高考英语二轮总复习第三讲阅读理解3.4推理判断一细节推断题

专题阅读理解推理判断一、推测寓意题此类题目要求考生在把握故事大意的基础上提炼故事的寓意。

充分理解故事内容挖掘作者写作的深层含义是解决这类题的关键。

W : There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was ona train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive, I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. 1 stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3 : 00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his carI looked forward to the return journey.75 • What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train.B • Pleasure of living in the country.C.Reading gives people delight.D.Smiles brighten people up.二、推测隐含意义题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

专题34 阅读理解之推理判断关键词：阅读理解,推理判断,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：做出简单判断和推理（即推理判断题）阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。

在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。

基础必读：推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。

这种题型包括判断题和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。

推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。

如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。

根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。

根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。

文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。

推理判断主要的设题方式有：（1）It can be inferred from t he passage (or the last paragraph) that…（2）It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…（3）It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…（4）It implies that…（5）Where would you most probably find this passage?（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?【技能方法】推理判断主要的解题策略有：（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。

09二轮专题1：阅读理解题型专项突破之三——推理判断画川高级中学王文华【命题特点】这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。

它包括判断和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。

所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有：It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.The writer suggests that___________.What's the author's attitude toward___________?The writer probably feels that___________.The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。

推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。

阅读理解提升练(三) 推理判断题A(·浙江五校联考)Research carried out last year stressed the growing challenge facing employers in terms of managing and supporting the UK’s ageing workforce.Figures from the Office for National Statistics have suggested that the number of people aged 65 and over still working has reached 1.19 million—up 25,000 from a year ago.There were also now more people aged 50-74 in work than ever before.However,the overall trend was hiding the fact that 12% people are forced to stop working before reaching state pension age because of ill health or disability.Nearly half a million (436,000) workers who are within five years of state pension age have had to leave work for medical reasons,with an apparent divide between the North (worse) and South (better).Those in the lowest-paid jobs,including cleaners,leisure industry workers and people doing heavy laboring jobs,were twice as likely to stop working before retirement age,because of sickness and disability than managers or professionals.Within this,the needs of the “sandwich generation”—those juggling work with caring for elderly dependents as well as children—needed to be given greater priority (优先权) by employers,a whi te paper by insurer and healthcare provider concluded.Its research argued that 66% of managers think the average age of retirement in their organization will increase in the next 5 to 10 years.Yet,36% reported being unaware of anyth ing their organization did to attract,keep and engage older staff.Fewer than a quarter (23%) of employees said they felt supported by their employer with their responsibilities for caring for a loved one.This was perhaps unsurprising,given that only 28% of managers said their organization had formal policies and practices in place to support these employees,argues healthcare distribution director Chris Horlick.1.According to the passage,who is more likely to leave work before retirement age?A.Tom,a physician.B.Jason,a language teacher.C.Henry,a construction worker.D.Bill,a bank manager.2.The present support from the employers can be best described as .A.movingB.dissatisfyingC.inspiringD.surprising3.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Old employees are well attended in the UK.B.Aging workforce should be well supported in the UK.C.Employers show responsibilities for supporting their employees. employers are facing challenges in supporting aging workforce.BAbout twenty of us had been fort unate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our “act” would last only for a short time,we could see quite a number of interesting things.We all stood at th e far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon,bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors near by.Since it was hot in the studio,it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were covered in “snow”.Two more fans were turned on,and a “strong wind” blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite u nusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island.By a simple trick l ike this,palm trees,sandy beaches,and blue,clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn next,we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”!4.Who is the author?A.A cameraman.B.A film director.C.A crowd-scene actor.D.A workman for scene setting.5.What made the author feel cold?A.The heavy snowfall.B.The man-made scene.C.The low temperature.D.The film being shown.6.What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?A.A new scene would be filmed.B.More stars would act in the film.C.The author would leave the studio.D.The next scene would be prepared.C(·11浙江)When I was in fourth grade,I worked part-time as a paperboy.Mrs.Stanley was one of my customers.She’d watch me coming down her street,and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep,there’d be a cold drink waiting.I’d sit and drin k while she talked.Mrs.Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband.“Mr.Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” she’d say.The first time she said that,soda(汽水) went up my nose.I told my father how Mrs.Stanley talked as if Mr.Stanley were still alive.Dad said she was probably lonely,and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile,and maybe she’d work it out of her system.So that’s what I did,and it tu rned out Dad was right.After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地).I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs.Stanley for several years.Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser(募捐活动).She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy.Four years before,she’d had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with.Now she had friends.Her husband was gone,but life went on.I live in the city now,and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids.She asks me how I’m doing.When I don’t say “fine,”she sticks around to hear my problems.She’s lived in the city most of her life,but she knows about munity isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind.You find it when ever people ask how you’re doing because they care,and not because they’re getting paid to do so.Sometimes it’s good to just smile,nod your head and listen.7.Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time?A.He was talking fast.B.He was shocked.C.He was in a hurry.D.He was absent-minded.8.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs.Stanley according to Paragraph 3?A.He enjoyed the drink.B.He wanted to be helpful.C.He took the chance to rest.D.He tried to please his dad.9.Which of the following can replace the underlined phr ase “work it out of her system”?A.recover from her sadnessB.move out of the neighborhoodC.turn to her old friendsD.speak out about her pa st10.What does the author think people in a community should do?A.Open up to others.B.Depend on each other.C.Pay for others’ helpD.Care about one another.参考答案阅读理解提升练(三) 推理判断题A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国雇主们所面临的员工老龄化问题以及解决措施。

位敦市安定阳光实验学校专题三阅读理解之简单判断和推理[限时15分钟]AGrandparents Answer a Call(2016·课标乙卷)As a third­generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother­in­law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two­thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.[语篇解读] 本文介绍了一个社会现象。

第三讲推理判断题A(2017·东北三省四市高考模拟)As her son Cameron sits at his laptop completing a task for his math degree course, Alison Thompson, a full­time mum, is busy helping her daughter Emma(two years younger than Cameron) get dressed. While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs. “People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school, his teachers never thought there was a problem with him，” says Alison.It took Alison and her husband a while to realize their son was different. Cameron’s ability didn’t become clear until he began primary school. Once he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number. Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers(负数). He was four at the time. Now 14­year­old Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning math degree with the Open University, having__sailed__through__his__GCSE at 11 and his A­level at 12, achieving top grades.Bethany, another daughter of Alison, is bright too but not gifted. She is the one who will remind absent­minded Cameron to put on his coat. She also helps him out in social situations.Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too. “The other day she did up the buttons on her coat, which was real progress，” Alison says.Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ambitious parents. Gifted children need support too and their lives don’t have to be that different. Cameron is an example.[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。

第三讲推理判断题题型1 逻辑推断类[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75­year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in prepara tion for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary­eyed audience wanting to say good­bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.7．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary­eyed__audience wanting to say good­bye to the old building.的关键信息来推断答案。