MECHANOTRANSDUCTION DURING CELL ADHESION ANALYZED BY COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
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jtmUiMeKR l f2021'心40⑵:269-75-269-前后miRNA的差异表达[J].江苏医药,2015(8):880-883'864.[25]KACHGAL S,PUTNAM A J.Mesenchymal stem cells fromadipose and bone marrow promote angiogenesis via distinct cytokine and protease expression mechanisms&J].Angiogene-sR'2011,14(1):47-59.[26]GU H J,GUO F F,ZHOU X,et al.The Tiniulotn ot osto-genicdieeeniiaiion o\human adipose-deeived siem ce e s by ionie products from akermanite dissolution via activation of ihe ERK p(ihw(y[J].Biom(ieeies,2011,32(29):7023-7033.[27]KASIRR,VERNEKARVN, LAURENCINCT.Regeneeiiveengineering of carRGge using adipose-derived stem cells[J].R'g'n Eng T eans eM'd,2015,1(1-4):42-49.[28]RAYP,TORCKA,QUIGLEYL,'paeaiiv'ieansceip-tme profiling of the human and mouse dorsal not ganglia:an RNA-seq-based resource for pain and sensory neuroscience research[J].Pain,2018,159(7):1325-1345.[29]GERMAN S J,BEHBAHANI M'MIBTTINEN S,et al.PnlReration and dRferentiaUon of adipose stem cells towards smooth muscle cells on poly(WiRethyTne carbonate)mem-beanes[J].MaceomoeSymp,2013,334(1):133-142.[30]SUN Y Y,LUB L,DENG J C,et al.IT-7enhances the dRfer-entiation of adipose-derived stem cells toward lymphatic en-dotheTai cells through A K T signaling&J].Cel l Biol Int, 2019,43(4):394-401.[ 31]HELLSTROM M, PHNGLK,HOFMANNJJ,eia.D A4sig-naUing through Nothl reaulates formation of tip ce—s duringangiogenesis[J].Na iu ee,2007,445(7129):776-780.[32]KIM JH,PEACOCK M R,GEORGE S C,eia.BMP9inducesEpheinB2eapee s ion in endoiheiaAcesiheough an AG1-BMPRI I ActRI I-ID1/ID3-dependent pathway:implications for henditaR hemorrhagic tTngiecmsib type II[J].Angiogenesis,2012,15(3):497-509.&33]殷令妮,陈德宣.PI3K/Akt通路在低氧诱导脂肪干细胞增殖和向内皮细胞分化中的作用& J].中国组织工程研究' 2020,24(19):3004-3009.[34]VOLZ A C,HUBER B,KLUGER P J.Adipose-de eived siemcell diRenntiation as a basic tol for vascularized adipose Rs-sue engineering[J].DiRenn/aUon'2016,92(1-2):52-64.[35]DOLDERERJH,MEDVEDF,HAAS RM,eiae.Angiogenesisand vascueaeisaiion in adiposeii s ueengineeeing[J].Handchi eMik eochi eP,2013,45(2):99-107.[36]KAYABOLENA,KESKIND,AYKANA,eiae.Naiiveeaieacellular matWa/Pbroin hydrogels for adipose tissue engineer-ingwiih enhanced vascueaeieaiion[J].Biomed Maiee,2017, 12(3):035007.[37]PARK I S,KIM S H,JUNG丫,0oT EndoOelial diffennRuiion and vascu ogenesisinduced byiheee-dimensionaAadi-pose-deeived siem ce e s[J].AnaiRec(Hoboken),2013,296(1):168-177.[ 38]MAZINIL,ROCHETTEL,ADMOUB,eiae.Hopesand eimiis ot adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and mesenchymal siem ce e s(MSCs)in wound heaeing[J].IniJMoeSci, 2020,21(4):1306.•综述・严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒*与横纹肌溶解症韦湛海,吕海芹(东南大学医学院,江苏南京210009)&摘要]新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的世界性大流行疾病'严重威胁人类健康。
2 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.01.028细胞器之间相互作用在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发生发展中的作用刘天会首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肝病中心,北京100050通信作者:刘天会,liu_tianhui@163.com(ORCID:0000-0001-6789-3016)摘要:细胞器除了具有各自特定的功能外,还可与其他细胞器相互作用完成重要的生理功能。
细胞器之间相互作用的异常与疾病的发生发展密切相关。
近年来,细胞器之间相互作用在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发生发展中的作用受到关注,特别是线粒体、脂滴与其他细胞器之间的相互作用。
关键词:非酒精性脂肪性肝病;细胞器;线粒体;脂肪滴基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070618)RoleoforganelleinteractioninthedevelopmentandprogressionofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseLIUTianhui.(LiverResearchCenter,BeijingFriendshipHospital,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100050,China)Correspondingauthor:LIUTianhui,liu_tianhui@163.com(ORCID:0000-0001-6789-3016)Abstract:Inadditiontoitsownspecificfunctions,anorganellecanalsointeractwithotherorganellestocompleteimportantphysiologicalfunctions.Thedisordersoforganelleinteractionsarecloselyassociatedthedevelopmentandprogressionofvariousdiseases.Inrecentyears,theroleoforganelleinteractionshasattractedmoreattentionintheprogressionofnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease,especiallytheinteractionsbetweenmitochondria,lipiddroplets,andotherorganelles.Keywords:Non-alcoholicFattyLiverDisease;Organelles;Mitochondria;LipidDropletsResearchfunding:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(82070618) 细胞器可以通过膜接触位点与其他细胞器相互作用,完成物质与信息的交换,形成互作网络[1]。
人类活动产生的废弃物中也含有大量的纤维素,如农业废物( 稻草、稻壳、麦杆、花生壳、玉米芯、棉籽壳、甘蔗渣等)、食品加工废物(果皮、果渣等)、木材废物(木屑、树皮)以及城市废弃物(40%~60% 固体废物自然界中细菌、真菌、某些无脊椎动物,直至高等植物中都有纤维素酶的存在
具有高比活力的动物性纤维素酶的研究随着对纤维素酶研究的不断深入,“动物自身不含纤维素酶”这一传统理论被推翻,动物纤维素酶成为纤维素酶研究的热点。
1998年,Smant等用分子生物学的方法,从两种不同种属的植物寄生的线虫中得到了4个内切B一1,4一葡聚糖酶(EG)的cDNA;证明了动物体内确实存在内源性的纤维素酶。
中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所从福寿螺(Ampullafia crossean)的胃液中纯化到了一种分子量约41.5 kD具有葡聚糖内切酶、葡聚糖外切酶以及木聚糖酶等多种酶活力的多功能纤维素酶并命名为EGX.从福寿螺卵巢中克隆
由9个外显子和8个内含子组成的该基因组片段,这被认为是迄今为止在动物中发现的第一个具有潜在应用价值的多功能纤维素酶¨。
找到适合于工业生产的、高活性的纤维素酶是目前将纤维素物质转化为再生能源的关键点,动物性纤维素酶的研究为我们增添了一个解决问题的方向。
有报道指日本一家实验室从甲虫中得到一种葡聚糖内切酶水解羧甲基纤维素(CMC.Na)的比活力可高达150 IU/mg 。
血清VCAM-1在炎症性疾病中的表达发布时间:2022-06-05T12:46:20.173Z 来源:《医师在线》2022年1月1期作者:王禹婷冯澜通讯作者张轶潇粟仑[导读]王禹婷冯澜通讯作者张轶潇粟仑(佳木斯大学附属第一医院感染内科;黑龙江省佳木斯154000)摘要:炎症性疾病存于人类生命中,给人体健康带来了严重危害。
炎症反应是机体对于各种刺激的一种防御应答,可引起肺部、胃肠道、泌尿系统等多个疾病[1]。
抵抗炎症反应的过程受到宿主严密调控。
较弱的炎症反应导致病原体的短暂性感染,而过度的炎症反应则能造成慢性全身系统性疾病[2]。
VCAM-1是细胞内黏附分子中的一种,是免疫球蛋白超家族的主要成员,主要分布在白细胞和血管内皮细胞等处,是判断机体内皮功能损伤的一种炎症指标[3]。
关键词:炎症性疾病;炎症反应;VCAM-11 VCAM-1的来源VCAM-1即CD106,是一种 90-kDa 糖蛋白,主要在内皮细胞中表达。
1989 年,将VCAM-1定义为内皮细胞表面糖蛋白[4,5]。
VCAM-1表达是由促炎细胞因子(包括 TNFα)、ROS、氧化低密度脂蛋白、高浓度葡萄糖、toll 样受体激动剂和剪切体等激活[6]。
在某些慢性炎症疾病中,VCAM-1在其他细胞表达,包括组织巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、骨髓成纤维细胞、肌纤维母细胞、卵母细胞、库普弗细胞、睾丸支持细胞和癌细胞[7,8]。
从结构上看,人类VCAM-1包含一个具有六个或七个免疫球蛋白(Ig)样结构域、一个跨膜结构域和一个细胞质结构域,而小鼠VCAM-1具有三个或七个Ig样结构域[6,9]。
胞外结构域的Ig样结构域既包含二硫键连接的环,也包含与嗜酸性粒细胞上的半乳糖凝集素-3结合的N-糖基化位点[6,9]。
除半乳糖凝集素-3外,VCAM-1的Ig样结构域1和(或)4还参与配体结合,包括α4β1整合素和α4β7整合素[6,9]。
α4β1整合素在VCAM-1介导的白细胞与内皮细胞的滚动和牢固粘附以及白细胞迁移中起主要作用[10,11]。
摩擦纳米发电激发光动力学英文回答:Frictional nanogenerators (FNGs) are devices that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the process of triboelectric effect. They work by utilizing the frictional forces between two different materials to generate a charge imbalance, which can then be harvested as electricity. FNGs have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in self-powered systems and wearable electronics.The study of the photodynamics of FNGs involves investigating the light emission properties that occur during the frictional process. When two materials rub against each other, they generate not only electrical energy but also light emissions. These light emissions can provide valuable information about the underlying mechanisms of FNGs and can be used to optimize their performance.One example of the photodynamics of FNGs is the generation of triboluminescence. Triboluminescence refers to the emission of light when certain materials are subjected to frictional forces. This phenomenon has been observed in various materials, such as sugar crystals, quartz, and certain types of plastics. When these materials are rubbed or crushed, they emit a brief burst of light. The exact mechanism behind triboluminescence is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to involve the breaking of chemical bonds, the release of stored energy, and the recombination of charged particles.Understanding the photodynamics of FNGs can have practical implications in the development of more efficient and reliable nanogenerators. By studying the light emissions during the frictional process, researchers can gain insights into the energy conversion mechanisms and identify ways to enhance the overall performance of FNGs. For example, by optimizing the materials used in FNGs, it may be possible to increase the intensity or duration of the light emissions, leading to higher energy output.中文回答:摩擦纳米发电激发光动力学是研究摩擦过程中发生的光发射特性的学科。
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第五章硝基精氨酸手性转化和立体选择性代谢的关系手性药物在体内代谢的过程中体内代谢蛋白结合率及清除速率方面存在差异作为天然氨基酸精氨酸的衍生物Wang等在麻醉大鼠体内证实了这种差异的存在为此本文将应用清醒大鼠考察体内硝基精氨酸的手性药代动力学但是对于氨基酸手性转化与异构体代谢差异之间的关系一直无研究探讨D-amino acid oxidase, DAAO400 mg/kgµ«²»Ó°Ïì´óÊó¶ÔL-硝基精氨酸(N G-nitro-L-arginine, L-NNA )的升压反应甚至代谢过程本研究应用毛细管电色谱对苯甲酸钠在硝基精氨酸的手性转化和代谢动力学的影响进行考察- 66 -1 材料和方法1.1 药物和主要试剂D-NNA (吉尔生化上海有限公司L-NNA和天门冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯(aspartame) (Acros, 比利时)D-NNA和L-NNA均溶解于5%的葡萄糖注射液完全溶解需要至少20 min的超声反相毛细管柱(上美国通微分析技术有限公司C18海通微分析技术有限公司)购自中国科学院上海实验动物中心在左上缘大腹股沟切口公司PE50管经实施股静脉插管美国Becton Dickinson背部皮下从颈背部引出200 U/ml缝合切口插管大鼠随机分为四组n = 10)400 mg/kg, n = 1020 min后32 mg/kg,10所有的药物均通过插管给予n = 1016 mg/kg, n = 以确保在插管内无药物残留0.331247 h采血200 ìlÀëÐÄÖÆ±¸Ñª½¬Ã¿´Î²ÉѪºó- 67 -- 68 -1.5 血浆D/L-NNA的CEC检测100 ìl 血浆样品以10倍体积甲醇/丙酮(V/V=1:1)沉淀蛋白离心15minÓÃ100 ìl 醋酸缓冲液(pH 5.0)溶解为样品液具体方法见第二章1.6 数据处理应用药代动力学软件DAS 1.0 (皖南医学院)中非房室模型对所获得的血药浓度-时间数据进行拟合D-NNA 向L-NNA 的手性转化率用下面这个公式来计算Area Under CurvePang and Kwan, 1993; Hasegawa et al., 2002F D-NNA L-NNA = L-NNA 由D-NNA 代谢生成量 D-NNA 给药量 = CL DL ·AUC D-NNADose D-NNA(1)其中CL DL 为D-NNA 代谢为L-NNA 的清除率按照物质守恒原则转化来L-NNA 的变化= CL DL ·C D-NNA - CL L-NNA ·C L-NNA from D-NNA (2)其中CL L-NNA 为转化而来L-NNA 的总清除率由于在最初时间体内无L-NNA2CL DL其中AUC L-NNA from D-NNA 为D-NNA 给药后转化成的L-NNA 的AUC- 69 -的L-NNA 后CL L-NNA =Dose L-NNAAUC L-NNA(4)由等式和F D-NNAL-NNA=AUC L-NNA from D-NNA / Dose D-NNAAUC L-NNA / Dose L-NNA(5)实验数据均以x ± SEM 表示P < 0.05被认为差异有显著性血药浓度通过CEC 手性配体交换法进行检测大鼠血浆内只检出L-NNA 而无D-NNA(1A)图2和图3为大鼠给予D-NNA 或L-NNA 后D-NNA 和L-NNA 血药浓度-时间变化曲线L-NNA 在血浆中迅速被检测到血药浓度达到 5 µg/mlͬʱδ¼à²âµ½L-NNA 的手性转化现象在大鼠血浆中可迅速检测到D-NNA 和L-NNA 的出现血浆中的L-NNA 浓度超过D-NNAL-NNA 的血药浓度达到峰值µg/ml约给药后3小时但L-NNA1993的血药浓度则一直维持在3~5 µg/mlD-NNA到L-NNA的手性转化率为应用DAS 1.0软件拟合血药浓度曲线表1其中D-NNA的差异显著(P < 0.05)与L-NNA 在大鼠体内的的清除率和T1/2P > 0.05)的代谢动力学特点图1 毛细管电色谱检测大鼠体内D/L-NNA血药浓度的典型图谱Fig 1 Typical chromatograms of 60 min after administration of N G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, A) and N G-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA, B) in rats. 1: L-NNA, 2: D-NNA.- 70 -图2 大鼠静脉给予L-NNA后的血药浓度-时间变化曲线Fig 2 Mean plasma concentration–time curve of N G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) a fter i.v. administration of L-NNA (16 mg/kg) in rats pretreated with saline solution (0.9%, 4 ml/kg). n = 5 in each groups. All readings are mean ± SEM.图3 大鼠静脉给予D-NNA后的血药浓度-时间变化曲线Fig 3 Mean plasma concentration–time curve of N G-nitro-arginine enantiomers after i.v. administration of N G-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA, 32 mg/kg) in rats pretreated with saline solution (0.9%, 4 ml/kg). n = 5 in each groups. All readings are mean ± SEM.- 71 -- 72 -2.2 苯甲酸钠对D/L-NNA的手性转化和动力学的影响图4显示对于预先注射给予苯甲酸钠的大鼠大鼠血浆内只检出L-NNA 而无D-NNA(4A) 1Aµ«Ô¤ÏȸøÓè±½¼×ËáÄÆºó60 min 后大鼠血浆则只检出D-NNA图5和图6为在预先给予苯甲酸钠大鼠体内的L-NNA 或D-NNA 的药动学曲线400 mg/kg16 mg/kg或L-NNA 图6ÓëÆäĸÌ廯ºÏÎïÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÒì¹¹Ìå¾ùδ±»¼ì³öL-NNA 的代谢动力学曲线与在对照组大鼠的药动学曲线相似在给药后3 h²¢ÔÚ7 h时图4 毛细管电色谱检测预先给予苯甲酸钠的大鼠体内D/L-NNA血药浓度的典型图谱Fig 4 Typical chromatograms of 60 min after administration of N G -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, A) and N G -nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA, B) in rats pretreated with benzoate (400 mg/kg). 1: L-NNA, 2: D-NNA.图5 预先给予苯甲酸钠大鼠静脉给予L-NNA后的血药浓度-时间变化曲线Fig 5 Mean plasma concentration–time curve of N G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) after i.v. administration of L-NNA (16 mg/kg) in rats pretreated with benzoate (400 mg/kg). n = 5 in each groups. All readings are mean ± SEM.图6 预先给予苯甲酸钠大鼠静脉给予L-NNA后的血药浓度-时间变化曲线Fig 6 Mean plasma concentration–time curve of N G-nitro-arginine enantiomers after i.v. administration of N G-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA, 32 mg/kg) in rats pretreated with benzoate (400 mg/kg). n = 5 in each groups. All readings are mean ± SEM.- 73 -表1是D-NNA和L-NNA的相关药动学参数与之相反L-NNA在照组大鼠和苯甲酸钠大鼠体内的药动学参数的差异则无统计学意义(P > 0.05)Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÑо¿Ö¤Ã÷ÊÖÐÔÒ©ÎïÔÚÌåÄڵĴúл¿ÉÄܾßÓÐÁ¢ÌåÑ¡ÔñÐÔ²îÒì±½±û°±ËáÔÚÈËÌåÄÚ(Lehamann et al., 1983)Dolle, 2000- 74 -在大鼠体内的异构体选择性差异先后被证实这也提示这个非天然氨基酸的代谢应该存在异构体选择性差异获得了不同异构体的相关药动学参数这与我们先前动物药效实验证实的D-NNA在体内具有L-NNA 40%的升压活性(Wang et al., 1991)和麻醉大鼠体内40%的转化 (Wang et al., 1999)相一致D-NNA和L-NNA药动学参数的显著差异也表明D-NNA和L-NNA的体内代谢有显著的异构体选择性 vs 0.19 ± 0.04 L/h/kg0.98 0.07µ«Í¬Ê±ÇåÐÑ´óÊóºÍÂé×í´óÊóµÄ½á¹ûÓÖ¶¼·´Ó³³öÌåÄÚD-NNA清除速率约为L-NNA清除速率5倍清醒与麻醉大鼠体内硝基精氨酸异构体清除率和半衰期的不同也从另一方面证实麻醉可导致血液流速因此药物在麻醉动物体内的代谢为此在考察药物代谢动力学特别在同时结合药效学考察时由此得出的数据结果才能更为真实的反应药物代谢清除的情况3.2 苯甲酸钠对于D-NNA代谢的影响Lehmann等报道人口服D-[2H]-苯丙氨酸5同时约有30%的原型化合物从尿液中排出- 75 -上海交通大学博士学位论文- 76 -从尿液中清除的药量约为0.25 %(Lehmann et al., 1983)ËùÓÐÕâЩ½á¹û¾ù֤ʵÉöÔàÊÇD 型氨基酸的体内清除器官也进一步表明肾脏是D-氨基酸在体内的主要清除器官我们认为DAAO 酶活力改变影响了D 氨基酸在体内的手性代谢与清除Nohara et al., 2002而且另有研究证实Asakura and Konno, 1997在给予0.5%的D-丙氨酸饲养后但肾脏DAAO 对于D-NNA 及其他D 型氨基酸的氧化及手性转化是否造成硝基精氨酸异构体代谢差异的唯一或主要原因却不得而知我们发现DAAO 的选择性抑制剂苯甲酸钠可完全消除大鼠对D-NNA 的升压反应因此我们认为苯甲酸钠可能影响了D-NNA 的手性转化利用苯甲酸钠可在体内有效抑制DAAO 生物活性这一特性实验中但大鼠对其表现出良好的耐受性这与静脉给予苯甲酸钠的大鼠丧失对D-NNA 的药效学实验结果一致减缓了清除率和提高了AUC但基本不影响L-NNA 的代谢这说明D-NNA 到L-NNA 的单向手性转化并非造成体内硝基精氨D-硝基精氨酸体内手性转化机制的研究- 77 -酸异构体代谢差异的唯一原因证实大鼠静脉给予D-[2H 7]亮氨酸后而á-酮酸到L-[2H 7]亮氨酸的转化率约为40%(Hasegawa et al., 2002)DAAO 催化氧化作用下而后部分生成的酮酸再在转氨酶作用下生成L-NNA ÒÖÖÆÁËÌåÄÚDAAO½ø¶øÊ¹×ª»¯ÎªL-NNA 的量更少以至于低于现有方法的检测下限苯甲酸钠虽然可以完全抑制D-NNA 的手性转化所以也不能绝对消除DAAO 对于D-NNA 代谢清除的影响考察体内DAAO 氧化在造成硝基精氨酸代谢的异构体选择性中所起的作用试验更进一步发现苯甲酸钠使D-NNA 在大鼠体内的手性转化完全阻断但并未能使D-NNA 和L-NNA代谢的异构体选择性差异消失而且也是硝基精氨酸在体内代谢立体选择性差异的主要原因之一这种体内大分子的选择和识别性某一化合物的对映异构体在生物体内的药理活性体内代谢存在显著的差异美国FDAÈÕ±¾µÈÒÑÒªÇóÔÚÉ걨¾ßÊÖÐÔµÄÐÂҩʱ¶¾上海交通大学博士学位论文理学和药物动力学资料手性药物在体内的动力学过程具有立体选择性如转运载体决定了手性分子不同异构体间的药动学参数存在差异曾苏当用DAAO 酶抑制剂苯甲酸钠阻断D-NNA的手性转化后这就暗示我们在进行手性药物体内代谢动力学研究时那么就表明其中某一对映体可能具有一条独有的代谢通路另一方面应用了DAAO抑制剂苯甲酸钠发现苯甲酸钠可显著影响D-NNA的体内代谢清除从而证实硝基精氨酸在体内代谢立体选择差异的部分源于D-NNA在DAAO催化下的手性转化因此我们的实验结果提示在进行异构体代谢研究时可利用较低成本较快的揭示一些与代谢差异相关的酶学基础- 78 -。
提升壳聚糖细胞粘附能力的方法提升壳聚糖细胞粘附能力的方法的英文和中文描述如下:英文描述:Methods to Enhance Chitosan's Cell Adhesion CapabilityChemical Modification: By introducing functional groups or moieties that promote cell adhesion, the chitosan surface can be modified to enhance its interaction with cells.Blending with Other Biomaterials: Blending chitosan with other biomaterials, such as gelatin or collagen, which have excellent cell adhesion properties, can improve the overall adhesion capability of the composite material.Surface Topography Modification: Altering the surface topography of chitosan, such as creating micro- or nano-patterns, can influence cell adhesion by providing more anchoring points for cells to attach.Plasma Treatment: Plasma treatment can introduce polar groups on the chitosan surface, improving its wettability and, consequently, its cell adhesion properties.Coating with Adhesive Proteins: Coating the chitosan surface with adhesive proteins like fibronectin or laminin can significantly enhance cell adhesion by providing specific binding sites for cell receptors.中文描述:提升壳聚糖细胞粘附能力的方法:化学改性:通过引入促进细胞粘附的功能基团或部分,可以改性壳聚糖表面,以增强其与细胞的相互作用。
生物表面活性剂及其在生物降解中的应用蒋磊;杨慧群;陶语若【摘要】Biosurfactants could be widely used in the biodegradation of organic contaminants. The mechanism, common characteristics and microbial origin of biosurfactants were summarized. The research advance and environmental applications of three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, sophorose lipids and surfactin) were introduced especially.%生物表面活性剂在有机污染物的生物降解上具有广泛的运用潜力.介绍了表面活性剂的作用机制,总结了生物表面活性剂的一般特征及其来源微生物,重点归纳了鼠李糖脂(Rhamnolipid)、槐糖脂(Sophorose lipids)和表面活性肽(Surfactin)3种常见的生物表面活性剂的研究进展,并对其在生产实践中的运用进行了介绍.【期刊名称】《湖北农业科学》【年(卷),期】2011(050)017【总页数】5页(P3457-3461)【关键词】生物表面活性剂;鼠李糖脂;槐糖脂;表面活性肽;生物降解【作者】蒋磊;杨慧群;陶语若【作者单位】武汉纺织大学环境工程学院,武汉430073;武汉纺织大学环境工程学院,武汉430073;武汉纺织大学环境工程学院,武汉430073【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ423;X172由于工业化的发展越来越依赖于石油等有机能源,最近的20年内,土壤及水体的有机污染越来越受到人们的重视。
目前石油烃已经成为土壤及其含水层最主要的污染物[1],其他的有机污染物还包括水性有机废物(杀虫剂)和有机溶剂等。
周期性拉伸应力与人永生化角质形成细胞的黏附和铺展刘琨;安美文;王立;黄晶晶【期刊名称】《中国组织工程研究》【年(卷),期】2015(000)001【摘要】BACKGROUND:The mechanical environment of skin tissue and spreading state of epithelial cels are closely related with the wound healing and scar formation process. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of extracelular mechanical stimulation on cel spreading, to test the cel proliferation in order to analyze the effect of spreading form on cel proliferation and other physiological activities. METHODS: Cyclic sine wave mechanical stretching was exerted on immortalized human keratinocyte by using FX-4000 flexible substrate loading system, on the condition of 0.2 Hz and at frequency of 10% amplitudes. The spreading form was compared at 0, 24 and 48 hours, the cel proliferation was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the distribution of vinculin was analyzed with immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: human keratinocyte would keep the spreading state and could induce more cel proliferation by 24 hours mechanical stretching stimulation. Conversely, after stimulated for 48 hours, the morphology of the human keratinocyte was significantly changed, and the number of human keratinocyte in the division stage was larger than that in the static control group; under tensile stress, the distribution of vinculin was transformed from the surrounding nucleusmembrane area to the cel edge. The results indicate that proper mechanical stimulate can increase cel proliferation with keeping cel spreading and adhesion state; the stimulating time of continuous cyclic stretching is the major factor to determine cel spreading morphologyand adhesion regions of immortalized human keratinocyte.%背景:皮肤组织所处的力学环境以及上皮细胞的铺展状态与伤口愈合和瘢痕形成过程关系密切。
cell adhesion名词解释Cell adhesion是细胞间的黏附作用,是指细胞与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)或其他细胞表面之间的相互作用。
这种相互作用是细胞在体内正常生存和功能所必需的。
细胞粘附分子(adhesion molecules)是细胞表面上的蛋白质,它们能够与其他细胞表面或基质分子上的特定结构相互作用,从而形成细胞黏附复合物(cell adhesion complex)。
这些分子包括整合素、粘附蛋白、肌动蛋白等。
细胞粘附作用在多种生理和病理过程中起着重要作用,如细胞迁移、分化、增殖、凋亡、免疫反应等。
因此,研究细胞粘附分子及其调节机制对于理解细胞生物学和疾病发生机制具有重要意义。
细胞间的黏附作用,即细胞粘附,是指细胞与细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)或其他细胞表面之间的相互作用。
这种相互作用是细胞在体内正常生存和功能所必需的,因为它们能够维持细胞的形态和位置,参与细胞信号传导,以及调节细胞间的交流和运动。
细胞粘附分子(adhesion molecules)是细胞表面上的蛋白质,它们能够与其他细胞表面或基质分子上的特定结构相互作用,从而形成细胞黏附复合物(cell adhesion complex)。
这些分子包括整合素、粘附蛋白、肌动蛋白等。
细胞粘附分子的结构和种类因细胞类型和组织类型而异,它们的表达水平和活性也受到多种因素的调节,如细胞因子、生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶等。
细胞粘附分子与多种生理和病理过程密切相关,如胚胎发育、组织重塑、炎症反应、肿瘤发生、细胞迁移等。
因此,研究细胞粘附分子及其调节机制对于理解细胞生物学和疾病发生机制具有重要意义。
昆虫表皮提取物或可促进感染伤口愈合
史俊斌;龚秋雨
【期刊名称】《湖南农业》
【年(卷),期】2024()5
【摘要】西安交通大学第一附属医院胸外科教授张广健团队,联合该校材料学院教授黄银娟团队、大连理工大学教授刘田团队,从亚洲玉米表皮中提取出一种高丰度蛋白,并将其用于促进金黄色葡萄球菌感染的伤口愈合。
相关研究成果已在国际期刊《纳米》上发表。
【总页数】1页(P55-55)
【作者】史俊斌;龚秋雨
【作者单位】不详
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R47
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MECHANOTRANSDUCTION DURING CELL ADHESION
ANALYZED BY COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
Jean-Louis MILAN (1), Sandrine LAVENUS (2), Sylvie WENDLING (2), Michel JEAN (3),
Pierre Layrolle (2) and Patrick CHABRAND (2)
1.ISM CNRS Marseille ; LPRO INSERM Nantes ; 3.LMA CNRS Marseille. France
an@univmed.fr
Introduction
Cha nges in cell morphology during cell a dhesion involve mecha notra nsduction. Forces tra nsmitted by the cytoskeleton may deform nuclear membrane nd open ion cha nnels a llowing ca lcium entry inducing associated gene transcription [Itano,2003]. We propose here a mechanical model of cell based on in vitro experiments to a na lyze the rela tion between cell morphology, intern l tension nd nucleus strain during cell adhesion.
Methods
Cell culture
Mesenchyma l stem cells from bone ma rrow were cultured on TCPS fla t substra tes [La venus, 2010]. Morphology of cells nd distribution of foc l a dhesions were reported a fter a ctin a nd vinculin staining.
Computational cell model
The cell model is a mecha nica l multi-intera ction system representing the interconnected structures of cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. As a 3D extension of our previous 2D model [Milan,2007], the present model consists of 8500 nodes forming the cell volume a nd intera cting together via compressive and tensile forces. Tensile interactions act as elastic wires between nodes while compressive interactions are computed as contact forces between virtu l spheric l bound ries surrounding nodes. Resulting forces networks are assumed to model the various filamentous lattices of cytoskeleton such as stress fibers, a ctin cortex, microtubules a
nd intermedi a
te fil a ments. Some nodes of cell membra ne, a s integrin receptors do, a re a ble to connect proteins of substrate and form stress fibers between each others.
Intracellular tonus of adherent cell
Some adherent cells were chosen as representative of sprea d (Fig. 1) a nd round morphologies a nd positions of focal adhesions were introduced in the model. The cell model which was originally round with a diameter of 15μm spread until coinciding of foca l a dhesion positions. The intra cellula r tonus wa s computed a s sum of tensile forces through vertical cell section. It was modulated by increasing tensile intera ction stiffness so a s to obta in foca l a dhesion tension of 10-30 nN consistently with experimental studies [Balaban,2001].
Cell adhesion by modeling filopod emission
Cell model was also implemented in free adhesion process. Filopods represented by moving nodes of the membra ne were emitted a t 2 μm a wa y from existing focal points and created remote adhesions.
Results and Discussion
Computations show an intracellular tonus of 58nN a nd a n nucleus shea r stra in of 65 % for a 70 μm-dia meter spread cell (Fig.1), compa red to tonus of 24 nN a nd nucleus stra in of 30 % for 35 μm-
diameter round cell.
Fig. 1: Spread cell and model with coinciding focal adhesions. Tensions (red), deformed nucleus (yellow).
Free adhesion of cell model by filopod emission led to a 75 μm-diameter spread shape with higher tonus of 220 nN due to more foca l a dhesion a nd stress fibers. In tha t ca se nucleus shea r stra in rea ched 52%. This verified previous finding that tonus and nucleus str a in incre a se with cell spre a
ding. Nonetheless depending on spa tia l distribution of foca l a dhesions a nd stress fibers, nucleus ma y deform in a wa y which is not directly coupled to intracellular tonus.
Fig. 2: Model free adhesion. Tensions (red), deformed nucleus (yellow), focal adhesion points (blue) and evolution of tonus and nucleus strain .
REFERENCES
Itano et al ., PNAS 100:5181-6, 2003
Lavenus et al ., Nanomedecine 5(6):937-47, 2010 Milan et al., BMMB 6:373-90, 2007
Balaban et al., Nat. Cell Biol. 3:466-72, 2001
S410Presentation 1019−Topic 31.Mechanobiology and cell biomechanics
Journal of Biomechanics 45(S1)
ESB2012:18th Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics。