通信工程专业英语 Unit 4：Common-Channel Signaling

通信工程专业英语习题答案练习参考答案第1单元信号与系统1．完形填空(1) band-limited, cutoff frequencies, to, between, the information rate is proportional to the bandwidth of the channel, on, to, by, by simply increasing the number of levels, noise will cause the receiver to mistake one level for another, no matter how elaborately the data is coded, between, theoretical maxima.(2) from, a loss of information , the twisted pair, addition of noise to the signal, depends on the signal frequency, the high-frequency components of the signal, over, between, through, of, with, including.(3) for, to, In some cases, over, (microwave relay, coaxial cable, or fiber), ADC, to, thereby achieving a reduction in required channel bandwidth, of, signal recovery, (Techniques such as filtering, auto-correlation and convolution).2．英汉互译(1) “电信”（telecommunication）一词来源于希腊语tele（含义为“遥远的”）和拉丁语communicatio（涵义为“连接”）。

Research,,,,,on,,,,,Carrier,,,,,T racking,,,,,in,,,,,Hybrid,,, ,,DS/FH,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum,,,,,TT&C,,,,,SystemAbstractBecause,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,effect,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,the,,,,,inp ut,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,(Direct,,,,,Sequ ence/Frequency,,,,,Hopping,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum),,,,,TT&C,,,,,(Telemetry,,,,,,Trackin g,,,,,&,,,,,Command),,,,,System,,,,,is,,,,,characterized,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequen cy,,,,,agile.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,shift,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,step,,,,, response,,,,,state,,,,,ceaselessly,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,measurement,,,,,resolution,,,,,severely,,, ,,decline,,,,,,even,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,unlocked.,,,,,This,,,,,paper,,,, ,presents,,,,,a,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern.,,,,,In,,,,,order,,,,,to,,,,,keep,,,,,the,,,,,stability,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,, ,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,dwell,,,, ,is,,,,,estimated,,,,,and,,,,,timely,,,,,compensated,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,adjustment, ,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern,,,,,and,,,,,current,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity.,,,,,Simulation,,,,,results,,,,,show,,,,,that,,, ,,this,,,,,method,,,,,effectively,,,,,eliminates,,,,,the,,,,,instability,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,carrier,,,,, frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,meets,,,,,the,,,,,require ment,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,Keywords：carrier,,,,,tracking；DS/FHSS；frequency,,,,,agility；aided；TT&CI．INTRODUCTIONThe,,,,,main,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,(Telemetry,,,,,,Tracking,,,,,and,,,,,Com mand),,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,ranging,,,,,and,,,,,velocity,,,,,measurement.,,,,,Presently,,,,,,the, ,,,,most,,,,,common,,,,,used,,,,,TT&C,,,,,systems,,,,,are,,,,,unit,,,,,carrier,,,,,system,,,,,an d,,,,,unit,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,system.,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,unit,,,,,carrier,,,,,TT&C,,,,,sys tem,,,,,,ranging,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,,by,,,,,measuring,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,difference,,,,,betw een,,,,,transmitted,,,,,and,,,,,received,,,,,tones,,,,,,and,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,unit,,,,,spread,,,,,sp ectrum,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,autocorrelation,,,,,properties,,,,, of,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,,ranging,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,,by,,,,,measuring,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,delay, ,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,pseudonoise,,,,,(PN),,,,,code.,,,,,V elocity ,,,,,measurement,,,,,in,,,,,both,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,systems,,,,,depends,,,,,on,,,,,extracting,, ,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,difference,,,,,resulting,,,,,from,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,phenomena,,,,, between,,,,,the,,,,,transmitted,,,,,and,,,,,received,,,,,carrier.,,,,,While,,,,,all,,,,,the,,,,,proc esses,,,,,mentioned,,,,,above,,,,,are,,,,,finished,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,ground,,,,,of,,,,,high,,,,,res olution,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,lock,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,comm on,,,,,used,,,,,method,,,,,to,,,,,implement,,,,,it,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,As,,,,,the,,,,,s pace,,,,,electromagnetism,,,,,environment,,,,,become,,,,,more,,,,,and,,,,,more,,,,,complic ated,,,,,,the,,,,,capability,,,,,of,,,,,anti-jamming,,,,,is,,,,,required,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,, TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,[1].,,,,,So,,,,,we,,,,,consider,,,,,using,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,, ,(Direct,,,,,Sequence/Frequency,,,,,Hopping,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum),,,,,technology,,,,,to ,,,,,build,,,,,a,,,,,more,,,,,robust,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,,,,,,For,,,,,many,,,,,ordinary,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,communication,,,,,systems,,,,,,th e,,,,,most,,,,,important,,,,,function,,,,,is,,,,,demodulating,,,,,data,,,,,but,,,,,not,,,,,measuri ng,,,,,,so,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,necessary,,,,,to,,,,,measure,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,p recisely.,,,,,However,,,,,,in,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,measuring,,,,, and,,,,,tracking,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,precisely,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,foundation,,,,,of,,,,,system,,,,, ,so,,,,,some,,,,,special,,,,,problem,,,,,needs,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,solved.,,,,,In,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,, ,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,even,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,signal,,,,,has,,,,,been,,,,,de hopped,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization,,,,,module,,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,Dopp ler,,,,,Effect,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,frequency,,,,,of, ,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,contains,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,severely.,,,,,As,,,,,a,,,,,result,,,,,, the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,shift,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,step,,,,,responses,,,,,state,,,,,again,,,,,and,,,,,again,,,,,,and,,,,,it,,,,,seems,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,impossible,,,,,for,,,,,freq uency,,,,,measurement,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking.,,,,,,,,,,The,,,,,paper,,,,,is,,,,,organize d,,,,,as,,,,,follows.,,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,I,,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,sync hronization,,,,,module,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,introduced., ,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,II,,,,,,we,,,,,analyze,,,,,how,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,, ,,influences,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,In,,,,,sect ion,,,,,III,,,,,,a,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern,,,,,and,,,,,current,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity,,,,,is,,,,,proposed.,,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,IV,,,, ,,a,,,,,simulation,,,,,mode,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,ground,,,,,of,,,,,actual,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,T T&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,built,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,results,,,,,of,,,,,simulation,,,,,show,,,,,that,,, ,,this,,,,,method,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,simple,,,,,and,,,,,effective,,,,,for,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,, ,,,system.,,,,,Finally,,,,,,some,,,,,conclusions,,,,,are,,,,,drawn,,,,,in,,,,,section,,,,,V.II．INPUT,,,,,SIGNAL,,,,,OF,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRACKING,,,,,LOOPAs,,,,,the,,,,,traditional,,,,,TT&C,,,,,and,,,,,communication,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,inp ut,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,must,,,,,be,,,,,a,,,,,monotonous,,,,,inter mediate,,,,,frequency,,,,,signal,,,,,,so,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,RF,,,,,signal,,,,,should,,,,,be,,,, ,dehopped,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patternsynchronization,,,,,module.,,,, ,In,,,,,FH,,,,,communication,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,during,,,,,a,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,, time,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,narrowband,,,,,signal,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,general,,,,,power,,,,,detector,,,,,is ,,,,,commonly,,,,,used,,,,,to,,,,,detect,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,signal,,,,,[2].,,,,,B ut,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,subme rged,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,noise,,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,impossible,,,,,to,,,,,acquire,,,,,signal,,,,,directly,,,,, by,,,,,power,,,,,detector,,,,,such,,,,,as,,,,,FH,,,,,communication,,,,,system.,,,,,However,,,, ,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,during,,,,,a,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,system,,,,,just,,,,,is,,,,, a,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,acquire,,,,,i t,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,of,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,, ,signal.,,,,,The,,,,,acquisition,,,,,methods,,,,,,such,,,,,as,,,,,serial-search,,,,,acquisition,,,,, ,parallel,,,,,acquisition,,,,,and,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,FFT,,,,,have,,,,,be en,,,,,discussed,,,,,in,,,,,a,,,,,lot,,,,,of,,,,,papers,,,,,[3-5],,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,won’t,,,,,discuss,,, ,,the,,,,,problem,,,,,detailedly,,,,,in,,,,,this,,,,,paper.,,,,,In,,,,,our,,,,,system,,,,,,since,,,,,one,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,short,,,,,,the,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,based,,,,, on,,,,,FFT,,,,,which,,,,,can,,,,,extract,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,delay,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequen cy,,,,,at,,,,,one,,,,,time,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,the,,,,,best,,,,,way,,,,,for,,,,,acquisition.,,,,,The,,,,,s cheme,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patters,,,,,acquisition,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,coarse,,,,, synchronization,,,,,,could,,,,,be,,,,,shown,,,,,as,,,,,Fig,,,,,1.Figure,,,,,1.,,,,,Scheme,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronizationThe,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,, by,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,rapid,,,,,searching,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,two,,, ,,dimension,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,of,,,,,Direct,,,,,Sequence,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,phase,,, ,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency.,,,,,At,,,,,the,,,,,beginning,,,,,,the,,,,,link,,,,,switch,,,,,is,,,,,o n,,,,,the,,,,,location,,,,,1,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,s ynthesizer,,,,,with,,,,,higher,,,,,hop,,,,,speed,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,one,,,,,is,,,,,mi xed,,,,,with,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,signal.,,,,,Then,,,,,,via,,,,,the,,,,,band,,,,,pass,,,,,filter,,,,, ,the,,,,,output,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,mixer,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module, ,,,,of,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,and,,,,,carrier.,,,,,If,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,of,,,,,correlator,,,,,in,,,,,acq uisition,,,,,module,,,,,is,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,threshold,,,,,,the,,,,,direct,,,,,se quence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,acquired,,,,,during,,,,,this,,,,,hop,,, ,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,steps,,,,,the,,,,,next,,, ,,frequency.,,,,,By,,,,,contrast,,,,,,if,,,,,detection,,,,,variable,,,,,of,,,,,acquisition,,,,,modul e,,,,,is,,,,,more,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,threshold,,,,,,it,,,,,means,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,freque ncy,,,,,hopping,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,acquired,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,mixer,,,,,outputs,,,,,a,,,,,stable, ,,,,district,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal.,,,,,After,,,,,that,,,,,,the,,,,,switch,,,,,is,,,,,on,,,,, the,,,,,location,,,,,2,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,will,,,,,timely,,,,, change,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,, ,,pattern.,,,,,After,,,,,the,,,,,coarse,,,,,synchronization,,,,,mentioned,,,,,above,,,,,,the,,,,,D S/FHSS,,,,,signal,,,,,have,,,,,being,,,,,dehopped,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,fine,,,,,alignment,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,is,,,,,achieved,,,,,by ,,,,,a,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,na mely ,,,,,the,,,,,delay-locked,,,,,loop.,,,,,Then,,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,of,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,a,,,,,duplicate,,,,,of,,,,,received,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,,is,,,,,mixed,,,,,to,,,,,th e,,,,,IF,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,dehopped,,,,,by ,,,,,coarse ,,,,,synchronization,,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,monotonous,,,,,intermediate,,,,,frequency ,,,,,narrowb and,,,,,,,,,,signal,,,,,which,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,o btained.III.,,,,,CHARACTERISTIC,,,,,OF,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRA CKING,,,,,LOOPCompared,,,,,with,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,ordinarycommunica tion,,,,,system,,,,,,because,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,high,,,,,dynamic,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,,e specially,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,landing,,,,,,accelerating,,,,,and,,,,,decelerating,,,,,,the,,,,,car rier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,of,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,i nfluenced,,,,,more,,,,,severely ,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,Effect,,,,,(up,,,,,to,,,,,100KHz).,,,,,Addition,,,,,to,,,,,that,,,,,,a,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,agility ,,,,,resulted,,,,,from,,,,,th e,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,won’t,,,,,be,,,,,eliminated,,,,,by ,,,,,dehopping,,,,,t he,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,carrier,,,,,,and,,,,,which,,,,,becomes,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,fact or,,,,,influencing,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,DS/F HSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,The,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,downlink,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,DS/F HSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,may ,,,,,be,,,,,described,,,,,as:)()(1)()()()(000i v i f c i f i f i f i f d +=+= where,,,,,i,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,sequence,,,,,number,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,)(0i f is,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,,,,,,)(i f d is,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,)(i v ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,speed,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft.,,,,,We,,,,,can,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,synchroniz ation,,,,,of,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,has,,,,,been,,,,,completed,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,local,,,,,frequency ,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,is)()()(i f i f i f o lo ∆-=,,,,,,,,,,,where,,,,,)(i f ∆is,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,difference,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,the,,,,,intermediate,,,,,freque ncy ,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,Passing,,,,,a,,,,,IF,,,,,ba nd,,,,,pass,,,,,filter,,,,,,a,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,)(i f ∆,,,,,,is,,,,,obtained.,,,,,According,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,relation,,,,,among,,,,,the,,,,,velocity ,,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequen cy ,,,,,and,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,derived,,,,,easily,,,,,as,,,,,follow:,,,,,)()(1)()()()(0i v i f c i f i f i f i f d in +=+=∆∆ Then,,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,interval,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,frequency ,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,(i+i)th,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,agility ,,,,,)(i f d ∆,,,,,is,,,,,genera ted,,,,,,and,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,expressed,,,,,as:,,,,,)]()()1()1([1)(00i v i f i v i f c i f d -++=∆ Generally,,,,,speaking,,,,,,we,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,velocity ,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft ,,,,,during,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,frequency ,,,,,won’t,,,,,change,,,,,,i.e.)()1(i v i v =+,,,,,,s o )()(1)(0i f i v ci f d ∆∆=,,,,,,which,,,,,shows,,,,,,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,difference,,,,,of,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,hop,,,,,a nd,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,speed,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft.,,,,,,,,,,Then,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,can,,,,,be ,,,,,expressed,,,,,as:,,,,,,,,,, )(])()()(1222sin[)(2)(0t n nT t p n f n v c t f t f t R P t s n ab +++-++∙=∑∞∞→∆∆τσπππ where,,,,,P,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,power,,,,,after,,,,,the,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,freq uency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,,)(t R ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,modulated,,,,,data,,,,,,∆f ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,intermediate,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,d f and,,,,,τ,,,,,are,,,,,the,,,,,rudimental,,,,,frequency ,,,,,o ffset,,,,,and,,,,,rudimental,,,,,phase,,,,,offset,,,,,brought,,,,,from,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module ,,,,,respective.,,,,,;1)(,10=≤≤t p t otherwise,,,,,0)(=t p ,,,,,,T,,,,,is,,,,,one,,,,,hop,,,,,dw ell,,,,,time,,,,,,σ,,,,,,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,f requency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,patterns,,,,,,n(t),,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,additive,,,,,white,,,,,Gaussian,,,,,noise,,,,,with,,,,,two-side,,,,,power,,,,,spectral,,,,,density ,,,,,2N W/Hz,,,,,and,,,,,c,,,,,is,,,,,t he,,,,,velocity ,,,,,of,,,,,light.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,basic,,,,,description,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,performance,,,,,,and,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,obtain,,,,,it,,,,,by ,,,,,the,,,,,error,,,,,transfer,,,,,fun ction,,,,,as,,,,,follow:,,,,,where,,,,,,F(s),,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,transfer,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,filter,,,,,,K,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,gain,,,,,of,,,,,open,,,,,loop.,,,,,Then,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,apply,,,,,the,,,,,limit,,,,,theorem,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,expressed,,,,,as,,,,,)()()(0100lim s H s s s Θ=∞→θ,to,,,,,derive,,,,,the,,,,,steady-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,error.,,,,,Unfortunately ,,,,,,the,,,,,derivation,,,,,of,,,,,Laplacian,,,,,transfer,,,,,of,,,,,,,,,,is,,,,,seen,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,impossible,,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,can’t,,,,,calcula te,,,,,the,,,,,measuring,,,,,error,,,,,precisely ,,,,,and,,,,,only,,,,,analyze,,,,,it,,,,,by ,,,,,simula tion.,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,2edorder,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,expre ssed,,,,,as:3202nT ξωωρ∆= where,,,,,,0ω,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,initial,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,,n ω,,,,,and,,,,,ξ,,,,,are,,,,,the,,,,,natural,,,,,frequency ,,,,,and,,,,,damping,,,,,factor,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,In,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,0ω,,,,,just,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,freque ncy ,,,,,agility ,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,time,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,fre quency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern.,,,,,Thereby ,,,,,,three,,,,,cases,,,,,are,,,,,discussed.,,,,,Case,,,,,1:,,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,more,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time.The,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,acqu ire,,,,,and,,,,,track,,,,,the,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,signal,,,,,,but,,,,,shift,,,,,the,,,,,unlock ,,,,,state,,,,,immediately ,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency ,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,loop.,,,,,The,,,,,loop,,,,,steps,,,,,to,,,,,lock,,,,,,unlock,,,,,,re-lock,,,,,,re-unlock,,,,,s tate,,,,,repeatedly,,,,,for,,,,,all,,,,,time,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,can’t,,,,,be,,,,,extracted,,,,,accurately .Case,,,,,2:,,,,,Tp>Tc,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,lo op,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time.,,,,,During,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,f requency ,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,likely ,,,,,to,,,,,step,,,,,up,,,,,suddenly ,,,,,,and,,,,,t hen,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,steps,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,once,,,,,again.,,,,,For,,,,,t he,,,,,case,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,step,,,,,to,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,again,,,,,and,,,,,again,,,,,for,,,,,all,,,,,time.,,,,,,,,,,Case,,,,,3:,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,non-ideal,,,,,2ed,,,,,or,,,,,high-degree,,,,,order,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,band,,,,,p ω∆,,,,,is,,,,,limited,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,hopping,,,,,frequenc y ,,,,,agility,,,,,)(i f d ∆,,,,,also,,,,,influences,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,loop.,,,,,When )(i f d ∆<p ω∆,,,,,,,,,,,the,,,,,conclusion,,,,,is,,,,,same,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,analysis,,,,,,,,,,mentio ned,,,,,above,,,,,,and,,,,,when )(i f d ∆>p ω∆,,,,,,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,won’t,,,,,loc ked,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,forever.The,,,,,simulation,,,,,result,,,,,of,,,,,2ed,,,,,order,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,used,,,,,com monly,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,field,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,2.,,,,,The,,,,,Doppler,,,,,agilit y ,,,,,is,,,,,plotted,,,,,by ,,,,,broken,,,,,line,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,is,,,,,denoted ,,,,,by ,,,,,real,,,,,line.,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(a),,,,,shows,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,performance,,,,,witho ut,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,agility;,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,as,,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,is,,,,,descr ibed,,,,,in,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(b),,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,state,,,,,is,,,,,alternating,,,,,between,,,,,locked,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,unlocked.,,,,,In,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(c),,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,acquiring,,,,,signal,,,,,f orever.,,,,,Because,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,is,,,,,changed,,,,,before,,,,,stepping,,,,,to,,,,,the ,,,,,locked,,,,,state,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,won’t,,,,,acquire,,,,,any ,,,,,signal,,,,,at,,,,,all,,,,,time.,,,,,In,,,,,Fig,,,,,2(d),,,,,,when )(i f d ∆>p ω∆,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,capability ,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,invalid,,,,,entirely .Figure,,,,,2.,,,,,Time,,,,,response,,,,,of,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,with,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,agility:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(a) No,,,,,hopping,,,,,,(b),,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(c),,,,,Tp>T c,,,,,,(d),,,,,)(i f d ∆>pω∆IV.,,,,,THE,,,,,SCHEME,,,,,OF,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRACKING,,,,,LOO P,,,,,AIDED,,,,,BY,,,,,HOPPING,,,,,PA TTERNThe,,,,,structure,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,track,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,hoppi ng,,,,,frequency,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,3.,,,,,Generally,,,,,speaking,,,,,, we,,,,,can,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,velocity,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,interval,,,,,time,,,,,betw een,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,frequency,,,,,will,,,,,keep,,,,,a,,,,,fixed,,,,,value,,,,,,then,,,,,the,,,,,doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency,,,,,interval,,,,,c an,,,,,be,,,,,calculated,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,velocity,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,combined,,,,,with,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency.,,,,,The,,,,,is,,,,,added,,,,,timely,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,adjust ment,,,,,value,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,new,,,,,frequency,,,,,signa l,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,loop.,,,,,So,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,NCO,,,,,also ,,,,,changes,,,,,synchronal,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,changing,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,, ,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,keeps,,,,,stable.,,,,,Deserve,,,,,to,,,,,mentioned,,,,,,before,,,,,the,,,, ,loop,,,,,stepped,,,,,to,,,,,steady,,,,,state,,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity,,,,,used,,,,,by,,,,,t he,,,,,scheme,,,,,is,,,,,given,,,,,from,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module.,,,,,After,,,,,having,,, ,,being,,,,,locked,,,,,state,,,,,,then,,,,,the,,,,,velocity,,,,,should,,,,,be,,,,,extracted,,,,,from,, ,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,itself,,,,,directly.,,,,,By,,,,,this,,,,,way,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,, keep,,,,,stable,,,,,even,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,high,,,,,dynamic,,,,,condition.,,,,,Figure,,,,,3.,,,,,Carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patternBesides,,,,,the,,,,,thermal,,,,,noise,,,,,jitter,,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,, ,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,f requency,,,,,jitter,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,and,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,due ,,,,,to,,,,,frequency,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization.,,,,,The,,,,,former,,,,,one,,,,,depends,,,,, on,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,as,,,,,other,,,,,communication,,,,,and,,,,,we,,,,,only,,,,,discuss,,,,,the,,,,,latter,,,,,one.,,,,,Briefly,,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,local, ,,,,frequency,,,,,changing,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,is,,,,,advanc ed,,,,,or,,,,,retarded,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,of,,,,,receive,,,,,signal,,,,,,the,,,,,aiding,,,,,modu le,,,,,will,,,,,provide,,,,,a,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,at,,,,,the, ,,,,wrong,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,step,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,unlocked,,,,,state,,,,, at,,,,,once,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,response,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,step.,,,,,Fortunately,,,,,,when,,,,,the,, ,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,changes,,,,,actually,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,retur n,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,steady,,,,,state,,,,,rapidly.,,,,,But,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,increase,,,,,of,,,,,synchro nization,,,,,error,,,,,,it,,,,,also,,,,,be,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,become,,,,,too,,,,,severe,,,,,to,,,,,me et,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.V.,,,,,SIMULA TIOMThe,,,,,model,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,of,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,sys tem,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,3,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,built,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,simulink,,,,,of,, ,,,Matlab.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,standard,,,,,costas,,,,,loop,,,,,commo nly,,,,,used,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,TT&C,,,,,field,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,eliminate,,,,,the,, ,,,inference,,,,,resulted,,,,,form,,,,,the,,,,,polarity,,,,,change,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,modulated,,,,, data,,,,,[9].,,,,,To,,,,,adapt,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,change,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,, ,spacecraft,,,,,movement,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,designed,,,,,as,,,,,a,,,,,2ed,,,,,order,,,,,loo p,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,filter,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,1st,,,,,order,,,,,filter.,,,,,The,,,,,simulation,,,,, parameter,,,,,is,,,,,set,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,actual,,,,,TT&C,,,,,task,,,,,as,,,,,follow s:,,,,,Carrier,,,,,frequency:,,,,,2.2GHz~2.3GHz,,,,,Amount,,,,,of,,,,,frequencies:,,,,,128,,,,,Frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern:,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,m-sequence,,,,,Rudimental,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,after,,,,,acquisition:,,,,,300Hz,,,,,Intermediate,,,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop:,,,,,4.8MHz,,,,,Sampling,,,,,frequency:,,,,,16.3Mbps,,,,,Noise,,,,,Bandwidth,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop:,,,,,10Hz,,,,,A.,,,,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniform,,,,,motion,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,uniformly,,,, ,accelerated,,,,,motionWe,,,,,assume,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,7.9km/s,,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,relation ,,,,,among,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,and,,,,,velocity,,,,,,t he,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,obtaine d,,,,,as,,,,,Fig,,,,,4(a).,,,,,The,,,,,max,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,is,,,,,up,,,,,to,,,,,2.3KHz.,,, ,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,without,,,,,aid,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,Fig,,,,,4(b),,,,,an d,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,with,,,,,aid,,,,,by,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig4(c)., ,,,,The,,,,,results,,,,,show,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,without,,,,,aid,,,,,is,,,,,unlocked,,,,,com pletely,,,,,,while,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,with,,,,,aid,,,,,can,,,,,track,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,accurately .,,,,,When,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,is,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,uniformly,,,,,accelerated,,,,,motion,,,,, (the,,,,,initial,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,7.9km/s,,,,,,and,,,,,speed,,,,,accelerator,,,,,is,,,,,30g),,,,,,th e,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,5.,,,,,The,,,,,same,,,,,conclusion,,,,,is, ,,,,obtained,,,,,as,,,,,pre-paragraph.,,,,,Figure,,,,,4.,,,,,,,,,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniform,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,motion:,,,,,(a)doppler,,,,,frequency,(b)without,,,,,aid,,,,,,(c),,,,,with,,,,,aid.Figure,,,,,5.,,,,,Time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniformly,,,,,accelerated,,,,,motion:(a)doppler,,,,,frequency,(b)without,,,,,aid,,,,,(c),,,,,with,,,,,aidB.,,,,,Tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,hopping,,,,,speedIn,,,,,this,,,,,simulation,,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is, ,,,,obtained,,,,,by,,,,,calculating,,,,,variance.,,,,,The,,,,,relation,,,,,between,,,,,tracking,,,, ,resolution,,,,,and,,,,,hopping,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,6,,,,,on,,,,,different,, ,,,input,,,,,SNR,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,minimum,,,,,value,,,,,insuring,,,,,the,,,,,demodulating,,,, ,correctly,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,13,,,,,dB.,,,,,The,,,,,result,,,,,of,,,,,simulation ,,,,,testified,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,sensitive,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,hopping,,,,, speed,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,scheme,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,robust,,,,,for,,,,,different,,,,,hopping,,,,,spe ed.Figure,,,,,6.,,,,,Stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,vs,,,,,hopping,,,,,speedC.,,,,,Tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,frequency, ,,,,,,,,,pattern,,,,,,,,,,synchronization,,,,,,,,,,For,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,p attern,,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,above,,,,,discussion,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,factor,,,,,impact ing,,,,,the,,,,,stability,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,caused,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,, patterns,,,,,synchronization.,,,,,Fig,,,,,7,,,,,shows,,,,,the,,,,,stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,acc uracies,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,synchronization,,,,,pattern,,,,,on,,,,,d ifferent,,,,,input,,,,,SNR.,,,,,The,,,,,measuring,,,,,error,,,,,is,,,,,increase,,,,,as,,,,,increasin g,,,,,of,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,measurement,,,,,error,,,,,resulted,,,,,from,,,,,the ,,,,,SNR,,,,,even,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,ignored,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,error,,,,,is,,,,,up,,,,,to,,, ,,some,,,,,specified,,,,,value.,,,,,Consequently,,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,infer,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,trac k,,,,,accuracy,,,,,won’t,,,,,meet,,,,,the,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,finally ,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,problem,,,,,needs,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,researched,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,future.Figure,,,,,7.,,,,,Stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,vs,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization。

通信工程专业英语词汇来源：李涛的日志动态范围: Dynamic range频率偏值: Frequency offset符号率：Symbol rate码域功率：code domain power频分多址: Frequency Division Multiple Access码分多址: Code Division Multiple Access时分多址: Time Division Multiple Access沃什码：Walsh code误码率：Bit Error Rate，BER帧误码率：Frame Error Rate，FER循环冗余码：Cyclic Redundancy Code，CRC时序分析：timing analyze门限：threshold非同步模式：Asynchronous Mode同步模式：Synchronous Mode邻道功率：ACP D―― Adjacent Channel Power先进移动电话业务：AMPS---Advanced Mobile Phone Service组织协会：ANSI --- American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准局BPT --- British Post and Telecommunication Standard 英国邮政与电信标准CCIR --- International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT --- International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际/电报咨询委员会CEPT --- Conference of European Post and Telecommunication Administrations欧洲邮电行政会议EIA --- Electronic Engineers Association 电子工业协会美ETSI --- European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准委员会FCC --- Federal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会美IEC --- International Electrotechnics Committee国际电工委员会IEE --- Institution of Electrical Engineers电气工程师协会英IEEE--- Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC电气与电子工程师协会美ITU --- International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟联合国MPT --- Ministry of Post and telecommunications邮政与电信部英TIA --- Telecommunications Industries Association电信工业协会美WARC --- World Administrative Radio Conference世界无线电行政大会ZVEI --- Zentralverband der Electechnischen Industrie电气工业中央协会德ACP --- Adjacent Channel Power邻道功率AMPS --- Advanced Mobile Phone Institute先进移动电话业务APOC --- Advanced Paging Operator Code先进寻呼操作码AVL --- Average Voice Level平均话音电平BSC --- Base Site Controller基站控制器CDMA --- Code Division Mulitiple Code码分多址CDPD --- Cellular Digital Packet Data蜂窝分组数据系统CSC --- Cell Site Controllor小区控制器DCCH --- Digital Control Channel数字控制信道DECT --- Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications数字增强无绳电话EDACS --- Enhanced Digital Access Communications System加强的数字接入通信系统ERMES --- European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲无线电信息系统ESN --- Electronics Serial Number电子串号FDR --- Frequency Domain Reflectometry频域反射计FLEX --- Flexible Paging System可变速寻呼系统FOCC --- Forward Control Channel前向控制信道FVC --- Forward Voice Channel前向话音信道GSC --- Golay Sequential Coding格雷码GSM --- Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统IBASIC --- Instrument BASIC仪器BASIC语言IDC --- Instantaneous Deviation Control瞬时频偏控制IMSI --- International Mobile Station Identify国际移动台识别号码LNA --- Low Noise Amplifier低噪声放大器LPF/HPF --- Low/High Pass Filter低通/高通滤波器LSB/USB --- Lower/Upper Side Band下/上边带MCC --- Mobile Country Code移动业务国家号码MCS --- Mobile Control Station移动控制站MIN --- Mobile Identification Number移动识别码MNC --- Mobile Network Code移动电话网号码MSC ---Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心MSIN --- Mobile Station Identification Number移动台识别码MTSO --- Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局NMSI --- National Mobile Station Identify国内移动台识别号码NMT --- Nordic Mobile Telephone北欧移动电话系统OTP --- One Time Programmable一次性编程PDC --- Personal Digital Cellular个人数字蜂窝系统PHS --- Personal Handy-Phone System个人手持电话系统PSTN --- Public Switching Telephone Network公用交换电话网RECC --- Reverse Control Channel反向控制信道RVC --- Reverse Voice Channel反向话音信道RSSI --- Receiced Signal Strength Indicator接收信号场强指示SCC --- Signalling Channel Controller信令信道控制器SCM --- Station Class Mark移动台级别标志SID --- Syste Indentification Number系统识别号TACS --- Total Access Communications System全选址通信系统TDMA --- Time Division Multiple Access时分多址UUT --- Under Unit Test被测单元VCC --- Voice Channel Controller话音信道控制器VSWR --- Voltages Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比1997年，爱立信公司向ETSI（欧洲电信标准委员会）提出了EDGE的可行性研究方案，并在同年得到认可。

通信工程英语名词Telecommunication engineering is a field that encompasses a wide array of technical terms essential for understanding the systems and processes involved in transmitting information across various media. Here are some key English terms used in the field of communication engineering:1. Bandwidth - The range of frequencies within a given band, used to measure the capacity of a channel to carry information.2. Bit Rate - The number of bits processed per unit of time, often measured in bits per second (bps).3. Carrier Signal - A wave that is modulated to transmit information, often a sine wave.4. Channel - A pathway for carrying signals, which can bea physical medium like a cable or a wireless frequency.5. Codec - A device or software that encodes and decodes digital data, often used in audio and video compression.6. Decibel (dB) - A unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often used to measure signal strength.7. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) - The use of digitalprocessing techniques to perform operations on signals that are in digital form.8. Encryption - The process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can access it.9. Frequency Modulation (FM) - A method of transmitting information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave in proportion to the amplitude of the input signal.10. Hertz (Hz) - The unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.11. Interference - The unwanted superposition of one signal upon another, often causing a reduction in signal quality.12. Jitter - The deviation of the signal from its ideal timing, often a problem in digital transmission.13. Kilobyte (KB) - A unit of digital information equal to 1024 bytes.14. Laser - A device that emits light (or other electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.15. Microwave - A type of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; often used for high-frequency communication.16. Network Topology - The arrangement of the elements (nodes, links, etc.) in a computer network.17. Optical Fiber - A thin strand of glass or plastic designed to transmit light signals over long distances.18. Protocol - A set of rules governing the format and transmission of data.19. QoS (Quality of Service) - The performance metrics ofa service, such as bandwidth, error rate, and latency.20. Radio Frequency (RF) - A rate of oscillation within the range extending from cycles per second to around 300 GHz.21. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) - A measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.22. Transceiver - A combination of a transmitter and receiver in one unit, used for two-way communication.23. Uplink - The transmission link by which a mobile device sends signals to a base station or hub.24. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) - A two-way ground station that uses satellite for communication.25. Wavelength - The distance between two corresponding points in consecutive cycles of a wave.26. XDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - A family of technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network.27. Yagi Antenna - A directional antenna consisting of elements in a line and usually used for receiving or transmitting radio frequency signals.28. Zigbee - A specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone studying or working in the field of communication engineering, as they form the foundation of the language used to discuss and develop the technologies that underpin modern communication systems.。

通信工程专业英语词汇来源：李涛的日志动态范围: Dynamic range频率偏值: Frequency offset符号率：Symbol rate码域功率：code domain power频分多址: Frequency Division Multiple Access码分多址: Code Division Multiple Access时分多址: Time Division Multiple Access沃什码：Walsh code误码率：Bit Error Rate，BER帧误码率：Frame Error Rate，FER循环冗余码：Cyclic Redundancy Code，CRC时序分析：timing analyze门限：threshold非同步模式：Asynchronous Mode同步模式：Synchronous Mode邻道功率：ACP D―― Adjacent Channel Power先进移动电话业务：AMPS---Advanced Mobile Phone Service组织协会：ANSI --- American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准局BPT --- British Post and Telecommunication Standard 英国邮政与电信标准CCIR --- International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT --- International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际/电报咨询委员会CEPT --- Conference of European Post and Telecommunication Administrations欧洲邮电行政会议EIA --- Electronic Engineers Association 电子工业协会美ETSI --- European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准委员会FCC --- Federal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会美IEC --- International Electrotechnics Committee国际电工委员会IEE --- Institution of Electrical Engineers电气工程师协会英IEEE--- Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC电气与电子工程师协会美ITU --- International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟联合国MPT --- Ministry of Post and telecommunications邮政与电信部英TIA --- Telecommunications Industries Association电信工业协会美WARC --- World Administrative Radio Conference世界无线电行政大会ZVEI --- Zentralverband der Electechnischen Industrie电气工业中央协会德ACP --- Adjacent Channel Power邻道功率AMPS --- Advanced Mobile Phone Institute先进移动电话业务APOC --- Advanced Paging Operator Code先进寻呼操作码AVL --- Average Voice Level平均话音电平BSC --- Base Site Controller基站控制器CDMA --- Code Division Mulitiple Code码分多址CDPD --- Cellular Digital Packet Data蜂窝分组数据系统CSC --- Cell Site Controllor小区控制器DCCH --- Digital Control Channel数字控制信道DECT --- Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications数字增强无绳电话EDACS --- Enhanced Digital Access Communications System加强的数字接入通信系统ERMES --- European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲无线电信息系统ESN --- Electronics Serial Number电子串号FDR --- Frequency Domain Reflectometry频域反射计FLEX --- Flexible Paging System可变速寻呼系统FOCC --- Forward Control Channel前向控制信道FVC --- Forward Voice Channel前向话音信道GSC --- Golay Sequential Coding格雷码GSM --- Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统IBASIC --- Instrument BASIC仪器BASIC语言IDC --- Instantaneous Deviation Control瞬时频偏控制IMSI --- International Mobile Station Identify国际移动台识别号码LNA --- Low Noise Amplifier低噪声放大器LPF/HPF --- Low/High Pass Filter低通/高通滤波器LSB/USB --- Lower/Upper Side Band下/上边带MCC --- Mobile Country Code移动业务国家号码MCS --- Mobile Control Station移动控制站MIN --- Mobile Identification Number移动识别码MNC --- Mobile Network Code移动电话网号码MSC ---Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心MSIN --- Mobile Station Identification Number移动台识别码MTSO --- Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局NMSI --- National Mobile Station Identify国内移动台识别号码NMT --- Nordic Mobile Telephone北欧移动电话系统OTP --- One Time Programmable一次性编程PDC --- Personal Digital Cellular个人数字蜂窝系统PHS --- Personal Handy-Phone System个人手持电话系统PSTN --- Public Switching Telephone Network公用交换电话网RECC --- Reverse Control Channel反向控制信道RVC --- Reverse Voice Channel反向话音信道RSSI --- Receiced Signal Strength Indicator接收信号场强指示SCC --- Signalling Channel Controller信令信道控制器SCM --- Station Class Mark移动台级别标志SID --- Syste Indentification Number系统识别号TACS --- Total Access Communications System全选址通信系统TDMA --- Time Division Multiple Access时分多址UUT --- Under Unit Test被测单元VCC --- Voice Channel Controller话音信道控制器VSWR --- Voltages Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比1997年，爱立信公司向ETSI（欧洲电信标准委员会）提出了EDGE的可行性研究方案，并在同年得到认可。

通信工程专业英语汉英对照（A-D)2008年11月14日星期五21:08A安全地线=safegroundwire安全特性securityfeature安装线=hook-upwire按半周进行的多周期控制=multicyclecontrolledbyhalf-cycle 按键电话机=push-buttontelephoneset按需分配多地址=demandassignmentmultipleaccess(DAMA)按要求的电信业务=demandtelecommunicationservice按组编码=encodebygroupB八木天线=Yagiantenna白噪声=whiteGaussiannoise白噪声发生器=whitenoisegenerator半波偶极子=halfwavedipole半导体存储器=semiconductormemory半导体集成电路=semiconductorintegratedcircuit半双工操作=semi—duplexoperation半字节=Nib包络负反馈=peakenvelopnegativefeed-back包络延时失真=envelopdelaydistortion薄膜=thinfilm薄膜混合集成电路=thinfilmhybridintegratedcircuit 保护比(射频）=protectionratio(RF)保护时段=guardperiod保密通信=securecommunication报头=header报文分组packet报文优先等级=messagepriority报讯=alarm备用工作方式sparemode背景躁声backgroundnoise倍频frequencymultiplication倍频程actave倍频程滤波器octavefilter被呼地址修改通知calledaddressmodifiednotification 被呼用户优先priorityforcalledsubscriber本地PLMNlocalPLMN本地交换机localexchange本地移动用户身份localmobilestationidentity(LMSI）本地震荡器localoscillator比功率(功率密度)specificpower比特bit比特并行bitparallel比特号码bitnumber（BN)比特流bitstream比特率bitrate比特误码率biterrorrate比特序列独立性bitsequenceindependence必要带宽necessarybandwidth闭环电压增益closedloopvoltagegain闭环控制closedloopcontrol闭路电压closedcircuitvoltage边瓣抑制sidelobesuppression边带sideband边带非线性串扰sidebandnon-linearcrosstalk 边带线性串扰sidebandlinearcrosstalk边带抑制度sidebandsuppression边角辐射boundaryradiation编号制度numberingplan编解码器codec编码encode编码律encodinglaw编码器encoder编码器输出encoderoutput编码器总工作时间encoderoveralloperatetime 编码效率codingefficiency编码信号codedsignal编码约束长度encodingconstraintlength编码增益codinggain编译程序compiler鞭状天线whipantenna变频器converter变频损耗converterconversionloss变容二极管variablecapacitancediode变形交替传号反转modifiedalternatemarkinversion便携电台portablestation便携设备portableequipment便携式载体设备portablevehicleequipment标称调整率（标称塞入率）nominaljustificationrate(nominalstuffingrate）标称值nominalvalue标称呼通概率nominalcallingprobability标准码实验信号standardcodetestsignal(SCTS)标准模拟天线standardartificialantenna标准频率standardfrequency标准时间信号发射standard—time-signalemission 标准实验调制standardtestmodulation标准输出功率standardpoweroutput标准输入信号standardinputsignal标准输入信号电平standardinput-signallevel标准输入信号频率standardinput-signalfrequency 标准信躁比standardsignaltonoise表面安装surfacemounting表示层presentationlayer并串变换器parallel—serialconverter(serializer）并馈垂直天线shunt—fedverticalantenna并行传输paralleltransmission并行终端parallelterminal拨号错误概率dialingmistakeprobability拨号后延迟post-dialingdelay拨号交换机dialexchange拨号线路dial—upline拨号音dialingtone拨号终端dial-upterminal波动强度（在给定方向上的）cymomotiveforce(c.m。

通信工程专业英语词汇动态范围: Dynamic range频率偏值: Frequency offset符号率：Symbol rate码域功率：code domain power频分多址: Frequency Division Multiple Access码分多址: Code Division Multiple Access时分多址: Time Division Multiple Access沃什码：Walsh code误码率：Bit Error Rate，BER帧误码率：Frame Error Rate，FER循环冗余码：Cyclic Redundancy Code，CRC时序分析：timing analyze门限：threshold非同步模式：Asynchronous Mode同步模式：Synchronous Mode邻道功率：ACP D―― Adjacent Channel Power先进移动电话业务：AMPS---Advanced Mobile Phone Service组织协会：ANSI --- American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准局BPT --- British Post and Telecommunication Standard 英国邮政与电信标准CCIR --- International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT --- International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际/电报咨询委员会CEPT --- Conference of European Post and Telecommunication Administrations欧洲邮电行政会议EIA --- Electronic Engineers Association 电子工业协会美ETSI --- European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准委员会FCC --- Federal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会美IEC --- International Electrotechnics Committee国际电工委员会IEE --- Institution of Electrical Engineers电气工程师协会英IEEE--- Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC电气与电子工程师协会美ITU --- International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟联合国MPT --- Ministry of Post and telecommunications邮政与电信部英TIA --- Telecommunications Industries Association电信工业协会美WARC --- World Administrative Radio Conference世界无线电行政大会ZVEI --- Zentralverband der Electechnischen Industrie电气工业中央协会德ACP --- Adjacent Channel Power邻道功率AMPS --- Advanced Mobile Phone Institute先进移动电话业务APOC --- Advanced Paging Operator Code先进寻呼操作码AVL --- Average Voice Level平均话音电平BSC --- Base Site Controller基站控制器CDMA --- Code Division Mulitiple Code码分多址CDPD --- Cellular Digital Packet Data蜂窝分组数据系统CSC --- Cell Site Controllor小区控制器DCCH --- Digital Control Channel数字控制信道DECT --- Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications数字增强无绳电话EDACS --- Enhanced Digital Access Communications System加强的数字接入通信系统ERMES --- European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲无线电信息系统ESN --- Electronics Serial Number电子串号FDR --- Frequency Domain Reflectometry频域反射计FLEX --- Flexible Paging System可变速寻呼系统FOCC --- Forward Control Channel前向控制信道FVC --- Forward Voice Channel前向话音信道GSC --- Golay Sequential Coding格雷码GSM --- Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统IBASIC --- Instrument BASIC仪器BASIC语言IDC --- Instantaneous Deviation Control瞬时频偏控制IMSI --- International Mobile Station Identify国际移动台识别号码LNA --- Low Noise Amplifier低噪声放大器LPF/HPF --- Low/High Pass Filter低通/高通滤波器LSB/USB --- Lower/Upper Side Band下/上边带MCC --- Mobile Country Code移动业务国家号码MCS --- Mobile Control Station移动控制站MIN --- Mobile Identification Number移动识别码MNC --- Mobile Network Code移动电话网号码MSC ---Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心MSIN --- Mobile Station Identification Number移动台识别码MTSO --- Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局NMSI --- National Mobile Station Identify国内移动台识别号码NMT --- Nordic Mobile Telephone北欧移动电话系统OTP --- One Time Programmable一次性编程PDC --- Personal Digital Cellular个人数字蜂窝系统PHS --- Personal Handy-Phone System个人手持电话系统PSTN --- Public Switching Telephone Network公用交换电话网RECC --- Reverse Control Channel反向控制信道RVC --- Reverse Voice Channel反向话音信道RSSI --- Receiced Signal Strength Indicator接收信号场强指示SCC --- Signalling Channel Controller信令信道控制器SCM --- Station Class Mark移动台级别标志SID --- Syste Indentification Number系统识别号TACS --- Total Access Communications System全选址通信系统TDMA --- Time Division Multiple Access时分多址UUT --- Under Unit Test被测单元VCC --- Voice Channel Controller话音信道控制器VSWR --- Voltages Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比1997年，爱立信公司向ETSI（欧洲电信标准委员会）提出了EDGE的可行性研究方案，并在同年得到认可。

11、中继线：trunk line汉译英一、12、传输速率：transmission rateTime Division （时分多址：TDMA 1、13、网络管理：network management Division Time Multiple Address/ 14、帧结构：frame structure Multiple Access）15、移动手机：Mobile Phone 手GPRS 2、通用无线分组业务：机 HandsetGeneral Packet Radio Service16、蜂窝交换机：（CellularCCITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会：、3switches）（电池开关cell switch）Synchronous 系体：SDH 步4、同数字(cell 蜂房)Digital Hierarchy （同步数字序列）17、天线：Antennahopping 跳频扩频：FHSS frequency 、518、微处理器：microprocessor spread spectrum19、国际漫游：Internationalsynchronous 转步移模块STM ：同、6roamingtransfer module20、短消息：short messageISDN7、综合业务数字网：21、信噪比：SNR(Signal to NoiseIntegrated Services Digital NetworkRatio)Area Metropolitan MAN 网城、8域：22、数字通信：Digital Network communicationTCP/IP 、9互联网协议：传输控制协议/23、系统容量：system capacity ControlTransmission24、蜂窝网：cell network（cellularProtocol/Internet Protocol network）（Honeycomb nets）of 务服、10质Quality QOS ：量25、越区切换：HandoverService internet互联网：、26．27、调制解调器：modem Multiple Access11、ITU：国际电信联盟 28、频谱：spectrumInternationalMouseTelecommunication29、鼠标：30、电子邮件：electronic mail UnionE-mail12、PCM：pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调制子网：subnet31、13软件无线电：、software defined 、WDM：波分复用Wavelength32Division Multiplex radios1433、网络资源：network resources 、FCC：联邦通信委员会Federal communications commission 二、英译汉15、：移动通信1、mobile communication PSTN：公用电话交换网Public Switched Telephone Network2、Computer user：计算机用户16、：帧格式3、Frame format NNI：网络节点借口Network Node Interface local ：4、WLANwireless area network17、WWW 无线局域网络：万维网World Wide Web18、5、VOD：视频点播Video-On-Demand Communication protocol：通信协议19、VLR：访问位置寄存器 Transmission quality、6：传输质量Visitor Location Register Remote terminal、7：远程终端20、MSC：移：standardInternational 、8国际标准动交换中心Mobile Switching Centre9 ：全球移动通信系统GSM、21forSystemGlobal、HLR：原籍Mobile位置寄存器HomeLocation RegisterCommunications：超大规模集成电路VLSI、22Code Division：码分多址CDMA、10．Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits23、Bluetooth technology：蓝牙技术24、Matched filter：匹配滤波器25、ADSL：非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital SubscriberLoop非对称数字用户线路(AsymmetricDigital Subscriber Line)26、GPS：全球定位系统GlobalPosition System27、ATM：异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode三、汉译英1、脉冲编码调制（PCM）依赖于三个独立的操作：抽样、量化和编码。