ltc2943-具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片

ADI 能量监视器LTC2946，规定在商用、工业、汽
车及军用温度范围内工作
ADI 高压侧或低压侧采样的电荷、功率和能量监视器LTC2946，用于0V 至100V DC 电源轨范围。

集成±0.4%准确度的12 位ADC 和精确的外部时基（晶体或时钟）可实现优于±0.6%的电流和电荷测量准确度、以及±1%的功率和能量测量准确度。

在没有外部时基时，准确度为±5%的内部时基可以取而代之。

所有数字读数（包括电压、电流和功率的最小值和最大值）都存储在可通过I2C/SMBus 接口访问的寄存器中。

当测量值超过可配置的报警门限时，会发出一个警报信号，从而减轻了主机轮询数据的
负担。

LTC2946 允许对所有必要的参数进行访问，以准确地评估及管理电路板级能耗。

此外，其宽工作范围使该器件非常适合在刀片式服务器、电信、
太阳能和工业设备、以及Advanced Mezzanine Card （AMC）中监视电路板能耗。

LTC2946 可用 2.7V 至5V 电源直接供电、通过内部线性稳压器用4V 至100V 电源供电、或者通过内部并联稳压器用超过100V 的电源供电。

3 个通用输入/ 输出（GPIO）引脚中有两个可配置为累加器使能和报警输出。

内部ADC 可以连续扫描模式或瞬像模式工作。

在停机模式时，该器件的电流消耗从900µA降至15µA。

电量计芯片电量计芯片是一种用于测量电池电量的集成电路，用于监测和报告电池的剩余容量。

电量计芯片通常由一个ADC（模拟数字转换器）和一个微控制器组成。

ADC负责将电池的电压转换成数字信号，微控制器则对信号进行处理和计算，最终得出电池的剩余容量。

电量计芯片的工作原理是通过测量电池的电压来估计剩余容量。

电池的电压与剩余容量之间有一定的关系，通过电压的变化可以推测电池的剩余容量。

在芯片内部，ADC将电压转换成数字信号，微控制器则根据事先设定的电压与容量的对应关系进行计算。

电量计芯片的功能不仅限于测量电池的剩余容量，还可以提供其他与电池相关的信息。

例如，电池的充电状态、放电状态、充放电电流以及温度等参数都可以通过电量计芯片进行监测和报告。

这些信息对于电池的管理和保护非常重要，可以防止电池过充、过放、过温等问题，延长电池的使用寿命。

电量计芯片在电子设备中应用广泛。

在智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等移动设备中，电量计芯片是控制电池管理系统的核心部件。

它不仅可以提供对电池剩余容量的实时监测，还可以控制充放电过程，保证电池的稳定工作。

此外，电量计芯片还广泛应用于无线电、汽车电子、医疗器械等领域。

在无线电中，电量计芯片可以用于无线耳机、蓝牙音箱等设备的电池管理。

在汽车电子中，电量计芯片可以用于电动汽车的电池管理系统，确保电池的安全和稳定工作。

在医疗器械中，电量计芯片可以用于电子血压计、血糖仪等设备的电池管理，保证设备的正常运行。

总之，电量计芯片是一种非常重要的集成电路，用于测量电池的剩余容量和监测电池的状态。

它在电子设备中应用广泛，可以提供对电池的实时监测和控制，确保电池的安全和稳定工作。

随着电子设备的普及和发展，电量计芯片将会有更广泛的应用前景。

多节锂电池管理芯片
1. 电池参数监测，多节锂电池管理芯片能够监测电池的电压、电流、温度等参数，并将这些数据反馈给电池管理系统，以便系统对电池的状态进行实时监控和调节。

2. 充放电保护，管理芯片能够监测电池的充放电过程，一旦检测到电压过高、过低或是温度异常等情况，会及时切断电池与外部电路的连接，以避免电池过充、过放、过热等情况，从而确保电池的安全运行。

3. 平衡充电，对于多节电池组，管理芯片还可以实现对各个电池单体的充电平衡，确保各个电池单体的电压保持一致，延长整个电池组的使用寿命。

4. 通信接口，多节锂电池管理芯片通常还具有通信接口，可以与外部的控制器或监控系统进行数据交换，实现对电池状态的远程监控和管理。

此外，多节锂电池管理芯片还具有低功耗、高集成度、高精度等特点，能够满足不同应用场景对电池管理的需求。

在电动汽车、
无人机、便携式电子设备等领域，多节锂电池管理芯片发挥着关键作用，为锂电池的安全、稳定运行提供了重要保障。

DC1496A-A1dc1496fD ESCRIPTION Battery Gas Gauge with I 2C Interface [and 14-Bit ADC(DC1496A-B)]Demonstration circuit 1496A-A (Figure 1) features the L TC ®2941. Demonstration circuit 1496A-B features the L TC2942. Both devices measure battery charge state in handheld PC and portable product applications. The operating range is perfectly suited for single cell Li-Ion batteries. A precision analog coulomb counter integrates current through a sense resistor between the battery’s positive terminal and the load or charger . The L TC2942 adds battery voltage and on-chip temperature measurement with an internal 14-bit No Latency ΔΣ™ ADC. The three measured quantities (charge, voltage and temperature) are stored in internal registers accessible via the onboard SMBus/I 2C interface.The L TC2941 has programmable high and low thresholds for accumulated charge. The L TC2942 has programmable high and low thresholds for all three measured quantities. If a programmed threshold is exceeded, the device reports an alert using either the SMBus alert protocol or by setting a fl ag in the internal status register .L , L T , L TC, L TM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and No Latency ΔΣ is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.The L TC2941 and L TC2942 require only a single low value sense resistor to set the measured current range. The default value assembled on the DC1496 is 100mΩ for a maximum current measurement of 500mA. Both parts have a software-confi gurable charge complete/alert pin. When the pin is set for charge complete, a jumper con-nects the pushbutton which simulates a logic high input to indicate a full battery. When the pin is confi gured for alert, the same jumper is used to connect a red LED that indicates an alert is present.The DC1496A-A/B is a part of the QuikEval system for quick evaluation with a host controller through a PC.Design fi les for this circuit board are available at http://www.linear.com/demo.Figure 1. DC1496A-A/B2dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/B QUICK START PROCEDUREDemonstration circuit 1496A is easy to set up to evaluate the performance of the L TC2941/L TC2942. Refer to Figure 2 for proper measurement equipment setup and follow the procedure below.1. C onnect a 1-cell Li-I on battery across V_BAT and GND.2. Connect a load across V_CHRG/LD and GND for battery discharge measurement. Up to 500mA supplied from the battery can be measured with the board default 100mΩ sense resistor . Use SENSE + and SENSE – test points to read voltage across the sense resistor .3. Connect a 2.7V to 5.5V battery charger supply across V_CHRG/LD and GND. Up to 500mA supplied to the battery can be measured with the board default 100mΩ sense resistor . Use SENSE + and SENSE – test points to read voltage across the sense resistor .4. Connect a DC590 to 14-pin connector J1 for evaluation with QuikEval, or connect a host controller I 2C bus to the SDA, SCL and GND test turrets.5. Set JP1 to QuikEval if a DC590 is present. Otherwise set JP1 to Bat/Chrg for bus pull-up to the battery, or fl oat JP1 and supply a bus pull-up voltage to VP .6. Read and write to the L TC2941/L TC2942 through I 2C.7. Through I 2C, configure the AL /CC pin. Set JP2 accordingly.8 f AL /CC is set for charge complete, use pushbutton switch S1 to simulate a logic high from a controller to indicate a fully charged battery.Figure 2. DC1496A-A/B Basic Setup3dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BQuikEval INTERFACEThe DC1496A-A/B can be connected to a DC590 and used with the QuikEval software. The DC590 connects to a PC through USB. QuikEval automatically detects the demo board and brings up the L TC2941/L TC2942 evaluation software interface (Figure 3). Compact and Detailed FormWhen the interface is brought up, a compact form is fi rst shown with a display for the accumulated charge register (ACR), voltage ADC and temperature ADC. To expand the form for a more detailed display of the L TC2941/L TC2942 registers and board confi gurations, click on Detail. To go back to the compact form, click on Hide.Start/RefreshClick on Start to begin a polling routine that refreshes the interface every 1 second. Click on Stop to halt the poll-ing. For a single update, click on Refresh. Each refresh scans through the internal I 2C registers and updates the respective displays.L TC2941 and L TC2942 DisplayOn a refresh or poll, the software reads Status bit A[7] to determine communication with an L TC2941 or L TC2942. When an L TC2941 is detected, the voltage and temperature ADC and threshold displays are not shown. Control bits B[7:6] confi gure VBAT Alert for the L TC2941 and ADC Mode for the L TC2942.ACR DisplayThe data in the ACR (registers C and D) is displayed in one of three selected formats: Counter in coulombs, Counter in mA • hour , battery gas gauge in mA • hour , and battery gas gauge in charge percentage of battery. The two gas gauge displays correspond to the battery gas gauge full battery confi guration set in the detailed form.Voltage and Temperature ADC (L TC2942)Data from the Voltage ADC (registers I and J) and the Temperature ADC (registers M and N) is displayed here in Volts and Celsius.Figure 3. L TC2941/LTC2942 QuikEval InterfaceDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/B QuikEval INTERFACEAddress/I2C StatusThe write address for the L TC2941/L TC2942 is C8h and the read address is C9h. The alert response address (ARA) is 19h. If an error occurs while reading from the L TC2941/ L TC2942, the I2C status will read as an error. Otherwise, the status is good. If the L TC2941/L TC2942 AL/CC pin is set for alert mode and an alert has been latched, the device will pull down this pin. Click on ARA to send out an ARA on to the bus lines and the device will respond with its address. The Alert pin will then be cleared if the alert is no longer present.StatusThe individual status bits A[0:7] and their states are shown here. A red indicator next to bits A[0:5] indicates the re-spective alert is currently present and will latch the Alert pin if confi gured for alert. Bit A[7] shows if an L TC2941 or L TC2942 is detected.Sense ResistorEnter here the sense resistor value used in the application. The default for the DC1496A-A/B is a 100mΩ sense resis-tor. Check L TC2941-1/L TC2942-1 if one of these devices is used in place of the default IC. This sets the sense resistor value to 50mΩ, the value of the internal sense resistor in these devices. The sense resistor can only be changed when not polling. The software only accepts sense resis-tors between 0.1mΩ to 5Ω.Battery Gas GaugeThe battery capacity in the application is entered here. The ACR full scale (FFFFh) is set to this value and affects the two Gas Gauge ACR display options. Instead of counting up from 0 as in the Coulomb Counters, the Gas Gauge is used to count down from a full battery. The battery capacity can only be entered when not polling. The data in the ACR when a battery should be empty is calculated based off of R SENSE, and pre-scaler M, and displayed in hexadecimal below the ACR full scale.ControlConfi gurations done in the Control section write to the Control register (register B). For the L TC2941, the Control bits B[7:6] enables a battery monitor to one of three set voltage thresholds (2.8V, 2.9V, or 3V) or disables this battery voltage alert. The ADC mode with the L TC2942 is default to Sleep where both Voltage and Temperature ADCs (L TC2942) are disabled. Setting ADC Mode to Automatic Mode enables full-time the Voltage and Temperature ADC. Selecting Manual Voltage or Temperature mode enables the respective ADC once and returns the ADC to Sleep mode.Select a pre-scaler M value to scale the ACR according to battery capacity and maximum current. Changing the pre-scaler will halt the poll. A calculator tool is provided in the tool bar under Tools to assist in calculating a pre-scaler value and sense resistor (Figure 4).The AL#/CC pin can be confi gured for Alert mode, Charge Complete mode, or disabled. Select the corresponding settings on the DC1496A-A/B jumper J2.The Shutdown Analog Section is checked to disable the Analog portion of the L TC2941/42 and set the device in a low current state.Register Read/WriteData in the internal registers of the L TC2941/L TC2942 is displayed here in hexadecimal or appropriate units. Data can also be entered and written to the write registers. Enter data to be written in hexadecimal, or select Unit and enter data in decimal form. Data in decimal scale is auto corrected if the maximum or minimum full scale is exceeded. Select the ACR display in Counter (Coulombs) to be able to write to the ACR and charge thresholds in Coulombs, or select Counter (mAh) to be able to write to the ACR and charge thresholds in mA • hour. Voltage and Temperature High thresholds are rounded down in the calculations to the nearest lower count, while the low thresholds are rounded up to nearest higher count.4dc1496f5dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BSwitching back and forth between Hex and Unit can be used as a conversion tool.The LSB value for the 16-bit ACR and charge thresholds is displayed on the bottom. This value is adjusted with the sense resistor and pre-scaler M. The units are in mAh or mC depending on the selected ACR display. Shown for the L TC2942 is the LSB for the 14-bit voltage ADC, 10-bit temperature ADC, and 8-bit high and low thresholds for voltage and temperature.Calculator ToolA calculator tool is available in the tool bar options under Tools. In this calculator (Figure 4), enter the maximum cur-rent passed through the sense and the maximum battery capacity. Click on Calculate to calculate a recommended sense resistor and pre-scaler (M) value. The display shows the battery capacity in comparison to ACR full scale and provides an LSB value in mAh. Also shown is the recom-mended equation to use to determine an appropriate sense resistor as a function of the maximum battery charge and maximum current.Figure 4. L TC2941/L TC2942 Pre-Scaler and Sense Resistor CalculatorQuikEval INTERFACEDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BPARTS LISTITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURE/PART NUMBER12C1, C2CAP., CHIP X7R, 0.1μF, 25V, 0603AVX, 06033C104KAT2A24E1-E4TURRET, Test Point 0.094"MILL-MAX, 2501-2-00-80-00-00-07-035E5-E9TURRET, Test Point 0.064"MILL-MAX, 2308-241E10, E11TURRET, Test Point 0.037"MILL-MAX, 2309-150TP1, TP2(SMT Pads Only)62JP1, JP2HEADER, 3Pin 1 Row 0.079CC SAMTEC, TMM-103-02-L-S72for (JP1, JP2)SHUNT, 0.079" Center SAMTEC, 2SN-BK-G81J1HEADERS, Vertical Dual 2X7 0.079CC MOLEX, 87831-142091D1LED, RED, LIGHT EMITTING DIODES PANASONIC, LN1251CTR101R1RES., CHIP, 0.1Ω, 1/8W, 1%, 1206IRC, LRC-LR1206LF-01-R100-F113R6, R7, R8RES., CHIP, 5.10k, 1%, 0603VISHAY, CRCW06035K10FKEA123R2, R3, R4RES., CHIP, 10k, 5%, 0603VISHAY, CRCW060310K0JNEA131R5RES., CHIP, 1k, 5%, 0603VISHAY, CRCW06031K00JNEA141R9RES., CHIP, 100k, 5%, 0603VISHAY, CRCW0603100KJNEA151S1SWITCH, SMT Pushbutton PANASONIC, EVQPE105K161U2I.C., Serial EEPROM TSSOP8MICROCHIP, 24LC025-I/ST171for (J1)CABLE ASSY., 8" STRIP LINEAR RIBBON CABLE CA-24406dc1496f7dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM8dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/B Silkscreen TopComponent SideInner Layer 2PCB LAYOUT AND FILM9dc1496fDEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BI nformation furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However , no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.PCB LAYOUT AND FILMInner Layer 3Solder SideSilkScreen Bottom10dc1496f DEMO MANUAL DC1496A-A/BLinear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear .com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORA TION 2010LT 0510 • PRINTED IN USADEMONSTRATION BOARD IMPORTANT NOTICELinear Technology Corporation (L TC) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following AS IS conditions:This demonstration board (DEMO BOARD) kit being sold or provided by Linear Technology is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONL Y and is not provided by L TC for commercial use. As such, the DEMO BOARD herein may not be complete in terms of required design-, marketing-, and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations, including but not limited to product safety measures typically found in finished commercial goods. As a prototype, this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union direc-tive on electromagnetic compatibility and therefore may or may not meet the technical requirements of the directive, or other regulations.If this evaluation kit does not meet the specifications recited in the DEMO BOARD manual the kit may be returned within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY THE SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THIS INDEMNITY, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT , SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further , the user releases L TC from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge. Also be aware that the products herein may not be regulatory compliant or agency certified (FCC, UL, CE, etc.).No License is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property whatsoever. L TC assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or any other intellectual property rights of any kind.L TC currently services a variety of customers for products around the world, and therefore this transaction is not exclusive .Please read the DEMO BOARD manual prior to handling the product . Persons handling this product must have electronics training and observe good laboratory practice standards. Common sense is encouraged .This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages. For further safety concerns, please contact a L TC applica-tion engineer .Mailing Address:Linear Technology1630 McCarthy Blvd.Milpitas, CA 95035Copyright © 2004, Linear Technology CorporationDC1496A-A。

LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片特点∙可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量∙ 3.6V 至 20V 工作范围可适合多种电池应用∙14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度∙1% 电压、电流和充电准确度∙±50mV 检测电压范围∙高压侧检测∙适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量∙I2C / SMBus 接口∙可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入∙静态电流小于120μA∙小外形 8 引脚 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装典型应用描述LTC®2943 可测量便携式产品应用中的电池充电状态、电池电压、电池电流及其自身温度。

其具有宽输入电压范围，因而可与高达 20V 的多节电池配合使用。

一个精准的库仑计量器负责对流经位于电池正端子和负载或充电器之间的一个检测电阻器电流进行积分运算。

电池电压、电流和温度利用一个内部 14位无延迟增量累加(No Latency ΔΣTM) ADC 来测量。

测量结果被存储于可通过内置 I2C / SMBus 接口进行存取的内部寄存器中。

LTC2943 具有针对所有 4 种测量物理量的可编程高门限和低门限。

如果超过了某个编程门限，则该器件将采用 SMBus 警报协议或通过在内部状态寄存器中设定一个标记来传送警报信号。

LTC2943 仅需采用单个低阻值检测电阻器以设定测量电流范围。

应用∙电动工具∙电动自行车∙便携式医疗设备∙视频摄像机程序：#include <Arduino.h>#include <stdint.h>#include "Linduino.h"#include "LT_I2C.h"#include "UserInterface.h"#include "QuikEval_EEPROM.h" #include "LTC2943.h"#include <Wire.h>// Function Declarationvoid print_title(); // Print the title blockvoid print_prompt(); // Print the Promptvoid store_alert_settings(); // Store the alert settings to the EEPROMint8_t restore_alert_settings(); // Read the alert settings from EEPROM#define AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 1000 //!< The delay between readings in automatic mode#define SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 10000 //!< The delay between readings in scan modeconst float resistor = .100; //!< resistor value on demo board// Error stringconst char ack_error[] = "Error: No Acknowledge. Check I2C Address."; //!< Error message// Global variablesstatic int8_t demo_board_connected; //!< Set to 1 if the board is connected static uint8_t alert_code = 0; //!< Value stored or read from ALERT register. Shared between loop() and restore_alert_settings()//! Initialize Linduinovoid setup(){char demo_name[] = "DC1812"; //! Demo Board Name stored in QuikEval EEPROMquikeval_I2C_init(); //! Configure the EEPROM I2C port for 100kHzquikeval_I2C_connect(); //! Connects to main I2C portSerial.begin(115200); //! Initialize the serial port to the PCprint_title();demo_board_connected = discover_demo_board(demo_name);if (demo_board_connected){print_prompt();}else{demo_board_connected = true;Serial.println("Did not read ID String, attempting to proceed anyway...\nPlease ensure I2C lines of Linduino are connected to the LTC device"); }}//! Repeats Linduino loopvoid loop(){int8_t ack = 0; //! I2C acknowledge indicatorstatic uint8_t user_command; //! The user input commandstatic uint8_t mAh_or_Coulombs = 0;static uint8_t celcius_or_kelvin = 0;static uint16_t prescalar_mode = LTC2943_PRESCALAR_M_4096;static uint16_t prescalarValue = 4096;static uint16_t alcc_mode = LTC2943_ALERT_MODE;if (demo_board_connected) //! Do nothing if the demo board is not connected{if (Serial.available()) //! Do nothing if serial is not available{user_command = read_int(); //! Read user input commandif (user_command != 'm')Serial.println(user_command);Serial.println();ack = 0;switch (user_command) //! Prints the appropriate submenu{case 1:ack |= menu_1_automatic_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Automatic Modebreak;case 2:ack |= menu_2_scan_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Scan Modebreak;case 3:ack |= menu_3_manual_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Manual Modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_4_sleep_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, prescalar_mode,prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Sleep Modebreak;case 5:ack |= menu_5_shutdown_mode(); //! Shutdown Modebreak;case 6:ack |= menu_6_settings(&mAh_or_Coulombs, &celcius_or_kelvin,&prescalar_mode, &prescalarValue, &alcc_mode); //! Settings Modebreak;}if (ack != 0) //! If ack is not recieved print an error.Serial.println(ack_error);Serial.print(F("*************************"));print_prompt();}}}// Function Definitions//! Print the title blockvoid print_title(){Serial.println(F("\n****************************************************** ***********"));Serial.print(F("* DC1812A Demonstration Program *\n")); Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("* This program communicates with the LTC2943 Multicell Coulomb *\n"));Serial.print(F("* Counter found on the DC1812A demo board. *\n")); Serial.print(F("* Set the baud rate to 115200 and select the newline terminator.*\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("********************************************************* ********\n"));}//! Print the Promptvoid print_prompt()Serial.print(F("\n1-Automatic Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Scan Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Manual Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Sleep Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Shutdown Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Settings\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));}//! Automatic Mode.int8_t menu_1_automatic_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs, int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_AUTOMATIC_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control register of the LTC2943 to automatic mode as well as setprescalar and AL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code, hightemp_code, lowtemp_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Register for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); //! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code); //! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to kelvinSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to celciusSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Check statuscode for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the Serial Prompt.Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY); //! Delayfor 1s before next polling}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack)); //! if Serial is not available and an NACK has not been recieved, keep polling the registers.read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Scan Modeint8_t menu_2_scan_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs , int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SCAN_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to scan mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSBAccumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSBVoltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSBTemperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //!Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate messagein the Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Manual Modeint8_t menu_3_manual_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_MANUAL_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to manual mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerint staleData = 0; //! Stale Data Check variable. When set to 1 it indicates that stale data is being read from the voltage, current and temperature registers.do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C"));}if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else Serial.println("");checkAlerts(status_code);//! Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriatemessage in the Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));staleData = 1;Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Sleep Modeint8_t menu_4_sleep_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_t alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SLEEP_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to sleep mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));delay(100);uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSBAccumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}Serial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));checkAlerts(status_code);Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Shutdown Modeint8_t menu_5_shutdown_mode()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_SHUTDOWN_MODE); //! Sets the LTC2943 into shutdown modeSerial.print("LTC2943 Has Been ShutDown\n");return(ack);}//! Settings Menuint8_t menu_6_settings(uint8_t *mAh_or_Coulombs, uint8_t *celcius_or_kelvin, uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue, uint16_t *alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Alert Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar Value\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set AL#/CC# Pin State\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Units\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds(); //! Settings Menu to set Alert Thresholdsbreak;case 2:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(prescalar_mode, prescalarValue); //! Settings Menu to set Prescalar Valuesbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_allcc_state(alcc_mode); //! Settings Menu to set AL#/CC# modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_units(mAh_or_Coulombs,celcius_or_kelvin); //! Settings Menu to set Temperature and ChargeUnitsbreak;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Alert Threshold Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Charge Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Voltage Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Current Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Temperature Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Charge Thresholds. The ACR charge lsb size changes with respect to the prescalar and sense resistor value. Due to this variability, for the purpose of this demo enter values in hexadecimal.break;case 2:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Voltage Thresholds. Enter Values in Voltsbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Current Thresholds. Enter Values in Amperes.break;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Temperature Thresholds. Enter Values in Celcius.break;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Set Charge Threshold Functionint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter RAW Max Charge Threshold:"));uint16_t max_charge_threshold;max_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(max_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_charge_threshold); //! writeuser entered value to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter RAW Min Charge Threshold:"));float min_charge_threshold;min_charge_threshold = read_int();//! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_charge_threshold); //! writeuser entered value to HIGH threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Voltage Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Voltage Threshold:"));float max_voltage_threshold;max_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t max_voltage_threshold_code =max_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE);//! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_voltage_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Voltage Threshold:"));float min_voltage_threshold;min_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t min_voltage_threshold_code =min_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE);//! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_voltage_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Current Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Current Threshold:"));float max_current_threshold;max_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t max_current_threshold_code =resistor*max_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_current_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Current Threshold:"));float min_current_threshold;min_current_threshold = read_float();//! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t min_current_threshold_code =resistor*min_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_current_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Temperature Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float max_temperature_threshold;max_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t max_temperature_threshold_code = (max_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user entered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG, max_temperature_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float min_temperature_threshold;min_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t min_temperature_threshold_code = (min_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user enteredtemperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG, min_temperature_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Prescalar Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(uint16_t *prescalar_mode,uint16_t *prescalarValue)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge。

LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片特点∙可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量∙ 3.6V 至 20V 工作范围可适合多种电池应用∙14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度∙1% 电压、电流和充电准确度∙±50mV 检测电压范围∙高压侧检测∙适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量∙I2C / SMBus 接口∙可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入∙静态电流小于120μA∙小外形 8 引脚 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装典型应用描述LTC®2943 可测量便携式产品应用中的电池充电状态、电池电压、电池电流及其自身温度。

其具有宽输入电压范围，因而可与高达 20V 的多节电池配合使用。

一个精准的库仑计量器负责对流经位于电池正端子和负载或充电器之间的一个检测电阻器电流进行积分运算。

电池电压、电流和温度利用一个内部 14位无延迟增量累加(No Latency ΔΣTM) ADC 来测量。

测量结果被存储于可通过内置 I2C / SMBus 接口进行存取的内部寄存器中。

LTC2943 具有针对所有 4 种测量物理量的可编程高门限和低门限。

如果超过了某个编程门限，则该器件将采用 SMBus 警报协议或通过在内部状态寄存器中设定一个标记来传送警报信号。

LTC2943 仅需采用单个低阻值检测电阻器以设定测量电流范围。

应用∙电动工具∙电动自行车∙便携式医疗设备∙视频摄像机程序：#include <Arduino.h>#include <stdint.h>#include "Linduino.h"#include "LT_I2C.h"#include "UserInterface.h"#include "QuikEval_EEPROM.h" #include "LTC2943.h"#include <Wire.h>// Function Declarationvoid print_title(); // Print the title blockvoid print_prompt(); // Print the Promptvoid store_alert_settings(); // Store the alert settings to the EEPROMint8_t restore_alert_settings(); // Read the alert settings from EEPROM#define AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 1000 //!< The delay between readings in automatic mode#define SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 10000 //!< The delay between readings in scan modeconst float resistor = .100; //!< resistor value on demo board// Error stringconst char ack_error[] = "Error: No Acknowledge. Check I2C Address."; //!< Error message// Global variablesstatic int8_t demo_board_connected; //!< Set to 1 if the board is connected static uint8_t alert_code = 0; //!< Value stored or read from ALERT register. Shared between loop() and restore_alert_settings()//! Initialize Linduinovoid setup(){char demo_name[] = "DC1812"; //! Demo Board Name stored in QuikEval EEPROMquikeval_I2C_init(); //! Configure the EEPROM I2C port for 100kHzquikeval_I2C_connect(); //! Connects to main I2C portSerial.begin(115200); //! Initialize the serial port to the PCprint_title();demo_board_connected = discover_demo_board(demo_name);if (demo_board_connected){print_prompt();}else{demo_board_connected = true;Serial.println("Did not read ID String, attempting to proceed anyway...\nPlease ensure I2C lines of Linduino are connected to the LTC device"); }}//! Repeats Linduino loopvoid loop(){int8_t ack = 0; //! I2C acknowledge indicatorstatic uint8_t user_command; //! The user input commandstatic uint8_t mAh_or_Coulombs = 0;static uint8_t celcius_or_kelvin = 0;static uint16_t prescalar_mode = LTC2943_PRESCALAR_M_4096;static uint16_t prescalarValue = 4096;static uint16_t alcc_mode = LTC2943_ALERT_MODE;if (demo_board_connected) //! Do nothing if the demo board is not connected{if (Serial.available()) //! Do nothing if serial is not available{user_command = read_int(); //! Read user input commandif (user_command != 'm')Serial.println(user_command);Serial.println();ack = 0;switch (user_command) //! Prints the appropriate submenu{case 1:ack |= menu_1_automatic_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Automatic Modebreak;case 2:ack |= menu_2_scan_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Scan Modebreak;case 3:ack |= menu_3_manual_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin,prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Manual Modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_4_sleep_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, prescalar_mode,prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Sleep Modebreak;case 5:ack |= menu_5_shutdown_mode(); //! Shutdown Modebreak;case 6:ack |= menu_6_settings(&mAh_or_Coulombs, &celcius_or_kelvin,&prescalar_mode, &prescalarValue, &alcc_mode); //! Settings Modebreak;}if (ack != 0) //! If ack is not recieved print an error.Serial.println(ack_error);Serial.print(F("*************************"));print_prompt();}}}// Function Definitions//! Print the title blockvoid print_title(){Serial.println(F("\n****************************************************** ***********"));Serial.print(F("* DC1812A Demonstration Program *\n")); Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("* This program communicates with the LTC2943 Multicell Coulomb *\n"));Serial.print(F("* Counter found on the DC1812A demo board. *\n")); Serial.print(F("* Set the baud rate to 115200 and select the newline terminator.*\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("********************************************************* ********\n"));}//! Print the Promptvoid print_prompt()Serial.print(F("\n1-Automatic Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Scan Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Manual Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Sleep Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Shutdown Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Settings\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));}//! Automatic Mode.int8_t menu_1_automatic_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs, int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_AUTOMATIC_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control register of the LTC2943 to automatic mode as well as setprescalar and AL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code, hightemp_code, lowtemp_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Register for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); //! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code); //! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to kelvinSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to celciusSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Check statuscode for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the Serial Prompt.Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY); //! Delayfor 1s before next polling}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack)); //! if Serial is not available and an NACK has not been recieved, keep polling the registers.read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Scan Modeint8_t menu_2_scan_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs , int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SCAN_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to scan mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSBAccumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSBVoltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSBTemperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //!Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate messagein the Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Manual Modeint8_t menu_3_manual_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_MANUAL_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to manual mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerint staleData = 0; //! Stale Data Check variable. When set to 1 it indicates that stale data is being read from the voltage, current and temperature registers.do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C"));}if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else Serial.println("");checkAlerts(status_code);//! Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriatemessage in the Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));staleData = 1;Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Sleep Modeint8_t menu_4_sleep_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_t alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SLEEP_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to sleep mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));delay(100);uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSBAccumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}Serial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));checkAlerts(status_code);Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Shutdown Modeint8_t menu_5_shutdown_mode()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_SHUTDOWN_MODE); //! Sets the LTC2943 into shutdown modeSerial.print("LTC2943 Has Been ShutDown\n");return(ack);}//! Settings Menuint8_t menu_6_settings(uint8_t *mAh_or_Coulombs, uint8_t *celcius_or_kelvin, uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue, uint16_t *alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Alert Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar Value\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set AL#/CC# Pin State\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Units\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds(); //! Settings Menu to set Alert Thresholdsbreak;case 2:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(prescalar_mode, prescalarValue); //! Settings Menu to set Prescalar Valuesbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_allcc_state(alcc_mode); //! Settings Menu to set AL#/CC# modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_units(mAh_or_Coulombs,celcius_or_kelvin); //! Settings Menu to set Temperature and ChargeUnitsbreak;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Alert Threshold Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Charge Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Voltage Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Current Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Temperature Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Charge Thresholds. The ACR charge lsb size changes with respect to the prescalar and sense resistor value. Due to this variability, for the purpose of this demo enter values in hexadecimal.break;case 2:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Voltage Thresholds. Enter Values in Voltsbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Current Thresholds. Enter Values in Amperes.break;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Temperature Thresholds. Enter Values in Celcius.break;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Set Charge Threshold Functionint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter RAW Max Charge Threshold:"));uint16_t max_charge_threshold;max_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(max_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_charge_threshold); //! writeuser entered value to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter RAW Min Charge Threshold:"));float min_charge_threshold;min_charge_threshold = read_int();//! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_charge_threshold); //! writeuser entered value to HIGH threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Voltage Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Voltage Threshold:"));float max_voltage_threshold;max_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t max_voltage_threshold_code =max_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE);//! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_voltage_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Voltage Threshold:"));float min_voltage_threshold;min_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t min_voltage_threshold_code =min_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE);//! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_voltage_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Current Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Current Threshold:"));float max_current_threshold;max_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t max_current_threshold_code =resistor*max_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_current_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Current Threshold:"));float min_current_threshold;min_current_threshold = read_float();//! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t min_current_threshold_code =resistor*min_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_current_threshold_code); //!Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Temperature Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float max_temperature_threshold;max_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t max_temperature_threshold_code = (max_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user entered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG, max_temperature_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float min_temperature_threshold;min_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t min_temperature_threshold_code = (min_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user enteredtemperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG, min_temperature_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Prescalar Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(uint16_t *prescalar_mode,uint16_t *prescalarValue)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge。

锂电池电量检测芯片锂电池电量检测芯片简介锂电池电量检测芯片（Fuel Gauge）是一种用于检测锂电池充放电状态和估计电池电量的芯片。

它通过测量电池的电流、电压和温度等参数来实时计算电池的容量、剩余电量以及充电状态等信息，为设备提供准确的电池电量显示和保护功能。

锂电池电量检测芯片的工作原理锂电池电量检测芯片主要通过电流积分和电压比较等方式来实现电量检测。

当电池放电时，芯片会测量电池的放电电流，然后通过积分计算所消耗的电量。

同时，芯片还会检测电池的电压，并将其与预设的电压阈值进行比较，以确定电池的剩余容量和充放电状态。

锂电池电量检测芯片的特点和应用锂电池电量检测芯片具有以下特点：1. 高集成度：芯片内部集成了多种电流、电压和温度传感器，能够同时对这些参数进行测量和处理，从而实现全面的电量检测。

2. 高精度：芯片内置的精密传感器和算法能够实时准确地计算电池的容量和剩余电量，提供精确的电量显示和报警功能。

3. 低功耗：芯片采用低功耗设计，能够在工作时尽可能减少电池的耗电量，延长设备的续航时间。

锂电池电量检测芯片广泛应用于各种便携式电子设备中，如智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、无人机等。

它能够帮助用户准确了解电池的剩余容量，及时为设备充电，避免因电量不足造成的意外关机等问题。

锂电池电量检测芯片在电池管理中的作用锂电池电量检测芯片是电池管理系统中重要的组成部分，它能够监测电池的状态和健康程度，为电池管理提供准确的数据支持。

通过检测电池的充放电状态和剩余容量，芯片能够实时反馈电池的状态，帮助用户合理使用电池，延长电池的寿命。

同时，锂电池电量检测芯片还具备保护功能。

当电池电压过高或过低、温度异常等情况发生时，芯片能够通过电压比较、温度检测等方式实时发出警报，防止电池发生过充、过放、过热等危险情况。

总结锂电池电量检测芯片是一种用于检测锂电池充放电状态和估计电池电量的芯片。

它通过测量电池的电流、电压和温度等参数来实时计算电池的容量、剩余电量以及充放电状态等信息。

L T C2943-具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片特点•可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量• 3.6V 至 20V 工作范围可适合多种电池应用•14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度•1% 电压、电流和充电准确度•±50mV 检测电压范围•高压侧检测•适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量•I2C / SMBus 接口•可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入•静态电流小于120μA•小外形 8 引脚 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装典型应用描述LTC®2943 可测量便携式产品应用中的电池充电状态、电池电压、电池电流及其自身温度。

其具有宽输入电压范围，因而可与高达 20V 的多节电池配合使用。

一个精准的库仑计量器负责对流经位于电池正端子和负载或充电器之间的一个检测电阻器电流进行积分运算。

电池电压、电流和温度利用一个内部 14位无延迟增量累加(No Latency ΔΣTM) ADC 来测量。

测量结果被存储于可通过内置 I2C / SMBus 接口进行存取的内部寄存器中。

LTC2943 具有针对所有 4 种测量物理量的可编程高门限和低门限。

如果超过了某个编程门限，则该器件将采用 SMBus 警报协议或通过在内部状态寄存器中设定一个标记来传送警报信号。

LTC2943 仅需采用单个低阻值检测电阻器以设定测量电流范围。

应用•电动工具•电动自行车•便携式医疗设备•视频摄像机程序：#include <Arduino.h>#include <stdint.h>#include "Linduino.h"#include "LT_I2C.h"#include "UserInterface.h"#include "QuikEval_EEPROM.h"#include "LTC2943.h"#include <Wire.h>// Function Declarationvoid print_title(); // Print the title blockvoid print_prompt(); // Print the Promptvoid store_alert_settings(); // Store the alert settings to the EEPROMint8_t restore_alert_settings(); // Read the alert settings from EEPROM#define AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 1000 //!< The delay between readings in automatic mode#define SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 10000 //!< The delay between readings in scan modeconst float resistor = .100; //!< resistor value on demo board// Error stringconst char ack_error[] = "Error: No Acknowledge. Check I2C Address."; //!< Error message// Global variablesstatic int8_t demo_board_connected; //!< Set to 1 if the board is connected static uint8_t alert_code = 0; //!< Value stored or read from ALERT register. Shared between loop() and restore_alert_settings()//! Initialize Linduinovoid setup(){char demo_name[] = "DC1812"; //! Demo Board Name stored in QuikEval EEPROMquikeval_I2C_init(); //! Configure the EEPROM I2C port for 100kHzquikeval_I2C_connect(); //! Connects to main I2C portSerial.begin(115200); //! Initialize the serial port to the PCprint_title();demo_board_connected = discover_demo_board(demo_name);if (demo_board_connected){print_prompt();}else{demo_board_connected = true;Serial.println("Did not read ID String, attempting to proceed anyway...\nPlease ensure I2C lines of Linduino are connected to the LTC device"); }}//! Repeats Linduino loopvoid loop(){int8_t ack = 0; //! I2C acknowledge indicatorstatic uint8_t user_command; //! The user input commandstatic uint8_t mAh_or_Coulombs = 0;static uint8_t celcius_or_kelvin = 0;static uint16_t prescalar_mode = LTC2943_PRESCALAR_M_4096;static uint16_t prescalarValue = 4096;static uint16_t alcc_mode = LTC2943_ALERT_MODE;if (demo_board_connected) //! Do nothing if the demo board is not connected{if (Serial.available()) //! Do nothing if serial is not available{user_command = read_int(); //! Read user input commandif (user_command != 'm')Serial.println(user_command);Serial.println();ack = 0;switch (user_command) //! Prints the appropriate submenu{case 1:ack |= menu_1_automatic_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Automatic Modebreak;case 2:ack |= menu_2_scan_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Scan Modebreak;case 3:ack |= menu_3_manual_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Manual Modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_4_sleep_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Sleep Modebreak;case 5:ack |= menu_5_shutdown_mode(); //! Shutdown Modebreak;case 6:ack |= menu_6_settings(&mAh_or_Coulombs, &celcius_or_kelvin,&prescalar_mode, &prescalarValue, &alcc_mode); //! Settings Modebreak;}if (ack != 0) //! If ack is not recieved print an error.Serial.println(ack_error);Serial.print(F("*************************"));print_prompt();}}}// Function Definitions//! Print the title blockvoid print_title(){Serial.println(F("\n*****************************************************************"));Serial.print(F("* DC1812A Demonstration Program *\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("* This program communicates with the LTC2943 Multicell Coulomb*\n"));Serial.print(F("* Counter found on the DC1812A demo board. *\n"));Serial.print(F("* Set the baud rate to 115200 and select the newline terminator.*\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("*****************************************************************\n"));}//! Print the Promptvoid print_prompt(){Serial.print(F("\n1-Automatic Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Scan Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Manual Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Sleep Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Shutdown Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Settings\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));}//! Automatic Mode.int8_t menu_1_automatic_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs, int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_AUTOMATIC_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control register of the LTC2943 to automatic mode as well as set prescalarand AL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code, hightemp_code, lowtemp_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Register for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); //! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code); //! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to kelvinSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to celciusSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the Serial Prompt.Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY); //!Delay for 1s before next polling}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack)); //! if Serial is not available and an NACK has not been recieved, keep polling the registers.read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Scan Modeint8_t menu_2_scan_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs , int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SCAN_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to scan mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Checkstatus code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in theSerial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Manual Modeint8_t menu_3_manual_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_MANUAL_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to manual mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerint staleData = 0; //! Stale DataCheck variable. When set to 1 it indicates that stale data is being read from thevoltage, current and temperature registers.do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSBVoltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C"));}if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else Serial.println("");checkAlerts(status_code); //!Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message inthe Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));staleData = 1;Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Sleep Modeint8_t menu_4_sleep_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_t alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SLEEP_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to sleep mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));delay(100);uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}Serial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));checkAlerts(status_code);Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Shutdown Modeint8_t menu_5_shutdown_mode()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG, LTC2943_SHUTDOWN_MODE); //! Sets the LTC2943 into shutdown modeSerial.print("LTC2943 Has Been ShutDown\n");return(ack);}//! Settings Menuint8_t menu_6_settings(uint8_t *mAh_or_Coulombs, uint8_t *celcius_or_kelvin, uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue, uint16_t *alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Alert Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar Value\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set AL#/CC# Pin State\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Units\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds();//! Settings Menu to set Alert Thresholdsbreak;case 2:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(prescalar_mode, prescalarValue); //! Settings Menu to set Prescalar Valuesbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_allcc_state(alcc_mode);//! Settings Menu to set AL#/CC# modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_units(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin); //! Settings Menu to set Temperature and Charge Unitsbreak;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Alert Threshold Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Charge Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Voltage Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Current Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Temperature Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Charge Thresholds. The ACR charge lsb size changes with respect to the prescalar and sense resistor value. Due to this variability, for the purpose of this demo enter values in hexadecimal.break;case 2:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Voltage Thresholds. Enter Values in Voltsbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Current Thresholds. Enter Values in Amperes.break;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Temperature Thresholds. Enter Values in Celcius.break;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Set Charge Threshold Functionint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter RAW Max Charge Threshold:"));uint16_t max_charge_threshold;max_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(max_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_charge_threshold); //! write user entered value to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter RAW Min Charge Threshold:"));float min_charge_threshold;min_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_charge_threshold); //! write user entered value to HIGH threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Voltage Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Voltage Threshold:"));float max_voltage_threshold;max_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t max_voltage_threshold_code =max_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE); //! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_voltage_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Voltage Threshold:"));float min_voltage_threshold;min_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t min_voltage_threshold_code =min_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE); //! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_voltage_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Current Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Current Threshold:"));float max_current_threshold;max_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t max_current_threshold_code =resistor*max_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_current_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Current Threshold:"));float min_current_threshold;min_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t min_current_threshold_code =resistor*min_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_current_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Temperature Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float max_temperature_threshold;max_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t max_temperature_threshold_code = (max_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert userentered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG,max_temperature_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float min_temperature_threshold;min_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t min_temperature_threshold_code = (min_temperature_threshold + 273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user entered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG,min_temperature_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to LOW threshold register return(ack);}//! Prescalar Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Prescalar M = 1\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar M = 4\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Prescalar M = 16\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Prescalar M = 64\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Set Prescalar M = 256\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Set Prescalar M = 1024\n"));Serial.print(F("7-Set Prescalar M = 4096\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();。

M2943电源芯片资料1、首先检查7pin所连接的电解电容(或者反馈线圈所连接的电解电容)，查看其容量是否符合要求，如该电容容量明显减小，更换后应该不起振的故障就能恢复;如该电容正常，进行下一步检查。

2、在电路板上单独给uc/uc的7pin加16v电压，测量其8pin是否有5v，如果测量8pin有5v电压存在，则说明此芯片没有问题;如没有5v电压，须将uc/uc拆下单独检查数据16v至7pin，测量8pin与否存有5v，如果仍然没5v，则可以证明芯片已经损毁;如果测量8pin存有5v存有，则必须就是与8pin相连接的外围元器件与地之间存有短路存有。

此步骤主要就是检测c/uc芯片本身与否损毁，如果芯片没损毁，基本可以排除故障出来在初级部分，可以展开下一步检查。

(附于：检测uc/uc芯片损毁是否的另一种方法为：在检测回去芯片外围元器件(或更改回去外围损毁的元器件)后，先连上电源开关管，提输出电测uc/uc的7pin电压，若电压在10—17v间波动，其余各脚分别也存有电压波动，则表明电路已起振，uc基本正常，若7脚电压高，其余管脚并无电压或电压不波动，则uc/uc纸机。

)3、检查次级侧，推测应该是次级由于输出过载或短路，导致电流增大，进而反映到初级侧使uc/uc芯片的3pin实现保护，这就需要对次级侧实现过流保护功能的电子元器件进行逐一测量，直至查出故障。

现将uc/uc芯片正常工作时主要引脚电压列于下面：1pin：1.5v ,2pin：2.5v ,3pin：0.v ,6pin：1.05v ,7pin：14.1v ,8pin：5 v。

芯片一般是指集成电路的载体，也是集成电路经过设计、制造、封装、测试后的结果，通常是一个可以立即使用的独立的整体。

“芯片”和“集成电路”这两个词经常混着使用，比如在大家平常讨论话题中，集成电路设计和芯片设计说的是一个意思，芯片行业、集成电路行业、ic行业往往也是一个意思。

实际上，这两个词有联系，也有区别。