2012高考英语语法复习专题

2012高考英语语法：注意宾语从句的语序和时态一、注意引导词的正确选用用于引导宾语从句的词语有：1. 连词that, whether, if等，其中that没有任何意义，也不能做句子的任何成分，在非正式的场合常被省略;whether, if虽然不做句子的任何成分，但是它们有一定的意义，不能省略。

2. 连接代词 what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever, whom, whose等，它们均有自己独立的意思，且在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。

3. 连接副词when, where, how, whenever, wherever, however 等。

4. 短语连接词how much, how many, how long, how often, how soon, how far 等。

二、注意宾语从句的语序宾语从句跟其他从句一样，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序。

如：He asked where Li Lei was that morning. 他问李雷今天早晨在哪儿。

I don’t know what she is doing now. 我不知道她现在在干什么。

三、注意宾语从句的时态当主句为一般现在时的时候，从句可根据具体情况选用各种合适的时态;当主句为一般过去时的时候，从句必须要用相应的过去时。

如：Do you know why he was late this morning? 你知道他今天早晨迟到的原因吗?I don’t know when he will leave for Shanghai. 我不知道他将什么时候去上海。

H e said that he didn’t see the film last night. 他说他昨晚没看那场电影。

但是，当宾语的内容表示一种永恒的客观事实或真理时，宾语从句须用一般现在时。

专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。

英语中的冠词有两种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a和an。

二、用法1．不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源，是―一个‖的意思。

a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前，均表示泛指。

(1)表示―一个‖，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。

A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。

As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English－Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。

a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2．定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有―那(这)个‖的意思，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。

Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。

The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。

the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar―美元‖；the fox―狐狸‖。

与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人。

2012届高考英语最后冲刺语法专题精品主谓一致模块一：考纲解读掌握主谓一致三原如此：语法一致原如此、意义一致原如此、就近一致原如此。

模块二：考点定位注意仔细把握特殊名词作主语在和主谓倒装的句子中的主谓一致情况。

模块三：命题分析最常见的形式是主谓一致的考查；分数和百分数作主语、数量词作主语仍将是考查重点〔as well as; together with; along with; not only…but also…; rather than; neither…nor…; either…or…; the number of与a number of等要特别关注〕；模块四：语法训练Ⅰ. 夯实根底一. 选用括号中词的适当形式填空：1.The class__________(be)is not very big.2.20 minutes __________(be)not enough for us.3.Three pieces of news __________(be) announced on TV.4. All but Li Dong have __________(have)passed the test.5.There __________(be) a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.二.把下面的句子翻译成汉语：1.The news is interesting.2.Is either he or you going there?3.Why she did it remains a puzzle.4.The family enjoy singing and dancing.5.The number of the students in our school is 2000.Ⅱ．能力提升１．_____either he or I to leave for America?A. IsB.AmC.AreD.Will2. No one has finished his homework,________?A.have theyB.haven’t theyC.has heD.hasn’t he3. There comes the bus,_______?A.doesn’t thereB.doesn’t itC.does itD.are there4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?A.isn’t sheB.isn’t itC.aren’t theyD.isn’t he5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?A.is itB.isn’t itC.will theyD.do they6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.A.wereB.wasC.areD.is7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in the case.A.isB.areC.hasD.have8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.A.likeB.likesC.are fond ofD.loved9.The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A．has B．do C．is D．are10.Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A．are B．is C．have D．be11.—Several department stores, including the one we usually go to, ________ sidewalk sales this week.—Let's go and have a look.A．is having B．are havingC．has D．have had12.Butter and bread ________ their daily food, but the bread and the butter ________ up now.A．is; is eatenB．are; have been eatenC．are; are eatenD．is; have been eaten13.An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper's offer. Such ________ the case with us at present.A．are; is B．has been; has beenC．have been; is D．is; ar14.Britain ________ many other industrialized countries, ________ major changes over the last 100 years.A．together with; have experiencedB．as well as; have experiencedC．in common with; has experiencedD．instead of; has experienced15.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________ for their son's bad behaviour at school.A．are to blame B．is to be blamedC．are to be blamed D．is to blame16.—We'd like a double room, please.—I'm sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view ________.A．have been reservedB．has been reservedC．were reserved D．has reserved17.So far a series of problems ________ brought about by this decision.A．have B．hasC．have been D．has been18.The sheep farmer used their dog to ________ the cattle that ________ eating thegrass here and there.A．drive up; was B．pick up; wereC．round up; was D．round up; were19.WHO, together with the medical workers in the different parts of the world, ________ trying to find a way to prevent the disease H1N1 from ________.A．is; spreading B．are; spreadingC．are; spread D．is; spread20. The number of children who have lost both parents to Aids ________ to rise, reaching more than 26 million in 2010.A．are expected B．expectC．is expected D．expectsⅢ．瞄准高考1.〔2011安徽〕27The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2.〔2011湖南)26One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is3.〔10全国Ⅱ〕Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn4.〔10湖南〕Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have5.〔10四川〕Such poets as Shakespeare _______widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are；areB. is；isC. are；isD. is：are6.〔09山东〕 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been7.〔09四川〕 The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was8.〔09湖南〕 Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be9.〔09陕西〕Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to10.〔09江西〕According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ______ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as11.〔09辽宁〕Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost his.A. as much twice asB. twice as much asC. much as twice asD. as twice much as12.〔08陕西〕—Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area______invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was13.〔07江西〕A survey of the opinions of experts______ that three hours of outdoor exercise a weekgood for one’s health.A.show; areB.shows; isC.show; isD.shows; are14.〔07湖南〕We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks____so small that a day is unimportant.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been15.〔07陕西〕As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ____.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair16.〔07某某〕 A survey of the opinions of experts ____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are17.〔06辽宁〕The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going18.〔06〕She went to the bookstore and bought .A.dozen booksB.dozens booksC.dozen of booksD.dozens of books19.〔06安徽〕Most of what has been said about the Smiths____ also true of the Johnson.A.areB.isC.beingD.to be20.〔06江苏A poet and artist____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were模块五：误区指津答案详解：Ⅰ. 夯实根底一.1.is. 2.is 3.were 4.have 5.is二.1.这条消息令人感兴趣。

专题十一情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词一、定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。

二、特点1．有一定词义；2．不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3．与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除ought to作固定词组看待)。

情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。

个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。

情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。

基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。

三、用法1．can (could)Everyone here can speak English. (表能力)He can't / couldn't have seen her there. (表猜测)He could have gone home. (表猜测)Could / Can I use your pen?Yes, of course you can. (表允许)How can you be so careless? (表怀疑、惊异，主要用于否定、疑问句)Can / Could you lend me a hand? (表委婉发表观点)2．may (might)You may take whatever you like.(表允许，证据更委婉)注：在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don't. / You'd better not. / No, you mustn't.等，以免显得太严谨或不客气。

They might be having a meeting, but I'm not sure. (表可能)3．mustYou must buy a ticket. (表义务，意为“必须”)注：回答Must...? 引出的问句时，肯定回答用must; 否定回答不能用mustn't, 而要用needn't 或don't have to。

专题七非谓语动词一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。

它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1．分词(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。

I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路)I saw him walk across the road. (看到过了马路的全过程)(2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了)The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上)注意：不定式有表将来之意。

The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(将要被钉在墙上)(3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without引导的介词短语表达。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home.2．动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。

(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。

但作主语不行。

2012届高考英语专题总复习语法精粹that用法详解纵观十年高考，that是高考试卷中每年必考的一个单词。

它或是作为正确答案，或是作为干扰项出现在试题中。

本文拟就that的常见用法进展全面透析，期望能为广阔考生的复习备考提供一些有益的帮助。

一、that用作副词[解题指导]that用作副词修饰形容词、副词，相当于so。

[典型例句]I earn little money each month, so Ican't afford that dear a car．[考题回顾]〔年广东卷〕Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always _______ much to do.A ．such B. that C．more D ．very．析：选B。

that用作副词相当于so。

原题暗含意思为“虽然不很多，但还是有那么多〞。

二、that用作代词[解题指导]1.that用于代替前面提到的名词，以防止重复。

用以代替带定冠词〔the〕或限定词的可数名词单数或不可数名词，表特指，其后常有修饰语，常用于比拟句型。

[典型例句] The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Dalian in winter.〔that代替不可数名词weather)[考题回顾]〔年江苏卷〕I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _______ in the city．A ．ones B．one C ．that D．there析：选C。

that代替不可数名词the air，用于比拟句型，in the city为后置定语。

［解题指导］2．that用作指示代词或限定词，指较远的一个“那，那个〞，或指上文已提到的两点中的前一点，其后一点用this表示。

2012届高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。

[eg：this is the book （which）you want。

]2而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

2012届高考英语语法复习专题资料：句子结构及成分陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句, 感叹句句子按用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can’t she?3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句，主语通常为you,省略.Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class4）感叹句：how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（划线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。

）2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十二：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和moｓt 来构成比较级和最高级。

2．少数单音节副词,加er,eｓt构成其比较级和最高级。

几个特殊的形容词和副词ｆarfａrｔhｅr, fuｒtheｒfarthｅsｔ,fｕrtｈer old oldｅr, elｄeｒｏldｅst,eldeｓt 比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as原形ａｓ(as 原形＋名词aｓ) The train travelｓas fａst ａs tｈｅ３:5５ｔｒain. He hａs nｏt asｍu ｃh moｎeｙａｓhｉｓｆｒｉenｄ.不及nｏt as(ｓo) 原形aｓ(not aｓ[so]＋名词＋原形as )Sｈeｉｓnoｔas (sｏ)beautiful asheｒsistｅr．比较级+ tｈanＨeａlth is morｅimｐortanｔｔhanwｅalth.超越thｅ+比较级+ｏf the tｗｏ两者中较… 的一个He isｔhｅｔaller of ｔhｅｔwo.用于否定nｏ＋比较级+tｈan和…一样不Ｈe is no ricｈeｒｔhan Ｉ.他和我一样不富有。

用于否定最…不过His wｏrk couldn't bｅwoｒsｅ．他的工作再糟糕不过了。

程度递增eｒaｎd eｒ，ｍｏre aｎdmore+多音节词原级(越来越…）higｈer andｈigｈer more aｎd moreｉmporｔant两种情况同时变化thｅ+比较级,the＋比较级（越…，越…）The quiｃｋｅr youｇｅt rｅａdｙ，tｈe ｓoonerｗe'll be able to leaｖｅ.三者或三者以上比the +最高级+oｆ／ｉn+比较范围（…之中最…)Of all thinｇs iｎthe woｒld，pｅopｌｅare ｔhe ｐｒeｃｉｏｕｓ．较比较级结构的修饰语ﻫ 1.用于原级之前:ﻫalｍｏｓt, nｅａrlｙ, just，eｘａctly, ｑuiｔe, haｌf , twiｃｅ,thｒeｅtimｅs，a third,etc.ﻫＪoｈn iｓａｌmoｓtａｓtalｌas you.The riveｒｉｓthree tiｍes as lonｇａs that one.ﻫWe haveａthｉrｄaｓｍａｎy stuｄentｓａs wｅhａd lａstｔerm.2．用于比较级前ﻫｍａｎy, a fｅw (用于"more+可数名词"前）Iｔtａkes many morｅhoｕrs ｔo gｏtherｅbyｔｒａin tｈaｎbyｐlane.a lot, mｕch，a bｉt, even，ａｌiｔtle ，still, a ｇｒeat dｅａｌ,fａr，ｒａther, tｗo years, tｅｎperceｎt,threｅｔｉmes etc．ﻫIｔ's coｌd this yｅａr,bｕt ｉt＇s evｅn ｃoｌder last year.ﻫＷe pｒodｕced ６% ｍorｅｇrａin this ｙear thａｎwe dｉd last year.３．用于形容词和最高级前ｔhe veｒy ，much the ,by faｒthe，ｔhe ｆiｒst/ｓeｃondTｈｉs hat isｂy ｆaｒｔhｅlａｒgｅst ｉn the woｒld.ﻫGoｌd is the vｅry most vaｌuable of all mａtｅｒiａｌs ．位置与功能高考重点要求ﻫ1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法ﻫ2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。

代词(三课时)代词的分类1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselvesthemselves3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which5.相互代词:each other ,one another6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another, something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。

2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。

3．掌握it的基本用法。

一．人称代词1）分清主格和宾格形式。

eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A．you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me2)注意约定俗成的用法。

---Who is it ? ---It's me ．---I'd like to have a rest ．---Me，too．3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等China is a great country．She has a long history．5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I；we，you and they二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。