2018-2019学年浦东新区高二上英语期末考试II. Grammar and Vocabulary 17%Section A 8%Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits each blank.Throughout history, people have been used to many types of crimes, but recently, we have had to face a new one: cybercrime.What exactly is cybercrime? Computers and the Internet have made life much (16) (easy) than it used to be. However, they have also brought a new criminal into our own living rooms. Cybercrime is when a crime (17) (commit) on a computer or over a network. There are many types of cybercrime, and some of the most common examples include spam(垃圾短信), identity theft and cracking.Spam is extremely common and almost everybody has some experience of receiving emails they don’t want in their inbox. It occurs when 'spammers' send emails, usually and advertisement for a product or service, to a large number of people at the same time. Spammers collect email addresses from all over the Internet, (19) (send) spam to them at random.Identity theft is when somebody steals your personal information and uses it (20) their own benefit. For example, an identity thief could find out your date of birth, address and credit card number, and then pretend (21) (be) you when they go shopping online.Cracking, or hacking, is the activity of (22) (break) into networks of organizations or governments. This is a very serious crime as a 'hacker' can access some highly confidential information and use it for illegal purposes.So (23) we depend on technology more and more for everyday things, it is important to be increasingly careful with our personal information: don' be a victim of cybercrime!Section B 9%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteEverywhere you look, there are images of the 'ideal' programmes and magazine ads are full of perfectly proportioned models and actors, and hardly anyone who could be seen as less than perfect. Is the 24 to be perfect now so great that it's destroying the self-esteem of an entire generation? Are most teenagers today insecure because of what they see in the media?The answer is probably yes, if we consider that plastic surgery(整形手术) is becoming more and more 25 . Since 1997 there has been a 465% increase in the total number of cosmetic procedures, despite the cost. Liposuction, for example, can cost up to E5,000. The number of teenagers who consider having plastic surgery just to look good is 26 .Teenagers are usually quite 27 about their physical appearance because it's so closely connected with their sense of self-esteem and 28 particularly in relationships with the opposite sex. Teenagers seem to want plastic surgery for different reasons from adults. Whereas adults often want plastic surgery so that they can stand out from the crowd, teenagers usually have operations done to look more like everyone else. The desire to have a good body is so great that many young men are turning to anabolic steroids(合成代谢类固醇) hormones in a(n) 29 to build a 'better' body. And it's not just girls who suffer from eating disorders —boys are now being diagnosed with them too, so they obviously feel the same pressure to be 30 attractive as girls do.Everyone has things about themselves they would like to change. It isn't 31 or wrong to think about improving your body — it's important for all of us to 32 in shape, eat well and try to make the most of ourselves. But you shouldn't let the 'imperfections' hat you find control your self-image, or you'll never be happy. We ought to realize that if we feel good inside, we’ll feel good with other people.III. Reading Comprehension 30％Section A 10％Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We’ve all heard the incredible dot-com（网上公司）success about Internet start-ups that became billion-dollar companies almost overnight. Companies like c-Bay. PayPal, YouTube, and Google turned a(n) 33 few into instant millionaires. But what about the so-called ＂dot-bombs＂, the companies that didn’t 34 it? Who were they, and what did they do wrong？ was an online grocery store that was founded in the late 1990s and wen bankrupt in 2001. On Webvan. com, a user could order groceries and have them 35 whenever they wanted. Sounds like a great idea, right? So why did it 36 ?Like some of its fellow Internet failures, Webvan. com moved much too fast. Within a year and a half, Webvan was 37 in eight cities and had plans to enter over a dozen more. Perhaps counting on a huge number of future users, Webvan spent over 51 billion on warchouses and supplies before it had become 38 . But the company didn’t attract the number of users it needed and soon closed its doors.Another 39 shared by some dot-bombs is spending too much money on advertising and losing sight of the company’s real 40 . For example, the company focused a great deal of its energy and funding on commercials featuring a loveable sock puppet. The puppet became extremely popular with consumers and the company spent millions of dollars on advertising. But the start-up＇s actual service selling and delivering pet supplies, never became popular enough with consumers to 41 all the money that was spent on promotion.The downfall of some other dot-bombs was focusing on cutting-edge technology more than user needs. This was one of the factors leading to the failure of the British start-up . this start-up was created to sell fashion online to consumers around the world. However, the website was difficult to navigate, and it used technology that 42 a lot of bandwidth to operate a a time when most people were using slow dial-up connections.33. A. poor B. lucky C. unfortunate D.dissatisfied34.A.succeed B. retain C.make D. show35.A.cooked B. washed C.conducted D. delivered36.A. fail B. run C.function D. transform37.A.available B. measurable C. current D.distinguished38.A. operational B. profitable C. convenient D.adaptable39.A. benefit B. objective C. mistake D. contest40.A.programs B.goals C. issues D. pressure41.A. justify B. adopt C.reduce D. resist42.A.decreased B.illustrated C. ruined D.required43.44.Section B 12％45.Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.46.（A）47.Bomb Disposal（处理）Diver48.Typical salary: In the private sector you can earn up to £100, 000 a year，working just two months out of every three.49.The job: Being a bomb disposal diver involves descending to the seabed and searching for unexploded bombs, shells, grenades and landmines. Then either safely recovering and collecting the weapons, or securely disposing of them.50.Qualifications: To dive offshore, companies will expect you to have diving qualifications and, if possible, you should have a few years’ diving experience. On top of that, you must be given a diving assessment and a diving first aid course. and also undergo offshore survival training. These qualifications are a must-have requirement and you should expect to pay at least £15, 000 for all these courses. And that’s just the diving. To be able to dispose of the bombs safely, you’ll be required to have an explosive ordnance disposal（EOD）（爆炸性军械处理) qualification and several years of experience.51.To succeed as a bomb disposal diver, you need ... to stay calm in stressful situations. ‘You’re pretty much on your own at depth, with no visibility, working to a very narrow timescale’, says Daniel Roantree, an EOD diver. And you have to live with five to ten people in close proximity（靠近) for month or longer, so if you don’t like living in small confined spaces with lots of other people, forget it. Personal space is something of a luxury.52.Worst thing about the job: Expect to be away from home at least six months of the year.53.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word＂descending＂?54.A. sinking B.resting C. converting D. committing55.Which of the following is NOT a requirement to qualify for the job as a bomb disposal diver？A. A diving assessment.B. An EOD qualification.C. A diving first-aid course.D. Survival training on land.45. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage？A. The diver can enjoy much personal space.B. At most, the diver can stay with his family for six months a year.C. The diver has to pay at least £15, 000 year to retain the job.D. Experience is not essential to get the job.（B）It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined (倾向于) to think that all Africans are musicians.The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators. Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute and drum band is performing. "Anybody can take part. "This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of music sound. Performances often take place in an open area(that is, not on a stage)and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.46. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that _______ .A. most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of musicB. we are musical performers and they are professional musicianC most ofus are passive spectators while they are active spectatorD. we are the audience and they are the additional performer47. The author of the passage implies thatA all Africans are musical and therefore music is performed in AfricaB. not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lifeC most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instrumentD. most Africans perform as well as professional musicians48. The best title for this passage would beA. The Importance of Music to African PeopleB. Differences Between African Music and Music of Other CountriesC The Relationship Between Musicians and Their AudienceD. A Characteristic Feature of African Musical PerformanceSection C 8%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be usedToday, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. ___49_____ And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn(谴责) gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated （永久的）" race to the finish line". whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative (赚钱的) career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits. ___50_____Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. ____51___ It prepares them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes -all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities.____52____ According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It's not necessarily a bad thing. but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.IV. Summary writing 8%Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. Ifeel there are a number of reasons for thisSome people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has tumed out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves If there were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food.There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this. Because good eating habits begin carly in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they cal, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their livesThere is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise Tey clo not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.The above are the le main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habitsV. Translation 10％（3＋3＋4）1.这家店一开张就顾客盈门。
