【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(一)动词的时态和语态

动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。

动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。

第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。

动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。

因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。

②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。

The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。

③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。

(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。

We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。

②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。

He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。

单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(一)动词的时态Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.解析：首先确定该动词为主句的谓语动词；其次根据宾语从句的谓语动词had以及上下文的时态等为一般过去时，故该谓语动词应使用一般过去时；最后，主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。

2．(2019·北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.解析：考查动词的时态。

本句叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填voiced。

3．(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question suggests/suggested/has_suggested (suggest) that，for most students，it doesn't.解析：考查动词的时态。

本文的主题时态是一般现在时，主语是research，可以用suggests；又可以表示“研究已经表明了”，用现在完成时，可以填has suggested；又可以表示“研究过去表明了”，可以用一般过去时，填suggested。

4．(2019·浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.解析：考查时态和语态。

2024高考英语语法知识点归纳总结动词的时态和语态
动词的时态：
1.一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性、普遍性、客观真理等情况。

2.现在进行时：表示现阶段正在进行的动作或正在进行的状态。

3.一般过去时：表示过去一些时间点或一段时间内发生的动作或存在
的状态。

4.过去进行时：表示过去其中一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。

5.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或仍然存在的
情况。

6.过去完成时：表示过去一些时间点或时间段之前已经发生的动作。

7.将来时：表示将来一些时间点或时间段内将要发生的动作或存在的
状态。

动词的语态：
1.主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者或主体。

2.被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，且强调动作对主体的影响。

需要注意的是，动词的时态和语态的变化通常是通过助动词来实现的。

如一般现在时使用do/does，现在进行时使用be动词+现在分词，现在完
成时使用have/has等。

此外，有些动词的时态和语态形式不规则，需要
进行记忆和熟练应用。

高三一轮语法专题复习---动词的时态和语态一．单句填空1.The celebrations __________(set) on Saturday，March 17 and most activities were organized at the weekend.2.The party ______________(hold) in memory of heroes who died in the war every year.3.Thanks to about 20 technology companies, brightly colored shared bikes___________ (flood) into big cities in the last few years.4.The research suggests a strong positive link ___________(exist) between movement and improved academic performance.5.The beautiful Jiangsu folk song Jasmine Flower____________(choose) as the music played at the award ceremony in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, bringing us both national pride and great artistic enjoyment.6.Lots of kids hate school, a new study found. This kind of feeling usually doesn’t last long. But what ____________ (happen) if you feel this way too much?7.The house _____________(decorate) now for the new year’s celebration.8.I have been seeking what I want all these years, but up to now I _________(achieve) nothing.9.Our foreign guests _________(fly) back to London this time the day after tomorrow.10.Hurry up! Mark and Carol (expect) us.11.To our great relief, the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we ____________ (imagine).12.Up to now, she __________(observe) the chimps for ten years and she has decided to carry on her career for another twenty years.13The first time he met the girl he ________(strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her.rry’s parents made up their mind that they __________(buy) a new house once they saved enough money.15.As you go through this book,you ___________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.16.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third (use) regularly last year.17.More than one doctor __________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.18.The League secretary and monitor __________(ask) to make a speech at the meeting last week.19.Now, a new study suggests that Greenland ____________(be) entirely ice free at some point in the last 1.25 million years.20.In response to the audiences’ great demand，the play ___________(put) on twicea week next month.21.Harvest Festival used to ___________(celebrate) at the beginning of the harvest season.22.The experiment was conducted by researchers in Germany, whose findings_________________( publish ) in the scientific journal PLOS One.23.Like all big cities, Paris has traffic problems： lots of cars, traffic jams, and pollution from exhaust fumes(废气）.So since 2007, the city___________________(begin) a plan to improve the situation.24.In Chinese culture, each year is related to an animal according to the 12-year-cycle.People born during the year ____________ ( believe) to possess some of the animal’s characteristics.25.The hardest part ____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory for to read from the paper was not allowed.26Not only (China, pay) great attention to corruption in soccer, but a lot of progress has been made.27.All of the guests __________(appear) by ten o'clock, but thehost __________(not appear) until 20 minutes later.28Only when you can find peace in your heart good relationships with others.(will you keep, you will keep)29.To my great joy, I got a chance to take a photo with Andy after the concert, whichI ______________(look) forward to for years.30.I am sorry I can’t meet you at the station. I __________(leave) by the time you come back from abroad.31.The noodles which__________(keep) in the kitchen cupboard didn't go bad.32.There are lots of problems in the city, but we’re happy to see some of them_______________ (solve) at present.33.The doctor added that the number of people who suffered from thedisease __________(expect) to drop in the coming weeks.34.My washing machine __________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.35.— __________(do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.36.Dashan，who ______________(learn )crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.37.In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.38.If you are discovered smoking,you__________(fine).二．单句改错1.His money is being running out.2.I am glad to hear that you are going to Canada to study. So I was writing to tell you something about this country.3.Your friend would not understand what you are go through now.4.This time yesterday,they have had lunch.5.He's running a restaurant since he left school.6.She looks very tired.She had worked all day.7.Why are you so late? I’ve been waited for you for a long time.8.I hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.9.A new village for the athletes will be bulid to the east of London.10.By the time the tornado ended, many houses had ruined.11.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could put in prison12. The land that can used to grow crops turns into desert.13.Now a plan is carried out by our government to solve the education problems.14.I am told that these books are not allowing to be taken out of the reading room.15.The Langcang River called the Mekong River in the other countries.16.The London Eye was designed by David Marks and Julia Barfield for a competition, which a British newspaper was organized in 1993.17.The player was extremely exhausted and fall behind during the last minutes.18.As I grew older and could read by myself, my father often takes me to bookstores and left me there reading.19.If the water is too hot, nutrients in the tea will destroyed. On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea won’t unfold.20.If you want to know what was happened that day, please ask the police.21.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people will be persuaded to eat more fruits and vegetables.22.The Langcang River called the Mekong River in the other countries.23.He is brought up in Hannibal, Missouri, along the Mississippi River when he was young.24.Today, only 3 percent of Noble Prizes for Science have awarded to women since the awards began in 1901.25.Now a plan is carried out by our government to solve the education problems.26.Rain is of great importance to us. Without rain，our water supply would cut off and we would die, so would plants and animals.27.Imagine a time when people feel like they’re inside their favourite video games，or can travel the world without leaving home. This will become possible as virtual reality continued to develop.28.No matter what they are doing, waiting for the bus or having dinner with some friends, smart phones are always in their hands. It seems that the smart phone had controlled their life totally.29.As a traditional Chinese folk art, the shadow play has been existed in China for centuries. It dates back to the Han Dynasty.30.A cook will be immediately fired if he found smoking in the kitchen.31.I’d like to learn something about the brand of the knife that advertised o n your website.32.The great statue, which designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten yearsto complete.33.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is repaired.34.Having turned the backpack inside out,we assumed that it must have left in the taxi. 三．单选1.A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.﹣Why are the Woods selling their belongings?﹣They_______ to another cityA.had movedB.have movedC.movedD.are moving3.Around this point ______, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavorA.the story developsB.does the story developC.develops the storyD.the story developed4.Wherever you ______, you will receive a warm welcome.A.goB.goingC.will goD.gone5.The cost of living in big cities _______ steadily for many years, and it has led some youths to drop out of the big city race.A.is climbingB.is being climbedC.has been climbingD.has been climbed6.My friends from the mainland______to me that they find the city's subway cars are "too old" compared with what they pay for subways in Beijing.plainedB.is complainingC.was complainingD.have been complaining7.Traffic conditions in Beijing for decades. At first people only complained about jams during rush hours, but today every hour is rush hour.A.is worseningB.have worsenedC.have been worseningD.worsened8.Yunnan from serious drought since 2009,so it’s our duty to save water every day.A.sufferedB.has been sufferingC.has been sufferedD.have been suffering9.With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about5 square m eters, _____in China’s major cities these years.A. have sprung upB. sprang upC. had sprung upD. spring up参考答案一．1.答案：were set解析：考査动词时态和语态。

高考英语一轮复习动词的时态及语态讲解【知识要点】动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every...，sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。

2.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东方。

3.表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。

4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.现在我往杯子里放糖。

I am doing my homework now.我在做作业。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如：Now watch me，I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?刚才你去哪儿了？2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child，I often played football in the street.我小的时候，经常在街上踢足球。

第二部分语法知识贯通专题一　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致考点1　一般时一般现在时(do/does式) ★★★典例1　[2019安徽安庆二模改编,61]New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year (see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travel home to celebrate with their families.句意:在中国人眼中,新年意味着家人团聚,每年世界上六分之一的人回家与家人一起庆祝,这是地球上最大规模的年度人口迁移。

根据Every year 可知,此处应用一般现在时;再结合句意可知,主语是Every year,此处是拟人化的用法,see在此处表示"遭受,历经",故用其第三人称单数形式。

sees典例2　[2019河北邢台高三检测,61]An hour of swimming (burn) almost as many calories as an hourof running.句意:游泳一小时消耗的卡路里与跑步一小时消耗的几乎一样多。

此处叙述的是客观事实,因此用一般现在时。

burns一般过去时(did式) ★★★典例3　[2020河北石家庄摸底考试,61]Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with a growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on Wednesday.句意:Nielsen Book周三表示,去年英国的翻译小说销量增长了5.5%,对中文图书的需求不断增长。

2020年高三英语高考一轮复习语法专项讲解--动词的时态与语态常考的各种时态和语态1．一般现在时（1）表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语。

I usually have my hair cut once a month.The students often do their experiments in the lab.（2）表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。

The earth moves around the sun.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.（3）表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。

The train leaves at 2: 35 this afternoon（4）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时You will succeed if you try your best.Even if it rains tomorrow, the football match will take place.2．现在进行时（1）表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

Our friends are waiting for us outside now（2）表示现阶段正在进行的作或及生的事情。

She is learning English at college.（3）某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，arrive, return,begin，leave 等用于现在进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.He is leaving for Beijing next week.（4）某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。

英语16种时态二、常见时态的基本用法一般现在时一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。

（常和every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用）具体用法：1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

We Beijing.4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出发，到达”等含义的词，如，arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。

The train arrives at 10:30. There's plenty of time. 。

考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。

如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时表将来；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the momentthe minute, the day;条件：if, unless, provided.If .If it rains tomorrow，I shall stay at as she arrives.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。

具体用法：1）表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态。

a. 有明确的过去时间：yesterday，last night，…ago, just now, in 1980, in the past…b. 对比现在 Scientists think that the continents weren’t always where they are today.c. 其他暗示 He could I was a child, I often played football in the street.3）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。

动词的时态和语态的用法主要内容：1.动词的时态2.动词的语态3. 动词的时态语态4．反面解读I动词的时态（以do为例）：1.时态分类：2.时态讲解：1). 一般现在时：（考点一）2）：现在进行：（考点二）3）：现在完成（考点三）非延续性动词变延续性动词4）：一般过去时：（考点四）5）：过去进行时（考点五）6）：过去完成（考点六·）7）：一般将来时（考点七）8）：过去将来时：（考点八）II．动词的语态：1．分类：主动语态和被动语态2．被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：V情+被动III．反面解读误区一：动词时态曲折变化的误用：1.1): She promised that she will not let out the plan the press.2): She promised that she would not let out the plan the press.2. 1): To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and sent it back to us.2): To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and send it back to us.3. 1): By the time you will arrive in London, we will have been in for two weeks.2): By the time you arrive in London, we will have been in for two weeks.4. 1): The detective fixed his sharp eyes upon the box, wondering whether he saw it somewhere before.2): The detective fixed his sharp eyes upon the box, wondering whether he had seen it somewhere before.5. 1): Nancy is not coming tonight. But she has promised!2): Nancy is not coming tonight. But she promised!误区二：动词语态曲折变化的误用：1.1): The book which had been lost returned to the library.2): The book which had been lost was returned to the library.2. 1): There’s a feeling among a lot of people that music has been become too commercial in recent years.2): There’s a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial in recent years.。

时态和语态一. 动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式.英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，现在完成进行时.下面分别进行介绍。

1.一般现在时的用法1)表示经常性,习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。

句子中常用often,usually,every day等时间状语。

例如：He goes to school every day。

(经常性动作）He is very happy.（现在的状态）The earth moves around the sun。

〈真理〉2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。

If you come this afternoon，we'll have a meeting。

When I graduate，I’ll go to the countryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划,规定要发生的动作，（句中都带有时间状语）但限于少数动词如begin，come,leave，go，arrive， start，stop，return，open,close等。

The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning．4)表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hate．think， remember, find，sound等常用一般现在时。

例如：I like English very much. The story sounds very interesting。

5)书报的标题.小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

2.一般过去时的用法1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

He saw Mr。

Wang yesterday. He worked in a factory in 1988.2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would＋动词原形”.例如:I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea．注意：used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。

高考英语一轮复习动词的时态语态语法回顾与训练1.动词时态就是动作行为的时间状态。

时间有现在、过去、将来、过去将来；动作分一般、完成、进行、完成进行，这样就构成了16种时态。

语态则分为主动语态和被动语态，英语中的被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，be为助动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。

时态和语态的变化主要体现在谓语动词的变化。

课程标准只要求高中生掌握以下常见的10种时态用法。

2.考点归纳一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时用动词原形（do）（主语是第三人称单数用does）和be动词（is，am，are）构成。

2. 第三人称单数谓语动词变化规则是：（1）一般情况加“-s”。

eat - eats; move - moves; read - reads; show - shows; spend - spends; work - works; write - writes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾的词把“y”改成“i”，再加“-es”（但元音字母加“y”结尾的则直接加“-s”）。

bury - buries; carry - carries; clarify - clarifies; copy - copies; cry - cries; fly - flies; fry - fries; hurry - hurries; rely - relies; study - studies; try - tries; worry - worries。

（这些词是元音字母加“y”结尾）betray - betrays; convey - conveys; delay - delays; destroy - destroys; enjoy - enjoys; obey - obeys; pay - pays; play - plays; pray - prays;stay - stays。

（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的词加“-es”。

第1章动词时态和语态要点概览动词的时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须借助于时态和语态来完成。

高考试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。

其考点主要包括：1．注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。

要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。

2．遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。

要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。

3．把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。

各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。

要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。

4．考查主动形式表示被动意义。

对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。

第一节一般现在时●考点透析1. 一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示，但是当主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 我每天早上七点离家去学校。

Li Ming writes good English but does not speak well.李明的英语写的很好但是说的不好。

2.一般现在时的用法。

（1）表示现在的习惯,经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间副词连用。

I always take a walk after supper.我总是在晚饭后去散步。

Sometimes she comes to school by bus. 有时候她乘坐公共汽车来学校。