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A meaningful life有意义的人生The death of an angel of animal rights activism does not rate with that of a drugged-out rock star. So when Henry Spira died of cancer in September 1998, his death passed without notice, apart from a brief obituary in The New York Times. Yet Henry Spiral life tells us something important, not only about the modern animal movement, but about the possibility of an individual making a difference in the modern world.一位动物权利保护运动的天使的去世还比不上一个沉溺于毒品的摇滚明星的死亡;所以,亨利.斯皮拉在 1998 年 9 月因癌症去世的消息根本没有引起公众的注意,只是纽约时报上刊登了一则简短的讣告;但是亨利.斯皮拉的一生让我们懂得了一些重要的东西,不仅关于现代动物权益保护运动,而且还有一个人改变现代社会的可能性;I first met Henry when he turned up at an adult education seminar I was giving at New York University. I offered a course on "Animal Liberation" that attracted about 20 students. One student was an unusual specimen, outside the regular aesthetic of an "animal person". His clothes were untidy, and his hair uncombed. His language was so blunt and earthy that at times I thought I was listening to an assassin from a violent mob. Yet, I couldn't help feeling intrigued with his direct way of speaking and his solemn, secular oath to help animals in need.第一次见到亨利,是我在纽约大学教一个成人教育研修班时他前来听课;我开设了一门关于“动物解放”的课程,吸引了大约 20 名学生;其中一名学生很另类,完全和通常意义上“动物权利保护者”的形象背道而驰;他的衣着邋遢,头发也未曾梳理;他说话非常直率并且粗俗,有时我甚至认为,我好像是在听一个暴力团伙的杀手在讲话;但是,我情不自禁地被他那种直截了当的说话方式,还有他那庄重的、不是出于宗教目的要帮助处于困境中的动物的誓言吸引住了;I left New York soon after that, but one day got a call from Henry. He talked with me about his work. I knew that for over a century, the animal rights movement had been putting out graphic brochures, leaflets, and audio propaganda, alerting people to the dreadful experiments on animals. But in all that time, the number of animals used in experiments had risen from a small batch of a few hundred to more than 30 million. No activist had managed to stop a single experiment or improve the lives of animals living in tiny, constricted enclosures. Henry changed that. One of his earliest campaigns permanently closed down a laboratory conducting experiments with toxic vapor on about 60 rabbits.在那之后,我很快就离开了纽约;但是有一天,我接到了亨利的电话;他和我聊起了他的工作;我知道,一个多世纪以来,动物权益运动的倡导者一直通过散发带图画的手册、传单以及音频宣传材料,来引起公众对那些可怕的动物实验的关注;但与此同时,用于实验的动物数量从原来区区几百骤增到三千多万;没有哪位活动家曾成功阻止过一项实验或改善了蜗居在狭小困笼中的动物的生活;亨利却改变了这一切;他早期的运动之一就是使一间用毒蒸汽在大约 60 只兔子身上做实验的实验室被永久关闭;Following that success, Henry rapidly moved on to bigger targets. He laid siege to Revlon over their use of rabbits to test cosmetics for potential eye damage, and exerted enough pressure to persuade them to put $750,000 into the search for alternatives. Having seen the boycott that Revlon had narrowly averted and being afraid of incurring similar wrath, Avon, Bristol-Myers and other major cosmetics corporations soon followed suit. Though it took 10 years for the research to achieve results, it was largely Henry's public and judicious watchdog efforts that brought so many cosmetics corporations to where they now truthfully state their products are not tested on animals.取得上述成功之后,亨利马上转向更大的目标;他谴责露华浓公司用兔子检测化妆品对眼睛可能造成的伤害;他还给露华浓施加了强大的压力,说服其投入 75 万美元进行研究,以寻找替代方法;雅芳、百时美及其他大型化妆品公司看到露华浓险些遭到抵制,担心自己也会招致同样的愤怒,所以很快也都纷纷效仿;虽然他们的研究历经 10 年才取得成果,但是正是亨利所作出的这种公开而又明智的监督,才使得这么多化妆品公司现在可以如实地说,他们的产品没有在动物身上进行实验;From decades spent working on the side of the weak and oppressed, Henry became efficient at masterminding campaigns. His victory over Revlon didn't require wealth, legislators, or the help of big governments. He learned how to build public awareness campaigns, howto shape malpractice lawsuits to successfully sue large companies and how to build committed groups of supporters for the cause.经过几十年为弱势及受压迫群体所做的抗争,亨利变得非常善于策划各种活动;他在与露华浓的抗衡中获胜,靠的不是财富、立法者或庞大的政府的帮助;他学会了如何发起能够唤醒公众意识的活动,如何开展渎职诉讼以便成功起诉大公司,以及如何为这一事业建立忠实的支持者团队;We often assume that society has become too big and too bureaucratic for individuals to make a difference. How could one individual, however humane and passionate, possibly bring about change in the face of powerful global corporations, ministerial indifference and complicated parliamentary rules我们经常认为社会已经变得太大、太官僚,从而个体不可能改变它;在面对强大的跨国公司、冷漠的执政部门和众多复杂的议会规则时,单单一个人,不管他多么具有人道主义,多么富有激情,又如何能促成改变呢Henry's life was dedicated to the cause of preventing suffering of innocent, helpless animals, especially those used in research. He didn't stand on the sidelines or try to get revenge for the suffering he observed. Henry was practical. He acted. He appealed to the public and created publicity kits to help common people become activists.亨利的一生都致力于阻止无辜又无助的动物遭受痛苦,尤其是那些被用于研究的动物;他没有袖手旁观,也没有试图为他所看到的苦难复仇;亨利是个很实际的人;他采取了行动;他向公众呼吁,并做了各种成套的宣传材料来帮助普通人成为积极的参与者;On April 21, 1996, I sent Henry a fax telling him I was thinking about writing a book to chronicle his life and work. I asked whether I could stay with him for a few days in June to talk about it.1996 年 4 月 21 日,我给亨利发了一份传真,告诉他我正在考虑写一本记录其生平和事业的书;我问他我是否可以 6 月份过去和他待几天,以讨论这一事宜;Henry called that evening. He said he'd really like me to write the book, but he wasn't sure he was still going to be around in late June. He explained that he'd been diagnosed with cancer, and asked whether I could come earlier. 当天晚上亨利就给我打了电话;他说他很愿意由我来写这本书,但是他不确定自己 6 月下旬是否还会活在世上;他解释说他已经被确诊得了癌症,所以问我能不能早点来;I was in New York six days later. Henry had lost a lot of weight, and lacked the energy I was used to seeing in him. His life expectancy was a matter of months. Death seemed to be stalking him.6 天后我就到了纽约;亨利瘦了很多,而且也没有了我以前在他身上看到的精力;他的生命只剩几个月了;死亡似乎正在向他逼近;The most remarkable thing about Henry, though, was the total absence of any sign of depression. Life had been good, he said, refusing to hear my sympathy and condolences. He said he'd done what he wanted to do and enjoyed it a lot. Why should he be depressed尽管如此,亨利最了不起的一点就是,你根本看不到他有一丝一毫的沮丧;他说他一直过得很好,因而拒绝听我说同情和安慰的话;他说,他做了自己想做的事,而且很享受所做的一切,为什么要感到沮丧呢 Henry's life did not terminate in the time his doctors predicted. For the next two years he kept working, helping develop the material I needed for the book, through interviews and questionnaires. When I began writing, I never thought Henry would see a completed draft, but he lived to see the book on sale in a New York bookstore. Then, within a week, wearing his favorite striped pajamas, he died.亨利的生命并没有像医生预言的那么快终止;在接下来的两年里,他一直坚持工作,通过采访和问卷调查的方式,帮助我准备写书需要的材料;在我开始动笔的时候,我从来没想到亨利能看到完整的初稿,但是他一直活到亲眼看到书在纽约的书店出售;然后,不到一个星期,他就去世了,当时身上穿着他最喜欢的条纹睡衣;One essential mark of living well is to be satisfied with one's accomplishments when taking a retrospective look at life, and to be able to accept death and face infinity calmly. Henry's life seemed to lack many of the things that most of us take for granted as essential to a good life. He never married, or had a long-term, live-in relationship. He had no children or successors. He never went to concerts, to the theater, or to fine restaurants. He didn't bring antibiotics to the needy or vaccinate the poor. He was never called a hero like the caped crusaders of our comic books. There is no fancy stone for him at the cemetery after his death. He just cared for the weakest creatures in his society. What gave Henry Spira's life depth and purpose What didhe - and others -find meaningful in the way he lived his life 一个人活得好的一个根本标志就是,在他回首自己人生的时候,他对自己的成就感到满意,而且能够冷静地接受死亡、面对永恒;亨利的人生似乎缺少了我们大多数人想当然地认为美好人生所必须具备的很多东西;他一生未婚,也从未经历过长期的恋爱同居关系；他没有孩子或别的继承人；他从来不去音乐会、剧院或高级饭店；他也没有给生活艰难者带去抗生素或是给贫困者接种疫苗;他从来没有像我们的漫画书中那些披着斗篷的社会改革家那样被称为英雄;他死后墓地上也没有什么精致的墓碑;他只是关心社会中脆弱的生灵;是什么让亨利.斯皮拉的生活富有深度、目标明确呢在他的这种生活中,他,以及其他人,又发现了什么有意义的东西呢。
综合英语教程第三版4 邹为诚主编第二单元1. 玛丽看到一个贼眉鼠眼的男人走进邻居家里。
Mary saw a shifty-eyed man walking into a neighbor’s house.2. 鲍勃总是嘲笑我对服饰的眼光。
Bob always sneers at my taste in clothes.3. 打探别人的秘密是不礼貌的。
It is impolite to pry into other’s secrets.4. 我想克里斯想要抢我的饭碗。
I think Chris is after my job.5. 她看到克里斯给他使的眼色，说话的声音便越来越小了。
She trailed off, silenced by the look Chris gave her.6. 那些树枝干而易断。
The branches were dry and brittle.7. 收音机老是发出噼里啪啦的声响，我们几乎听不清里面说些什么。
The radio cracked so much that we could hardly hear what was said.8. 地面向海倾斜。
The land slopes down to the sea.9. 他的口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的塞满了钞票。
His pockets were bulging with money.10. 我不得不和出租车司机就车费讨价还价。
I had to haggle with the taxi driver over the fare.第三单元1. 这样的好机会千载难逢。
An opportunity as good as this arises/occurs only once in a blue moon. 2. 这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分愧疚。
The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother’s handbag without permission.3. 她知道他的话一句真的也没有。
【导语】为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了新概念英语第四册学习⼿册，新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
希望以下内容能够为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson 31The sculptor speaks雕塑家的语⾔First listen and then answer the following question.听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in there dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat from, they do no make the further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The ListenerNew words and expressions ⽣词和短语colour-blindadj. ⾊盲的perceptionn. 知觉comprehendv. 理解spatialadj. 空间visualizev. 使具形象，设想reminiscencen. 回忆，联想tadpolen. 蝌蚪mushroomn. 蘑菇carrotn. 胡萝⼘budn. 花蕾larkn. 云雀ladybirdn. 瓢⾍bulrushn. 芦苇参考译⽂对雕塑的鉴赏⼒取决于对⽴体的反应能⼒。
《研究生英语精读教程》（第三版下）Unit4课文The Man Who Discovered Mother NatureJames Lovelock's bold new theory may forever change the way we look at life on our planet.Lowell PonteAMID GREEN ROLLING HILLS in southwest England, the mud-and-straw cottage seems unchanged since Shakespeare's time. Peacocks strut in the surrounding meadow. But a new adjoining building houses a laboratory filled with computers, chromatographs, chemical and electronic equipment.The owner, James Lovelock, is an anachronism. In an age when almost all scientists are specialists working in large organizations, Lovelock, now 72, is an independent researcher and inventor, freely pursuing his curiosity across many fields. Credited with more than 40 patents, he resembles a modern Ben Franklin, who would study the Gulf Stream one day and the next fly his kite to catch the secrets of lightning bolts. And from his small laboratory, Lovelock has proposed a theory that is changing the way scientists think about life on our planet.It all began more than three decades ago when Lovelock devised the electron capture detector. Still widely used, this electronic nose is able to sniff out a few parts per trillion of chemicals found in the soil, water or air. Aware of Lovelock's skills, NASA asked him in 1961 to help devise ways of detecting life on Mars.Lovelock studied the chemistry of Mars, using analyses provided by NASA's infrared telescopes, and found that no chemical changes were going on. Such stability was a clear gravestone marking a lifeless planet. Later, two Viking robotlanders on Mars confirmed his grim analysis. But now notice this. If one simply withholds treatment, it may take the patient longer to die, and so he may suffer more than he would if more direct action were taken and lethal injection given. This fact provides strong reason for thinking that, once the initial decision not to prolong his agony has been made, active euthanasia is actually preferable to passive euthanasia, rather than the reverse.But while searching for signs of life on Mars, Lovelock became fascinated with the "Goldilocks Problem", a puzzle that has long intrigued scientists: Why is Venus too hot for life, Mars too cold and Earth just right?Researchers used to assume that Earth simply had the good luck to be at precisely the right distance from the Sun so that water remained in a liquid state, at temperatures between boiling and freezing. But our sun has burned hotter as it ages; the best estimate is that it shines with 25 to 30 percent more light and heat than when life first appeared on Earth about 3.8 billion years ago. Earth's average temperature then is estimated to have been around 73 degrees Fahrenheit. Today it's cooler, about 59 degrees F. How could this be?Lovelock wondered whether some powerful, self regulating system was at work. He came up with a provocative thesis: our planet acts like a giant living organism, in which all living things interact to maintain stability.Individuals and species unknowingly play a part, much as the red blood cells in your body have a life of their own, but unwittingly work in concert to maintain your life.Nobel Prize winning author William Golding, Lovelock's neighbor, suggestedcalling the theory Gaia(GUY-ah)after the ancient Greek Earthgoddess, Lovelock embraced the name. Since he first propounded it in 1969, the Gaia Hypothesis has become the center of a major storm of scientific debate.Simple as it sounds, the Gaia Hypothesis is a revolutionary idea. It argues that living things are not passive victims of their environment but can alter it. The theory could transform scientific thinking much as did Sir Isaac Newton's image of the universe as a clockwork mechanism. Gaia challenges the scientific establishment - whose experts jealously rule narrow specialties-to see a bigger picture: the world as one system in which sea and sky and life transform one another. As Lovelock, who earned his doctorate in medicine, has said, "We need to study Earth as doctors diagnose and treat patients, not as an isolated leg or ear but as a whole, living being. We need scientists to think in a new way, to be geophysicians."To understand how Gaia works, turn the clock back to when life was first emerging. Evidence suggests that Earth's atmosphere then contained up to 98 percent carbon dioxide. This produced a "super greenhouse effect“ that kept our world warm. But as the Sun gradually burned hotter, what prevented Earth from becoming overheated? Just such a runaway greenhouse effect turned Venus, a planet very similar to ours in size and primordial chemistry, into a hellish place with surface temperatures above 800 F. Lovelock's answer is that on Earth living things made the difference. The first bacteria, for instance, consumed carbon dioxide, removing it from the atmosphere and limiting the effect of this greenhouse gas.Then around 3.7 billion years ago, early forms of blue green algae began to use sunlight to make food. But they also produced what was in their world a poisonous gas-oxygen. Whenthis eventually began to accumulate in the atmosphere, 2.5 billion years ago, it cooled the planet and killed some life forms. Other organisms learned to live with oxygen, and that set the scene for the life we now know.Today oxygen makes up 21 percent of Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide comprises only 3/100ths of one percent of the air around us. On Venus, it is 98 percent. Gaia has many feedback systems. For instance, Lovelock once mentioned his measurements of plankton-produced dimethylsulfide gas in the atmosphere to University of Washington scientist Robert Charlson. Charlson had been puzzling over what unknown particles provide the nuclei on which moisture condenses, forming clouds. As a result, Lovelock, Charlson and two other colleague hypothesized another Gaian feedback mechanism. If weather warmed, plankton might emit more dimethylsulfide; the resulting sulfur particles in the air might produce more abundant droplets and reflective clouds, thereby shading the world beneath and reflecting more sunlight back into space. Earth, according to this still debated theory, would be responding to hotter conditions with action to cool the environment.In the 22 years since Lovelock propounded it, the Gaia Hypothesis has attracted an odd assortment of enthusiasts. Some industrialists like Gaia because it seems to suggest that Mother Earth could survive even vast amounts of industrial pollution. Lovelock would agree, but he would add that the survival might include replacement of humans by more pollution resistant species. Many activists in Europe’s environmentalist “Green”parties have embraced their own notions of Gaia. But Lovelock has criticized environmental politics as a “lush pasture for demagogues".Gaia was heretical to many scientists because it seemed to suggest that life on Earth consciously controlled its environment. But Lovelock believes that Mother Nature acts in accord with Darwinian evolution, with no conscious plan or intelligence. It’s just that, with 30 million species in the world, life has enormous resilience.“Whether you agree with Gaia or not, it’s a brilliant organizing principle,” says Stephen Schneider, a climatologist with the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. “It brings together scientists who normall y don’t talk to one another, such as biologists, geochemists and atmospheric scientists, to ask profound questions about how living things and the planet interact."One critic of the Gaia Hypothesis, British biologist Richard Dawkins, has argued that Earth cannot be regarded as a giant living organism, because, among other things, it doesn't reproduce. Lovelock's later work has suggested an intriguing answer to this challenge.Recent research shows that Mars receives just enough sunshine to sustain life. Lovelock and a collaborator, science journalist Michael Allaby, have proposed a bold futuristic scheme: unleashing the power of Gaia to bring life to Mars. To warm the planet and get water flowing again, they suggest flooding the Martian atmosphere with chlorofluorocarbon gases that would begin a greenhouse effect. Then tough microorganisms from the dry valleys of Antarctica would be implanted. By photosynthesis the wee creatures would begin turning carbon dioxide and water into oxygen. Unimpeded by predators or competitors, they could quickly reproduce and cover the surface ofthe planet. Human colonies could follow.Earth would thus have its first offspring, seeded by spaceship.。
新人教版英语选修八第四单元Reading的课文译文皮革马利翁主要人物：伊莱扎.杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活。
希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。
皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。
希金斯还给上校安排了一项任务。
※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※第一幕决定性的会面1914年某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场外。
下着倾盆大雨，有一位男士在躲雨，并观察着人们的语言和反应。
一边观察，一边在做记录。
附近有一个卖花姑娘也在躲雨。
这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱。
伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。
先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。
伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，买一束吧。
拿这一束，只要三个便士。
（举起一束已经枯萎的花）先：（不舒服地）别烦我了，好姑娘。
（在口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。
这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。
（看到有人在记什么，表现出担心的样子）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。
我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的。
（开始哭起来）希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘！你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。
希：我像警察吗？伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的东西给我看看。
希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。
（把纸退回给他）希：我来读。
（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音说）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你是伦敦西边的人，出生在里森格罗佛。
Love and logic: The story of fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
人力资源管理是企业管理中非常重要的一个领域，它涉及到员工招聘、培训、绩效管理、薪酬福利、劳动关系等多个方面。
Gary Dessler是著名的人力资源管理学者，他在这个领域有着丰富的理论和实践经验，他的著作对于人力资源管理的研究和实践有着重要的指导作用。
下面是他的一些重要观点摘抄：1. 人力资源管理的目标是以最有效和最经济的方式利用人力资源，使组织的目标得以实现。
这就要求人力资源管理者必须深入了解组织的战略目标和业务需求，以便制定相应的人力资源管理策略和政策。
2. 在员工招聘和选拔上，要根据工作岗位的要求和员工个人的能力、经验、性格特点等因素来进行综合评估，确保招聘选聘到适合的员工。
招聘和选拔流程中要公平、公正，避免歧视行为的发生。
3. 员工的培训和发展是组织发展的重要保障，人力资源管理者应当根据组织的发展需要和员工的职业生涯规划，为员工提供各种培训机会和职业发展路径，帮助他们不断提升能力和素质。
4. 绩效管理是人力资源管理的核心内容之一，通过建立科学、公平的绩效评价体系，可以激励员工发挥潜力，提高工作绩效，同时也可以为员工提供成长和晋升的机会，推动组织的发展。
5. 薪酬福利是关系到员工切身利益的问题，人力资源管理者需要综合考虑员工的工作表现、岗位要求、行业水平等因素，设计合理的薪酬福利体系，满足员工的物质和精神需求，增强员工的归属感和忠诚度。
6. 劳动关系管理是人力资源管理者需要重点关注的内容，良好的劳动关系能够减少劳资纠纷，增强员工的参与感和归属感，为组织的稳定发展创造良好的内部环境。
以上是Gary Dessler在人力资源管理领域的一些重要观点摘抄，这些观点对于企业的人力资源管理实践和学术研究都具有重要的参考价值。
在未来的工作中，人力资源管理者可以结合自身的实际情况，深入理解和运用这些观点，不断提升自身的业务能力和管理水平，为组织的发展和员工的成长共同努力。
人力资源管理是企业管理中的一项重要工作，它直接关系到组织的长期发展和员工的工作生活质量。
人力资源三支柱书籍在人力资源管理领域，有许多经典的书籍涵盖了不同方面的知识和理论。
以下是三本被认为是人力资源三支柱的经典书籍：1. 《人力资源管理》（作者，Gary Dessler）。
该书是人力资源管理领域的经典教材之一。
它涵盖了人力资源管理的基本概念、职能和实践。
书中介绍了招聘与选择、培训与发展、绩效管理、薪酬与福利、劳动关系等方面的内容。
这本书提供了广泛的知识，帮助读者了解人力资源管理的核心原理和最佳实践。
2. 《人力资源策略》（作者，John Storey）。
这本书强调了人力资源管理与组织战略之间的紧密联系。
它探讨了如何将人力资源管理与组织目标和战略相一致，以实现组织的长期成功。
书中涵盖了人力资源规划、人才管理、绩效管理、员工参与和变革管理等关键话题。
通过该书，读者可以了解到如何将人力资源管理作为战略合作伙伴，为组织的发展做出积极贡献。
3. 《员工参与与组织绩效》（作者，Susan Albers Mohrman、Edward E. Lawler III）。
这本书探讨了员工参与对组织绩效的影响。
它介绍了不同类型的员工参与，包括任务参与、认知参与和情感参与，并分析了这些参与形式对组织绩效的影响。
书中还提供了实践建议和案例研究，帮助读者了解如何促进员工参与，提高组织绩效。
这三本书籍涵盖了人力资源管理的不同方面，包括基本概念与实践、战略与规划、员工参与与绩效等。
阅读这些书籍可以帮助人力资源管理人员深入了解该领域的理论和实践，并提供指导和启发，以更好地应对人力资源管理的挑战。
最新现代大学英语精读4第四课正文lionsandtigersandbears课文原文带段落Lions and Tigers and BearsBill Buford1．So I thought I'd spend the night in Central Park, and, having stuffed my small rucksack with a sleeping bag, a big bottle of mineral water, a map, and a toothbrush, I arrived one heavy, muggy Friday evening in July to do just that: to walk around until I got so tired that I'd curl up under a tree and drop off to a peaceful, outdoorsy sleep. Of course, anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city's essential platitude—that you don't wander around Central Park at night—and in that, needless to say, was the appeal: it was the thing you don't do. And, from what I can tell, it has always been the thing you don't do, ever since the Park's founding commissioners, nearly a hundred and fifty years ago, decided that the place should be closed at night. Ogden Nash observed in 1961:If you should happen after darkTo find yourself in Central Park,Ignore the paths that beckon youAnd hurry, hurry to the zoo,And creep into the tiger's lair.Frankly, you'll be safer there.2．Even now, when every Park official, city administrator, and police officer tells us that the Park is safe during the day,they all agree in this: only a fool goes there at night.Or a purse snatcher, loon, prostitute, drug dealer, murderer—not to mention bully, garrotter, highway robber.3．I arrived at nine-fifteen and made for the only nocturnalspot I knew: the Delacorte Theatre.Tonight's show was The Taming of the Shrew.Lights out, applause, and the audience began exiting.So far, so normal, and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in America,except in one respect: a police car was now parked conspicuously in view, its roof light slowly rotating.The police were there to reassure the audience that it was being protected;the rotating red light was like a campfire in the wild, warning what's out there to stay away.4．During my first hour or so, I wandered around the Delacorte, reassured by the lights, the laughter,the lines of Shakespeare that drifted out into the summer night.I was feeling a certain exhilaration, climbing the steps of Belvedere Castle all alone,peeking through the windows of the Henry Luce Nature Observatory, identifying the herbs in the Shakespeare Garden,when, after turning this way and that, I was on a winding trail in impenetrable foliage, and, within minutes, I was lost.5．There was a light ahead, and as I rounded the corner I came upon five men, all wearing white T-shirts, huddled around a bench.I walked past, avoiding eye contact, and turned down a path, a narrow one, black dark, going down a hill, getting darker, very dark.Then I heard a great shaking of the bushes beside me and froze.Animal? Mugger? Whatever I was hearing would surely stop making that noise, I thought.But it didn't. How can this be?I'm in the Park less than an hour and already I'm lost, on an unlighted path,facing an unknown thing shaking threateningly in the bushes, and I thought, Shit! What am I doing here?And I bolted, not running, exactly, but no longer strolling—and certainly not looking back—turning left, turning right, all sense of direction obliterated,the crashing continuing behind me,louder even, left, another man in a T-shirt, right, another man,when finally I realized where I was—in the Ramble.As I turned left again, I saw the lake, and the skyline of Central Park South.I stopped. I breathed. Relax, I told myself. It's only darkness.6．About fifteen feet into the lake, there was a large boulder, with a heap of branches leading to it.I tiptoed across and sat, enjoying the picture of the city again, the very reassuring city.I looked around. There was a warm breeze, and heavy clouds overhead, but it was still hot, and I was sweating.Far out in the lake, there was a light—someone rowing a boat, a lantern suspended above the stem.I got my bearings. I was on the West Side, around Seventy-seventh.The far side of the lake must be near Strawberry Fields, around Seventy-second.It was where, I realized, two years ago, the police had found the body of Michael McMorrow, a forty-four-year-old man (my age),who was stabbed thirty-four times by a fifteen-year-old.After he was killed, he was disemboweled, and his intestines ripped out so that his body would sink when rolled into the lake—a detail that I've compulsively reviewed in my mind since I first heard it.And then his killers, with time on their hands and no witnesses, just went home.7．One of the first events in the park took place 140 years ago almost to the day: a band concert.The concert, pointedly, was held on a Saturday, still a working day, because the concert, like much of the Park then, was designed to keep the city's rougher elements out.The Park at night must have seemed luxurious and secluded—a giant evening garden party.The Park was to be strolled through, enjoyed as an aesthetic experience, like a walk inside a painting.George Templeton Strong, the indefatigablediarist, recognized, on his first visit on June 11, 1859, that the architects were building two different parks at once.One was the Romantic park, which included the Ramble, the carefully "designed" wilderness, wild nature re-created in the middle of the city.The other, the southern end of the Park, was more French: ordered, and characterized by straight lines.8．I climbed back down from the rock. In the distance, I spotted a couple approaching.Your first thought is: nutcase?But then I noticed, even from a hundred feet, that the couple was panicking:the man was pulling the woman to the other side of him, so that he would be between her and me when we passed.The woman stopped, and the man jerked her forward authoritatively.As they got closer, I could see that he was tall and skinny, wearing a plaid shirt and black horn-rimmed glasses;she was a blonde, and looked determinedly at the ground, her face rigid.When they were within a few feet of me, he reached out and grabbed her arm.I couldn't resist: just as we were about to pass each other, I addressed them, forthrightly: "Hello, good people!"I said. "And how are you on this fine summer evening?"At first, silence, and then the woman started shrieking uncontrollably—"Oh, my God! Oh, my God!"—and they hurried away.9．This was an interesting discovery. One of the most frightening things in the Park at night was a man on his own.One of the most frightening things tonight was me.I was emboldened by the realization: I was no longer afraid; I was frightening.10．Not everyone likes the Park, but just about everyone feels he should.This was at the heart of Henry James's observations when he visited the Park, in 1904.The Park, in James's eyes, was a failure, but everyone, as he put it, felt the need to "keep patting the Park on the back."By then, the Park'sfounders had died, and the Park, no longer the domain of the privileged, had been taken over by immigrants.In fact, between James's visit and the nineteen-thirties, the Park might have been at its most popular, visited by ten to twenty million a year.The Park in fact was being destroyed by overuse, until 1934, when the legendary Robert Moses was appointed the Park's commissioner.Moses was responsible for the third design element in the Park—neither English nor French, neither Romantic nor classical,but efficient, purposeful, and unapologeticallyAmerican.He put in baseball diamonds, volleyball courts, and swimming pools.He even tried to turn the Ramble into a senior citizen's recreation center, but was stopped by the protesting bird-watchers.The irony was that by the end of the Moses era the Park was dangerous.11．In my new confidence I set out for the northern end of the Park.Near the reservoir, a gang of kids on bicycles zoomed across the Eighty-fifth Street Transverse, hooting with a sense of ominous power.A little later, there was another gang, this one on foot—about a dozen black kids, moving eastward, just by the running track.I kept my head down and picked up my pace, but my mind involuntarily called up the memory of the 1989 incident,in which a young investment banker was beaten and sexually assaulted by a group of kids on a rampage.12．Around Ninety-fifth Street, I found a bench and stopped.I had taken one of the trails that run alongside the Park's West Drive, and the more northern apartments of Central Park West were in view.I sat as residents prepared for bed: someone watching television, a woman doing yoga, a man stepping into the shower.Below me was the city, the top of the Empire StateBuilding peeking over the skyline.George Templeton Strong discovered the beauty of Central Park at night on July 30, 1869, on a "starlit drive" with his wife.But tonight, even if it weren't clouding over, there'd be no stars.T oo much glare. The Park is now framed, enveloped even, by the city,but there was no escaping the recognition that this city—contrived, man-made, glaringly obtrusive,consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy—was very beautiful.I'm not sure why it should be so beautiful; I don't have the vocabulary to describe its appeal.But there it was: the city at night, viewed from what was meant to be an escape from it, shimmering.13．I walked and walked. Around one-thirty, I entered the North Woods, and made my way down to what my map would later tell me was a stream called the Loch.The stream was loud, sounding more like a river than a stream.And for the first time that night the city disappeared: no buildings, no lights, no sirens.14．I was tired. I had been walking for a long time.I wanted to unroll my sleeping bag, out of view of the police, and fall asleep.I was looking forward to dawn and being awakened by birds.15．I made my way down a ravine. A dirt trail appeared on my left. This looked promising.I followed it, and it wound its way down to the stream.I looked back: I couldn't see the trail; it was blocked by trees.This was good. Secluded. I walked on. It flattened out and I could put a sleeping bag here.This was good, too. Yes: good. There were fireflies, even at this hour,and the place was so dark and so densely shrouded by the trees overhead that the light of the fireflies was hugely magnified;their abdomens pulsed like great yellow flashlights.16．I eventually rolled out my sleeping bag atop a little rise beside the bridle path by the North Meadow,and then I crawled inside my bag and closed my eyes.And then: snap! A tremendous cracking sound. I froze, then quickly whipped round to have a look: nothing.A forest is always full of noises.How did I manage to camp out as a kid? Finally, I fell asleep.17．I know I fell asleep because I was awake again.Another branch snapping, but this sound was different—as if I could hear the tissue of the wood tearing.My eyes still closed, I was motionless. Another branch, and then a rustling of leaves.No doubt: someone was there. I could tell I was being stared at; I could feel the staring. I heard breathing.18．I opened my eyes and was astonished by what I saw.There were three of them, all within arm's reach. They looked very big.At first I didn't know what they were, except that they were animals.Maybe they were bears, small ones.Then I realized; they were—what do you call them?Those animals that Daniel Boone made his hat out of.19．They weren't moving; I wasn't moving. They just stared, brown eyes looking blankly into my own.They were obviously very perplexed to find me here.Suddenly, I was very perplexed to find me here, too."Imagine this," one of them seemed to be saying. "A grown man sleeping out in Central Park!"20．"Obviously, not from New York."21．"Hi, guys," I muttered. I said this very softly.22．My voice startled them and they scurried up the tree in front of me.Then they stopped and resumed staring. And then, very slowly, they inched farther up.They were now about forty feet directly above me, and the tree was swaying slightly with their weight.23．It was starting to drizzle.I heard a helicopter, its searchlight crisscrossing the path only ten feet away.So maybe there were bad guys.24．I looked back at the raccoons. "Are there bad guys here?" I asked them.It was stupid to speak. My voice startled them and, directly overhead, one of them started peeing.And then, nature finding herself unable to resist, it started to pour.25．But not for long. The rain stopped. And I fell asleep.I know I fell asleep because the next thing I heard was birds. A natural, naturally beautiful sound.《红星照耀中国》）导读及练习题本书（原名《红星照耀中国》）是美国著名记者埃德加·斯诺的不朽名著.作者于1936年6月至10月对中国西北革命根据地进行了实地考察,根据考察所掌握的第一手材料完成了《西行漫记》的写作.斯诺作为一个西方新闻记者,对中国共产党和中国革命作了客观评价,并向全世界作了公正报道.全书共12篇,主要内容包括：关于红军长征的介绍；对中国共产党和红军主要领导人的采访；中国共产党的抗日政策、红军的军事策略；作者的整个采访经历和感受等.由于斯诺在西北红色区域的冒险中引起的激情和对中国人民的热爱,他用了后半生的几乎全部精力,对中国问题作继续的探索和报道。
公共事业管理专业教学参考书目《管理学》（二）参考资料1．《管理学》（第7 版），（美）斯蒂芬•P•罗宾斯主编，中国人民大学出版社，2008 年4 月版；2．《管理思想百年脉络：影响世界管理进程的百名大师》，方振邦著，中国人民大学出版社，2007 年11 月版；3．《管理百年》，（英）斯图尔特•克雷纳著，海南出版社，2003 年9 月版；4．《竞争战略》，迈克尔•波特著，华夏出版社，2009 年版1 月版；5．罗宾斯《管理学》笔记和课后习题详解（第7 版），金圣才主编，中国石化出版社，2009 年9 月版；6．《管理学习题与案例（第3 版）》，周三多主编，高等教育出版社，2010 年8 月版。
《会计学》（二）参考资料《基础会计习题与案例》，陈文铭主编，东北财经大学出版社，2007 年2 月第一版。
《管理经济学》（二）参考资料1．《管理经济学》，李宝山主编，东北财经大学出版社，2002 年6 月版；2．《管理经济学》，王建民主编，北京大学出版社，2002 年9 月版；3．《管理经济学》，方博亮主编，中国人民大学出版社，2005 年1 月版。
《应用统计学A》（二）参考资料1．《统计学》，袁卫、庞皓、曾五一主编，高等教育出版社，2007 年05 月版；2．《统计学--原理、方法与spss 应用》，朱帮助主编，科学出版社，2010 年09 月版。
《社会学》（二）参考资料1．《社会学》，（美）波普诺著，李强等译，中国人民大学出版社，2007 年版；2．《社会学与生活》，美）谢弗著，刘鹤群，房智慧译，世界图书出版公司，2009 年版。
《社会工作概论》（二）参考资料1．《社会工作概论》，张乐天主编，华东理工大学出版社，2007 年5 月版；2．《社会工作概论》，：（美）法利，（美）史密斯，（美）博伊尔著，隋玉杰等译，中国人民大学出版社，2010 年9 月版。
《管理文秘》（二）参考资料1.《秘书实务》，王育，高等教育出版社，2007 年版；2．《秘书理论与实务》，朱传忠、叶明，浙江大学出版社，2005 年版。
