大学英语四级试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “Education: Examination-Oriented or Quality-Oriented”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below i n Chinese:1. 应试教育现状及其原因;2. 素质教育的优点;3. 你的观点。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from theals andin how-to pieces and feature stories on news topics, had 237,000 registered contributors and more than one million content pieces as ofFebruary, both about double from the same month a year ago.After posting the content, the site sells advertisements against it and distributes it to other companies, such as online shoe retailer Zappos, which use the content on their own Web sites. If Associated Content accepts a submission (it says it rejects about 25% of them), the author gets between $5 and $30, plus $1.50 for each 1,000 page views. An ability to write “search-engine-optimized” content, an industry term for generating good Google results, helps, says site founder Luke Beatty.People are not only looking for payment but also establishing their credentials “as somebody with experience”, he says. Writi ng about a specific profession, such as law or real estate, helps raise a person’s profile online, enhan cing his job searches, says Mr. Beatty.Sabah Karimi, a 26-year-old from Orlando, Fla., left a career in marketing to become a full-time freelance writer and now spends between 8 and 10 hours a week writing for Associated Content. She has been at it for about three years and says she earns roughly $1,000 amonth from her past and current submissions.Ms. Karimi cautions newcomers to Associated Content that it takes time to build up earnings. She says she learned how to write articles that would bring traffic and often looks for newsy ideas that will attract readers.Mechanical Turk, by contrast, is based on “crowd sourcing”, or breaking a task into lots of tiny pieces and giving it to a bi g group of people to complete quickly. Most of these jobs — which the site calls HITs, for human intelligence tasks — pay just a few cents. Efficient MTurkers, as they call themselves, can make more than $100 a week doing things such as finding someone’s email address or labeling imag es of aparticular animal in a photograph.Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from 100 different countries, but it doesn’t keep track of past figures.The site — named for an 18th-century stunt involving a turbaned chess-playing “machine” with an actual chess master hidde n within —began as a way to help Amazon manage its product database, says Sharon Chiarella, vice president of Amazon Mechanical Turk. Amazon uses the site to help sort images and content, paying people a few cents a task. Mechanical Turk also serves a variety of companies who need15. A) She missed the bus.B) She caught the bus.C) She got up five minutes earlier than usual.D) She likes getting up early in the morning.16. A) In the library.B) In the college bookstore.C) At a news-stand.D) At a department store.17. A) Teacher and student.B) Doctor and patient.C) Manager and office worker.D) Travel agent and customer.18. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.B) Turn the basement into a workshop.C) Repair the washing machine.D) Finish her assignment.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She will go to see her brother.B) She will go to Hawaii with her family.C) She will stay at home with her family.D) She will find a part-time job.20. A) Very exciting. B) Too bad.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) About 40%. B) About 46%. C) About 80%. D) About 54%.27. A) People in South Korea are no longer interested in Hollywood movies.B) It is much cheaper to see a local movie than a Hollywood one.C) Hollywood’s films are not as good as before.D) So uth Korea’s film industry has developed a lot.28. A) They are releasing the movies first in America and then in other countries.B) They are releasing the movies in America and other countries at the same time.C) They send people who sell illegally copied movies to court.D) They encourage people to buy legal DVDs by giving a high discount.29. A) Many people believe that DVDs are not of good quality.B) People are more likely to get movies from the Internet.C) Some people think that DVDs are very expensive.D) People like watching TV better than watching DVDs.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Once. B) Twice.C) Three times. D) Four times.31. A) He was the president with the longest presidency.B) He led the American people through the Great Depression.C) He led the American people through the First World War.purpose.But you can have too much of a good thing. The glands in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax is normally (41)_______; it falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can (42)_______ and form a blockage that (43)_______with sound waves and reduces hearing. (44)____________________________________________. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot ofdamage.Experts suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. (45)_________________________. Another way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal.(46)______________________________________________. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leadingultimately to 48 rock music.The term “rock and roll” now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.50 , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 51 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 rock)of adeIn 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Government’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improv ing pupil attainment; otherwi se we seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The target demands that 84.5 percent of pupils willmake the necessary progress between 7 and 11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers will not benefit some p rimary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister, said, “We have alread y accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher andhave pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is not getting value fo r the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countries that have mu ch higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of English schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected standard.dedirectly with farmer cooperatives. It helps organize, avoiding brokers (代理人) and middlemen. It guarantees higher prices for the farmers’goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics.The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990’s as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing. Si nce Fair Trade began, more than a million coffee growers and other farmers have joined cooperatives that sell their products through Fair Tradechannels instead of directly to a commercial producer.Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open arms. Several American coffee importers recently pulled out of Fair Trade, citing TransFair’s “corporate friendly” policies that allow large companies to use the Fair Trade logo in their marketing even if only a smallamount of the company’s overall purchases are Fair Trade certified.Edmund LaMacchia, the national produce coordinator for Whole Foods, said Fair Trade is only one of many consumer choices. “Whole Foods has its own team of inspectors and has no plans to carry Fair Trade products”, Mr. LaMacchia said. “Our standards are h igher than Fair Trade’s, actually.” Fair Trade is only one of several labels your bananas might be wearing this year. Another is that of the Rainforest Alliance,which certifies the use of sustainable agriculture methods.So far, though, Fair Trade is the biggest. A Fair Trade label by itself does not guarantee an organic product, but most Fair Trade bananas are also organic, Ms. Bourque said, because pesticides are usually too costly for the small farmers who grow them. If the bananas are organic, they will be labeled as such, and will probably be wearing a sticker to prove it.62. Why are bananas wearing “Fair Trade Certified” stickers?A) It means bananas are the fashion victims of the produce section.B) It means bananas have got a new label.C) It means bananas with these stickers are available in the United States.D) It represents an international effort to help the third-world farmers.63. What does Fair Trade do?A) It helps farmers sell their products for a higher profit.uses on washing hands at 69 as a way to stop infections from 70 . Several studies show hands are the single most important 71 route for all types ofinfections.Even though most people know to wash their hands after using the toilet or handling a diaper (尿布), studies 72 many people are stillending up with germs on their hands.One study looked in homes of 73 recently vaccinated against polio (脊髓灰质炎). After vaccination, the virus is74 to be shed in the baby’s feces (粪便). Researchers found the virus on 13 percent of bathroom, living room and kitchen surfaces. 75the virus from the vaccine didn’t pose a health risk, feces-borne viruses can 76 through the home.Doorknobs and toilet flush handles are key 77 of germ transmission in the home. That’s why people shoul d focus on cleaning such surfaces 78 and always wash their hands after touching them. In one study, a 79 touched a door handle contaminated with a virus. He thenshook hands 80 other volunteers, and spread the virus to six people.The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key. It’s 81 to wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food.Other crucial times for hand washing are after 82 a diaper or cleaning up after a pet, or after touching garbage cans, dish rags and utensilsthat may have come 83 contact with raw food.While it may be hard to 84 that something as simple as regular hand washing can make a difference in your family’s health, co nsider what happened during the 2003 outbreak of SARS. The outbreak 85 extensive public and community health measures, including regular hand washing. Not only was the SARS outbreak contained, 86 other cases of illnesses dropped sharply.67. A) occasionally B) often C) sometimes D) repeatedly68. A) chemical B) physical C) medical D) mental69. A) home B) clinics C) hospitals D) school70. A) living B) spreading C) surviving D) going71. A) transmit B) transfer C) transferring D) transmission72. A) claim B) agree C) suggest D) objectOne possible version:Education: Examination-Oriented or Quality-OrientedFrom primary school to college, students, teachers and parents all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at quality, but only at developing student s’ ability to perform well on tests. As a result, many students, even those with high scores, often do poorly when it comes to the practical application of what they’ve learned.Therefore, China is challenging examination-oriented education by advocating quality-oriented education. The alternative will focus on the students’ ability as a whole. The exam results will no longer play a key role in evaluating a student.Personally, I firmly believe in the effectiveness of this new policy. I have seen in m y mind’s eye the more dedicated study, the looser environment, yet the more creative minds of the future students. Our education, so to speak, will bring up a new generation.Part III Listening Comprehension11-15 CABCA 16-20 BCDBD21-25 CDCCA 26-30 BDBBD31-35 BBDCA 36. traps37. insects 38. infections 39. European 40. sticky41. expelled 42. harden43. interferes44. People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears — but only push the wax deeper inside45. They say the wax can be softened with mineral oil, or ear drops46. Use a device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canalTape Script of Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or moreW: Shouldn’t she be working on her term paper?Q: What does the woman think Mary should do?Now you’ll hear two long conversations.Conversation OneM: This semester has gone so quickly! Our exams are coming to an end.W: Yes, I’m so excited about the coming winter vacation. I have made all the arrangements for my vacation.M: What are you planning to do?W: Well, my family and I have a trip planned to H awaii. It will be a great place to spend such a cold winter. Besides, we’ve been talking about going there for years, and we finally went to an agent and planned the whole thing out.M: Wow! That does sound exciting. I am also dreaming about a trip there, but unfortunately, I have never had a chance.W: I’m sure you’ll be able to go sometime soon. So, what’s your plan for the winter holiday?M: I intend to look for a part-time job to save a little money for next year. It will also be a good experience.W: That doesn’t sound too bad, either.M: You know, I really want to buy a new computer next semester, so I have to save as much money as possible.W: Yeah, I remember you telling me that before.M: I’d rather my parents didn’t pay for it.I’d feel proud of myself if I bought it with the money I earned.W: Sounds like you have a goal this winter.M: Yes. Next semester you’ll have to tell me all about your trip!Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is the woman’s plan for the winter vacation?20. What does the woman think of the man’s plan for the winter vacation?21. What does the man want to buy next semester?and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D).Passage OneHollywood is increasingly looki ng outside America’s borders for stars and profit.Jonathan Taplin is a professor at the USC Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California. He says that today, about 54 percent of the ticket sales for Hollywood studios now come from outside the United States.For the last three months of 2007, foreign sales totaled about 880 million dollars. But there is fierce competition for each movie dollar.Hollywood has lost market share in some places as other countries develop their own film industries. For example, in the mid 1980s, American films had 80 percent of the market in South Korea. Today that share is about 40 percent.Hollywood also faces competition from illegally copied movies, a major issue to the Motion Picture Association of America. The trade group estimated more than 18 billion dollars in worldwide losses from piracy in 2005.Hollywood reporter Alan Silverman says piracy has influenced how American movies are released. In the past, Hollywood studios waited months after the American release of a film to release it in foreign markets. Now, many aim to release films at the same time aroundthe world.Foreign markets may also influence how people get their movies. Different nations have different levels of technology.Efforts to settle on the next-generation DVD got a lot of attention recently. Sony’s Blu-ray technology for high-definition televisionswon the competition with Toshiba’s HD DVD format.Yet DVD sales have dropped in recent years. This may be a sign that people are increasingly getting their movies off the Internet. The Internet is another front in Hollywood’s war on piracy. But more than that, it presents complex business questions for an ind ustry now builtmostly on DVD and ticket sales.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What percentage of ticket sales for Hollywood studios come from inside the United States?, willMillions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energyfrom the sun.Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmfulorganisms.There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of largeamounts of food.The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the sun’s l ight onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very fewsupplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Paraboliccookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. Which of the following is NOT a function of solar ovens?34. What kind of oven is effective for slow cooking of a lot of food?35. Which is the best title for this passage?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactarwax50. L)年代的音51. E)。
