并列句与复合句
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并列句与复合句
一:并列句
1. 并列句概述
含有两个或两个以上独立分句的句子叫做并列句。这些独立分句处于平等、互不依从的并列地位。英语并列句不能只用逗号隔开,需要用分号或并列连接词连接。另外,一个句子中如果有两个以上的并列分句,而且要用同样的并列连词时,通常只在最后一个句子前用这个连词,其他分句之间用逗号。
Tom went to college but Jack joined the army.
Henry has already left,Sally is going to leave,but I haven’t made my decision
yet.
2. 并列句的类型
⑴表示并列关系的并列句
我们常见的表示并列关系的连词有:and,both…and,not only…but also…,as
well as ,neither…nor等。
Sports not only keep a man healty but they (also)give him team spirit.
We are watching TV and the others are listening to the radio.
Neither did I know about it nor did I care about it.
⑵表示转折关系的并列句
我们常见的表示转折关系的连词有:but,while,yet,wherea,still,when
I got up early,(and)yet I failed to catch the early bus.
He must be about sixty,wherea his wife looks about thirty.
⑶表示选择关系的并列句
我们常见的表示选择关系的连词有:
or,or else,otherwise,either…or…,not…but…,等。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
The workers were cheerful,or at least they apeared to be cheerful.
⑷表示因果关系的并列句
我们常见的表示因果关系的连词有:for,so,thus,therefore. for表示原因,对前面的情况加以解释,用逗号把它与前面的分句分开;so表示结果,意为“因此,所以,于是”。
We had better stay at home ,for it is raining.
It was late,so we went home.
⑸表示时间关系的并列句
指用并列连词when连接两个分句而构成的并列句,表示“就在这时突然”。
I was about to leave when the telephone.
二.复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。但是从句也有主语和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导,起到联系从句和主句的作用。
1. 复合句的类型
名词性从句 主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句 定语从句
副词性从句 状语从句
2.复合句的引导词
从属连词 that(无词义),whether(是否),if(假如,是否),because(因为)
Although/though(虽然),when(当…的时候),before(在…之前)
after(在…之后),since(既然,自从),as(正如,尽管,一边,由于)
while(在…期间),as soon as(一…就),as long as(只要),as
if(好像)
连接代词 who,whom,which,what,whose
连接副词 when,where,why,how
关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that
关系副词 When,where,why