上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试E1SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once.While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can haveenough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You arerequired to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You will not get your ANSWERBOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.Many changes are expected to take place in transportation ________(1) in the twenty-firstcentury. The present forms of transportation will be very different in design, ________(2) andtechnology. The automobile will remain the most important method of travelling, but it willbecome totally _________(3) and have a telephone. It will be smaller and more_________(4).Gasoline mileage may rise to one hundredmiles per gallon. Other methods of transportation incities will include __________(5) and other rapid tran sit systems, buses and “peoplemovers.”__________(6) will still be the cheapest way for long-distance travelling between cities, but theywill be more ___________(7), with sleeper seats, video games, ___________(8) and even___________(9) services. Trains will change even more: they will move ___________(10) thetracks and will probably at a speed of ___________(11) miles per hour. The airplanes of thefuture will be _____________(12), faster,_________(13) and more economical, because theywill be made of _____________(14). They will carry as many as 1,000 passengers and havecomputers as __________(15). In the passenger area, ____________(16) arrangements will bemore comfortable and each passenger will have a private ____________(17). So in the newcentury our world will become smaller, because people will travel more ___________(18) and___________(19) than they do today. There will be much more contact between people fromdifferent __________(20).Part B: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: Inthis part of the test, your will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear thesentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write yourversion in the corresponding space in your ANSWERBOOKLET.(1)________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________(2)______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ____________(3)____________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________(4)__________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________________(5)________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. Youwill hear the passages onlyonce. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you arelistening.(1)______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________(2)___ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _______________________________SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES thequestions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just readand write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～3Centuries of baffling legal terminology will be laid to rest next week in one of the biggestshake ups in civil court history. From Monday, people bringing cases will be known as claimantsnot “plaintiffs” while a “writ” will become a claim form. Lay people will no longer have tostruggle with baffling Latin words and phrases in an already confusing legal system. Thechanges, part of the “big bang” in civil l egal procedure, are being driven by the LordChancellor’s Department after recommendations from Lord Wolf, the Master of the Rolls.A spokesman for the department said “This will make the law easier to follow ,taking outthe moredifficult language and replacing it with words and phrases which people canunderstand.” He likened the problem to receiving a quote from a plumber or builder wherethose inexperienced in such matters tended to go along with the technical detail without reallyunderstanding what is being proposed. As an illustration he added :“People don’t like declaringthat they don’t understand something, so that when a lawyer says they have to sign an affidavit (awritten statement in the new language) they agree without knowing what it is.”Chrissie Mah er, founder director of the Plain English Campaign, has been lobbying for 30years to get the courts to simplify their language. Two thousand Plain English members will bein court on Monday to make sure that the lawyers sick to the new language. Ms Maher saidmany people who spent years involved in litigation could not understand the outcome of theircase because it was told to them in legal jargon. She said: “It’s humiliating for people who haveto pay for the privilege of listening to lawyers.” And she added:“It cannot stop here, thecriminal courts must change now.”Monday’schangeover includes new procedures which will allow court users a “fast-track”option for small cases and a more hands-on approach by the judges aimed at saving time andmoney. Ian Magee, chief executive of the Court Service, said: “We hope the civil justicereforms will make courts easier to use. The replacement of legal and Latin terms with plainEnglish phrases is part and parcel of that process. Many current terms are confusing and difficultto understand for people who do not use courts regularly and we hope the new phrases will helppeople follow proceedings more easily.”For the first time, all 226 county courts in England and Wales will be closed tomorrow toallow installation of software to accommodate the new vocabulary and the other changes.Ian Walker, president of the Association of Personal Injury Lawyers, said that while hewelcomed the reforms he thought Monday would cause many problems for lawyers not fullyacquainted with the new procedures. “It’s all very well expecting us to be proactive anddynamic but if the technology can’t deal with the changes then there will be problems.”Some lawyers have expressed sadness at the end of a language they havespent all theirworking lives getting to understand. But there will be a period of grace for those who finddifficulty in breaking old habits and cannot adjust immediately to speaking in plain English.1. Why does the spokesman for the Lord Chancellor’s Department make the comparison betweenplumber / builder and lawyer?2. Explain briefly the Plain English Campaign and the major procedures of the civil justicereforms.3. What are the responses of lawyers to the language reform?Questions 4～6Legs are a funny business. Especially if you are trying to turn them on an expensive,computerised Italian wood-working machine but do not have the skills to program it properly—as one small Essex company found to its cost.Until Dr. David Hall took over as director, the 20 employee Thames GatewayTechnology Centre—manufacturer of reproduction furniture in Loughton—was about to spend afortune on diamond-tipped tools to keep the machines running.Working the machines at the wrong speeds was destroying conventional tools and thecompany knewin ,but could not afford to send its staff to Italy for training.Dr. Hall had the answer. The university ofEast London had technology students who werelearning exactly the computer aided design skills the company needed.Why not let them work for the company half a day a week? They would get exposure toemployment skills, argued Dr. Hall, and at the same time solve the company’s technicalproblems.The scheme was so successful that the university is building it into a final-year project, andhelped inspire agovernment-backed initiative in east London to encourage high-tech enterprisein the area through technology transfer.It is hoped this move will lead to the regeneration of a region that has been badly hit byindustrial decline, high unemployment and the lack of information technology skills to supportnew businesses.The Thames Gateway Technology Centre was founded last summer with the help of a ま7.8m government grant from the Single Regeneration Challenge Fund. It will act as an agency totransfer technology and skills from higher education centres in London’s East End to the localcommunity.The centre will make available the resources and expertise of three east London universities—the University of EastLondon, Queen Mary & Westfield College and the London GuildhallUniversity.It is also working with other east London business agencies to provide start-up companieswith access to business advice, training, technology support and financial backing.Housed at the University of East London’s campus in Stratford, the centre will move to theuniversity’s new ま40m Docklands campus opening in September, overlooking the runway ofthe London City Airport.There, 1,00square-metre site has been set aside for a technology park, consisting of28incubator units to house new company start-ups.As start-ups quickly outgrow the units Dr. Hall hopes they will move across to the RoyalBusiness Park being developed next to the university campus.“We want technology transfer to increase jobs locally, so we are looking at appliedtechnology—applications which can make use of th e area’s large semi-skilled and unskilledworkforce, rater than importing professional jobs, as happened in the development of CanaryWharf,” says Dr. Hall.The truth about technology transfer, he says, is shat if you shut an academic and a businessperson in a room foran eternity, such a transfer does not take place naturally. “We need anintermediary that will act as a catalyst for that technology transfer. The technology centre will dothat.”Dr. Hall became the technology centre’s first director last year after 15 years working in andrunning small industrial firms. Typically, he says, many start-up companies do not have anytechnology capability. “They have a guy with a good idea who wants to get that idea to market.What they are not doing is looking round the corner at the next product to follow and thetechnology needed.”In many areas of the country there is a pool of skilled labour they can call on later to do that.But east London does not have that technology platform, says Dr. Hall.4. What does the initial s entence “Legs are a funny business.” mean? What is the role of thefirst paragraph in the passage?5. Introduce briefly the Thames Gateway Technology Centre.6. What do you know about the “technology transfer” discussed in the passage?Questions 7～10The national outpouring after the Littleton shootings has forced us to confront somethingwe have suspected for a long time: TheAmerican high school is obsolete and should beabolished.In the last month, High school students present and past have come forward with storiesabout cliques and the artificial intensity of a world defined by insiders and outsiders, in whichthe insiders hold sway because of superficial definitions of attractiveness, popularity and sportsprowess.Indeed, a community’s loyalty to the high school system is often based on the extent towhich varsity teams succeed. High school administrators and faculty members are often formercoaches, and the coaches them-selves are placed in a separate, untouchable category. The resultis that the culture of the inside elite is not contested by the adults in the school. Individuality anddissent are discouraged.But the rules of high school turn out not to be the rules of life. Often, the high schooloutsider becomes the more successful and admired adult. The definitions of masculinity andfemininity go through sufficient transformation to make the game of popularity in high school anembarrassment.Given the poor quality of recruitment and training for high school teachers, it is no wonderthat the curriculum andthe enterprise of learning hold so little sway over young people.When puberty meets education and learning in the modern United States, the victory ofpuberty masquerading as popular culture and the tyranny of peer groups based on ludicrousvalues meet little resistance.By the time those who graduate from high school go on to college and realize what really isat stake in becoming an adult, too many opportunities have been lost and too much time has beenwasted. Most thoughtful young people suffer the high school environment in silence and in theirjunior and senior years mark time waiting for college to begin.But the primary reason high school doesn’t work anymore, if it ever did, is that youngpeople mature substantially earlier in the late 20th century than they did when the high schoolwas invented. For example, the age of first menstruation has dropped at least two years since thebeginning of this century and, not surprisingly, sexual activity has begun earlier in proportion.An institution intended for children in transition now holds back young adults well beyond thedevelopmental point for which high school was originallydesigned.Furthermore, whatever constraints on the presumption of adulthood existed decades agohave fallen away. Information and images, as well as the real and virtual freedom of movementwe associate with adulthood, are now accessible to every16-year-old.Secondary education must be rethought. Elementary school should begin at age 4 to 5 endwith the sixth grade. We Americans should entirely abandon the concept of the middle schooland junior high school. Beginning with the seventh grade, there should be four years ofsecondary education that we may call high school. Young people should graduate at 16, not 18.They could then enter the real world of work or national service, in which they would take aplace of responsibility alongside older adults. They could stay at home and attend junior college,or they could go away to college.At 16, young Americans are prepared to be taken seriously and to develop the motivationsand interests that will serve them well in adult life. They need to enter a world in which they arenot in a lunchroom with only their peers. estranged from other age groups and cut off from thegame of life as it is reallyplayed.There is nothing utopian about this idea—it is immensely practical and efficient, and itsimplementation is long overdue. We need to face biological and cultural facts and not prolongthe life of a flawed institution that is out of date.7. Explain the statement “the curriculum and the enterprise of learning hold so little sway overyoung people.”(para.5)8. Why does the author suggest that American high school “Should be abolished”? Give someof the major reasons according to the passage.9. Why does the author suggest that “Young people should graduate at16, not 18”?10. Explain briefly the statement “the rules of high school t urn out to be the rules of life.” (para.4)SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分，浦东因位于黄浦江以东而得名。
