智能照明控制方面英文文献

电气专业外文文献翻译---智能照明控制系统XXX control system is to conserve energy。

This system utilizes us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage XXX of n。

the system takes advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses the required XXX XXX 30%.Keywords: XXX control system。

bus-type star-shaped structure1.Advantages of the XXX1.1 XXX SavingXXX XXX-saving XXX utilizing pre-set control modes and components。

it can effectively manage the level of n required at different times。

This system takes full advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses artificial light when necessary。

As a result。

it uses the least amount of energy possible to achieve the required level of XXX-saving benefits。

XXX 30%.Note: No paragraph was XXX with the original text.)XXX control system is to conserve energy。

This system incorporates us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage energy-saving measures for different levels of XXX。

智慧路灯外文参考文献智慧路灯外文参考文献1. Sun, W., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2019). Design and implementation of an intelligent street lamp based on LoRa technology. IEEE Access, 7, 116312-116323.2. Li, H., Wang, M., Li, Q., & Li, X. (2017). Design of intelligent street lamp control system based on ZigBee wireless communication technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 789(1), 012010.3. Cheng, Y., & Wu, X. (2018). Design and implementation of an intelligent street lamp based on NB-IoT technology. IEEE Access, 6, 63887-63895.4. Chen, Y., Wang, J., & Li, J. (2019). Design and implementation of a smart street lighting control system based on IoT technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1176(1), 012020.5. Chen, L., & Chen, N. (2020). A smart street lighting control system based on NB-IoT technology. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 38(6), 7523-7533.6. Zhang, H., & Wang, S. (2019). Design and implementation of a smart street lighting control system based on LoRa technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1298(1),012035.7. Wu, Y., & Ning, P. (2017). Design and implementation ofa smart street lighting control system based on ZigBee wireless communication technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 902(1), 012010.8. Li, J., & Wu, Y. (2018). Design and implementation of an intelligent street lamp system based on NB-IoT technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1021(1), 012012.9. Wang, J., Chen, Y., & Li, J. (2019). Design and implementation of a smart street lighting control system based on LoRa technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1237(1), 012017.10. Huang, Z., & Huang, Y. (2018). Design and implementation of a smart street lighting control system based on NB-IoT technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1026(1), 012012.。

IntroductionIntroduction With the continuous development of our economy,rapidly rising living standards, people working and living environment have become increasingly demanding, while the lighting system requirements have become more sophisticated, the traditional lighting technology has been a strong blow. On the one hand because of information technology and computer technology changes in lighting technology,providing technical support; the other hand, due to energy shortage, the state more and more attention on energysaving lighting, new lighting control technology to develop rapidly to meet with By energy conservation, comfort,convenience requirements.Lighting control lighting control from the traditional manual method, automated lighting control to today's intelligent lighting control. Intelligent lighting control system is based on computercontrolled alldigital platform, modular, distributed bus control system, the central processor modules communicate directly through the network bus, the bus makes use of lighting, dimming, blinds, scene control to achieve intelligent, and become a complete bus system.Can be based on changes in the external environment in the device automatically adjust the status of the bus to reach safety, energy conservation, human effects, and can use in the future, in accordance with the requirements of users through the computer Way to increase or modify the system's functionality, without having to relaying of cables, intelligent lighting control system,high reliability,flexible control, lighting control is the traditional way can not be done.The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System components Intelligent lighting control system is usually dimmer module,switch module, input module, the control panel, liquid crystal display touch screen, smart sensors, PC interface, time management module, handheld programmer,monitoring computer(need to bridge a large network connection)and other components composition.（1）The basic principle of the dimming module is a microprocessor (CPU) The size of the opening angle control SCR to control the average amplitude of the output voltage toadjust the brightness of light sources.（2）switch module is controlled by the power switch relay output to control light.（3）input module is to accept passive contact signals transmitted to the microprocessor via the bus.（4）The control panel is intuitive operation for control of lighting scenes were the parts, which is controlled by a microprocessor, can be programmed to complete a variety of different control requirements.Enter symbol identifying the microprocessor,after processing control information sent via the bus, to control the corresponding dimming of the light source module or switching module control the dimming or switch control.（5）The illumination of the sensor interface module for connection to detection, there is detection, motion detection and other sensors.（6）Time Management module control system with another device on the bus interface to automate tasks and time control. Monitoring Contents（1）The central control system through the central station and the system software on the switch, dimming, clock, lighting, monitoring and management of the state.（2）switch control, by the central station, local control panel for lights for open, close control.（3）dimming control, by the central station, local control panel for lighting the illumination from zero to maximum control.（4）The time clock control system based on preset time for light to open and close control.（5）The astronomical clock control, enter the local latitude and longitude, the system automatically calculate the day of the sunset time, this time to control lighting according to the scene changes.（6）The scene control, through the central station, local control panel programming,lights were on, off, dimming control settings.（7）Remote control, remote control via handheld control panel with infrared light for the region under the control turned off, dimming control.（8）The illumination system according to the illumination detection sensor detection data (light, light and dark), in accordance with the preset parameters to automatically turn on lights, turn off, dimming control.（9）exists,motion control, according to presence detection, motion detection sensors and other detection data, in accordance with the preset parameters to automatically turn on lights,turn off, dimming control.（10）joint control,through the input module receives the video security monitoring system, intrusion alarm systems,access control systems,automatic fire alarm system in the coordinated control signals to switch on the light source control or dimming control.（11）Remote control, lighting control through the Internet for remote monitoring and controlsystem:including lighting box lighting system parameter setting changes; on the system to monitor the state of the scene illumination; state of the system to control lighting scenes.（12）Graphic control, users can use the electronic map function on the entire region for visual control of the lighting, the floor plan of the whole building can be entered into the system,and use different colors to represent the current state of the region.Intelligent lighting control system data transmissionIntelligent lighting control system data transmission In the international lighting control system data transmission network without uniform standards, the current way of the main twisted pair, power line carrier transmission and three types of radio frequency transmission. These three transmission data rates, reliability of transmission is quite different. twistedpair transmission To twisted pair transmission twisted pair transmission network for information, the laying of lines separately for new construction, expansion of the project. There are in this way The following advantages:（1）hardware and software protocol completely open, perfect, common good.（2）lines at both ends of transformer isolation, immunity to interference, lightning protection performance.（3）transmission speed. （4）The system capacity is almost unlimited, the system will not increase the emergence of unexpected failures.（5）as an information transmission medium,a large number of sophisticated equipment for general use. Power Line Carrier transmission Use of electric power line carrier transmission of information transmission network, without laying a single line for data transmission of the signals can be applied to new construction, expansion of the project, and especially for reconstruction projects. Power line carrier transmission in the current fluctuations due to power lines, data transfer rate and reliability of data transmission by a greater impact,reducing efficiency. When the monitoring equipment for a long time, no reliable data transmission may cause the system to a standstill. Radio frequency transmission Radio frequency transmission of information using wireless radio transmission network as the system can not only satisfy the functional requirements, indoor no wiring, simple construction, can save the construction investment for new construction, expansion of the project, and especially for reconstruction project. RF operating frequency consistent with IEEE802.11b standards.The scope of application of intelligent lighting control systemThe scope of application of intelligent lighting control system Lighting control system can be incandescent, fluorescent, energy saving lamps, quartz lamps and other light dimming the lights on all occasions to control the environment to meet a variety of lighting requirements.（1）offices, schools, hospitals, factories and other places of the lighting system,using the time control system on the light on, turn off the automatic control, the use of illumination sensor that automatically adjusts the illumination, energy conservation. Can be the central monitoring and control system can be connected with the construction equipment.（2）Theatre, conference rooms, clubs and other places of use of system functions and dimming the scene switches can be easily converted a variety of lighting scenarios, multipoint control. Light source can be controlled through the system,air conditioning, electric fans, electric curtains, Canada Heater and other electrical equipment.（3）The venue sports venues match required by hierarchical control, large venue should be a single light control.（4）The municipal works, squares, parks and other outdoor public places, the group using the system control software can control lighting throughout the region, the use of illumination sensors, time switches to achieve lighting automation control, system monitoring software using intelligent lighting control.（5）areas where street lighting should be based on the geographical location and seasonal variation to determine a reasonable time to switch lights and the sky brightness changes according to the necessary amendments,the use of light control and time control of a combination of intelligent control.（6）Landscape lighting used in peacetime,the general holidays,major holidays and other control mode.Technical Analysis Intelligent lighting control systemTechnical Analysis Intelligent lighting control system is a system through the control bus to the various input, output and system support unit connected,power cable directly received from the distribution cabinet lighting or other electrical load, and without going through the switch. Do not have to consider when installing any control relationship, and then installed in the 1 Line Investment savings system settings through the software code of each unit's address in order to establish relations between the corresponding control.Compared with the traditional control method saves a lot of the original receipt of the switch to cable,but also shorten the time of installation and construction,saving labor costs.2 significant energy savings（1）Intelligent lighting control system can take advantage of smart sensor sensing outdoor light, automatic adjustment of light intensity,the outdoor light intensity,indoor lighting weaker; outdoor natural light is weak,the indoor lighting to strong, to keep the interior a constant standard of illumination, both to create the best work environment, but also to save energy.（2）Since the lighting control system, through sound management,the use of smart clock management devices according to different dates, different times of the various functional areas in accordance with the operation of preset for illumination, no light, to ensure the lights off; in In fact, the majority of cases, many areas do not need all the lights on or open to the brightest, lighting control systems can provide the most economical energy consumption the most comfortable lighting; in some public areas such as conference rooms, lounges, etc., the use of existing detection function When someone entered the lamp is lit or switch to a preset scene.3 extend the source life is the cause of death in light damage to overvoltage grid. The higher voltage source, doubling its life reduced. Therefore,maintaining a suitable light source voltage is an effective way to extend lamp life. Lighting control system can successfully suppress the impact of power grid voltage and surge voltage, the light will not cause the premature failure of the above. Can also be determined by the system to artificially limit the voltage to improve the light source life. Extend the life of not only save a lot of light fixtures, but also significantly reduce the workload of replacement light source, effectively reducing the operating costs of lighting systems,light sources for the difficult and expensive to install area lighting also has a special significance.4 improve management,reduce maintenance cost intelligent lighting control system, general lighting artificial opening and closing converted into intelligent management,will greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs of lighting systems,and return on investment.ConclusionIntelligent lighting control system allows a high degree of flexibility in lighting solutions, the system put into use, will bring highquality lighting environment, improve thelevel of intelligent management of the entire building, you can easily adjust the lighting system, both to meet the aesthetic and practical requirements, at the same time to reach the green energy saving targets. Therefore,the intelligent lighting control system will have broader application.译文介绍随着我国经济的不断发展，人民生活水平迅速提高，人们对工作和生活环境的要求越来越高，同时对照明系统的要求也越来越高，传统的照明技术受到了强烈冲击。

外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：Forcada N. The research of Intelligent lighting control system[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55: 62-77.原文The research of intelligent lighting control systemForcada NAbstractThe growing shortage of energy and the continuous improvement of the living standards of people, people for indoor lighting system for energy saving, comfort, pursue also more and more intense, the traditional lighting system is hard to meet people's needs. People want new indoor lighting control system installation designed to be simple and beautiful, and can according to the variation of indoor scene, automatically set the corresponding lighting mode. When indoor personnel quantity increasing, for instance, or indoor light dimmed, system automatically enhance indoor illumination brightness; When the researchers focused on the interior of a certain position, the brightness of the lighting system to automatically increase the corresponding position, and at the same time reduce the away from the target location of the brightness of the light; When people are watching TV, the system automatically shut off the corresponding lighting lamps and lanterns or weaken the corresponding the brightness of the lighting, etc.People expected indoor lighting system will automatically according to the change of the indoor scene, automatically switch to get the corresponding lighting model. In this way, not only can satisfy the requirement of people for the comfort of indoor lighting, also can achieve the goal of energy saving lighting.Keywords: intelligent lighting; Control system; photoelectric detection1 IntroductionNew design of indoor lighting control system it should be possible under the condition of the minimum power consumption, meet the needs of people living and working for. And existing traditional household indoor lighting control system, weadopt manual closing or disconnect switches for simple control, the controller of the dispersed, will not be able to realize the centralized control, in addition, now the traditional household lighting control system, for using single mode is also very light, system can't according to different indoor intensity of illumination and the flexibility to make corresponding adjustment, and also can't make different according to different requirements of lighting model of flexible adjustment accordingly. Single way of lighting, already caused the waste of resources, and can not meet the changes on the intensity of illumination automatically adjust the indoor environment, so as to keep the ideal intensity of illumination demand. It is because of these reasons, traditional way of indoor lighting control, now has lagged far behind the modern intelligent household demand for lighting control. In general, the condition of the traditional indoor lighting control system is simple. For traditional lighting control system, it adopts single control on line system more or the double control circuit control mode. In a single control circuit of the system, the control switch will pick up directly in the load circuit, it also can be to implement a simple function of on or off; For the double control circuit of the control system, it can be used two single-pole double switch to implement the system of dual control, but because of the connection between the switch lighting cable, therefore, when multicast integrated control, with the increase in the number of laying cable connection between switch, line installation also become very complex, the difficulty of construction projects. Rapid development of modern computer technology and wireless communication technology, to upgrade the traditional household lighting control system, the technical advantage of assurance. By studying intelligent household lighting control system, we can successfully solve the traditional lighting elaborate trivial, controller decentralized to centralized control, the indoor illumination cannot achieve flexible adjustment, severe waste of resources, many of the existing problems, and so on. Traditional lighting control system, adopt the way of manual switch more so, relatively backward management way, must gradually open or close them one by one, and the system control mode of single: only two control state and off rotation.And intelligent lighting control technology, it is with the development ofcomputer technology, and wireless communication technology, modern sensor technology, the development of network technology and automatic control technology and developed a kind of comprehensive application of modern technology. Intelligent lighting control technology application has a long history, it can be traced back to the 90 s of the 20th century, at the time of intelligent lighting control systems are mostly based on Field bus (Field bus) technology, the use of this technology, the control system can make the lighting control extends to the end of the equipment. Today’s intelligent lighting control system is to use a couple more twisted pair as a communication medium, namely cable intelligent lighting control system. In cable intelligent lighting control system, control network composed of twisted-pair cable connect all system control unit, a control signal from the system control unit, via the twisted-pair network spread in the whole control system, system of each control unit from control signal from the twisted pair, according to the communication protocol of the control system, in accordance with the provisions of the command action, the network intelligent control field. This kind of cable intelligent network control system has strong anti-interference ability, good communication effect, and high system stability.2 The kinds of lighting control system2.1 Dynallte intelligent lighting control systemThe control system mainly by the switch module, dimmer module, liquid crystal display touch screen control panel, intelligent sensors, clock manager, programming day, hand-held programmer and PC monitoring machine parts. This Dynallte control system USES the DyNet network connection, DyNet network is a distributed intelligent network, and it USES the RS - 485 communication protocols. The main working principle of this control system is: control module is controlled by the characteristics of the processor, all control components in the system interconnection on the DyNet network, and each device on the network within the remaining ^ ^: all are separate entities required for the operation of instruction. Users can use the control panel, through the button to select a preset scenes, is one of the most simple control method.96 each dimmer can preset scenario. In addition, the use of clock control isalso a common way of lighting control. Another common device is a common sensor, it consists of noise detection infrared tracking, photometric detection of photocell and receiver for remote control.2.2 C Bus intelligent lighting control systemThe Bus system is made up of Australia, C a electrical company develops in 1994, the C a Bus control system have been widely used in many countries and regions.C a Bus system is a two wire Bus type of intelligent control system, it is mainly used for the control of lighting system. In addition, can also be used to fire the linkage control system, etching the C a Bus system, the system all the cells device (except the power) are built into the processor and memory cell, all unit device consists of a pair of signal lines (twisted pair) connected to the network. Control system of each unit is set only unit address set its function, and software system through the output unit to control the load of each circuit. General principles of the group address and the output and input cell components set up corresponding contact. When system has input, input unit into a C a Bus signal, and then will be broadcast on the C a Bus system Bus, at this point, all the output of the unit in the control system receives the signal and make a judgment, control the corresponding output circuit’s a Bus system control mode generally includes the scene control, infrared sensor control, timing control, centralized switch control, local control and group control, centralized dimming Integrated control, wide-area control and system control, etc.2.3 The EIB intelligent control system installationThe EIB (European Installation Bus) the European electrical wiring device Bus intelligent control system.EIB it is for electrical wiring device of intelligent control system, intelligent lighting system is a part of the system.EIB standard is an open nature of the control system, it can be treated by a variety of chips in a variety of platforms, and expand the space.EIB intelligent control system by the bus, bus power supply, intelligent sensor (fuzzy switch, the light sensor, mobile sensors, time controller), intelligent switch drive and other intelligent components (logical module bus coupler).EIB is a kind of typical fieldbus control system, in the EIB control system, each component is a node, the different nodes are connected in a 2 coretwisted pair of medium on the bus, they both master-slave subordinate relations, can realize the communication between each other, thereby Implement control and be controlled.3 Intelligent lighting system control strategyIntelligent lighting system, usually is to use modern computer technology, network communication technology, automatic control technology, microelectronics technology, such as science and technology, according to environmental changes, objective request, the user condition such as reserve requirements and the various information in the automatic acquisition system, and the information collected in the corresponding logic analysis, reasoning, judgment, the results according to the specific form for storage, display, transmission and feedback control to 迖the best control effect of a kind of intelligent lighting control system. Generally, intelligent lighting control system should be based on the function of the environment in a certain area, in different period of the day, according to the indoor brightness or different USES of the region to automatic control of lighting, lighting control can transition from the traditional ordinary switch control to intelligent switch control. The application of intelligent lighting technology, the purpose is for people's work and provide new life comfortable and efficient lighting environment. Intelligent lighting it is the combination of intelligent technology and conventional lighting technology, from the basic form of its composition; it can be roughly divided into two major categories.Intelligent lighting lamps and lighting system, intelligent control to intelligent control unit and intelligent sensing unit for the system of the core of intelligent switches, intelligent lamps and lanterns, etc., can be single or several of the road lights on or off the control, the control of the bright or dark, delay or simple program control, and close the remote control and induction control, etc.This control system control and sensing unit has small volume, simple structure, small control power, etc.This type of product easy to use, low cost, and thus more be applied in such small space inside the bedroom environment intelligent lighting. Based on computer and intelligent communication network of intelligent lighting control system of intelligentlighting control system based on LAN mainly can be divided into the central system of centralized control and distributed control system of two types. Distributed intelligent lighting control system, is mainly introduced in the field of lighting control using the field bus technology, its work principle is system USES the main power supply, after dimmer module can be divided into multiple adjustable output circuit to realize the control of light lamp power supply. Lighting lamps and lanterns is the regulation of the switch and brightness can be controlled through a programmable multi-function control panel, in all the dimmer system and control panel can be realized by programming every street lamp of various types of control purpose, which can produce different types of lighting control scenarios and lighting effects.译文智能照明控制系统研究摘要能源的日益短缺及人们的生活水平的不断提高，人们对于室内照明系统的节能、舒适度的追求也越来越强烈，传统的照明系统很难再满足人们的需求。

智能控制系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献附录一：外文摘要The development and application of Intelligence controlsystemModern electronic products change rapidly is increasingly profound impact on people's lives, to people's life and working way to bring more convenience to our daily lives, all aspects of electronic products in the shadow, single chip as one of the most important applications, in many ways it has the inestimable role. Intelligent control is a single chip, intelligent control of applications and prospects are very broad, the use of modern technology tools to develop an intelligent, relatively complete functional software to achieve intelligent control system has become an imminent task. Especially in today with MCU based intelligent control technology in the era, to establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance so well on the subject later more fully understanding of SCM are of great help to.The so-called intelligent monitoring technology is that:" the automatic analysis and processing of the information of the monitored device". If the monitored object as one's field of vision, and intelligent monitoring equipment can be regarded as the human brain. Intelligent monitoring with the aid of computer data processing capacity of the powerful, to get information in the mass data to carry on the analysis, some filtering of irrelevant information, only provide some key information. Intelligent control to digital, intelligent basis, timely detection system in the abnormal condition, and can be the fastest and best way to sound the alarm and provide usefulinformation, which can more effectively assist the security personnel to deal with the crisis, and minimize the damage and loss, it has great practical significance, some risk homework, or artificial unable to complete the operation, can be used to realize intelligent device, which solves a lot of artificial can not solve the problem, I think, with the development of the society, intelligent load in all aspects of social life play an important reuse.Single chip microcomputer as the core of control and monitoring systems, the system structure, design thought, design method and the traditional control system has essential distinction. In the traditional control or monitoring system, control or monitoring parameters of circuit, through the mechanical device directly to the monitored parameters to regulate and control, in the single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control system, the control parameters and controlled parameters are not directly change, but the control parameter is transformed into a digital signal input to the microcontroller, the microcontroller according to its output signal to control the controlled object, as intelligent load monitoring test, is the use of single-chip I / O port output signal of relay control, then the load to control or monitor, thus similar to any one single chip control system structure, often simplified to input part, an output part and an electronic control unit ( ECU )Intelligent monitoring system design principle function as follows: the power supply module is 0~220V AC voltage into a0 ~ 5V DC low voltage, as each module to provide normal working voltage, another set of ADC module work limit voltage of 5V, if the input voltage is greater than 5V, it can not work normally ( but the design is provided for the load voltage in the 0~ 5V, so it will not be considered ), at the same time transformer on load current is sampled on the accused, the load current into a voltage signal, and then through the current - voltage conversion, and passes through the bridge rectification into stable voltage value, will realize the load the current value is converted to a single chip can handle0 ~ 5V voltage value, then the D2diode cutoff, power supply module only plays the role of power supply. Signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module, through quantization, coding, the analog voltage value into8bits of the digital voltage value, repeatedly to the analog voltage16AD conversion, and the16the digital voltage value and, to calculate the average value, the average value through a data bus to send AT89C51P0, accepted AT89C51 read, AT89C51will read the digital signal and software setting load normal working voltage reference range [VMIN, VMAX] compared with the reference voltage range, if not consistent, then the P1.0 output low level, close the relay, cut off the load on the fault source, to stop its sampling, while P1.1 output high level fault light, i.e., P1.3 output low level, namely normal lights. The relay is disconnected after about 2minutes, theAT89C51P1.0outputs high level ( software design), automatic closing relay, then to load the current regular sampling, AD conversion, to accept the AT89C51read, comparison, if consistent, then the P1.1 output low level, namely fault lights out, while P1.3 output high level, i.e. normal lamp ( software set ); if you are still inconsistent, then the need to manually switch S1toss to" repair" the slip, disconnect the relay control, load adjusting the resistance value is: the load detection and repair, and then close the S1repeatedly to the load current sampling, until the normal lamp bright, repeated this process, constantly on the load testing to ensure the load problems timely repair, make it work.In the intelligent load monitoring system, using the monolithic integrated circuit to the load ( voltage too high or too small ) intelligent detection and control, is achieved by controlling the relay and transformer sampling to achieve, in fact direct control of single-chip is the working state of the relay and the alarm circuit working state, the system should achieve technical features of this thesis are as follows (1) according to the load current changes to control relays, the control parameter is the load current, is the control parameter is the relay switch on-off and led the state; (2) the set current reference voltage range ( load normal working voltage range ), by AT89C51 chip the design of the software section, provide a basis for comparison; (3) the use of single-chip microcomputer to control the light-emitting diode to display the current state of change ( normal / fault / repair ); specific summary: Transformer on load current is sampled, a current / voltage converter, filter, regulator, through the analog-digital conversion, to accept the AT89C51chip to read, AT89C51 to read data is compared with the reference voltage, if normal, the normal light, the output port P.0high level, the relay is closed, is provided to the load voltage fault light; otherwise, P1.0 output low level, The disconnecting relay to disconnect the load, the voltage on the sampling, stop. Two minutes after closing relay, timing sampling.System through the expansion of improved, can be used for temperature alarm circuit, alarm circuit, traffic monitoring, can also be used to monitor a system works, in the intelligent high-speed development today, the use of modern technology tools, the development of an intelligent, function relatively complete software to realize intelligent control system, has become an imminent task, establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance. Micro controller in the industry design and application, no industry like intelligent automation and control field develop so fast. Since China and the Asian region the main manufacturing plant intelligence to improve the degree of automation, new technology to improve efficiency, have important influence on the product cost. Although the centralized control can be improved in any particular manufacturing process of the overall visual, but not for those response and processingdelay caused by fault of some key application.Intelligent control technology as computer technology is an important technology, widely used in industrial control, intelligent control, instrument, household appliances, electronic toys and other fields, it has small, multiple functions, low price, convenient use, the advantages of a flexible system design. Therefore, more and more engineering staff of all ages, so this graduate design is of great significance to the design of various things, I have great interest in design, this has brought me a lot of things, let me from unsuspectingly to have a clear train of thought, since both design something, I will be there a how to design thinking, this is very important, I think this job will give me a lot of valuable things.中文翻译：智能控制系统的开发应用现代社会电子产品日新月异正在越来越深远的影响着人们的生活，给人们的生活和工作方式带来越来越大的方便，我们的日常生活各个方面都有电子产品的影子，单片机作为其中一个最重要的应用，在很多方面都有着不可估量的作用。

Distributed Intelligent City Street Lamp Monitoring and Control System Based onWireless Communication chip nRF401Yu CHEN, Zhaoyu LIUZhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry ManagementZhengzhou, Chinae-mail: chenyu@Abstract—Traditional street lamp lighting system’s control style has disadvantage of low efficient, high cost and difficult to monitor, etc, so, it has not met modern city requirement. In order to realize distributed long distance city street lamp state automatic control in real time, we introduces a kind of wireless long distance intelligent city street lamp monitoring and control system based on SCM technology, electric power carrier communication, and wireless communication technology, etc. System is composed of upper PC, main controller, and each terminal controller. Upper PC controls main controller SCM MSP430F19, and transmits control instruction to field controller, MSP430F149 controls corresponding lighting lamp switch’s state changing by wireless transceiver nRF401. Upper PC can effectively complete wireless long distance lighting equipment control in real time. Through experiments, transmission distance can reach 1000m in maximum. In addition, we design illumination monitor equipment, which can assure lamp shut down automatically when communication network failure.Keywords-street lamp monitoring and control; MSP430F149; nRF401; wireless communication; AT89C51; electric power carrier communicationI.I NTRODUCTIONStreet lamp lighting is city part of infrastructure, which plays important position at traffic safety, society security, people living, city appearance style and feature, as well as making a city strength and mature degree. Traditional street lamp controlling adopts time-controller or transformer (distribution box) to realize decentralized control, which has disadvantages of bad centralized management, and high failure rate. Due to without long distance data collection and communication function, street lamp management in real time has not been realized, so, lamp working, operation result, etc can not be centralize monitor, record, and static, which usually can not get timely maintenance. This paper introduces a kind of street lamp long distance monitoring and control system through research work principle, realization, and character, etc based on SCM technology, wireless communication technology, etc after analyzing disadvantages of traditional monitoring and control system. This system realizes lighting according to needed, and monitor alarming, which complete long distance street lamp monitoring and control and has stronger feasibility. [1]II.S YSTEM C OMPOSITION AND P RINCIPLE System is composed of each single lamp monitoring-control terminal controller equipment, street lamp monitor central station and upper PC, etc. Each street lamp monitor central station connects with work central station by wireless transmission, and central station links with upper PC through RS232/485 or USB interface by wire style. According to different of geographical distribution situation, each work central station connects with one or multiple work slave station by wireless communication links. Upper PC obtains lighting equipment switch state by communicating with terminal equipment. And work central station can communicate with upper PC by RS232/485 or USB bus interface. Upper PC displays field lighting equipment state in real time.Each single lamp monitor-control terminal controller can realize lighting lamp start or close by upper PC, because city lamp distance is longer, we can make street lamp monitor central station as data collection equipment through electric power carrier line as communication medium. That is to say, after central station connected, then connects with upper PC through interface, which can fit to large scale field needs of city and realize longer distance data transmission. Distributed network structure principle is shown as Figure 1.Figure 1. Distributed lamp monitoring and control system structure.Each monitor terminal lower PC can itself set street lamp work information or download control schema through upper PC, such as clock calendar, open/close time, etc. Upper can each street lamp working state; monitor central station node can transmit instruction to upper PC through wireless jumping communication among each nodes; each street lamp node controls its working information, and realize failure2009 International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computingalarming through electric power carrier line; if some lamp node failure, beyond this node and communication, as well as feedback this information to control central and upper PC. SCM MSP430F149 acts as monitor central station controller; upper PC connects with work central station by RS232/485 or USB bus and realizes information exchange, which responds whole system monitor and management. Monitor central station controller receiver all kinds of operation control command and setting parameters of upper PC, and each field street lamp controller collects switch analogy and realize long distance lighting lamp control according to control schema. Upper PC connects work central station by RS485 or USB bus interface; gets and storages monitoring data through work slave station uploading monitoring data. As well as downloading control schema and avoid system out of control phenomenon appearance because of network failure. In addition, each single street lamp controller has ability of light-intensity detection module, which can realize automatically on-off according to night or day.III. H ARDWARE C IRCUIT D ESIGNSystem street lamp monitor central station controller adopts America TI .co SCM of MSP430F149; it is a kind of low power mix-signal controller, which has 16 bit RSIC structure, 16 bit register and constant generator of CPU. On running of CPU, if it goes wrong, DCO will automatically start, and assures system work normally. If program error, we can set watch dog to solve it. And on program fleeting, watch dog will appear overflow situation, watch dog will produce reset signal, and make system restart, which can assure system running stability.A. Single Lamp Monitoring EquipmentMain function of single lamp monitor terminal is switch on-off of controlling lamp, collecting lamp working information in real time, and communication with monitor central station controller, its hardware module frameFigure 2. Single lamp monitoring and control system structure.ISL29000 working lighting intensity range is between 1lux and 10000lux, and can transfer it into currency; outputting currency is proportional to receiving lightingintensity of photodiode. Outputting currency is converted into voltage, calculate outer circumstance lighting intensity through A/D conversion, and SCM judges if street on or off. Through lighting intensity monitor module, system can realize to automatically control street lamp on-off to avoid communication failure. Lower PC can get each street lamp terminal address through setting digital port coding, and realize relay driving on-off state, as well as using currency transformer to obtain lamp working state information.Single lamp monitor terminal adopts SCM AT89C51, and realize communication with MSP430F149 through electric power carrier communication. Electric power communication module is composed by electric power carrier communication professional chip SSC P300 and SSC P111. [2]B. Wireless Transceiver Circuit DesignSystem adopts nRF401 wireless transceiver chip of Nordic of Norway as core of wireless communication module [3]. Core architecture of Bluetooth technology, the ability of anti-jamming is very strong of type of modulation FSK. The working frequency is stable and reliable and peripheral components are few. So it is adapt to design portable hand-in products. Owing to its low transmitting frequency, high receiving sensitivity and carrier frequency which value is 433MHz of ISM frequency band. nRF401 satisfies the demands of wireless supervisor and permitting license is unnecessary. nRF401 can convert standby state to common one or transmitting state to receiving one. According to real design demands, the control port PWR_UP, CS, TXEN of nRF401 connects to SCM through pull down resistance. So, when the corresponding port of MSP430F149 is in input state, owing to pull down resistance, the current consumption is nearly zero. [4] Because SCM of MSP430F149 series automatically has serial communication ports, it can be connected to transceiver circuit of nRF401. Level transform is unnecessary. The working frequency band of Radio frequency module is set by the interface CS of serial peripheral equipments of nRF401.In addition, through adjusting bias resistance of RF_PWR port, radiated power can be adjusted. The maximum radiated power can be +10dBm. Also, the chip’s VCO circuit needs external connection of VCO inductance whose value is 22nH and the inductance is very crucial. Q>433MHz, the precision is 2%. The wireless transceiver principle is shown as Figure 3.Figure 3. Wireless communication module.The structure of inspection device is as same as each detection apparatus wireless transceiver unit. The wireless interface is designed to be coil aerial with small bulk and low costs and it can be corroded to PCB board directly. It is very suit to portable and low consumption productions.C.System Anti-jamming DesignTo prevent electromagnetic jamming, this system adopts anti-jamming measure; because electromagnetic jamming frequency segment is 0.1Hz~50MHz, so, system communication adopts frequency 433MHz, which can avoid main electromagnetic interference.Under field circumstance, antenna selection can improve system anti-jamming function, so, inspection touring station selects high-gain omni-directional antenna. To avoid much more terminal station number, antenna tuning of PCB outer, and trouble of circle antenna field tuning, etc. We select low price single whip antenna and fix it on top of suitable position, which can obtain best transceiver effect. nRF401 DC near VDD adopts high character capacity to decouple, nRF401 power has been filtered and let it isolates with digital circuit. In addition, because inspection touring equipment controller connects with central station PC by RS-485 bus, output port is double end balance driver, input port is double different amplifier. So, jamming noise can be cancelled out.Because work slave station single lamp monitoring and control equipment has delay switch action, which producing micro variable voltage du/dt, and micro currency di/dt are all jamming source. Method of reducing jamming source du/dt is parallel capacity, and reducing jamming source di/dt is series inductance or resistance to increase fly wheel diode. In this system, we increase fly wheel diode of delay coil to eliminate jamming of reverse electromotive force when disconnecting coil. But, if only add fly wheel diode will produce time delay, so, we add zener diode to realize action more times in unit time. [5]IV.S YSTEM S OFTWARE D ESIGNSoftware design is anther key to realize system function. To convenient to replant and resource sharing, software system adopts structured process design scheme, which can make system has better modularity and portability. Software design is composed of single lamp monitor-control program, street lamp monitor central station control program, upper PC display-control program, wireless communication program, etc. Key of system software design is street lamp monitor station and wireless communication module design, etc. Single lamp monitor-control slave station software is responsibility to data collection and communication, etc. Wireless communication module is made up of initial program, transmitting and receiving program, etc. Because system any one of nodes can communicate with other nodes at any time. So, each monitor-control node communication program is basic same. Main program of system includes two parts, which one is street lamp monitor central station MSP430F149 receiving upper PC correct instruction, then transmitting corresponding instruction to field lighting lamp. The other part is controlling each single lamp state according to receiving instruction.A.Upper PC CommunicationUpper PC adopts VB language to design friend man-machine interface, which can reach higher control demand, and cost is lower. As well as meet many number control system requirement. We use Microsoft Comm Control communication control file that VB provides, only need compiling little program code, and can realize data transceiver. MSP430F149 SCM adopts IARC430 language to design and complete communication with upper PC. Upper PC monitor software structure flow is shown as Figure 4.Figure 4. Monitor program flow of upper PC.B.Wireless Transceiver ModuleDesign of transceiver module communication between monitor central station controller MSP430F149 and lower PC controller AT89C51 is connected through wireless transceiver nRF401 chip, which realizes data transmission. When transceiver module has transmitting or receiving task, SCM fulfills by interruption style, which assures control main program running normally. [6]Transmission data must fit communication protocol that can be recognized by receiver. So, we need packet data, and add protocol head, transmission length, check, etc. Packet data can be sent into interface, and transmitted by wireless module. Data marking head is used to express a new data block’s starting; block length assures data can not be lost. On programming, we should pre-design communication protocol and think data error correction. Error correction can adopts checksum style or CRC check style, checksum is adding data except marking head, which assures receiving data can not error because of circumstance jamming. Transceiver process flow is shown as Figure 5.Figure 5. Wireless transceiver process flow diagram.C.Single Lamp Monitor ModuleSingle lamp monitor terminal management module, which mainly completes function of monitor controller and single lamp monitor address setting, adding, and modifying, etc; single lamp state controlling and checking module, which mainly completes central station controller time adjusting, single lamp switch controlling and state monitoring, as well as on line programming timing-controlling, and night lamp controlling, etc; failure alarming module, which is realize street lamp remote abnormal, state abnormal, or currency failure, etc recording and alarming in sound-light style, until processing in time after user notice normal; lighting lamp rate module, maintenance management module, etc.V.E XPERIMENT AND C ONCLUSIONS This paper designs a wireless long distance lighting control system based on electric power carrier communication and wireless communication technologies, and based on chip of SCM MSP430F149, AT89C51 and nRF401, etc, which realizes centralized management and distributed control function, etc. Experiment results show that transmission distance between a PC and multi work slave station controller can reach 1000m through system experiment, and completes field street lamp lighting equipment control accuracy. This paper mainly introduces hardware and software design of wireless communication module and upper PC interface module. System uses VB visualization character to design application program, and realizes lighting lamp long distance automatically control effect under Windows circumstance. System has many advantages of high anti-jamming, better expansibility, simple structure, low cost, and strong practicality. [7] System adopts wireless data transmission technology, it not only improves snr (signal-to-noise ratio) and monitors precision, but also avoids many heavy works such as signal transmission cable traffic, cable routing, cable connection, and cable monitor, etc. And reduce monitor and system monitor workload, time and cost, so, in great degree, it has broader applicability and better economy. If we change measurement style, for example, fix other monitor sensor, and modify corresponding software, we can easy to realize many other industry control value monitor in real time. Such as coal mine harmful gas concentrations monitor, grain storage temperature monitor, intelligent building monitor, etc. So, system has better popularization value and application prospect.VI.C ONCLUSIONSThis paper introduces street lamp long distance upper PC monitoring and control system design method, structure, and design hardware/software, etc. System uses wireless communication technology and electric power carrier cable communication technology, etc, which completes city street lamp monitoring and control in real time. System can also find failure in time and easy to maintenance, and reach to save energy on night lamp controlling, as well as on line program dividing groups’ timing control, which can assure lighting lamp rate, so, it realizes city street lamp information management.System adopts advanced street lamp long distance monitoring and control technology, which makes system has advantages of high automation, reliable operation, high efficiency power saving, and convenient to maintenance, etc, which can make up insufficiency of traditional street lamp lighting system.R EFERENCES[1]Cui Guimin, Qin Huibin, Luo You.“The Study ofWirelessStreetLampControl System,” Electronics & Packaging, 2007.12, p.42.[2]Tang Guizhong, Zhang Guangming, Ji Chuihua. “Design of WirelessMonitor Terminal for City Street Lamp Based on MSP430,”Microcomputer and Information, 2004.9, pp. 77-79.[3]Nordic VLSI. “nRFTM Radio Protocol Guidelines Nan400-07,”Http://www.nvlsi.no. 2002.12.[4]Li Jinfeng Cao,Shun Wei, Lifeng. “The Application of WirelessReceive Transmitter nRF401 in the Mine System,” Microcomputer Information. 2006.1-2, pp. 242-243.[5]Zeng Shuiping, Shi Kai. “The Design For Universal Serial Bus BasedOn MSP430F449,”China Science and Technology Information, 2008.11, pp. 143-144.[6]Han Xuejun, Liu Bintao, Chen Yonghui. “Design of Circuit BreakerTemperature On-line Monitoring System Based on Wireless Communication,” Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006.8, pp.84-85.[7]Song Chengyan, Li Yang, Mei Yunhua. “The City Street Lamp’sMonitor and Control System Based on Wireless Communication,”Microcomputer Information, 2007.2-3, p.19-20.。

自动照明控制系统的设计和实现外文文献XXX of a white LED automatic control system that maintains the XXX of an object n。

The system uses AT89S52 as the controller and light sensor ICBH1750 with I2C bus to measure then of the object n。

PWM signals are generated to control the RMSof the current。

which XXX of the white LED。

The control algorithm used is numeral PID。

XXX dimming are described in this paper。

The experiments show that the steady-state error isless than 2%。

the dynamic characteristics are excellent。

and the system can reject XXX.2 Design and XXXThe white LED automatic control system consists of three main components: the controller。

the light sensor。

and the white LED。

The AT89S52 microcontroller is used to control the system。

The light sensor ICBH1750 with I2C bus is used to measure the nof the object n。

The white LED is used to provide the XXX。

智能调光英文文献As lighting accounts for a substantial proportion of energy consumption in buildings, intelligent lighting control systems have been widely used to improve energy efficiency and create a comfortable lighting environment. Among various intelligent lighting control technologies, intelligent dimming control is one of the key components for achieving energy-efficient lighting systems. This article discusses the concept, working principle, and benefits of intelligent dimming control.1. Concept of Intelligent Dimming ControlIntelligent dimming control is a technology that adjusts the brightness levels of lighting fixtures according to the needs of users or the environment. The traditional dimming control methods, such as the triac dimmer, only dim the lighting fixtures to a certain brightness level, regardlessof the actual needs of users or the environment. In contrast, intelligent dimming control technologies, such as PWM (pulse width modulation), DALI (digital addressable lighting interface), and Zigbee, can achieve smooth and accurate dimming control, as well as provide feedback and monitoring functions.2. Working Principle of Intelligent Dimming ControlIntelligent dimming control systems work by sending commands to the lighting fixtures or the dimming devices. The commands can be transmitted wirelessly or through wired connections, such as Ethernet cables, power lines, ortwisted-pair cables. The lighting fixtures or the dimmingdevices receive the commands and adjust the brightness levels accordingly. The feedback and monitoring functions ofintelligent dimming control systems can provide real-timedata on energy consumption, failure status, and occupancy detection, which can help users or managers optimize the lighting environment and reduce energy waste.3. Benefits of Intelligent Dimming ControlIntelligent dimming control can bring many benefits to building owners, users, and the environment:- Energy saving: By adjusting the brightness levels of lighting fixtures according to the actual needs, intelligent dimming control can save up to 60% of lighting energy consumption compared with traditional dimming control methods. - Comfortable lighting environment: Intelligent dimmingcontrol can provide adjustable brightness levels, color temperatures, and color rendering indices, which can create a comfortable and adaptive lighting environment that meets the needs of different users and activities.- Healthy lighting environment: Intelligent dimming control can simulate natural daylight changes, prevent flicker, and reduce glare, which can improve visual comfort, reduce eyestrain, and enhance the circadian rhythm of human beings.- Flexible and customizable lighting scenarios: Intelligent dimming control can create different lighting scenes and modes, such as task lighting, accent lighting, mood lighting, and emergency lighting, which can meet different functional, aesthetic, and safety requirements.- Intelligent management and maintenance: Intelligent dimming control systems can provide real-time data on energy consumption, failure status, and occupancy detection, which can help users or managers optimize the lighting environment,schedule maintenance, and reduce operating costs.In conclusion, intelligent dimming control is a promising technology for achieving energy-efficient, comfortable, and healthy lighting systems. With the development of IoT (Internet of Things) and AI (Artificial Intelligence), intelligent dimming control systems can be further integrated with other building systems, such as HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), security, and occupancy, to create smarter and more sustainable buildings.。

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：智能照明控制系统文献、资料英文题目：Intelligent lighting control system 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：自动化班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目基于PWM的智能多功能台灯设计Intelligent lighting control systemAbstract:Intelligent lighting control system the main aim is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of "pre-set" control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy toensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%.Keywords: Intelligent lighting control system bus-type star-shaped structure1 The advantages of the use of the intelligent lighting control system1.1 Good energy saving effectIntelligent lighting control system using the main purpose is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of "pre-set" control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%. In addition, the intelligent lighting control system for fluorescent lamp dimming control, etc., due to the use of a fluorescent active tunable filter electronic ballast technology and reduce the harmonic content, to improve the power factor and reduce the low-voltage reactive power loss.1.2 To extend the life span of light sourceLight source can not only extend the life savings, but also significantly reduce the workload of lamp replacement, reducing the operating costs of lighting systems, management and maintenance becomes simple. Both the thermal radiation source, or gas discharge light source, voltage fluctuations are a major cause of light damage. Therefore, the effective suppression of the fluctuations in voltage can extend the life of light sources. Intelligent lighting control system can successfully suppress the surge voltage power grid, but also have a voltage limit and the conjugate stream functions of filtering, to avoid over-voltage and under-voltage damage to the light. The use of soft-start and soft turn-off technology, to avoid the impact of currentdamage to the light. Through this method, the light source to extend the life span of usually 2 to 4 times.1.3 To improve the working environment improve efficiencyGood working environment is to improve the efficiency of a necessary condition. Good design and reasonable choice of light source, lamps and lighting quality control systems, can improve the quality of lighting. Intelligent lighting control system dimming control panel module to replace the traditional lighting of the level switch control is an effective way to control the overall room illumination value, thereby enhancing the uniformity of illumination. At the same time, this control method used in electrical components have also solved the stroboscopic effect, will not create uncomfortable, confused, feeling eyestrain.1.4 To achieve a variety of lighting effectsA wide range of lighting control, the same building can have a variety of artistic effect, for a lot of construction hyperchromic. Modern buildings, lighting is not simply to meet people on the visual effect of light and shade, they should have control of a variety of programs to make buildings more vivid, more artistic, giving a wealth of visual effects and aesthetics. As an example of a project, building the exhibition hall, lecture hall, lobby, atrium, etc., if with intelligent lighting control system, according to different times, different uses, different effects, using the corresponding pre-set scene control, can achieve the wealth of artistic effect.1.5 Facilitate the management of maintenanceIntelligent lighting control system for the control of lighting based on the automatic control of modular-based, supplemented by manual control, preset lighting scenes to the parameters stored in the EPROM Digital, these information is very convenient to set up and replaced, so that building lighting management and maintenance easier.1.6 Have a high economic rate of returnOur reference point for the Shanghai region, from energy-saving lights and provincial estimates of the two made a come to this conclusion: with three to five years, the owner can recover the basic intelligent lighting control system to increase the total costs. Intelligent lighting control system can improve the environment and improve employee productivity and reduce maintenance and management costs, but also for the owners to save a substantial amount of costs.2 Intelligent lighting control system componentsWe know that the intelligent lighting control system of building control system is onlyone part of the. If you want to focus on the various control systems to the control center to control, then the control system must have the standard communication interface and protocol version. Although such a system integration is feasible in theory, but it is very difficult to put into practice. Thus, in engineering, intelligent management of our building a distributed system, distributed, that is relatively independent of each control subsystem, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system control subsystem of the relative independence, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system from the control subsystem is a signal collection and monitoring role. At present, the intelligent lighting control system in accordance with sub-network topology, the following two forms, namely, bus and star-shaped structure-based hybrid. Both forms have the characteristics of a number of bus more flexibility, easy expansion, control of relative independence, lower costs; mixed some high reliability, fault diagnosis and rule out the simple, easy access to the agreement, transfer rate higher. Engineering design, we consider the building of intelligent lighting control system as an independent subsystem, use of international standards and agreements of the communication interface text, into the intelligent building management systems. Intelligent lighting control system uses a distributed, distribution-based approach,that is, the dimming control unit is relativelyindependent, self-contained,non-interfering, through centralized management and information interfaces, and intelligent building management system linked to the achievement of the building control center subsystem of the collection and monitoring of the signal. In short, the intelligent lighting control should be the main system is a centralized management, and the main trunk and information interface components consisting of the regional implementation of the same sample of control and signal networks; its subsystems should be a dimmer by the various types of modules , control panels, illumination detector dynamic and static and dynamic components consisting of detectors, respectively, of the regional implementation of the specific control of different networks, the main system and subsystems, such as between the components through the interface to connect, to achieve data transmission.3 Intelligent lighting control system and control of the control of the contentA project to control the use of intelligent lighting control system include the following categories: technology office hall, computer center and other important room, lecture hall, such as multi-function hall, exhibition hall, conference center, lobby and courtyard, walkways and elevators, such as the Office of Public site; building facade lighting ingeneral and also by the intelligent lighting control systems to control switch signal. Control the content of the term of the Interpretation: 1 clock control Clock management, etc. through the electrical components, to achieve the normal work of regions for the state of lighting in different time control. 2 the automatic adjustment control illumination Through each module and illumination dimming dynamic electrical components such as detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting dimming control, making the region, such as illumination will not be outside with the sunshine factors change, and always maintain the default value in the illumination around. 3 control of the regional scene Through each dimmer module and the controlpanel and other electrical components, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the scene lighting control switch. 4 static and dynamic detection of control Through each dimming modules and electrical components, such as movement detectors, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of the automatic lighting control switch. 5 Reduction state of emergency control Through each of the normal lighting control module, such as dimming of the electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the normal work of the various districts in the state of lighting and to give up the number of relief, such as dimming control. 6 Manual remote control Through the infra-red remote control, to achieve under normal conditions in the regions for the normal work of the state of lighting control and manual control of the regional scene. 7 Emergency lighting control Here mainly refers to the control of intelligent lighting control system to the special region by the implementation of the emergency lighting control, including the following two controls: 1 under normal illumination and the automatic adjustment control of the regional scene with the regulation of the normal work of lighting the same manner as the control. 2 a state of emergency automatic discharge dimming control, through each of the emergency lighting dimming control module, such as electrical components, to achieve a state of emergency for the regions under a state of emergency lighting dimmers, such as giving up control, so that the accident in the state of emergency lighting to reach 100%. These are the characteristics of intelligent lighting control systems analysis and office buildings in a specific application in a number of experiences, hoping to play the role of forward, so that the field of technology in the lighting to fully play its role.智能照明控制系统摘要:智能照明控制系统的主要目的是利用“预先设定的“控制方式和控制元件对照明系统进行优化管理,智能照明控制系统在不同时期,不同程度上的照明进行精确设置和合理的节能管理。

智能照明网络控制设计荣雪娟牛平娟徐秀芝信息与通信工程学院，天津理工大学，天津300160，中华人民共和国摘要这篇文章研究的是控制器设计和智能照明网络的基本原理。

主要的控制器是TI的MSP430F123. 通过使用ZigBee模块（XBee / XBee-PRO）和GSM无线通信模块（SIM300C），照明控制能访问无线网络。

该系统使用移动电话实现无线控制家庭智能照明的开关。

关键词：智能照明控制; ZigBee模块，GSM模块，照明网络控制器中图分类号：TN431 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007 - 0206（2009）03 - 0179 - 051.引言近年来，数字家电，无线通信，无线控制，无线定位，无线网络和移动连络已经深入到我们的生活。

IT行业的快速发展，网络的普及，智能家电和单片机的强大功能，使我们的生活发生了巨大的变化。

相关信息的普及充分使这些新事物有很强的生命力和广阔的前景。

到目前为止，智能照明没有一个具体的定义。

通常它涉及到先进计算机的采用，网络通信或综合布线的技术。

它可以结合生活和家庭照明系统，使简单的生活更舒适，更温馨，更环保。

简单的了解智能照明能够使照明系统信息化和智能化。

智能照明包括两个方面：远程控制供电和室内照明。

因此，智能照明控制系统将成为今后的研究重点。

2.智能照明的优点控制系统智能照明的影响如下：（1）照明人性化。

由于在不同领域的不同的照明质量要求，我们需要调整照明控制，以实现现场控制，定时控制，多点控制等。

该程序能被灵活的修改和变换，有利的保证照明质量。

（2）提高管理水平。

为了保证照明质量，高品质的管理体系是必要的，并且把传统的开关控制转化成智能管理。

（3）能源节约。

这种智能传感器能够根据室外亮度自动调节室内照明，维持恒定亮度。

它不仅塑造了最好的室内照明环境，而且达到了节约能源效果。

根据这个领域的著作，照明设置能有效且及时的实现系统自动运行和关闭，有效地节约能源。

毕业设计(论文）外文资料翻译系别光电信息系专业测控技术与仪器班级 B090102姓名马丽娜学号 36外文出处 Spriger Link附件 1。

原文； 2. 译文2013年3月microcomputer According to the preset control strategy，the road lighting into action Street lamp intelligent management and control in different conditions normally In different states implement diversified road lighting scene，To improve the quality of lighting at the same time get the best section Can effect.1. The system hardware designControl circuit mainly to light, temperature signal acquisition，data computing and analysis, and control of street lamp driver circuit according to the results of the operation。

Circuit must have MD conversion function，adopt STCl2C5608AD single chip microcomputer as control unit, the single-chip computer as a single clock cycle enhanced 8051 kernel microcontroller，it contains 8 KB FLASH program memory，eight road lO MD conversion interface，can meet the need of data acquisition. Light intensity, temperature sensor using photosensitive resistance andthermal resistance，respectively。

介绍智能灯具英语作文In the realm of modern home innovations, smart lighting systems stand out as a testament to the seamless integration of technology into our daily lives. These advanced lighting solutions offer not only enhanced convenience but also energy efficiency and a level of customization that was once unimaginable.Smart lighting systems are designed to be controlled through a variety of means, such as smartphone applications, voice commands, or even scheduled programming. This allows users to adjust the brightness, color temperature, and color of their lights to suit their mood, the time of day, or specific activities. For instance, one can set warmer, softer lights for a cozy evening at home, or switch to a cooler, brighter setting for tasks that require concentration.One of the key benefits of smart lighting is the ability to create custom scenes and schedules. This feature can be particularly useful for simulating the appearance of occupancy when one is away from home, enhancing security through a deterrent effect. Moreover, these systems can be programmed to gradually increase light intensity in the morning, serving as a natural alarm clock that mimics the sunrise.Energy savings are another significant advantage of smart lighting. Many smart bulbs are LED, which consume less powerthan traditional incandescent bulbs. Furthermore, the ability to turn off lights remotely or automate their operation ensures that no energy is wasted on lights that are left on unintentionally.Smart lighting systems are also growing in their compatibility with various smart home ecosystems, allowing them to be integrated with other smart devices such as thermostats, security systems, and entertainment systems. This interconnectedness can lead to a truly smart home where all devices work in harmony to enhance the living experience.In conclusion, smart lighting systems are more than just a luxury; they represent a significant leap in home technology that can improve quality of life, save energy, and provide a level of control and customization that was once only available in commercial settings. As technology continues to evolve, the future of smart lighting is bound to bring even more exciting features and capabilities.。

基于单片机的智能路灯控制系统-外文文献————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系别光电信息系专业测控技术与仪器班级 B090102姓名马丽娜学号 36外文出处 Spriger Link附件 1. 原文； 2. 译文2013年3月Based on single chip microcomputer intelligent street lightcontrol system【abstract 】 A street light automatic control system design, combined with the control, electric lamp switch control function; And street lamp fault detection and fault street lamp according to the function of the number. Use on STC 89C51 as the core Control unit; Using DS1302 clock chip to control the point open to turn off the lights when street lamps; By a photosensor complete collection of ambient light and street light fault detection, so as to realize the number of optically controlled open to turn off the lights and fault street lamp display. This system Can through the RS - 232 communication port with the street light control room of the upper machine communication.【key words】STC 89C51; Clock chip DS1302; photosensorIntroductionFor the most part at present domestic cities and regions of the street lamp Lighting adopts electric control, time control and single point of electrons Control, maintenance management and manual inspections and the masses The traditional way, because of the lack of scientific and effective monitoring Means, large area lighting during the day, night not large area Light phenomenon occurs frequently, often can't find and in a timely manner Processing, not only caused power resources, human resources Cost, improve the operating costs of the system and to citizens Life bring inconvenience.Intelligent road lighting system can according to different area Domain of different functional requirements, at different times and different every day Natural light or under different traffic flow conditions, the press According to a specific setting, realize dynamic wisdom of road lighting Can management, namely the TPO management (TIME/PLACE, TIME Location/OCCASION occasions). Intelligent road lighting Control system, through the comprehensive consideration and analysis and road Ming is closely related to the intensity of illumination time, road, environment and hand it in Scene control methods of factors such as flow rate, in themicrocomputer According to the preset control strategy, the road lighting into action Street lamp intelligent management and control in different conditions normally In different states implement diversified road lighting scene, To improve the quality of lighting at the same time get the best section Can effect.1. The system hardware designControl circuit mainly to light, temperature signal acquisition, data computing and analysis, and control of street lamp driver circuit according to the results of the operation. Circuit must have MD conversion function, adopt STCl2C5608AD single chip microcomputer as control unit, the single-chip computer as a single clock cycle enhanced 8051 kernel microcontroller, it contains 8 KB FLASH program memory, eight road lO MD conversion interface, can meet the need of data acquisition. Light intensity, temperature sensor using photosensitive resistance and thermal resistance,respectively.Figure 1Figure 2Photosensitive resistor Rx and resistance R2 bleeder circuit, light intensity changes, microcontroller P1.7 pin input voltage changes, and P1.7 pin can be set up for MD conversion interface, set a threshold voltage for light intensity can distinguish between day and night. Thermal resistor Rx and R3 bleeder circuit, the temperature changes, P1.5 pin voltage change, the figure 1 watch NA L/D conversion control circuit green quality can calculate the actual environment temperature and time control to modify parameters. S1 for four dial the code switch, can be used to think.1.1 hardware designSystem hardware modules include: control module, mining Use 89 c51 to realize on STC; Sensor module, Using photosensitive resistance on the surrounding environment light Sample, using photosensitive diode on-off to street lamp equipment Obstacle detection; The clock module, using DS1302 clock chip Slice; Display module, which is made up of four LED digital tube, use To display the fault street lamp number; Sound and light alarm module, Implementation of malfunctioning of the street lamp light hint; Communication moduleBlocks, used to transmit commands from PC.1.2 module functionOn STC 89 c51 based on DS1302 clock chip Provide the clock signal, according to the following time implementation control Turn off the lights.(1) : winter time 18:00 lights at night, The next morning at 7:30 to turn off the lights.(2) age season time: the evening number is turn on the light, The next morning at 6:30 to turn off the lights.(3) in the summer time: 20:00 lights at night, The next morning at 5:30 to turn off the lights.Dynamically changes of this period of time, changes in the operation A machine to complete, through the communication module will hold instructions written to STC 89 c51 chip, then changed the point open to turn off the lights During work time.Photosensitive resistance, by appropriate wavelength of light , the current will along with the increase of light intensity, thus Realize the photoelectric conversion. To die by ADC0832 device Hold number converted to provide single-chip, STC 89c51 according to The default program realize the electric lamp switch function.(1) automatic metering, during the day (or light) When lights go out, night (dark or light) street lights automatically Light up.(2) the sensitivity is adjustable, can adjust according to need Any work under the light.(3) to prevent the instant bright light interference, the AD hoc Delay off function (to strong light, the light switch When 30 seconds to shut down automatically).Photosensitive diode is to use silicon PN knot when the light is produced A photoelectric device, light current work in reverse bias Because of the pressure. During the day light or lamp light photosensitive 2 directly Diode reverse resistance decreases, and diode conduction; Light is very Hours photosensitive diode reverse resistance increases, the diode The check. Using photosensitive diode, detection of street lamp is night Normal work. When the photosensitive diode as shows that street lamp Equipment failure or theft, acousto-optic quote on STC 89 c51 started Alarm device, at the same time in four LED digital tube display the corresponding The street number.2.The system software designThe software design of this system is divided into seven parts, mainly Including the LED digital tube display program design; Light to check the Test program design; Equipment fault detection program design; when Clock driver chip design; Open to turn off the lights program design; Communication program design; Audible and visual alarm program design, etc.Software includes: main program, system initialization, anti-fuzzy functions,A/D conversion subroutine, communication processing subroutine, keyboard processing subroutine, warp/weft clock computing functions, dial the code switch handle child, switch input processing function, the switch quantity output treatment function, display function. MCU software programming to CodeVisionAVR C compiler as a development platform, USES C written in a high-level language.3.TAGUSES the wireless transceiver module and single-chip integration design, can reduce the hardware cost of the system, convenient installation, easy maintenance. Adopt type a 15 STR micropower wireless digital module, high efficiency forward error correction channel coding technology, improves the data the abrupt interference and random interference resistance ability. Using high-speed microcontroller W7E58, improve the measurement precision of the liquid level, simplified the hardware structure of the system. The system not only for level measurement is a kind of safe and effective solutions, can be applied to other material level measurement under the bad environment.Street lamp lighting system is indispensable to the road traffic Facilities, design a kind of intelligent street light control system, right Increase induced by road, improve the driving safety at night And comfort, effectively prevent criminal activity, beautify the environment, Save power resources, has a certain practical significance and can be Development value.References[1], truth, science and technology. 8051 series single chip microcomputer C program design manual [M]. Completely People post and telecommunications press, 2006.[2] realistic technology. Microcontroller peripheral devices and applications [M]. Typical people Posts and telecommunications press, 2006, 2.[3] BianChunYuan, wang zhiqiang. MCS - 51 single chip microcomputer application development practical subroutine [M]. People's posts and telecommunications press, 2005, 9.[4] Shen Gongwei. Based on single chip microcomputer intelligent syste design and implementation [M]. Electronic Industrial press, 2005. m[5] Wan Guangyi, nine sun Ann, Cai Jianping. SOC SCM experiment, practice and should be With design - based on C8051F series [M]. Beijing university ofaeronautics and astronautics Publisher, 2006.[6] Xu Aijun Peng Xiuhua. Keil Cx51 V7.0 microcontroller programming in a high-level language and Mu Vision2 application practice [M]. Beijing: electronic industry press, 2004.[7] blockbuster, special expensive, were yu. Intelligent street light control system design and application research. The modern electronic technology, 2010. (1) : 207-207.[8] kang hua guang, Chen Taiqin. Analog part electronic technology foundation [M]. Beijing: higher education press, 2001.基于单片机的智能路灯控制系统【摘要】设计了一个路灯自动控制系统，具有时控、光控相结合的路灯开关控制功能；以及路灯故障检测并显示故障路灯编号的功能。

英语原文Intelligent Traffic Light Controlby Marco Wiering The topic I picked for our community project was traffic lights. In a community, people need stop signs and traffic lights to slow down drivers from going too fast. If there were no traffic lights or stop signs, people’s lives would be in danger from drivers going too fast.The urban traffic trends towards the saturation, the rate of increase of the road of big city far lags behind rate of increase of the car.The urban passenger traffic has already become the main part of city traffic day by day and it has used about 80% of the area of road of center district. With the increase of population and industry activity, people's traffic is more and more frequent, which is unavoidable. What means of transportation people adopt produces pressure completely different to city traffic. According to calculating, if it is 1 to adopt the area of road that the public transport needs, bike needs 5-7, car needs 15-25, even to walk is 3 times more than to take public transits. So only by building road can't solve the city traffic problem finally yet. Every large city of the world increases the traffic policy to the first place of the question.For example，according to calculating, when the automobile owning amount of Shanghai reaches 800,000 (outside cars count separately ), if it distributes still as now for example: center district accounts for great proportion, even when several loop-lines and arterial highways have been built up , the traffic cannot be improved more than before and the situation might be even worse. So the traffic policy Shanghai must adopt , or called traffic strategy is that have priority to develop public passenger traffic of city, narrow the scope of using of the bicycle progressively , control the scale of growth of the car traffic in the center district, limit the development of the motorcycle strictly.There are more municipals project under construction in big city. the influence on the traffic is greater.Municipal infrastructure construction is originally a good thing of alleviating the traffic, but in the course of constructing, it unavoidably influence the local traffic. Some road sections are blocked, some change into an one-way lane, thus the vehicle can only take a devious route . The construction makes the road very narrow, forming the bottleneck, which seriously influence the car flow.When having stop signs and traffic lights, people have a tendency to drive slower andlook out for people walking in the middle of streets. To put a traffic light or a stop sign in a community, it takes a lot of work and planning from the community and the city to put one in. It is not cheap to do it either. The community first needs to take a petition around to everyone in the community and have them sign so they can take it to the board when the next city council meeting is. A couple residents will present it to the board, and they will decide weather or not to put it in or not. If not put in a lot of residents might be mad and bad things could happened to that part of the city.When the planning of putting traffic lights and stop signs, you should look at the subdivision plan and figure out where all the buildings and schools are for the protection of students walking and riding home from school. In our plan that we have made, we will need traffic lights next to the school, so people will look out for the students going home. We will need a stop sign next to the park incase kids run out in the street. This will help the protection of the kids having fun. Will need a traffic light separating the mall and the store. This will be the busiest part of the town with people going to the mall and the store. And finally there will need to be a stop sign at the end of the streets so people don’t drive too fast and get in a big accident. If this is down everyone will be safe driving, walking, or riding their bikes.In putting in a traffic light, it takes a lot of planning and money to complete it. A traffic light cost around $40,000 to $125,000 and sometimes more depending on the location. If a business goes in and a traffic light needs to go in, the business or businesses will have to pay some money to pay for it to make sure everyone is safe going from and to that business. Also if there is too many accidents in one particular place in a city, a traffic light will go in to safe people from getting a severe accident and ending their life and maybe someone else’s.The reason I picked this part of our community development report was that traffic is a very important part of a city. If not for traffic lights and stop signs, people’s lives would be in danger every time they walked out their doors. People will be driving extremely fast and people will be hit just trying to have fun with their friends. So having traffic lights and stop signs this will prevent all this from happening.Traffic in a city is very much affected by traffic light controllers. When waiting for a traffic light, the driver looses time and the car uses fuel. Hence, reducing waiting times before traffic lights can save our European society billions of Euros annually. To make traffic light controllers more intelligent, we exploit the emergence of novel technologies such as communication networks and sensor networks, as well as the use of more sophisticated algorithms for setting traffic lights. Intelligent traffic light control does not only mean thattraffic lights are set in order to minimize waiting times of road users, but also that road users receive information about how to drive through a city in order to minimize their waiting times. This means that we are coping with a complex multi-agent system, where communication and coordination play essential roles. Our research has led to a novel system in which traffic light controllers and the behaviour of car drivers are optimized using machine-learning methods.Our idea of setting a traffic light is as follows. Suppose there are a number of cars with their destination address standing before a crossing. All cars communicate to the traffic light their specific place in the queue and their destination address. Now the traffic light has to decide which option (ie, which lanes are to be put on green) is optimal to minimize the long-term average waiting time until all cars have arrived at their destination address. The learning traffic light controllers solve this problem by estimating how long it would take for a car to arrive at its destination address (for which the car may need to pass many different traffic lights) when currently the light would be put on green, and how long it would take if the light would be put on red. The difference between the waiting time for red and the waiting time for green is the gain for the car. Now the traffic light controllers set the lights in such a way to maximize the average gain of all cars standing before the crossing. To estimate the waiting times, we use 'reinforcement learning' which keeps track of the waiting times of individual cars and uses a smart way to compute the long term average waiting times using dynamic programming algorithms. One nice feature is that the system is very fair; it never lets one car wait for a very long time, since then its gain of setting its own light to green becomes very large, and the optimal decision of the traffic light will set his light to green. Furthermore, since we estimate waiting times before traffic lights until the destination of the road user has been reached, the road user can use this information to choose to which next traffic light to go, thereby improving its driving behaviour through a city. Note that we solve the traffic light control problem by using a distributed multi-agent system, where cooperation and coordination are done by communication, learning, and voting mechanisms. To allow for green waves during extremely busy situations, we combine our algorithm with a special bucket algorithm which propagates gains from one traffic light to the next one, inducing stronger voting on the next traffic controller option.We have implemented the 'Green Light District', a traffic simulator in Java in which infrastructures can be edited easily by using the mouse, and different levels of road usage can be simulated. A large number of fixed and learning traffic light controllers have already been tested in the simulator and the resulting average waiting times of cars have been plotted and compared. The results indicate that the learning controllers can reduce average waiting timeswith at least 10% in semi-busy traffic situations, and even much more when high congestion of the traffic occurs.We are currently studying the behaviour of the learning traffic light controllers on many different infrastructures in our simulator. We are also planning to cooperate with other institutes and companies in the Netherlands to apply our system to real world traffic situations. For this, modern technologies such as communicating networks can be brought to use on a very large scale, making the necessary communication between road users and traffic lights possible.中文翻译：智能交通信号灯控制马克·威宁我所选择的社区项目主题是交通灯。

人工智能智慧照明系统英文设计方案Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System Design ProposalIntroduction:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System is a cutting-edge solution designed to optimize energy consumption and enhance user experience in lighting. By leveraging the power of artificial intelligence, this system aims to provide an efficient and intelligent solution for illuminating homes, offices, and public spaces.System Architecture:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System consists of three main components: sensors, AI algorithms, and smart lighting devices.1. Sensors:The system utilizes various sensors to collect data and analyze the environmental conditions. These sensors include motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and occupancy sensors. The motion sensors detect movement, the ambient light sensors measure the natural lighting conditions, and the occupancysensors identify the presence of users in a room or area.2. AI Algorithms:The collected data from the sensors is processed by advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. These algorithms analyze patterns and make intelligent decisions based on the data received. The AI algorithms are designed to provide optimal lighting conditions based on factors such as occupancy, natural lighting, and energy efficiency.3. Smart Lighting Devices:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System includes a range of smart lighting devices such as LED bulbs, smart switches, and dimmers. These devices are equipped with wireless connectivity capabilities and are controlled by the AI algorithms. The smart lighting devices can be easily installed and integrated with existing lighting infrastructure.System Features:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System offers several key features that make it a superior solution for lighting.1. Energy Optimization:The AI algorithms continuously monitor and analyze the environmental conditions to determine the optimal lighting levels. By adjusting the brightness of the lights based on occupancy and natural lighting conditions, the system significantly reduces energy consumption without compromising user comfort.2. Adaptive Lighting:The system learns user preferences over time and adjusts the lighting accordingly. This adaptive lighting feature ensures that users always have their preferred lighting levels, enhancing their overall experience.3. Motion Detection:The motion sensors integrated into the system detect the presence of users in a room or area. Based on this information, the AI algorithms can activate or deactivate the lights accordingly. This feature not only saves energy but also improves safety and security by illuminating spaces as and when required.4. Smart Controls:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System provides users with smart control options such as voice commands, mobile applications, and smart switches. These controls allow users to easilycustomize the lighting settings, dim the lights, and turn them on or off remotely.5. Data Analysis:The system collects and analyzes data regarding energy consumption and user behavior. This data can be used to generate reports, identify trends, and optimize the overall energy usage in a building or space.Conclusion:The Artificial Intelligence Smart Lighting System is an innovative solution that combines the power of artificial intelligence and smart lighting devices. With its energy-optimization features, adaptive lighting capabilities, motion detection, smart controls, and data analysis capabilities, this system offers a comprehensive solution for intelligent and efficient lighting. By implementing this solution, users can experience enhanced comfort, energy savings, and improved safety in their lighting environment.。

Abstract: In this paper, a brief description of evanescent wave fiber optic methane sensor for the detection of methane gas in the range of 0-10% has been given. The Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based strain sensor for condition monitoring of steel rope has been described. Laboratory model of both the sensors and their results have been enunciated. Fiber optic, being a dielectric, non-metallic, non-sparking, free from electromagnetic interferences is an intrinsically safe media and is ideally suited for the hazardous environment present in mines.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the recent past, much attention has been given towards the development of fiber optic sensors. The fiber optic technology has emerged as one of the fastest expanding technologies and its application has been realized in almost all the disciplines of transduction. In an underground coal mine, continuous monitoring of methane gas is very important because methane-air-mixture is highly explosive between 5-14.5%. Currently catalytic bead type methane sensors are used for the detection of methane gas in the range of 1-5%. Recently several workers have developed fiber optic methane sensors for mines based on different techniques [1-5]. Steel ropes are used in different hoisting system of mines and degradations are found by virtue of its environmental conditions. Pre-mature failure of wire rope may cause heavy damage of men and machineries both. Therefore, it is essential to have a continuous monitoring system for the wear and tear of steel ropes. Traditionally, the conditions of these steel ropes are monitored by visual inspection or by electromagnetic inspection (non-destructive testing NDT) at certain periodic intervals. To the best of our knowledge there is no system yet available for continuous health monitoring of hoisting system ropes. Recently fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors systems have been widely used for strain measurement in several fields such as surveillance of bridges, tunnels and mines [6-8]. The author has also explored the various possible applications of fiber optic sensors in mines [9-12]. In this paper, a brief description of evanescent wave fiber optic methane and FBG based strain sensors has been given. The laboratory model of methane sensor has been designed and developed at ISM, Dhanbad. However, the strain has been designed jointly with ISM, Dhanbad and CSIO, Chandigarh[11].2.EVANESCENT W AVE FIBER OPTIC METHANE SENSORThe experimental set up of evanescent wave fiber optic methane sensor is shown in Fig 1. In this experiment a cylindrical glass tube of 0.6 m length has been typically designed with both ends open. This tube acts as gas cell or gas chamber for the sensor. Two small windows, W1 and W2, have been provided with the tube for gas inlet and outlet near the ends. The plastic clad silica (PCS) fiber of 1 m length with 600 μ m core-diameter has been taken and approximately 50 cm length of plastic cladding has been removed from one side. This fiber has been passed through the tube carefully so that uncladportion of the fiber lies inside the tube. Some workers have used specially designed D-shaped [13, 14] fiber for detecting methane gas at 1.33 μm wavelength. In the present work we have detected the overtone weak peak of methane gas at 1.33μm. Glass tube has been sealed at both the ends. One end of the PCS fiber has been connected with the laser source of 1310 ±20 nm wave length, -10dBm adjustable power and 5 nm spectral widths and another end has been connected with power meter. Methane gas has been passed through the glass tube using aspirator. The output power (Po) for three different concentrations, i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% of CH4 gas has been recorded. Figure 2 shows the plot between the methane concentration and 1/PN, where PN (= P0/P) is the normalized transmitted power; P0 and P are the fiber transmittance in the absence and presence of the absorbing gas, respectively. A linear relation has been obtained between them. The curve shown in Fig. 2 can be considered as a calibration curve for methane sensor. Any unknown concentration between。

Based on single-chip microcomputer control classroom lightautomatic controllerABSTRACTBased on the method of controlling the lamplight, especially in the light of the status quo of the development of intelligent control are analyzed, the lamplight of intelligent control principle and realization method, is proposed based on single-chip classroom light intelligent control system design, and on the basis of the intelligent control system is developed and the corresponding software, hardware device.quo of the development of intelligent control are analyzed, the lamplight of intelligent control principle and realization method, is proposed based on single-chip classroom light intelligent control system design, and on the basis of the intelligent control system is developed and the corresponding software, hardware device.This system to control device of AT89C2051 single chip microcomputer as intelligent parts, using thermal infrared detection sensor measuring interpretation of human body, using light activated triode circuit testing environment of light intensity, According to the condition of lights, rational system of human existence by ambient light signals and the recognition and intelligent signal to the classroom, lighting circuit intelligent control, avoid the waste of a classroom. System also has many alarm functions, Also in soft/hardware in the watch-dog technique etc. Single-chip microcomputer software anti-iinterference measures adopted assembly language, modular structure design, good clear, generality, and to improve and expand. This system has the advantages of small size, high reliability and easy control, the price is reasonable, strong specificity etc, can satisfy all kinds of big, secondary colleges classroom light control requirements, to a great degree of energy-saving objective. Keywords i nfrared sensors SCM pyroelectricMost of Colleges and Universities use the traditional lighting system where we have a switch to control the lighting. Most of us i.e students and faculty members are habituated towards leaving the class room without switching the lights, Fan, Aircon etc which leads to unnecessary consumption of energy for organization and paying huge amount of bill from their budget. Some of the lighting systems have come with Remote system towards controlling the lighting and fan similar to air conditioner which is being used in homes. But still there is challenge towards leaving the lights and fans unattended when person not in the room So accordingly, we here in this research have developed Automatic lighting and control using Arduino for the efficient use of energy in Class room condition where we have divided the class room intro grids. The system developed will control lighting in particular area of class room based on the presence of human using relay control compared to the one placed in ceiling which would switch on or off based on presence of human in room irrespective of position.With the enhanced awareness of energy conservation and eye health, more and more concerns and attentions are focused on the teaching building lighting control technologies and related products. In order that the lighting management of teaching building can be facilitated and the lighting effects and lighting conditions ofteaching can be improved, the lighting automatic control system for teaching building is designed by adopting Dimmable electronic ballasts and wireless sensor network. To achieve the control of light switch and regulation of light intensity, theinfrared sensor is chosen to detect the human body and illumination sensor used to detect the illuminance values. System operation shows that the lighting control system is stable, reliable and flexible. Compared with the traditional lighting, it can generate 10%~15% energy savings in one classroom within a week by statistical estimation, which has confirmed that the lighting control system realizes significant energy savings.In order to make effective use of classroom lighting, energy saving, to design the AT89C2051 MCU as the control core of the lighting control system for classroom, according to the school calendar, light automatic adjustment of classroom lighting in the open or close. Debugging results show that the system -machine interface, for classroom lighting intelligent control, and also be applied in the library, conference room, office, office and other places, and value and broad application space.The topic for classroom lighting control, analysis of classroomlighting intelligent control principle and realization method, is put forward based on the SCM design classroom lighting intelligent control。