传感器1

传感器1～4章期末总复习题一、填空题1、测量系统的静态特性指标有等。

2、测量系统的静态特性指标通常用与的对应关系来表征。

3、仪表的精度等级是用仪表的来表示的。

4、电阻应变片式传感器按制造材料可分为①和②。

它们在受到外力作用时电阻发生变化，其中①的电阻变化主要是由应变效应形成的，而②的电阻变化主要是由半导体材料的造成的。

半导体材料传感器的灵敏度较。

5、变面积式自感传感器，当衔铁移动使磁路中空气缝隙的面积增大时，铁心上线圈的电感量。

6、电阻应变片的灵敏系数比其敏感栅整长应变丝的灵敏系数（大/小），造成这一现象的主要原因是。

7、电涡流传感器中线圈的激励频率越高，电涡流的贯穿深度越 ,导体的电阻率越。

8、电涡流传感器根据激励的频率不同，分为和。

9、金属电阻应变片温度误差的产生主要是由和试件、电阻丝材料的线膨胀系数不同引起的。

10、把被测非电量的变化转换成线圈自身互感变化的互感式传感器是根据的基本原理制成的，其次级绕组都用形式连接，所以又叫差动变压器式传感器。

11、闭磁路变隙式电感传感器工作时，衔铁与被测物体连接。

当被测物体移动时，引起磁路中发生相对变化，从而导致圈的变化。

12、电阻应变片是将被测试件上的转换成的传感元件。

13、影响金属导电材料应变灵敏系数的主要因素是的变化。

14、电感式传感器是利用原理将被测物理量转换成线圈自感系数和互感系数的变化，再由测量电路转换为或的变化，从而实现非电量到电量的转换。

15、依据传感器的工作原理，传感器分、、三个部分组成。

16、金属丝应变传感器设计过程中为了减少横向效应，可采用直线栅式应变计和结构。

17、根据敏感元件材料的不同，将应变计分为和两大类。

18、半导体应变片工作原理是基于效应，它的灵敏系数比金属应变片的灵敏系数。

19、要把微小应变引起的微小电阻变化精确地测量出来，需采用特别设计的测量电路，通常采用电路。

20、电涡流传感器可用于、振幅测量、转速测量和无损探伤。

21、金属应变片的弯曲半径越大，其效应也越大。

医用传感器1. 引言医用传感器是在医疗领域中应用的一种重要设备，用于测量与监测人体相关的生理参数和环境条件。

它可以收集各种信号，如心率、血氧饱和度、体温等，并通过传感器将这些信号转换为可读取的数字信号。

医用传感器在各个医疗领域中起着至关重要的作用，帮助医生进行诊断、治疗与监护工作。

本文将介绍医用传感器的分类、应用领域和发展前景。

2. 医用传感器分类根据其测量参数的不同，医用传感器可以分为多种类型。

2.1 生理参数传感器生理参数传感器用于测量与人体的生理参数相关的信号。

常见的生理参数传感器有心率传感器、血压传感器、血氧饱和度传感器等。

这些传感器通过检测身体的生理变化来判断患者的身体健康状况，并提供数据供医生进行分析和诊断。

2.2 环境参数传感器环境参数传感器用于测量与环境有关的参数，如温度、湿度、气压等。

这些传感器可以用于监测手术室、病房等医疗环境的温湿度情况，确保患者的生活质量和医疗环境的安全。

2.3 医用成像传感器医用成像传感器用于医学影像的获取和分析，如X射线传感器、超声波传感器等。

这些传感器可以帮助医生诊断疾病、进行手术和治疗，并提供准确的影像数据供医疗团队进行评估和决策。

3. 医用传感器的应用领域医用传感器在医疗领域的应用非常广泛，涵盖了多个领域。

3.1 临床监护医用传感器可以用于监测患者的生理参数，如心率、血压、血氧饱和度等。

通过实时监测和记录这些参数，医生可以了解患者的健康状况，并及时采取相应的治疗措施。

3.2 疾病诊断医用传感器可以帮助医生进行疾病的诊断和评估。

例如，心电图传感器可以检测心脏的电活动，帮助医生判断是否存在心脏病。

血糖传感器可以监测患者的血糖水平，用于糖尿病的诊断和治疗。

3.3 康复护理医用传感器可以用于康复护理的监测和辅助。

例如，肌肉传感器可以帮助康复患者监测肌肉的活动和力量变化，指导康复训练的进行。

运动传感器可以记录患者的运动轨迹和姿势，帮助评估康复效果。

3.4 远程医疗医用传感器可以与互联网和移动通信技术结合，实现远程医疗的应用。

一、传感器的概念１、传感器：把特定的被测信息（包括物理量、化学量、生物量等）按一定规律转换成某种可用信号输出的器件或装置。

这里“可用信号”是指便于处理、传输的信号。

当今电信号最易于处理和便于传输，因此，可以把传感器狭义地定义为：传感器（狭义定义）：能将外界非电信号转换成电信号输出的器件。

当人类进入光子时代，光信息成为更便于快速、高效地处理与传输的可用信号时，传感器的概念也可以变为：能把外界信息转换成光信号输出的器件。

２、传感器技术：是涉及传感（检测）原理、传感器设计、传感器开发和应用的综合技术。

传感技术的含义则更为广泛，它是传感器技术、敏感功能材料科学、细微加工技术等多学科技术相互交叉渗透而形成的一门新技术学科——传感器工程学。

３、传感（检测）原理：是指传感器工作所依据的物理、化学和生物效应，并受相应的定律和法则所支配。

如：物理基础的基本定律包括：守恒定律（能量、动量、电荷等），场的定律（包括动力场运动定律、电磁场的感应定律等，其作用与物体在空间的位置及分布有关。

），物质定律（如虎克定律、欧姆定律、半导体材料的各种效应等，表示本身内在性质的定律），统计法则（它把微观系统与宏观系统联系起来的物理法则，它们常与传感器的工作状态有关）。

敏感材料：是传感技术发展的物质基础；此外，传感器的加工技术也是传感技术必不可少的组成部分，现代的微细加工技术、光学刻划技术、光学镀磨技术、扩散及各向异性腐蚀技术等新型加工方法的引入，使传感器的加工上了一个大台阶。

二、传感器的组成传感器一般由三部分组成：敏感元件、转换元件、测量电路组成。

图0-1传感器的组成其中，能把非电信息转换成电信号的转换元件，是传感器的核心。

敏感元件是传感器预先将被测非电量变换为另一种易于变换成电量的非电量，然后再变换为电量，如弹性元件。

因此，并非所有传感器都包含这两部分，对于物性型传感器，一般就只有转换元件；而结构型传感器就包括敏感和转换元件两部分。

传感器1（Sensor 1）October 2012 selfSensors and detection technology (02202) review guidanceUnit synthesis test 1 (Chapter 1 to fourth)Tip: focus on examining the definition, composition, classification, sensor static and dynamic characteristics, and the calibration of the main performance indexes of the meaning, concept and method of calibration; parameter type, power type, large displacement type displacement sensor working principle, characteristics and application; force, torque, pressure, speed, acceleration sensor type and working principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1, according to the composition of the sensor, the following can directly feel the measured physical quantity is (A)A sensitive element,B conversion element,C conversion circuit,D amplifying circuit2 、 a sensor made of the principle that the physical and chemical properties of a substance changes with the measured parameters is called BA structured sensors,B physical sensors,C active sensors,D passive sensors3, according to the sensor energy source classification, thefollowing belongs to the passive type sensor is (C)A resistor type B, capacitive C, electrothermal D, Holzer type4, the following indicators of sensors, which do not belong to the dynamic performance indicators of the sensor is ()A stability time,B natural frequency,C overload capacity,D amplitude frequency characteristic5, the sensor can be determined by dynamic calibrationA accuracy,B sensitivity,C linearity,D natural frequency6, the use of differential transformer displacement sensor displacement measurement, in order to identify the moving direction of objects, processing equipment must have links is ()A filter,B amplification,C rectification,D phase sensitive detection7, the following displacement sensor can measure large displacement is ()A potentiometer displacement sensor,B capacitive displacement sensor,C inductive displacement sensor,D Inductosyn8, the following is not a piezoelectric gyro angular velocity sensor is ()A vibration beam type,B double plate type,C bend type,D round tube type9, phase discriminator inductosyn according to the induction electromotive force () to identify displacement.A amplitude,B phase,C frequency,D phase and frequency10, when the DC speed generator has the load, the output voltage is compared with the armature induction electromotive forceA the former is large,B is small,C is equal, andD is uncertain11, if the grating grating displacement sensor is 0.04 mm, the gate line angle is 1.8 degrees, then the spacing of two adjacent to the moire fringe ()A 0.022 mmB 0.07 mmC 1.27 mmD 3.99 mm12 capacitance torque measuring instrument is to use the force of the axle, the capacitor between the two plates () changes to measure torque.A spacing,B relative effective area,C dielectric constant, D, breakdown voltageTwo. Fill in the blanks13, when the input sensor is either constant or varies slowly with time, the relationship between input and output of the sensor is called static sensor {}.14, the sensor response characteristics must satisfy the measurement conditions ___________ in the frequency range of the measurements.15, the capacitance of capacitive sensor is a function of the dielectric constant of the electrode area, and _________ between the plates of the medium.16, self inductance type displacement sensor can be divided into variable area type and ___________________ type, variable air gap.17, eddy current displacement sensor is the use of______________ will change the measured conversion device for changing the coil impedance.18, the magnetic grid displacement sensor can be divided into the measurement of linear displacement of the long magnetic grid and angle displacement measurement _________.19, magnetoelastic torque instrument is also known as_____________________.20, for a given piezoelectric material, when the mass increases or piezoelectric increased when the sensitivity of ________.21, no-load output voltage of DC tachogenerator and speed ___________________.22, when measuring the slow signal or measured by the chargeoutput when the occasion, the two piezoelectric element of ____.23, charge amplifier input impedance in ___________ ohm.24, the piezoelectric sensor must be pre amplifier connected ______________ when in use.Unit synthesis test two (fifth to seventh)Note: we have the type of artificial vision sensor, vision sensor and various components of the function and method of image processing, photoelectric semiconductor, solid camera; principle of infrared image sensor; temperature sensor temperature classification, mechanism and method, structure, characteristics and application;Working principle of gas sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor.First, the multiple-choice question1. The main function of the receiving part of the vision sensor is ()A gives full play to the important conditions of sensor performanceB converts an optical image signal into an electrical signalC converts the electrical signals of two-dimensional imagesinto one-dimensional signals in time seriesD extracts effective information2 、 the function that the vidicon does not have is ()A photoelectric conversion function,B scanning function, C, D/A function, D storage function3. The camera element of the solid semiconductor camera can be abbreviated as ()A, CCD, B, VCD, C, VTR, D, VCR4, in artificial vision systems, brightness information can be digitized by means of.A D/A converter,B A/D converter,C adder,D integrator5 parallel thermocouples can be used for measurementA instantaneous change of temperatureB single constant temperatureC average temperatureD temperature difference6. Measure the temperature of the object that cannot be reached directly. The type of temperature sensor to choose is ()A thermocoupleB brightness typeC thermal resistanceD semiconductor type7, thermopile refers to which of the following thermocouples?A series thermocouple,B parallel thermocouple,C film thermocouple,D sheathed thermocouple8, in general, require thermistor type temperature sensor thermistor and temperature ()A is sinusoidal,B is cosine relationship,C is linear, andD is linear in a certain range9. The higher the temperature measured by the metal thermal resistance temperature sensor, the movement of the free electrons in the sensitive elementA the more regular theB is, the more irregular theC is normal distribution, and theD is linear10, SnO2 gas sensors are widely used in ()A measure the quality of gas, B, fire alarm, C, measure the concentration of gas, D for electrical parts11. The tape recorder uses () senses the temperature inside the machine, and when the humidity reaches a certain level, the machine stops automatically.A electronic hygrometer,B macromolecule membrane humidity sensor,C ceramic humidity sensor,D condensation sensor12 、 practical moisture sensor is to use the relationship between the measured substances (and) and moisture content toachieve moisture content measurement.A resistance valueB capacitance valueC voltage valueD current valueTwo. Fill in the blanks13, commonly used gas sensors according to the structure type can be divided into sintered, _________ and thick film type three.The main purpose of the 14 artificial vision system, image processing is ___________, image recognition for.15 methods, image processing and _____________________ calculus.16, the sliding sensor is refers to between the Department and the operation of inspection robot object tangential________________.17, the working principle of thermocouple temperature sensor is based on _____________________.Principle 18, brightness temperature sensor for object____________ transform with temperature, brightness of a narrow region and the measured object of spectrum and standard radiator compared to measure temperature.19, a semiconductor temperature sensor based on_____________________.20, including thermocouple thermoelectric EMF and_____________________ contact.21, when there is condensation inside the tape recorder, tape and drive mechanism between ______ will increase.In _____________ within the total radiation energy and the temperature dependence of temperature measurement object 22, radiation temperature sensor using.23, electronic hygrometer consisting of a detection part, a digital display and _______________.24, the gas sensor is a gas sensor will detect ____________ into electrical signals.Unit synthesis test three (eighth to ninth)Tip: classification, main test bridge application and working characteristics, types of filter, amplitude frequency characteristic, function and advantages, common methods of digital filter, digital analog conversion principle and technical index; sampling theorem, theorem and the resolution to four times subdivision principle, and the formation of the sources of interference and suppression methods, signal linearization signal processing method; the classification, description, description, amplitude frequency domain electromagnetic vibration exciter principle etc..First, the multiple-choice question1 、 the function of the bridge measuring circuit is to change the parameter of the sensor into (C) or the output change of the current.A resistor,B capacitor,C voltage,D charge2, the output voltage of a single arm bridge is 10V, and the output voltage is nonlinear relationship with the resistance change. After linearization, the output voltage is 10.2V, and the nonlinear error of the bridge is ()A 1.96%,B 2%,C 8%,D 92%3, if the detection system is not too high filter requirements, you can use ()A passive filter,B active filter,C low-pass filter,D high pass filter4, the resistance R in the band-pass filter circuit is increased, then the central angle frequency ().A increases B, decreases C, and D remains unchanged5 、 passive RC first-order high pass filter outputs the output voltage from (both) ends.A resistor, R,B capacitor,C C operational amplifier,D inductance, L6. The buffer is usually used at the output stage of the sampling humidifierA reduces the input impedance of the signal source, B, and increases the output impedance of the signal sourceC the input impedance of the smaller loadD increases the input impedance of the load7 、 in the grating displacement sensor with four times subdivision, the phase difference can not be determined according to the phase difference between two signalsA 45 degrees B, 90 degrees C, 135 degrees D, 180 degreesIn 8, by limiting the maximum deviation of the digital filter, if the limit deviation of delta Y is less than or equal to 0.01, the sampling value of 0.415, the last sampling value is 0.403, the sampling value should be (Yn)A 0.401,B 0.403,C 0.408,D 0.4159, the autocorrelation function of the periodic signal must be ()A periodic function, B, aperiodic, odd function, C, aperiodic even function, D linear function10, the known signal x (T) is completely related to the signal Y (T), and the correlation of the two signals satisfies ()A P XY (T) > 1B P XY (r = 1)C 0, XY < p < 1 (R),D XY (r = 0).11, the time delay is zero, the signal autocorrelation function is (signal)A mean,B mean square,C variance,D amplitude12, the Fu Liye transform of the known function x (T) is X (f), and the Fu Liye transform of function y (T) =x (-t) is ()A, X (f), B - X (f), C, X (-f), D - X (-f)Two. Fill in the blanks13, access bridge according to the measured resistance can be divided into different Wheatstone bridge and _____________.In 14, the bridge measurement circuit, according to the different __________ by bridge, bridge can be divided into direct current and alternating current bridge.15, in order to obtain the frequency signal of a certain frequency, can be used _______________.16, the signal frequency is higher than 500Hz, can be used for _______________ filter.17, RC low-pass filter RC value is higher, while lower cut-off frequency is _______________.18, in the sample and hold circuit, sampling switch off time is called _______________.19, if a grating of 25 lines / mm, is four times the resolution of _______________ division.20, the known function of X (T) of the Fourier transform of X (f), if x (T) is an odd function, X (f) for ___________.21, a resistor R and capacitor C in series and then connected in parallel to the power switch or relay ends RC absorption circuit, its function is _______________.22, if the relationship between the two signals is 0, indicating the two signal _______________.23, periodic signal spectrum harmonic, discrete and_______________.24, if the input function is x (T) and the output function of Y (T) coherent function gamma 2XY (?) =0, X (T) and Y (T)_______________.。

第1章传感器概述传感器原理及应用第1章传感器概述主要内容：1.1什么是传感器1.2传感器的作用和地位1.3传感器现状和国内外发展趋势1.4检测系统的组成原理1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.1什么是传感器在我们日常生活中，使用着各种各样的传感器电冰箱、电饭煲中的温度传感器;空调中的温度和湿度传感器;抽油烟机中的煤气泄漏传感器;电视机和影碟机中的红外遥控器;照相机中的光传感器;汽车中燃料计和速度计等等，不胜枚举。

1.1什么是传感器1.1什么是传感器眼（视觉）耳（听觉）鼻（嗅觉）皮肤（触觉）舌（味觉）1.1什么是传感器如果用机器完成这一过程，计算机相当人的大脑，执行机构相当人的肌体，传感器相当于人的五官和皮肤。

传感器又是人体感官的延长，有人又称传感器为“电五官”，它作为替代补充人的感觉器官功能，传感器为人类客观定量认识世界起到重要作用。

1.1什么是传感器1.1什么是传感器1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位第1章传感器概述1.2传感器技术的作用和地位第1章传感器概述第1章传感器概述第1章传感器概述1.2传感器技术的作用和地位第1章传感器概述第1章传感器概述1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位1.2传感器技术的作用和地位第1章传感器概述1.3传感器现状和国内外发展趋势1.3传感器现状和国内外发展趋势1.3传感器现状和国内外发展趋势1.3传感器现状和国内外发展趋势使现场数据就近登陆，通过Internet网与用户之间异地交换数据远程控制等。

传感器的数字化和网络化1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.4检测系统的组成原理1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.5传感器的定义、组成和分类方法1.6本课程的特点和研究内容1.6本课程的特点和研究内容传感器原理及应用第1章传感器概述传感器发展趋势传感器的历史远比近代科学来得古老，如‘天平’古埃及开始使用、利用液体热膨胀进行温度测量，在16世纪前后实现的。

第一章练习题第一节：机电一体化系统常用传感器知识点一：传感器的定义、组成和功能。

（第一节）1、传感器一般有敏感元件、转换元件和三部分组成。

（200914）2、传感器的组成部分中，直接感受被测物理量的是_____________。

（200502）A、转换元件B、敏感元件C、转换电路D、放大元件3、传感器中直接感受被测量的部分是（）（200803）A.转换元件B.敏感元件C.转换电路D.调理电路4、传感器的主要功能是（）。

（200901）A传递信息 B感受被测量 C分析、处理信号 D执行要求的操作知识点二：传感器的分类。

（第一节及表1-1）（一）按被测量对象分类：1、下面传感器中属于非接触式传感器的是（）。

A．触觉传感器 B.滑动觉传感器 C．压触觉传感器 D．视觉传感器（二）按工作机理分类：2、利用光电效应的传感器属于_____________。

（200302）A、电阻型B、结构型C、物性型D、电感型（三）按被测物理量分类：3、下列被测物理量适合于使用红外传感器进行测量的是：_____________。

（200101）A、压力B、力矩C、温度D、厚度4、适合于使用红外传感器进行测量的被测物理量是 _____________。

（200703）A、转度B、温度C、厚度D、加速度（四）按工作原理分类：5、按照工作原理分类，固体图象式传感器属于_____________。

（200103）A、光电式传感器B、电容式传感器C、压电式传感器D、磁电式传感器（五）按传感器能量源分类：6、无源型传感器又称为_____________转换型传感器。

（200314）7、按传感器能量源分类，以下传感器不属于能量转换型的是_____________。

（200603）A、压电式传感器B、热电式传感器C、光电式传感器D、压阻式传感器（六）按输出信号的性质分类：8、按输出信号的性质可将传感器分为、、。

第三节：传感器与检测系统基本特性的评价指标与选用原则。