Unit 22 3D PrintingI. lead-inInformation related to the textDo you know what additive Manufacturing is? It is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day…human tissue. Common to AM technologies is the use of a computer, 3D modelling software (Computer Aided Design or CAD), machine equipment and layering material. Now, let’s study key words and phrases of the text together.II. Word Study1. additive ['ædɪtɪv] adj. 附加的；[数] 加法的n. 添加剂，添加物1) Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives. 对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。
2) The process of cultural development is additive. 文化发展是一个累积的过程。
3) But the additive's effects on humans are dire. 但此添加剂对人体的影响是可怕的。
4) We can use the additive property of the integral. 我们可利用积分的可加性。
2. fabricate ['fæbrɪkeɪt] vt. 制造；伪造；装配1) All four claim that officers fabricated evidence against them 四人全都声称警察捏造证据陷害他们。
2) All the tools are fabricated from high quality steel. 所有工具均由精钢制成。
3) You will work in groups to fabricate devices and collect data. 你将在一个小组中工作，一起制作器件和收集数据。
3. encompass [ɪn'kʌmpəs; en-] vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成1)The map shows the rest of the western region, encompassing nine states.地图上显示了西部地区的其他部分，包括9个州。
2)Your launch philosophy should encompass plans for both the long and sh ort terms. 你的发行理念应该包括长期和短期的计划。
3) His repertoire encompassed everything from Bach to Schoenberg.他能演奏从巴赫到勋伯格的所有作品。
4. envision [ɪn'vɪʒn] vt. 想象；预想1) In the future we envision a federation of companies我们设想将来会成立一个公司联盟。
2) This is what I envision what a Chinese house in Beijing could be.这是我想象中可以在北京出现的中式房屋。
3) I closed my eyes and tried to envision what it was I wanted to paint.我闭上眼睛，试着去想象我要画的东西。
5. incorporate [ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt] vt.组成公司；包含vi.包含；吸收；合并1) There’s more than one way to learn, so be sure to incorporate different methods in your training. 有不止一种的学习方法，所以，一定要在你的训练课程中吸收不同的方法。
2) The idea was that whatever facts the business wanted to incorporate in the rules, they'd be available to the service. 其基于的想法是，无论业务部门希望在规则中包含任何事实，这些事实都对服务可用。
3) When I returned home after the workshop, I tried to incorporate all these principles in my paintings. 当我从那个工作室回到家时，我试着将他所提出的这些原则都包含进我的绘画里。
6. selective [sɪ'lektɪv] adj.精心选择的；选择的，不普遍的；淘汰的1) Sales still happen, but buyers are more selective 销量仍在，但购买者更加挑剔。
2) We seem to have a selective memory for the best bits of the past 我们似乎只记得过去最美好的时光。
3) The information is selective, concise, and to the point. 报告中的信息有选择性和针对性，且简明扼要。
III. Language Points1. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day…human tissue.译文：增材制造（AM）是描述这种3D物体生成技术的一个恰当名字：通过一层一层的添加材料来生成物体，这些材料可以是塑料、金属、水泥甚至有一天会使用人体的组织。
说明：这是一个复合句。
句中that build 3D …material是定语从句，修饰technologies，whether则引导状语从句修饰build。
appropriate to 表示“适合于；相称于；与……一致”，又如：1）She gave a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她作了很合时宜的讲话。
2）His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合.2. At MIT, where the technology was invented, projects abound supportinga range of forward-thinking applications from multi-structure concrete tomachines that can build machines.译文：在AM技术的发明地麻省理工学院，有大量的项目来支持一系列的前瞻性的应用，从多结构混凝土到可以制造机器的机器。
说明：这是一个复合句。
主句主语是projects, abound是谓语动词，“富于，充满”的意思。
At MIT为地点状语，where引导的定语从句修饰MIT。
supporting a range of …machines为分词短语做状语，修饰动词abound。
该分词短语中that引导的定语从句修饰它前面的machines。
句中concrete 表示“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的vi. 凝结”，例如：1）The path is paved with concrete slabs. 这条路是用混凝土板铺成的。
2）Various concrete measures were enumerated in the plan. 计划中列举了各种具体办法。
3）This is all abstract and not concrete. 这太抽象了，一点都不具体。
3. Whether simple or sophisticated, AM is indeed amazing andbest described in the adding of layer-upon-layer, whether in plastic, metal, concrete or one day…human tissue.译文：无论是简单还是复杂，AM确实令人惊叹，以一层一层添加的方式对这个令人惊叹的工艺进行了最好呈现，无论是采用塑料、金属、混凝土或者有一天……人体组织。
说明：这是一个包含有两个让步状语的简单句。
AM是主语，is 为系动词，amazing and best described 分别为形容词和动词过去分词做表语，whether (the material adopted is) in plastic, metal, concrete or one day…human tissue为让步状语，可以看作在whether后边省略了the material adopted is；而在句首Whether simple or sophisticated，可以看成在Whether后面省略了(it is)的让步状语，用来修饰主句谓语is indeed amazing。
Whether作连词，表示“是否；不论；无论”。
又如：1）Whether you realize that or not，he would do it in that way. 不论你认识到没有，他都会那样做。
2）Consider also whether you have all of the relevant information. 还要考虑你是否拥有所有的相关信息。
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