定语从句之关系代词讲解(一)

定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法一．定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.翻译：指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。

例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译：5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

定语从句讲解⼀关系代词讲与练第⼀讲关系代词与关系副词（⼀）关系代词⼀、定语从句形式1.定语从句为形容词性从句具有形容词作⽤来修饰名词或代词，有时也可修饰整个句⼦。

例如：The student who won the first prize in the English contest is from our class.在英语竞赛中获得冠军的那个学⽣在我们班。

Corrie invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him.期中who won the first prize in the English contest 为the student 的定语所以译为在英语竞赛中获得冠军的2.定语从句的构成定语从句与主句是两个句⼦；所以定语从句也有其相对独⽴的成分They bought a new car. The ca r is as big as the old one.要把后句变成a new car 的定语从句在后⼀句中的主语the car 与前句的被修饰词重复所以要省略，但是定语从句保持结构完整所以就要⽤关系词来代替所以改为They bought a new car that is as big as the old one.⼆、关系代词与关系副词的作⽤1. 在定语从句中的关系代词在定语从句中则充当主语或宾语如：（1）This is the city. I have long waited to visit the city.This is the city that I have long waited to visit. (that在定语从句中作宾语) （2）Corrie had bought me a beautiful diamond ring. The ring looks really valuable.Corrie had bought me a beautiful diamond ring that looks really valuable.(that作主语)3.在定语从句中关系副词充当状语如：(1) Corrie broght me to the house. He was born in the house.Corrie broght me to the house where he was born.(where 作定语从句中的地点状语) （2）Do you still remember the day when we first met in Haicheng.(3.) Do you know the reason why he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party.三、关系代词的种类与⽤法关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose, as1. that 可以修饰⼈或事。

精品资料欢迎下载定语从句(一)1.概念：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词，充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句，叫做定语从句。

2.先行词：在总从复合句中，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。

3.关系代词：即连接主句与从句的词。

4.关系代词包括：that(即可指人也可指物), which(只指物), who(只指人，宾格whom及所有格whose)5.主从复合句表现形式：e.g. I like the dress which (my mother bought for me). (我喜欢我妈妈给我买的那条裙子。

)先行词主句从句6.关系代词的用法①连接主句语从句②代替先行词③在从句中做成份(如：做主语，宾语等)7.关系代词在从句中做宾语及主语成分举例e.g. (王叔叔就是我昨天拜访的那个男的)中国是一个有着久远历史的国家。

)8.关系代词引导的定语从句（在从句中做成分）⑴which: 在从句中做主语，宾语。

①做主语：They planted the flowers which (didn't need much water).(他们种植了不需要太多水的花)②作宾语：I will never forget the days which (I spent（我将永远不会忘记我与你的家人度过的那几天）⑵who: 在从句中做主语，宾语。

①做主语：The teacher who (（昨天去看我的那个老师是李先生。

）②作宾语：The girl who/whom (I talked with(我刚才与之讲话的那个女孩将要去北京。

)⑶whose: 在从句中做定语(主语可以是人，也可以是物)。

①作定语(先行词为人)：He is the boy whose (father is a doctor).(他就是那个他爸爸是医生的男孩)②作定语(先行词为物): I want to buy the house whose (window face south).(我想买那个窗户面向南方的房子)⑷that:可在从句中做主语，宾语(即可指人，也可指物)。

定语从句关系代词重难点讲解一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。

【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用)：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。

7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。

例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

定语从句I关系代词定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。

先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。

一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。

(作主语)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。

(作宾语)2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。

(作宾语)3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。

(作定语)4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which.The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。

关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主、宾、表，定等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

（1）只代人的关系代词1）who, 只代人，在从句中主要作主语，有时在口语中也可以代替whom作宾语。

例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who在从句中作主语）He is the man [who(=whom)/that] I saw yesterday.（who在从句中作宾语，可省）2) whom只代人，在从句中作只作宾语。

例如John is the students (whom/who/that) we all like.（2）只代物的关系代词which代物，或代前面的句子，在从句中可作主语、宾语。

例如：You’d better not drink water which has not been boiled. (主)This is the place (which ) I visited last year. (宾)He has been admitted into the key university, which makes his family very happy . (主)（3）既代人又代物的关系代词1）that 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。

例如：Is he the man that wants to see you?（that代人，在从句中作主语）This is the book （that) I bought yesterday. （that代物，在从句中作宾语，可省）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. ( that 在从句中作表语)2）whose只用作定语, 且后面一定跟名词,还可以同of whom / of which互换）This is the person whose name is Li Ming.(= the name of whom = of whom the name )This is the room whose windows face south .( = the windows of which = of which the windows )The boss in whose company my mother worked looked down upon women .。

G rammar 定语从句（一）由关系代词引导的定语从句Y一、概念：1．定语从句: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

2．先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whose whom, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。

【注意】1）定语从句有先行词、关系词、从句三要素构成，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，三者缺一不可，其中关系词一定要在从句中充当成分。

2）从句是相对于主句而言的，一个完整而准确的句子要主句和从句齐全，不能只有定语从句而没有主句或主句和从句不分。

指出下句中的主句、从句、先行词以及关系词：The car which my uncle had just bough t was destroyed in the earthquake.下面两三句译句都有问题，指出它们的错误所在：1)我们的英语老师对我们很严。

Our English teacher who is very strict with us.2)我们喜欢我们的英语老师，她对我们很好。

We like our English teacher is very kind to us.We like our English teacher she is very kind to us.二、关系词的作用1．连接主从句 2. 指代先行词3. 在定语从句中作成分三、关系代词的用法关系代词除了代指前面的先行此外，最为重要的是在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语1．用恰当的关系代词完成下列句子并指明它们在从句中所起的成分。

1) This is the young man saved several people trapped under the buildings? 2) Several dayslater most of the buildings had been damaged were repaired. 3) The boy( ) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 4) The magazines ( ) I bought yesterday is lost.5) This is the novel about we often talk.=This is the novel （）we often talk about.6) Here are my neighbors homes were destroyed by the earthquake.注意：如果关系词在从句中作动词的宾语或不直接位于介词之后作介宾时，可以省略；做主语、定语或直接位于介词之后作介宾时，不能省略。

定语从句I 关系代词定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。

先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系代词的具体用法见下表：一、关系代词的用法指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。

(作主语)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。

(作宾语)指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。

(作宾语)可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。

(作定语)指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which.The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。