[02:31.77] 美国:我们的故事[02:36.37][02:43.50] 第一集反抗者[02:48.28][02:45.91]满载着商人与信徒的船只Shiploads of businessmen and true believers[02:48.72]正在横渡大西洋以期建立一个新世界are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world.[02:53.93][02:55.78]1610年5月May 1610.[02:57.84]在哥伦布发现新大陆的120年后120 years after Columbus,[03:01.07]这仍是一段危险的旅程it's still a perilous journey.[03:02.97][03:04.70]其中的一艘"解放号"上One ship, The Deliverance,[03:06.75]载着一样即将永久改变美国的货物carries a cargo that will change America forever. [03:09.69][03:10.77]都来帮忙啊All hands over here.[03:12.28]船上是24岁的英国农民约翰·罗尔夫Onboard is John Rolfe, a 24-year-old English farmer.[03:17.68][03:18.19]他有野心有自信有远见Ambitious, self-reliant, visionary.[03:21.26][03:21.27]是位天生的企业家A born entrepreneur.[03:23.55][03:23.73]这段在今天乘飞机只需六个小时的旅程What takes us six hours today by plane [03:26.51]在当时却需要至少两个月was then a voyage of more than two months.[03:29.42][03:31.19]早期冒险者中十个中有七个Seven of the early adventurers out of every ten [03:34.02][03:34.03]活不过第一年will be dead within a year.[03:36.09][03:36.23]喂看见陆地了Land ahoy![03:37.57][03:38.52]但是冒险是值得的But the risks are worth it.[03:40.41][03:42.24]北美大陆是终极机遇之地North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. [03:45.51][03:57.10]一块拥有大量待开发资源的大陆A continent of vast untapped wealth.[04:00.22][04:01.41]首先是所有资源中最有价值的... Starting with the most valuable resource of all... [04:04.21][04:05.73]土地land.[04:07.22][04:11.81]这块后来成为三亿多人家园的土地What will be home to more than 300 million people[04:15.15]有几乎一半的面积被成片的森林覆盖着lies under a blanket of forest covering nearly half the land.[04:19.73][04:20.09]共有超过五百亿棵树More than 50 billion trees.[04:22.79][04:28.28]再往西就是九百万平方英里的美洲荒原Further west, 9 million square miles of vast American wilderness.[04:33.48][04:34.64]六千万只美洲野牛在平原上狂奔60 million bison roam the plains.[04:37.57][04:47.20]在地下据说有钻石白银... And underground,there are rumors of gems, silver... [04:52.42][04:54.24]和世界上最大的黄金矿层and the largest seams of gold in the world.[04:57.33]黄金国西班牙人理想中南美洲的宝藏[05:01.29][04:57.33]移民们预期黄金储量不亚于理想中的黄金国The settlers expect nothing less than El Dorado.[05:01.29][05:16.43]但罗尔夫在英国殖民地詹姆斯敦看到的... But what Rolfe finds at the English settlement of Jamestown...[05:19.98][05:20.40]是人间地狱is hell on Earth.[05:22.49][05:25.88]在罗尔夫之前已有五百多名移民先期到达More than 500 settlers made the journey before Rolfe.[05:29.50][05:29.63]有人吗Hello?[05:31.00][05:32.67]有人吗Hello?[05:33.29]只有六十人活了下来Barely 60 remain.[05:35.33][05:36.87]当时正是"饥荒时期" It's called "The Starving Time".[05:40.56][05:42.64]在吃完了马和其它动物之后Having fed on horses and other animals,[05:46.22]我们吃掉了靴子鞋子we ate boots, shoes,[05:48.88]和其它任何能找到的皮革and any other leather we came across.[05:51.53]谁来救救我啊Somebody, help![05:52.86]就在罗尔夫到达三个月前Three months before Rolfe arrives,[05:54.80]有人因杀害自己怀孕的妻子并企图吃尸体a man is burned at the stake for killing his pregnant wife[05:58.15]而被处以火刑and planning to eat her.[06:00.01][06:04.45]这些英国人毫无准备地来到了这个新世界The English arrive unprepared for this[06:08.13]并且不愿从事体力劳动and unwilling to perform manual labor.[06:11.03][06:12.17]他们带来的不是牲畜Instead of livestock,[06:13.38]而是检测黄金的化学试剂they've brought chemical tests for gold...[06:16.81]但他们从未找到任何黄金that they never find.[06:18.70][06:21.64]并且这里也不是他们的地盘And this is not their land.[06:24.65][06:27.81]詹姆斯敦建在一个北美原住民部落领地中间They build Jamestownin the middle of a Native American empire.[06:31.72][06:33.28]60名食不果腹的移民被2万个波瓦坦族人包围60 starving settlers among 20,000 of the Powhatan Nation,[06:38.38]这些原住民的弓箭armed with bows and arrows[06:40.31]要比需要重新装子弹的英国滑膛枪that are up to nine times faster to reload and fire [06:43.93]快9倍than an English musket.[06:44.92][06:47.72]双方很快就成了敌人They're soon enemies.[06:50.24][06:52.58]最初的移民中只有一成活了下来Only one in ten of the original settlers is left. [06:56.26][06:59.80]约翰·罗尔夫没有像其他人一样John Rolfe didn't come to plunder and leave [07:02.35]劫掠之后扬长而去like the others.[07:03.81][07:05.42]他有自己的计划He's got his own plan.[07:07.33][07:09.59]烟草的利润很高并且在英国国内很有市场There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.[07:13.60][07:17.56]他带来了一批南美烟草的种子He's arrived with a supply of South American tobacco seeds,[07:20.98]但当时只有西班牙殖民地出产这种作物but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies.[07:24.72][07:26.72]西班牙人因此控制了烟草国际贸易The Spanish control the worldwide trade. [07:29.81][07:31.79]在当时向外国人出售烟草种子会被处以死刑Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death.[07:35.92][07:37.47]但约翰·罗尔夫还是想办法弄到了一些But John Rolfe has got his hands on some. [07:40.20]没人知道他是怎么做到的No one knows how.[07:42.10][07:43.17]在切萨皮克湾的暖湿气候And in the warm, humid climate[07:44.98]和肥沃土地的滋养下and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay,[07:47.25][07:48.20]罗尔夫的烟草长势喜人Rolfe's tobacco crop flourishes.[07:50.99][07:52.11]这些烟草种子带来的首次大丰收The first large harvest produced by these seeds [07:55.19]即使放在今天价值也超过一百万美元is worth more than a million dollars in today's money.[07:58.50][07:58.65]美国前进的伟大动力就是我们的人民The great strength of America is our people. [08:02.02]如果你想知道如何定义美国前进的动力If you wanna know what it is the defining strength of America,[08:04.25][08:02.18]科林·L·鲍威尔将军[前美国国务卿][08:06.18][08:04.25]答案就是我们的人民我们的移民传统it is our people, our immigrant tradition, [08:08.01]我们兼容并蓄的文化our bringing in cultures from all over the world.[08:11.60]我知道成功是怎么回事I know what goes into making success.[08:14.22]真正的成功很少是运气的因素And when somebody's really successful, it's rarely luck.[08:18.86][08:14.50]唐纳德·J·特朗普[美国地产大亨][08:19.50][08:18.86]而是天分智力还有许多其它的因素It's talent, it's brain power, it's lots of other things.[08:23.30][08:23.83]罗尔夫娶了波瓦坦部落联盟首领的女儿Rolfe marries the daughter of the king of the Powhatan Empire.[08:27.70][08:29.73]她的名字已成为传奇波卡洪塔斯Her name becomes legend: Pocahontas. [08:33.88][08:34.89]罗尔夫使她在英国家喻户晓In England, Rolfe makes her a celebrity[08:37.04]她的肖像被当做新世界生活的广告when her face is put on a portrait that sells all over London,[08:40.38]在整个伦敦热卖advertising life in the New World.[08:42.96][08:46.03]莎士比亚在作品中提起过殖民地Shakespeare mentions the colony.[08:48.05][08:48.06]英国的有钱人都往这里投资England's rich invest money here.[08:50.39]所有的伦敦人都知道这片富饶的土地All of London knows about this land of plenty. [08:54.09][08:58.68]在两年内烟草进入了千家万户的菜园Within two years, tobacco grows in every garden.[09:02.67][09:04.30]詹姆斯敦由人间地狱变成了美国第一座兴旺之城From a living hell, Jamestown isAmerica's first boomtown.[09:09.47][09:13.66]两年后又有近一千名移民来到了这里Two years later, nearly 1,000 more settlers arrive,[09:17.25]其中的19人来自非洲西部including 19 from West Africa.[09:20.18][09:21.32]奴隶Slaves.[09:22.47][09:24.87]但其中一些人后来在弗吉尼亚有了自己的土地But some go on to own their own land in Virginia.[09:28.22][09:33.37]在詹姆斯敦建立12年后12 years after the founding of Jamestown,[09:36.49][09:33.80]小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][09:38.80][09:36.49]黑人在殖民地的形成过程中起到了重要作用Africans were playing a shaping role in the creation of the colonies.[09:42.56]这一点非常惊人That's pretty incredible.[09:44.38][09:45.47]30年后弗吉尼亚的移民超过了两万人30 years later, there are over 20,000 settlers in Virginia.[09:49.91][09:51.75]可以说没有烟草就没有美国America is founded on tobacco.[09:54.80][09:55.14]在接下来的一个半世纪里For the next century and a half,[09:56.99][09:57.00]它一直是这块大陆最主要的出口产品it's the continent's largest export.[09:59.36][10:11.41]在罗尔夫抵达詹姆斯敦的十年后Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, [10:14.92]又有一批英国移民登上了北美大陆another group of English settlers lands in North America.[10:18.38][10:25.94]他们在一处荒凉的海滩靠岸They come ashore on a deserted beach[10:28.94]这里距詹姆斯敦的海岸有450英里450 miles up the coast from Jamestown, [10:32.18]他们把此地命名为"普利茅斯" and call the place Plymouth1,[10:34.62]以纪念他们起航的英国港口after the English port they sailed from.[10:37.61][10:39.29]他们是移民大潮里的另一朵浪花These are a different breed of settler,[10:42.14]一群信仰不同但都热爱生活的人a group of religious dissidents with faith at the center of their lives.[10:46.65][10:49.57]他们成功横渡了危险的大西洋They made the dangerous Atlantic crossing,[10:51.85]希望能在新世界找到信仰自由seeking religious freedom in the New World.[10:54.82][10:58.90]24岁的印刷学徒爱德华·温斯洛24-year-old apprentice printer Edward Winslow [11:02.96]是和一群清教徒一起arrives with a group of religious sectarians[11:06.70]乘坐"五月花号"来到这里的on a boat called the Mayflower.[11:09.65][11:11.64]1621年4月他们的殖民地逐渐成型By April 1621, their settlement is taking shape. [11:16.43][11:16.57]"五月花号"返航英国The Mayflower returns to England.[11:19.96][11:25.18]他们只能在这片陌生的土地上自力更生了The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.[11:29.60][11:30.75]我们充满希望与热情地A great hope and inward zeal we had[11:34.14]在这块遥远的土地上of laying some great foundation[11:36.45]为子孙后代的繁衍生息for the propagating and advancing[11:38.48]和天国福音的传播the gospel of the kingdom of Christ,[11:40.28][11:40.38]奠定坚实的基础in those remote parts of the world.[11:43.13][11:44.41]十九个家庭They're 19 families.[11:46.52]饲养着山羊鸡猪狗Goats, chickens, pigs and dogs.[11:50.07][11:50.08]他们还有手纺车椅子书籍和枪支They have spinning wheels, chairs, books, guns.[11:55.20][11:56.97]而且没有回头路And no way home.[11:58.88][11:59.08]只要把这个地方描绘成机遇之地If you create this environment as a land of opportunity,[12:02.85][12:02.74]迈克尔·道格拉斯[著名演员][12:07.74][12:02.85]就能吸引到那些then you're gonna attract those type of people[12:07.35][12:07.36]愿意冒险愿意赌一回的人who wanna take that risk, who have-- wanna take that gamble[12:12.20]和那些坚信生活会更好的人and who believe in a better life.[12:16.01][12:17.22]他们的目的地原本是哈德逊河口They were heading for the Hudson River,[12:19.71]然而靠岸地点却向北偏了200英里but they've landed 200 miles further north [12:23.33]时间正是初冬at the beginning of winter.[12:25.36][12:27.71]当时正值一个小型冰期They have arrived in the middle of a mini ice age,[12:30.68]气温普遍比现在低2度temperatures 2 degrees colder than today.[12:33.92][12:37.00]冬天更长适合作物生长的时间更短Winters are longer, growing seasons shorter. [12:40.71][12:48.01]土地贫瘠The soil is poor.[12:49.94][12:50.23]颗粒无收Little grows.[12:51.94][12:52.42]食物严重短缺Food supplies run low.[12:54.60][12:57.58]在前三个月中超过一半的清教徒死于饥荒In the first three months, more than half the Pilgrims die.[13:01.14][13:04.93]威廉·布莱福特是一位社区总督William Bradford is the governor of a community [13:07.93]他所辖的社区很快陷入了困境soon in desperate trouble.[13:09.77][13:10.58]上帝似乎喜欢每天以死亡问候我们It pleased God to visit us with death daily. [13:14.77][13:14.99]疾病蔓延Disease was everywhere.[13:17.41][13:17.69]活着的人几乎没有力气埋葬死人The living were scarcely able to bury the dead. [13:21.29][13:21.76]有时一天就有两三个人去世They died sometimes two or three a day.[13:24.99][13:25.44]在这一百多人中只有不到五十人幸存下来Of 100 and odd persons, scarce 50 remained.[13:30.49][13:32.26]有时只有六个人能有足够的力气At times, only six are fit enough[13:36.22]继续盖房子to continue building their shelters.[13:37.45][13:40.11]苏珊娜·怀特的丈夫死于第一年冬天Susanna White's husband dies that first winter. [13:43.28][13:46.15]爱德华·温斯洛的妻子也在一个月后去世Edward Winslow's wife perishes a month after.[13:49.61][13:51.46]几个星期后怀特和温斯洛结婚了Within weeks, White and Winslow marry. [13:54.55][13:55.78]他们后来有了五个孩子They'll have five children.[13:57.59][13:59.61]在今天超过10%的美国人Today more than 10% of all Americans[14:03.11]家谱可以追溯到"五月花号"上can trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. [14:06.06][14:16.58]普利茅斯一度成为了他们所寻求的避难所For a time, Plymouth provides the sanctuary they sought.[14:20.56][14:20.83]爱德华Edward![14:22.80][14:23.07]爱德华Edward![14:24.96][14:25.42]爱德华快去看看那边Edward, please go and look over there![14:28.54][14:29.61]但和詹姆斯敦一样他们也不是这里的主人But like Jamestown,there were others here first.[14:33.69][14:44.37]1621年4月April 1621.[14:47.15][14:47.36]清教徒们来到新世界已经五个月了The Pilgrims have been in the New World for five months.[14:50.51][14:50.55]只有一半的人挺过了第一年冬天Barely half survive the first winter.[14:53.47][14:54.55]但他们不是第一批来到这片海岸的欧洲人But they're not the first Europeans to arrive on this coast.[14:58.46][15:00.12]五年前欧洲轮船带来了白人移民和瘟疫Five years before, European ships brought light-skinned people and plague.[15:06.21][15:06.37]几乎九成的原住民因此丧生Almost nine out of ten of the local people are wiped out.[15:10.20][15:19.28]波卡诺基特人不需要敌人The Pokanoket people don't need enemies.[15:22.42]他们和清教徒和平共处They make peace with the Pilgrims.[15:24.74][15:25.73]他们教会了英国人They teach the English[15:27.33]如何用鱼做肥料在沙土中种庄稼how to grow crops in sandy soil, using fish for fertilizer.[15:31.33][15:34.99]但他们想要回报But they want something in return.[15:37.27][15:38.60]他们有一个宿敌另一个敌对部落They have a common enemy--a rival tribe. [15:42.43][15:42.55]而英国人拥有强大的武器And the English have powerful weapons.[15:45.74][15:52.87]清教徒们并不是军人The Pilgrims aren't soldiers.[15:54.89]但在这个新世界But in the New World,[15:56.44]他们不得不为了生存而战they have to fight to survive.[15:58.34][16:02.73]1621年8月14日On August 14, 1621,[16:05.50]清教徒和波卡诺基特人准备联手Pilgrims and Pokanoket, shoulder to shoulder, [16:08.98][16:08.99]发动一次突袭will launch a surprise attack[16:11.45]这次突袭将决定他们在这片土地的未来that will seal their future in this new land. [16:14.52][16:14.54]这次一共出动了14名男子It was resolved to send 14 men,[16:17.48]装备精良well-armed,[16:18.98]准备在深夜一举擒下这个部落and to fall upon them in the night.[16:21.14][16:21.93]首领下了命令不要放过任何一个The captain gave charge: Let none pass out. [16:26.50][16:50.71]对方部落猝不及防The rival tribe doesn't know what hit them.[16:53.88][16:55.95]被团团包围Surrounded,[16:57.48]对英国枪火毫无还手之力they have no answer for English firepower.[16:59.98][17:01.37]波卡诺基特人和清教徒们Pokanoket and Pilgrims[17:03.20]找到了彼此之间的共同点find common ground...[17:04.54][17:05.23]也发现了共同生存的机会and a chance to survive.[17:07.32][17:14.14]意想不到的同盟结成了Two unlikely allies.[17:16.72]这种同盟关系在北美极为罕见A partnership all too rare in North America. [17:20.69][17:22.67]我们发现印第安人We have found the Indians[17:24.62]非常遵守与我们达成的和平公约very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. [17:28.03][17:28.11]他们没有任何宗教信仰They are people without any religion[17:30.39]不知神灵为何物or knowledge of any God,[17:32.29]却非常值得信赖yet very trusty,[17:34.82]反应很快quick of apprehension,[17:37.58][17:37.59]机智无比而且有极强的正义感ripe-witted... and just.[17:40.34][17:41.78]他们的胜利给殖民地带来了Their victory brings[17:43.72][17:43.73]很长一段时间的和平a period of peace to the colony.[17:45.18][17:45.23]他们以一场盛宴来庆祝彼此的友谊Their friendship is celebrated in a feast. [17:48.42][17:48.51]那就是感恩节的由来In time, it will become known as Thanksgiving.[17:52.23][17:53.16]开拓美洲的目的之一One of the main themes in the founding of America[17:56.53][17:53.63] 鲁道夫·W·朱利安尼[前纽约市市长][18:02.80][17:56.53]是为了找一个可以扩大生意was a place to do business,[18:00.71]扩展视野的地方a place to expand your horizons,[18:02.80]一个可以过你自己愿意过的生活 a place to live a life of your own,[18:05.01]信仰自己愿意信仰的宗教的地方practice your own religion.[18:06.95]这些基本理念Those are the basic themes[18:09.07]使得许多人飘洋过海来开拓殖民地that brought people to these shores to colonize. [18:12.79][18:18.82]这是一个繁荣时代的开端It's the start of a period of prosperity,[18:22.02]将完全改变北美that will transform North America.[18:24.23][18:27.50]从詹姆斯敦和普利茅斯开始From Jamestown and Plymouth,[18:29.74]殖民者的后代遍布整个大陆their descendants grow across the landscape.[18:32.55][18:37.06]越来越多的人越过大西洋As more and more people cross the Atlantic--[18:40.08]成千上万thousands, tens of thousands,[18:43.04]不同背景的人带着不同的理由来到这里people with different backgrounds, different reasons for being here...[18:47.80][18:51.58]美利坚成为了全世界的人都渴望到达的地方America becomes the place for everybody from everywhere.[18:55.34][18:58.16]大家孤注一掷Rolling the dice,[18:59.74]汇聚到一起形成了最初的13个殖民地coming together to create 13 colonies. [19:03.11][19:03.72]农业从詹姆斯敦传播到了南方From Jamestown, agriculture spreads across the South,[19:07.94]以前脏乱的小农庄也变成了大的种植园农场dirt farms transform into sprawling plantations.[19:12.01][19:12.88]爱尔兰人德国人和瑞典人不断向前推进Irish, Germans,and Swedes push back the frontier.[19:17.33][19:19.40]荷兰人将他们的生意带到了The Dutch bring commerce to[19:20.77]哈德逊河口处的一个小岛上a small island at the mouth of the Hudson River. [19:23.62][19:25.74]后来这里被命名为纽约In time, it will be named New York.[19:28.99][19:30.34]比起留在欧洲的同胞The colonists are 2 inches taller,[19:32.56]移民们平均要高2英寸也更加健康and far healthier, than those they left behind in Europe.[19:36.24][19:36.52]平均每个清教徒家庭养了8个小孩The Puritans average eight children,[19:39.86]孩子活到成年的比例是欧洲同胞的两倍and they are twice as likely to survive to adulthood.[19:43.13][19:44.14]比欧洲同胞更富有20% They are 20% richer[19:46.15]赋税只相当于英国本土的1/4 and pay only 1/4 of the taxes of those in England. [19:49.70][19:49.83]许多人仍然认为自己是英国人Many still think of themselves as British,[19:52.93]但是随着一代一代的成长but each generation grows[19:54.89]这种意识越来越淡薄further from its roots.[19:56.24][19:57.77]这一现象在波士顿尤为突出Nowhere more so than Boston.[20:00.35][20:01.37]1768年5月9日May 9, 1768.[20:04.37][20:04.47]到了约翰·罗尔夫首次烟草收成以来的第七代Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest,[20:08.27]英国人想要分更大的一杯羹the British want a bigger piece of the action.[20:11.72][20:17.26]英国海关官员发动了对"自由号"的突袭A British customs official springs a surprise raid on The Liberty,[20:21.47]它是约翰·汉考克的船a ship belonging to John Hancock,[20:24.37]他是波士顿最富有的人之一one of the richest men in Boston.[20:26.20][20:28.73]但汉考克的船员另有企图But Hancock's crew has other ideas.[20:31.64][20:38.70]他们偷运了100桶进口酒不想交税They're carrying 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty.[20:44.05][20:46.22]对于远在3000英里以外的国王It's a radical act of rebellion[20:48.43]此举不啻于公然的抗税against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away.[20:53.04][20:55.00]对于英国当局来说他们就是走私To the British, they're just common smugglers. [20:58.56][20:59.84]这场贸易前哨战改变了一切This mall skirmish changes everything.[21:02.74][21:02.75]英国当局扣押了汉考克的船The British seize Hancock's ship,[21:04.95]此举引发了整个波士顿的骚乱triggering riots that sweep through Boston.[21:07.87][21:08.12]我们不想缴税给国王We didn't wanna pay taxes to a king[21:10.88]不想缴税给一个我们没有发言权and to a parliament where we didn't have a voice,[21:13.68][21:10.98] 阿伦·索尔金[剧作家][21:14.88][21:13.68]也没有任何议员代表我们的议会and we didn't have any representation.[21:15.54][21:16.18]我们美国人天生就对政府有种怨恨We have a natural resentment toward government,[21:18.75]也正因此我们才得以独立which was how we were born.[21:22.35][21:24.41]英国国王派了4000名士兵到波士顿去执法The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws.[21:29.64][21:30.64]波士顿是贸易之城文化之城Boston was a city of commerce, culture,[21:34.68]文明之城也是革命之城civilization, and revolution,[21:36.70] 小亨利·路易斯·盖茨[哈佛大学非洲和非裔美国人研究所所长][21:41.45][21:36.70]就是在殖民者到来之后英国人到来后unfolding right before the eyes of the colonists[21:39.45]发展起来的and the eyes of the British.[21:41.54][21:49.73]1768年10月October 1768.[21:52.24][21:52.42]英国士兵紧紧钳制着波士顿British soldiers clamp down on Boston,[21:55.47]它是通往大英帝国的关键港口a port crucial to the British Empire...[21:58.28][21:59.34]也是全球商业贸易的枢纽and a hub of global trade and commerce.[22:02.39][22:07.92]它的造船厂是世界最繁忙的船厂之一Its dockyards are some of the busiest in the world,[22:11.13]利用美国海量的木材储备年产200艘船producing 200 ships a year from America's vast timber reserves.[22:16.58][22:18.77]英国1/3的船都是在殖民地建造的1/3 of all British shipping is built in the colonies. [22:22.79][22:25.60]木材供给支持着全球经济的发展Timber fuels the global economy...[22:28.20][22:29.74]就像当今的石油一样much like oil does today.[22:31.97][22:38.23]整个新英格兰境内Across New England,[22:40.12]最高最粗壮的树都被做上了记号marks identify the tallest, strongest trees[22:42.51]他们将被用来建造英国船只selected by the crown for British ships.[22:45.32][22:47.12]英国的大部分森林已不复存在England has lost most of its forests.[22:49.98][22:50.22]所以把目光投向了美国的森林It wants American wood.[22:52.25][22:56.95]在波士顿每四个市民就有一名英国士兵In Boston, there's one redcoat for every four citizens.[23:01.18][23:02.14]整个城市完全被控制了It's a city under occupation.[23:04.64][23:07.12]保罗·里维尔是一名银匠Paul Revere is a silversmith[23:10.07]也是波士顿知名大商人之一and one of Boston's prominent businessmen...[23:12.04][23:12.51]一点都不像危险分子an unlikely subversive.[23:14.81]傲慢的英国兵浩浩荡荡地进城They formed and marched with insolent parade, [23:17.93][23:18.82]军乐阵阵旗帜飞扬drums beating, fifes playing, and colors flying,[23:23.01]每名士兵都配发了16发弹药each soldier having received 16 rounds of powder and ball.[23:27.30][23:27.49]他是典型的中上层阶级He is an upper-middle-class figure,[23:30.67]全靠自身努力奋斗得到现有的一切someone who has risen through his own efforts, his own talent.[23:34.20][23:34.21]他代表了这样一群人He represents what we have created on our own[23:37.62][23:35.67]理查德·诺顿·史密斯[乔治梅森大学历史学家][23:37.67][23:37.62]几乎不靠英国亲友帮忙白手起家with very little help from our cousins across the Atlantic.[23:42.14][23:42.31]但是当北美革命一触即发时But when revolution comes to North America... [23:45.03][23:47.44]里维尔将身处革命的最前沿Revere will beat the center of it.[23:50.39][24:57.08]包括波士顿在内的13个殖民地Boston and the 13 colonies[24:59.40]可以说是英国经济发展的发电站are an economic powerhouse,[25:01.55]对英国来说至关重要critical to Britain.[25:02.94][25:07.36]英国出口的物品将近40%都来到了美国Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America.[25:12.33][25:15.58]捕鱼船队将成千上万吨的腌鳕鱼运往加勒比海The fishing fleet ships thousands of tons of salted cod to the Caribbean.[25:20.15][25:22.96]又将糖和糖蜜运往英国Returns with sugar and molasses...[25:25.51][25:25.68]那些都是制作朗姆酒的原料raw material for rum.[25:27.89][25:28.96]每一项进出口贸易都要向英国交税Taxed by the British after every exchange. [25:32.38][25:35.73]在非洲朗姆酒被当作货币In Africa, rum is the currency used[25:38.06]可以用来购买最赚钱的货to purchase the most profitable cargo of all...[25:41.23][25:45.82]非洲黑奴African slaves.[25:47.87][25:49.41]在1700年到1800年间Between 1700 and 1800,[25:52.39]超过25万的非洲人被运往美国殖民地more than 1/4 of a million Africans are brought to the American colonies.[25:57.03][25:57.28]大都是被强迫做了奴隶而非自愿前去More slaves than all those who came of their own free will.[26:01.24][26:05.15]大部分人被送往南方大种植园Most wind up on large plantations in the South. [26:08.69][26:08.80]不过黑人对美国北方经济发展也至关重要But they're also critical to the economy of the North.[26:11.99][26:12.10]波士顿10%的人口是黑人10% of Boston's population is black.[26:15.82][26:16.54]波士顿就像一个大熔炉气氛越发紧张Boston is a melting pot, and tension is building.[26:20.53][26:21.41]没有人喜欢自己家里有侵略者Nobody likes invaders in their homes.[26:23.68] 安妮特·戈登·里德[罗格斯大学历史学教授][26:30.78][26:23.68]让外国人来到这片土地To have people here, foreigners on your soil,[26:27.57]某种程度上反而激励了人们去战斗is something-- is a great incentive for people to fight.[26:30.78][26:32.24]1770年3月5日March 5, 1770.[26:34.60][26:35.49]持续三天的动乱后After three days of unrest,[26:37.68]一群暴民游荡在大街小巷中an angry mob roams the streets.[26:40.31]成百上千的人没了工作Hundreds of men who lost their jobs[26:42.16]他们聚集到国王街咒骂英国当局and blame the British gather on King Street [26:46.09][26:46.79]和八个被下令不准开枪的英国士兵对峙and face off against eight redcoats with orders not to fire.[26:51.55][26:53.07]接下来发生的事情彻底改写了美国历史What's about to happen will change America forever.[26:57.46][26:58.78]17岁的制假发学徒A 17-year-old wig maker'sapprentice,[27:01.02]爱德华·加里克点燃了导火线Edward Garrick, lights the fuse.[27:04.47][27:09.18]战斗是这样开始的This is how wars start.[27:11.95][27:20.49]兄弟们上Come on, let's have it![27:22.91][27:26.09]士兵休·蒙哥马利被打了一棒Private Hugh Montgomery is hit with a club.[27:29.11][28:04.48]非裔美国人克里斯珀斯·阿塔克斯An African-American, Crispus Attucks,[28:08.12]当场死亡dies instantly.[28:08.81][28:12.58]大家跑啊Everybody, run![28:14.36][28:31.13]硝烟散尽时又死了四个人When the smoke clears, four more are dead.[28:34.74][28:37.91]波士顿如何回应将改变历史的发展进程How Boston reacts will change the course of history.[28:41.84][28:45.69]既是银匠Silversmith[28:46.20]又是政治激进分子的保罗·里维尔and political radical Paul Revere[28:48.76]雕出了英国士兵在波士顿街头captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists[28:50.54]杀死五个殖民地人的画面in the streets of Boston.[28:53.76][28:55.28]他的雕刻将加速革命的爆发His engraving will fuel the fires of revolution[28:58.88]愤怒之火迅速在13个殖民地之间蔓延开来as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies.[29:02.98][29:04.11]波城愤怒子民叹Unhappy Boston see thy sons deplore,[29:08.73]圣街竟遭血污玷thy hallowed walks besmeared with guiltless gore,[29:12.19]贼子帮凶多残忍whilst faithless Preston and his savage bands,[29:15.98]恶爪锋利乱伤人with murderous rancor, stretch their bloody hands.[29:20.09][29:23.24]世界上最强大的军队The most formidable army in the world[29:25.40][29:25.41]对着一群手无寸铁的人疯狂扫射firing on an unarmed crowd.[29:28.77]这幅震惊世人的画有个一目了然的标题An explosive image with a title that says it all:[29:34.08]波士顿惨案"The Bloody Massacre."[29:35.73][29:36.11]有一个古老的笑话There was the old joke,[29:37.44][29:37.45]给我一幅画我还你一场战争"You give me a picture, I'll give you a war."[29:39.45]那些想挑起事端表明立场Those who wanted to stir things up and to make a statement[29:43.80][29:39.45] 迈克尔·R·彭博[纽约市市长][29:46.03][29:43.80]甚至可能领导革命的人and maybe even lead a revolution,[29:46.03]通过这样能团结很多人站在他们那一边it made them able to rally others to their side.[29:50.08][29:51.72]消息迅速传播开了News spreads fast.[29:53.72]移民们都是热心的读者The colonists are avid readers,[29:56.11]源自最初普利茅斯清教徒读圣经的传统 a legacy from the first Bible-reading Puritans in Plymouth.[29:59.93][30:00.52]波士顿有美国的第一份周刊Boston has the first weekly newspaper.[30:03.78][30:04.63]当时此地已经有了40多家报刊机构There are now more than 40 papers across the colonies.[30:08.31]加上新的邮政署署长本杰明·富兰克林And the new postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin...[30:11.98][30:12.97]已经建立起了一个革命性的邮政递送系统has introduced a revolutionary postal-delivery system.[30:16.52][30:19.49]连夜递送可以节省一半的时间Night riders cut the delivery time in half.[30:22.88][30:24.73]将各个殖民地联系到一起的联系网The communications network connecting the colonies[30:27.72]是当时世界上最好的is one of the best in the world.[30:30.00][30:30.55]英国当局对此一无所知And the British have no idea.[30:33.53][30:34.55]他们希望这个消息能够被压下来They hope the news can be contained.[30:37.15][30:39.03]在消息传到英国之前Before news reaches England,[30:40.90]绝大多数的美国人都已经知道了波士顿惨案most of America knows about the Boston Massacre.[30:44.28][30:44.37]这充分体现了一种美国精神It's a very American spirit of an idea,[30:47.20][30:45.50] 吉米·威尔士[维基百科创始人之一][30:50.12][30:47.20]那就是每个人都有权利去获取真相this idea that everybody should have access to knowledge.[30:50.12]这很像那个开创性的想法It's very much like that pioneering idea,[30:53.31]即每一个人应该能够开创属于自己的路everybody should be able to make their way in the world.[30:56.39]无论是康涅狄格的印刷工人A printer in Connecticut[30:57.97]还是北卡罗来纳的农民can read the exact same story[31:01.07]都能读到同样的消息as a farmer in North Carolina.[31:02.00][31:04.76]1773年12月December 1773.[31:07.29]《波士顿公报》曝出了另一件事"The Boston Gazette" breaks another story, [31:09.65]这将助长叛乱的火焰that will fan the flames of rebellion.[31:12.21][31:14.60]愤怒和不满的情绪日益高涨The rising tide of anger and resentment[31:17.08]英国不得不采取行动forces England's hand.[31:19.35][31:19.53]他们取消了所有的税收They repeal all taxes...[31:21.90][31:23.53]不过仍保留了茶叶税except one, on tea.[31:26.05][31:27.69]这远远不够It's not enough.[31:29.28][31:29.83]美国历史上最著名的反抗运动之一In one of the most famous acts of resistance in American history,[31:33.56]反抗者将价值逾百万美元的茶叶倾入波士顿港Rebels dump over $1 million worth of tea in Boston Harbor.[31:38.59][31:39.70]如果有人前来冒犯When someone comes along and smacks us,[31:42.83][31:42.70] 汤姆·布罗考[原NBC新闻主播][31:44.59][31:42.83]我们不会逆来顺受we don't turn the other cheek.[31:45.24][31:45.86]这不是我们的性格That's not who we are.[31:47.52][31:50.76]快点Move it![31:52.13][31:52.69]英国人为此关闭了波士顿港The British respond by shutting down Boston Harbor... [31:56.19][31:59.99]这个美洲最繁忙和富庶的港口之一one of America's busiest, wealthiest ports. [32:03.98][32:12.74]走吧小伙子Come on, lad.[32:14.11][32:15.57]数百人失业Hundreds lose their jobs.[32:17.93][32:19.73]英国人决意要扼杀所有来自The British mean to strangle any resistance[32:22.16]马萨诸塞州这个不服管治的殖民地的反抗from the rebellious colony of Massachusetts.。
我们的故事,不止一个的作文哎呀呀，咱们的故事那可真是多得像天上的星星一样数都数不过来呀！
就说我和我的好朋友小明吧，那家伙，可有意思啦！有一次，我们一起去公园玩，看到一个大大的湖，我就说：“嘿，小明，这湖可真大呀，像一面大镜子似的。
”小明立马接话：“可不是嘛，感觉都能装下好几个我们啦！”然后我们就开始沿着湖边跑啊跑，嘻嘻哈哈的笑声传得老远老远。
还有一次，在学校里，我不小心摔倒了，膝盖都磕破了。
我疼得眼泪在眼眶里直打转，这时候，我的同桌小红赶紧跑过来，扶起我，还一边安慰我：“哎呀，没事啦没事啦，不就是摔了一跤嘛，你可是个坚强的孩子呀！”然后她帮我处理了伤口，我心里暖暖的，感觉伤口都没那么疼了呢。
再说说我们的老师吧，那可真是像妈妈一样关心我们。
有一回我考试没考好，心里特别难受，都不敢抬头看老师。
可是老师并没有批评我，而是轻轻地摸摸我的头说：“别灰心呀，一次没考好不算什么，下次努力就好啦，我相信你能行的！”听了老师的话，我就像打了鸡血一样，暗暗下定决心一定要好好学习。
我们的故事还有很多很多呢，和同学们一起做游戏，一起参加活动，每一个瞬间都那么难忘。
我们的故事，不止一个，每一个都那么精彩，那么独特。
这些故事就像一颗颗珍珠，串成了我们美好的童年回忆。
我会好好珍惜这些故事，珍惜和大家在一起的每一刻！。
我们的故事我们的故事（一）平静的生活容易让我想起你，一直以来我都认为学业的紧张会让我忘记你，香烟的味道可以慢慢地让我忘记你的味道。
但只要一停下来，却发现自己是那么的可怜，我一直都告诉别人我是一个安静的人，但也许最怕孤独的人就是我吧！你有你的倔强，我有我的骄傲。
我们从不妥协，我们的菱角都让彼此遍体鳞伤。
我累了，你也累了。
再见面的时候，我们行同陌生人。
以前的誓言难道都不算了吗？也许痞子菜有句话说对了，20岁不到的年龄，说爱是一种浪费更是一种奢嗜。
哼哼`我苦笑到，是的，我们还小，没资格说爱。
也许你不是我遗失的那根肋骨，所以我们无法结合。
你曾说过下辈子我们都不要改名字。
哼哼，今生都没可能，还谈什么来世！我在抽烟，我在思念！总感觉烟能让我安静下来，没事的时候，一个人在那吞云吐雾，看这它慢慢飘到上方，然后慢慢的没见了，但留下了它的味道。
也许它会感觉没有白来到这世界。
那我呢！是怎样的。
现在我已经对你麻痹了，我们之间没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不珍惜谁？！我习惯着和不爱的人做朋友，因为我不希望分手后看着自己爱的人与别人在一起。
你也许会笑我傻或是自私吧！但我不是伸，爱情是自私的！我们的故事（二）也许，我们会因为这个世界上，有一个人相互认识，所以天涯海角的我们，就有机会结识。
或许因此，我们也会成为真正的好朋友，我也曾经觉得，这样的道理，根本就是不说就懂的。
那一次聊天，也完全是因为偶然。
我们可以在一起唱歌，可以在一起出去吃一顿火锅，也许那是不断地在考验我们自己，同时，也是在考验这段感情的脆弱性。
我们根本就不知道，什么时候才是个尽头，而这所有的结束，根本就不需要其他人，来告诉自己更多，因为在内心，就应该有一个非常符合自己标准的内心公平。
那样的道理，那样的唯美。
也许是因为，今天大家的心情都很好，所以过往的那些回忆都没有了什么斤斤计较，那些不愉快的事情，似乎也都开始变成了一个人无法忘记的过往。
也许，我们根本就不知道，在我们平时无法触及的那些角落，到底都在发生什么样的事情，都如同我们最初的那一天一样，我也希望自己变得很有钱，能够让自己的亲人在想要什么东西的时候，可以不用考虑价格，不用考虑那么多的因果，就能够满足他们的愿望。
作文我们的故事800字初一我们的故事每个人都有自己的故事，而我们的故事则从初一开始。
我们来自不同的地方，有的是本地人，有的则来自其他城市或者乡村，但是我们都来到了这所学校，也就开始了我们的初中生活。
在这个新的环境中，我们开始浸润着变化和挑战。
在这个学校里，我们经历了许多难忘的时光。
我们一起学习，一起玩耍，一起分享生活的点滴。
我们的日常生活散发着青春的气息，充满着好奇、憧憬和期待。
初中生活不仅给予了我们知识，也让我们体验到了友情、爱情和成长的感觉。
我们的故事也充满着变化和探索。
从小学到中学，我们进入了一个新的阶段。
我们开始适应新的学习模式和生活方式，也开始培养自己的独立思考能力。
我们体验到了集体生活中的责任感和担当，同时也明白了个人的力量和作用。
在这个过程中，我们逐渐成长为独立自主、有责任心和有担当的人。
我们的故事同样也充满挑战和竞争。
每个人都有自己的优势和不足，但这也是我们互相配合、互相帮助、并且相互促进的机会。
我们可以相互学习，相互切磋，同时也可以激发出我们自身的潜力。
在这样的竞争和挑战中，我们不仅明白了成功的含义，也明确了自己的目标和方向。
我们的故事充满了生机和活力，同时也充满着感动和温情。
我们有着自己的梦想和理想，也有了自己的目标和愿望。
我们用自己的行动去实现它们，同时也用自己的付出和奋斗去铸造它们。
在我们的故事中，会有不少瞬间能够令我们对人生有新的体悟和感悟，也让我们更加坚定地朝着自己的梦想和理想前进。
我们的故事是我们的，也是与这所学校紧密相连的。
在这个新的环境中，我们选择着自己的前进方向，也在这里迎来了自己人生中的第一次成长。
虽然我们的故事只是刚刚起步，但是我们相信，它会越来越精彩，也会越来越有意义。
我们未来的道路或不同，但我们的故事却会一直延续下去。
