会计学03

会计学原理Financial-Accounting-by-Rob ert-Libby第八版-第三章-答案Chapter 3Operating Decisions andthe Accounting SystemANSWERS TO QUESTIONS1. A typical business operating cycle for a manufacturer would be as follows:inventory is purchased, cash is paid to suppliers, the product is manufactured and sold on credit, and the cash is collected from the customer.2. The time period assumption means that the financial condition andperformance of a business can be reported periodically, usually every month, quarter, or year, even though the life of the business is much longer.3. Net Income = Revenues + Gains - Expenses - Losses.Each element is defined as follows:Revenues -- increases in assets or settlements of liabilities from ongoing operations.Gains -- increases in assets or settlements of liabilities from peripheral transactions.Expenses -- decreases in assets or increases in liabilities from ongoingoperations.Losses -- decreases in assets or increases in liabilities from peripheraltransactions.4. Both revenues and gains are inflows of net assets. However, revenuesoccur in the normal course of operations, whereas gains occur from transactions peripheral to the central activities of the company. An example is selling land at a price above cost (at a gain) for companies not in the business of selling land.Both expenses and losses are outflows of net assets. However, expenses occur in the normal course of operations, whereas losses occur from transactions peripheral to the central activities of the company. An example is a loss suffered from fire damage.5. Accrual accounting requires recording revenues when earned andrecording expenses when incurred, regardless of the timing of cash receipts or payments. Cash basis accounting is recording revenues when cash is received and expenses when cash is paid.Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-2 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Financial Accounting, 8/e3-3© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.6. The four criteria that must be met for revenue to be recognized under theaccrual basis of accounting are (1) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (2) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement for customer payment, (3) the price is fixed or determinable, and (4) collection is reasonably assured.7. The expense matching principle requires that expenses be recorded whenincurred in earning revenue. For example, the cost of inventory sold during a period is recorded in the same period as the sale, not when the goods are produced and held for sale.8. Net income equals revenues minus expenses. Thus revenues increase netincome and expenses decrease net income. Because net income increases stockholders’ equity, revenues increase stockholders’ equity and expenses decrease it.9. Reve nues increase stockholders’ equity and expenses decreasestockholders’ equity. To increase stockholders’ equity, an account must be credited; to decrease stockholders’ equity, an account must be debited. Thus revenues are recorded as credits and expenses as debits. 10.11.12.13. Total net profit margin ratio is calculated as Net Income Net Sales (orOperating Revenues). The net profit margin ratio measures how much of every sales dollar is profit. An increasing ratio suggests that the company is managing its sales and expenses effectively.ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. c7. d8. b9. a10. bFinancial Accounting, 8/e 3-4 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Authors' Recommended Solution Time(Time in minutes)* Due to the nature of this project, it is very difficult to estimate the amount of time students will need to complete the assignment. As with any open-ended project, it is possible for students to devote a large amount of time to these assignments. While students often benefit from the extra effort, we find that some become frustrated by the perceived difficulty of the task. You can reduce student frustration and anxiety by making your expectations clear. For example, when our goal is to sharpen research skills, we devote class time discussing research strategies. When we want the students to focus on a real accounting issue, we offer suggestions about possible companies or industries.Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-5 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-6© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.MINI-EXERCISESM3–1.TERMG (1) LossesC (2) Expense matching principle F (3) RevenuesE (4) Time period assumption B(5) Operating cycleM3–2.Cash Basis Income StatementAccrual Basis Income StatementRevenues: Cash sales Customer deposits$8,000 5,000 Revenues: Sales to customers$18,000 Expenses:Inventory purchases Wages paid 1,000 900 Expenses: Cost of sales Wages expense Utilities expense 9,000 900 300Net Income$11,100Net Income $7,800Revenue Account Affected Amount of Revenue Earned in JulyM3–4.Expense Account Affected Amount of Expense Incurred in JulyFinancial Accounting, 8/e 3-7 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.a. Cash (+A) ............................................................................ 15,000Games Revenue (+R, +SE) .......................................... 15,000 b. Cash (+A) ............................................................................ 3,000Accounts Receivable (+A) ................................................ 5,000 Sales Revenue (+R, +SE) ............................................. 8,000 c. Cash (+A) ............................................................................ 4,000Accounts Receivable (-A) ........................................... 4,000 d. Cash (+A) ............................................................................ 2,500Unearned Revenue (+L) ............................................... 2,500 M3–6.e. Cost of Goods Sold (+E, -SE)........................................... 6,800Inventory (-A) ............................................................... 6,800 f. Accounts Payable (–L) (800)Cash (-A) (800)g. Wages Expense (+E, -SE) ................................................. 3,500Cash (-A) ...................................................................... 3,500 h. Insurance Expense (+E, -SE) . (500)Prepaid Expenses (+A) ...................................................... 1,00 Cash (-A) ...................................................................... 1,500 i. Repairs Expense (+E, -SE) .. (700)Cash (-A) (700)j. Utilities Expense (+E, -SE) (900)Accounts Payable (+L) (900)Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-8 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Transaction (c) results in an increase in an asset (cash) and a decrease in an asset (accounts receivable). Therefore, there is no net effect on assets.M3–8.Transaction (h) results in an increase in an asset (prepaid expenses) and a decrease in an asset (cash). Therefore, the net effect on assets is 500.Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-9 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.Craig’s Bowling, Inc.Income StatementFor the Month of July 2014Revenues:Games revenue $15,000Sales revenue 8,000Total revenues 23,000Expenses:Cost of goods sold 6,800Utilities expense 900Wages expense 3,500Insurance expense 500Repairs expense 700Total expenses 12,400Net income $ 10,600M3–10.Financial Accounting, 8/e 3-10 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.M3–11.These results suggest that Jen’s Jewelry Company earned approximately $0.31 for every dollar of revenue in 2015, and over time, the ratio has improved. Jen’s has become more effective at managing sales and expenses.As additional analysis:Between 2013 to 2014 and 2014 to 2015, sales have increased at a lower percentage than net income. This suggests that the company has been more effective at controlling expenses than generating revenues.EXERCISESE3–1.TERMK (1) ExpensesE (2) GainsG (3) Revenue realization principleI (4) Cash basis accountingM (5) Unearned revenueC (6) Operating cycleD (7) Accrual basis accountingF (8) Prepaid expensesJ (9) Revenues - Expenses = Net IncomeL (10) Ending Retained Earnings =Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income - Dividends DeclaredE3–2.Req. 1Cash Basis Income StatementAccrual Basis Income StatementRevenues:Cash sales Customer deposits $500,00070,000Revenues:Sales tocustomers$750,000Expenses:Inventory purchases Wages paidUtilities paid90,000180,30017,200Expenses:Cost of salesWages expenseUtilities expense485,000184,00019,130Net Income $282,500 Net Income $61,870Req. 2Accrual basis financial statements provide more useful information to external users. Financial statements created under cash basis accounting normally postpone (e.g., $250,000 credit sales) or accelerate (e.g., $70,000 customer deposits) recognition of revenues and expenses long before or after goods andservices are produced and delivered (until cash is received or paid). They also do not necessarily reflect all assets or liabilities of a company on a particular date.Activity Revenue AccountAmount of RevenueActivity Expense AccountAmount of ExpenseE3–5.Transaction (k) results in an increase in an asset (cash) and a decrease in an asset (accounts receivable). Therefore, there is no net effect on assets.* A loss affects net income negatively, as do expenses.E3–6.Transaction (f) results in an increase in an asset (property, plant, and equipment) and a decrease in an asset (cash). Therefore, there is no net effect on assets.E3–7.(in thousands)a. Plant and equipment (+A) (636)Cash ( A) (636)Debits equal credits. Assets increase and decrease by the same amount.b. Cash (+A) (181)Short-term notes payable (+L) (181)Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities increase by the same amount.c. Cash (+A) ..........................................................................Accounts receivable (+A) ................................................ 10,765 28,558Service revenue (+R, +SE) ........................................ 39,323 Debits equal credits. Revenue increases retained earnings (part of stockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets increase by the same amount.E3–7. (continued)d. Accounts payable (-L) ..................................................... 32,074Cash (-A) ................................................................... 32,074 Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities decrease by the same amount.e. Inventory (+A) ................................................................... 32,305Accounts payable (+L) .............................................. 32,305 Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities increase by the same amount.f. Wages expense (+E, -SE) ............................................... 3,500Cash (-A) ................................................................... 3,500 Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets decrease by thesame amount.g. Cash (+A) .......................................................................... 39,043Accounts receivable (-A) ....................................... 39,043 Debits equal credits. Assets increase and decrease by the same amount.h. Fuel expense (+E, -SE) (750)Cash (-A) (750)Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets decrease by thesame amount.i. Retained earnings (-SE) (597)Cash (-A) (597)Debits equal credits. Assets and stock holders’ equity decrease by thesame amount.j. Utilities expense (+E, -SE) (68)Cash (-A) ................................................................... Accounts payable (+L) .............................................. 55 13Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (part of stockholders' equity). Together, stockholders' equity and liabilities decrease by the same amount as assets.E3–8.Req. 1a.Cash (+A) ................................................................... 2,300,000Short-term note payable (+L) ........................ 2,300,000 Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities increase by the same amount.b.Equipment (+A) ......................................................... 98,000Cash (-A) ........................................................ 98,000 Debits equal credits. Assets increase and decrease by the same amount.c.Merchandise inventory (+A) .................................... 35,000Accounts payable (+L) .................................. 35,000 Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities increase by the same amount.d.Repairs (or maintenance) expense (+E, -SE) ......... 62,000Cash (-A) ........................................................ 62,000 Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets decrease by thesame amount.e.Cash (+A) ................................................................... 390,000Unearned pass revenue (+L) ......................... 390,000 Debits equal credits. Since the season passes are sold before Vail Resorts provides service, revenue is deferred until it is earned. Assets andliabilities increase by the same amount.f.Two transactions occur:(1) Accounts receivable (+A) (800)Ski shop sales revenue (+R, +SE) (800)Debits equal credits. Revenue increases retained earnings (a part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets increase by thesame amount.(2) Cost of goods sold (+E, -SE) (500)Merchandise inventory (-A) (500)Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (a part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets decrease by thesame amount.E3–8. (continued)g.Cash (+A) ................................................................... 320,000Lift revenue (+R, +SE) .................................... 320,000 Debits equal credits. Revenue increases retained earnings (a part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets increase by thesame amount.h.Cash (+A) ................................................................... 3,500Unearned rent revenue (+L) .......................... 3,500 Debits equal credits. Since the rent is received before the townhouse isused, revenue is deferred until it is earned. Assets and liabilities increase by the same amount.i. Accounts payable (-L) ............................................. 17,500Cash (-A) ........................................................ 17,500 Debits equal credits. Assets and liabilities decrease by the same amount. j.Cash (+A) . (400)Accounts receivable (-A) (400)Debits equal credits. Assets increase and decrease by the same amount. k.Wages expense (+E, -SE) ........................................ 245,000Cash (-A) ........................................................ 245,000 Debits equal credits. Expenses decrease retained earnings (a part ofstockholders' equity). Stockholders' equity and assets decrease by thesame amount.Req. 22/1 Rent expense (+E, -SE) (275)Cash (-A) (275)2/2 Fuel expense (+E, -SE) (490)Accounts payable (+L) (490)2/4 Cash (+A) (820)Unearned revenue (+L) (820)2/7 Cash (+A) (910)Transport revenue (+R, +SE) (910)2/10 Advertising expense (+E, -SE) (175)Cash (-A) (175)2/14 Wages payable (-L) ......................................................... 2,300Cash (-A) ......................................................... 2,3002/18 Cash (+A) ..........................................................................Accounts receivable (+A) ................................................ 1,600 2,200Transport revenue (+R, +SE) ......................... 3,800 2/25 Parts supplies (+A) .......................................................... 2,550Accounts payable (+L) ................................... 2,550 2/27 Retained earnings (-SE) .. (200)Dividends payable (+L) (200)Req. 1 and 2Accounts Unearned Fee NoteAdditional Paid-inRebuilding Fees RentItem (f) is not a transaction; there has been no exchange.E3–10. (continued)Req. 3Net income using the accrual basis of accounting:Revenues $19,850 ($19,000 + $850)– Expenses 16,900 ($16,500 + $400)Net Income $ 2,950Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity$12,090 $ 7,700 $ 1,70024,800 4,440 7,8202,460 48,500 9,36010,420 2,950 netincome7,40025,300$82,470 $60,640 $21,830Req. 4Net income using the cash basis of accounting:Cash receipts $27,650 (transactions a through d)–Cash disbursements 19,760 (transactions g, i, and k)Net Income $ 7,890Cash basis net income ($7,890) is higher than accrual basis net income ($2,950) because of the differences in the timing of recording revenues versus receipts and expenses versus disbursements between the two methods. The $7,800 higher amount in cash receipts over revenues includes cash received prior to being earned (from (b), $600) and cash received after being earned (in (d), $7,200). The $2,860 higher amount in cash disbursements over expenses includes cash paid after being incurred in the prior period (in (g), $2,300), plus cash paid for supplies to be used and expensed in the future (in (k), $960), less an expense incurred in January to be paid in February (in (e), $400).STACEY’S PIANO REBUILDING COMPANYIncome Statement (unadjusted)For the Month Ended January 31, 2014 Operating Revenues:Rebuilding fees revenue $ 19,000 Total operating revenues 19,000 Operating Expenses:Wages expense 16,500 Utilities expense 400 Total operating expenses 16,900 Operating Income 2,100 Other Item:Rent revenue 850 Net Income $ 2,950Req. 1 and 2Common Additional RetainedFood Sales Revenue Catering Sales RevenueE3–14.Req. 1TRAVELING GOURMET, INC.Income Statement (unadjusted)For the Month Ended March 31, 2014 Revenues:Food sales revenueCatering sales revenueTotal revenues Expenses:Supplies expenseUtilities expenseWages expenseFuel expenseTotal costs and expenses $ 11,9004,20016,10010,8304206,28036317,893Net Loss $ (1,793) Req. 2Transaction O, I, or F Activity (or No Effect) on Statement ofDirection and AmountReq. 3The company generated a small loss of 1,793 during its first month of operations, before making any adjusting entries. The adjusting entries for use of the building and equipment and interest expense on the borrowing will increase the loss. Cash flows from operating activities were also negative at $2,973 (= + 11,900 + 2,600 –10,830 –363 –6,280) . So far the company does not appear to be successful, but it is only in its first month of operating a retail store. If sales can be increased without inflating fixed costs (particularly salaries expense), the company may soon turn a profit. It is not unusual for small businesses to report a loss or have negative cash flows from operations as they start up operations.E3–15.Req. 1Transaction Brief Explanationa Issued 10,000 shares of common stock to shareholders for $82,000cash.b Purchased store fixtures for $15,400 cash.c Purchased $24,800 of inventory, paying $6,200 cash and thebalance on account.d Sold $14,000 of goods or services to customers, receiving $9,820cash and the balance on account. The cost of the goods sold was$7,000.e Used $1,480 of utilities during the month, not yet paid.f Paid $1,300 in wages to employees.g Paid $2,480 in cash for rent, $620 related to the current month and$1,860 related to future months.h Received $3,960 cash from customers, $1,450 related to currentsales and $2,510 related to goods or services to be provided in thefuture.Req. 2Kate’s Kite CompanyIncome StatementFor the Month Ended April 30, 2014Sales Revenue Expenses:Cost of salesWages expenseRent expenseUtilities expenseTotal expenses $ 15,4507,0001,3006201,48010,400Net Income $ 5,050Kate’s Kite CompanyBalance SheetAt April 30, 2014Assets Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Current Assets: Current Liabilities:Cash $70,400 Accounts payable $20,080 Accounts receivable 4,180 Unearned revenue 2,510 Inventory 17,800 Total current liabilities 22,590 Prepaid expenses 1,860 Shareholders’ Equity:Total current assets 94,240 Common stock 10,000 Store fixtures 15,400 Additional paid-in capital 72,000Retained earnings 5,050Total shareholders’equity87,050Total Assets $109,640 Total Liabilities &Shareholders’ Equity$109,640E3–16.Req. 1Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity $ 3,200 $ 2,400 $ 800 8,000 5,600 4,0006,400 1,600 3,200 $17,600 $9,600 $ 8,000Req. 2Accounts Long-TermAccounts Unearned Long-TermAdditionalConsulting Fee InvestmentRent ExpenseE3–16. (continued)Req. 3Revenues $58,400 ($58,000 from sales + $400 on investments)– Expenses 56,400 ($36,000 + $12,000 + $800 + $7,600)Net Income $ 2,000Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity$ 1,120 $ 1,600 $ 80012,400 7,200 4,0006,400 1,600 2,7202,000 net income $19,920 $10,400 $ 9,520 Req. 4Net Profit Margin = Net Income = $2,000 = 0.0345Ratio Sales (Operating) Revenues $58,000* or 3.45% * The $400 of investment income is not an operating revenue and is not included in the computation.The increasing trend in the net profit margin ratio (from 2.5% in 2013 to 2.9% in 2014 and then to 3.45% in 2015) suggests that the company is managing its sales and expenses more effectively over time.E3–17.Req. 1Accounts receivable increases with customer sales on account and decreases with cash payments received from customers.Prepaid expenses increase with cash payments of expenses related to future periods and decrease as these expenses are incurred over time.Unearned subscriptions increase with cash payments received from customers for goods or services to be provided in the future and decreases when those goods or services are provided.Req. 2Trade Accounts ReceivablePrepaidExpensesUnearnedSubscriptionsComputations:Beginning + “+”-“-”= EndingTrade accounts receivable 717 + 5,240 -??==6935,264Prepaid expenses 95 + 203 -??==107191Unearned subscriptions 224 + 2,690 -??==2312,683E3–18.ITEM LOCATION1. Description of a company’sprimary business(es). Letter to shareholders;Management’s Discussion and Analysis; Summary of significant accounting policies note2. Income taxes paid. Notes; Statement of cash flows3. Accounts receivable. Balance sheet4. Cash flow from operatingactivities.Statement of cash flows5. Description of a company’srevenue recognition policy. Summary of significant accounting policies note6. The inventory sold during theyear.Income statement (Cost of Goods Sold)7. The data needed to compute thenet profit margin ratio.Income statementPROBLEMSP3-1.Transactions Debit Credita. Example: Purchased equipment for use in the business;5 1, 8paid one-third cash and signed a note payable for thebalance.b. Paid cash for salaries and wages earned by employees thisperiod.15 1 c. Paid cash on accounts payable for expensesincurred last period.7 1d. Purchased supplies to be used later; paid cash. 3 1e. Performed services this period on credit. 2 14f. Collected cash on accounts receivable for servicesperformed last period. 1 2g. Issued stock to new investors. 1 11, 12h. Paid operating expenses incurred this period.15 1i. Incurred operating expenses this period to be paidnext period.15 7 j. Purchased a patent (an intangible asset); paid cash. 6 1 k. Collected cash for services performed this period. 1 14 l. Used some of the supplies on hand for operations.15 3 m. Paid three-fourths of the income tax expense for the year;the balance will be paid next year.16 1, 10 n. Made a payment on the equipment note in (a); the paymentwas part principal and part interest expense.8, 17 1 o. On the last day of the current period, paid cash for aninsurance policy covering the next two years. 4 1a. Cash (+A) ........................................................................... 40,000Common stock (+SE) (20)Additional paid-in capital (+SE) ................................ 39,980 b. Cash (+A) ........................................................................... 60,000Note payable (long-term) (+L) ..................................... 60,000 c. Rent expense (+E, -SE) .................................................... 1,500Prepaid rent (+A) ............................................................... 1,500 Cash (-A) ...................................................................... 3,000 d. Prepaid insurance (+A) ..................................................... 2,400Cash (-A) ..................................................................... 2,400 e. Furniture and fixtures (or Equipment) (+A) ..................... 15,000Accounts payable (+L) ............................................... 12,000Cash (-A) ..................................................................... 3,000 f. Inventory (+A) .................................................................... 2,800Cash (-A) ..................................................................... 2,800 g. Advertising expense (+E, -SE) .. (350)Cash (-A) (350)h. Cash (+A) (850)Accounts receivable (+A) (850)Sales revenue (+R, +SE) ............................................ 1,700 Cost of goods sold (+E, -SE) . (900)Inventory (-A) (900)i. Accounts payable (-L) ...................................................... 12,000Cash (-A) ..................................................................... 12,000 j. Cash (+A) (210)Accounts receivable (-A) (210)。

第三章存款业务核算一、单项选择题1、下列有关教育储蓄存款表述错误的是（）。

A、教育储蓄存款是为接受非义务教育积蓄资金，实行优惠利率，分次存入，到期一次支取本息的业务B、教育储蓄存款的开户对象是在校小学四年级(含四年级)以上学生C、教育储蓄存款的储存期分为一年、三年、六年D、教育储蓄存款的起存点1 000元，每户本金最高限额为2万元2、（）是指客户按月定额存入，到期一次支取本息的服务。

A、整存整取业务B、零存整取业务C、整存领取业务D、定活两便业务3、储户持存折到银行办理取款业务时，银行应作会计处理为（）。

A、借：短期储蓄存款——X X储户贷：库存现金B、借：库存现金贷：短期储蓄存款——X X储户C、借：银行存款贷：吸收存款D、借：短期存款贷：银行存款4、下列有关单位定期存款表述错误的是（）。

A、单位定期存款的存期有3个月、6个月、1年三个档次B、企事业单位、国家机关、社会团体、学校等按规定提留的各项资金及其闲置自有资金，均可在开户银行办理定期存款C、单位定期存款最低存入金额为l万元D、单位定期存款即可转账又可提现5、银行确认利息支出的相关分录为（）。

A、借：利息支出贷：短期存款B、借：利息支出贷：银行存款C、借：库存现金贷：利息支出D、借：财务费用贷：利息支出6、现行银行制度规定，单位活期存款利息实行按季计息，以每季度末月（）为结息日。

A、1日B、10日C、15日D、20日7、中国银行客户朝阳百盛公司存入现金70 000元，中国银行接柜后以现金缴款单第二联作贷方凭证登记分户账，其会计分录应为（）。

A、借：库存现金70 000贷：短期存款——朝阳百货公司70 000B、借：短期存款——朝阳百货公司70 000贷：库存现金70 000D、借：短期存款——朝阳百货公司70 000贷：银行存款70 0008、下列关于基本存款账户表述错误的是（）。

A、基本存款账户的形式有支票户和存折户两种B、存款人的工资、奖金等先进的支取只能通过基本存款账户办理C、凡开立基本存款账户的单位必须是独立核算的单位D、基本存款账户是根据国家法律法规对特定用途的资金进行专项管理使用和管理开立的账户9、（）是存款人办理日常转账结算和现金收付业务的账户。

借贷平衡原理及应用一、借贷记账法借贷记账法，起源于13世纪的意大利，在清朝末期的光绪年间从日本传入中国。

在各种复式记账法中，借贷记账法是产生最早，并在当今世界各国应用最广泛、最科学的记账方法。

目前，我国的企业、事业单位会计记账都采用借贷记账法。

借贷记账法以“借”、“贷”作为记账符号，在两个或两个以上相互联系的账户中，对每一项经济业务以相等的金额全面进行记录的一种复式记账方法。

这种记账法有以下几个特点：1.科学地运用了“借”和“贷”的记账符号，充分体现出资金运动的来龙去脉这一对立统一关系，记账方法体系科学严谨。

2.“有借必有贷，借贷必相等”的记账规则，应用起来十分方便。

在编制每笔会计分录时，都能清晰地看出账户之间的对应关系，便于及时检查会计记录的正确性，从而为进一步的会计处理奠定了良好的基础。

3.由于每笔会计分录中借贷自求平衡，为日常的会计处理自检和期末的试算平衡提供了方便。

借贷平衡方法易于理解、方便简单、便于操作。

二、借贷平衡规则借贷平衡是指为保证会计账务处理的正确性，依据会计等式或复式记账原理，对本期各账户的全部记录进行汇总和测算，以检查账户记录的正确性和完整性的一种方法。

采用借贷记账法记录经济业务，要求对每一项发生的经济业务都按照借贷记账法的“有借必有贷，借贷必相等”记账规则，分别记入有关账户。

这样，当一定会计期间内（月、季、年）的全部经济业务的会计分录都记入有关账户后，所有账户的借方发生额合计数必然等于所有账户贷方发生额合计数。

期末结账后，所有账户的借方期末余额合计数与货方期末余额合计数也必然相等。

因此，运用借贷记账法记账，就要根据借贷必相等的规则进行借贷平衡，以检查每一项经济业务的会计分录是否正确，在借贷记账法下，借贷平衡可以按照下列公式进行。

所有账户期初借方余额合计数=所有账户期初贷方余额合计数。

所有账户本期借方发生额合计数=所有账户本期贷方发生额合计数所有账户期末借方余额合计数=所有账户期末贷方余额合计数期末，企业可通过编制借贷平衡表的方式进行总分类账户本期发生额和余额的借贷平衡。

第三章存货一，存货的定义：存货，是指企业在日常活动中持有以备出售的产成品或商品，处在生产过程中的在产品，在生产过程或提供劳务过程中耗用的材料和物料等。

【以备出售、以备消耗】“存货”包括 8 个项目：①在途物资（材料采购）；②原材料（材料成本差异）；③周转材料（低值易耗品和包装物）；④生产成本（在产品）；⑤库存商品；⑥发出商品；⑦委托代销商品；⑧委托加工物资。

受托代销商品是存货注：为建造固定资产而持有的物质不是存货；来料加工的代制品和代修品，在代制代修完成入库后，视为存货；来料加工中之来料不是存货；委托代销产品对代销方而言不是存货。

二，存货的确认：1．与该存货有关的经济利益很可能流入企业（对存货是否有所有权是经济利益是否很可能流入企业的判断标志）2．该存货的成本能够可靠地计量。

备注：同资产类三，存货的计量存货的 1.外购初始计存货成量本一、工业企业：购买价款+相关税（进口关税、消费税、资源税、不得抵扣的增值税）+相关费（运输费的93﹪、装卸费、保险费、包装费）+其他（合理损耗、入库前挑选整理费）注：不构成采购成本（ 1）增值税（ 2）采购人员的差旅费（管理费用）（ 3）入库后的仓储费（管理费用）（ 4）包装物押金（ 5）印花税、土地使用税、车船税、房产税都计入管理费用。

二、商品流通企业：发生的采购费用，应当计入存货采购成本，也可先进行归集，期末根据所购商品的存销情况进行分摊。

已售商品的进货费用，计当然损益（主营业务成本），末售商品的进货费用，记入存货成本，对于进货费用金额少的，可直接计当期损益（销售费用）。

（ 1）采购时收到发票时：借：在途物资应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额）贷：银行存款①倘若以商业汇票结算，则贷记“应付票据”科目；②倘若是赊购，则贷记“应付账款”科目；③倘若是预订的货物，则贷记“预付账款”科目。

（2）入库时收到仓库转来的外购收料凭证时：①对于已收到发票的收料凭证2.加工取得存货成本3.其他方式取得存货成本借：原材料贷：在途物资②对于未收到发票的收料凭证收到货物，但未收到发票的，暂不作会计分录；倘若到了月末，仍未收到发票，则按暂估价入账。

管理学科类编号一、管理学科类编号1. 经济学（01）2. 金融学（02）3. 会计学（03）4. 市场营销学（04）5. 人力资源管理学（05）6. 组织行为学（06）7. 战略管理学（07）8. 运营管理学（08）9. 创新管理学（09）10. 项目管理学（10）二、经济学（01）经济学是管理学中的基础学科，研究资源的配置和人类行为的科学。

它主要研究人们在稀缺资源下如何做出决策以满足无限的需求。

经济学分为宏观经济学和微观经济学两个层面。

宏观经济学研究整体经济系统，如国家经济增长、通货膨胀、失业等；微观经济学研究个体经济主体，如消费者、生产者、市场等。

三、金融学（02）金融学是管理学中的重要学科，研究货币、资本和金融市场等方面的理论和实践。

它主要研究资金的筹集、投资和运用，以及风险管理等内容。

金融学分为公司金融和投资金融两个层面。

公司金融研究企业的融资、投资、分红等决策；投资金融研究个人和机构的投资决策。

四、会计学（03）会计学是管理学中的重要学科，研究财务信息的记录、处理和报告等方面的理论和实践。

它主要研究企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等内容。

会计学分为财务会计和管理会计两个层面。

财务会计研究企业对外报告的财务信息；管理会计研究企业内部的成本、预算、绩效等信息。

五、市场营销学（04）市场营销学是管理学中的重要学科，研究市场需求与供给、产品与消费者之间的关系等方面的理论和实践。

它主要研究企业如何与消费者建立联系，满足消费者需求，实现市场营销目标。

市场营销学包括市场调研、产品定位、渠道管理、促销策略等内容。

六、人力资源管理学（05）人力资源管理学是管理学中的重要学科，研究组织内人力资源的开发、配置和激励等方面的理论和实践。

它主要研究企业如何吸引、培养、激励和保留人才，以及如何管理员工关系和组织文化。

人力资源管理学包括招聘、培训、绩效评估、薪酬福利等内容。

七、组织行为学（06）组织行为学是管理学中的重要学科，研究个体、团队和组织之间的行为、决策和互动等方面的理论和实践。

Chapter 3 The Balance Sheet and Financial DisclosuresQUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSQuestion 3-2The balance sheet does not portray the market value of the entity (number of common stock shares outstanding multiplied by price per share) for a number of reasons. Most assets are not reported at fair value, but instead are measured according to historical cost・ Also, there are certain resources, such as trained employees, an experienced management team, and a good reputation, that are not recorded as assets at all. Therefore, the assets of a company minus its liabilities, as shown in the balanee sheet, will not be representative of the company's market value.Question 3-6Investments in equity securities are classified as current if the company's management (1) intends to liquidate the investment in the next year or operating cycle, whichever is longer, and (2) has the ability to do so, ie，the investment is marketable. If either of these criteria does not hold, the investment is classified as noncurrent.Question 3-9A note payable of $100,000 due in five years would be classified as a long-term liability. A $100,000 note due in five annual installments of $20,000 each would be classified as a $20,000 current liability — current maturities of long-term debt — and an $80,000 long-term liability.Question 3-11Disclosure notes provide additional detail concerning specific financial statement items. Included are such data as the fair values of financial instruments and off-balance-sheet risk associated with financial instruments and details of pension plans, leases, debt, and assets. Common to all companies9 disclosures are certain specific notes such as a summary of significant accounting policies, descriptions of subsequent events, and related third-party transactions. However, many notes are designed to fit the disclosure needs of the particular reporting company. In fact, any explanation that helps investors and creditors make decisions should be included・Question 3-14The discussion provides management^ views on significant events, trends and uncertainties pertaining to the company(a) operations, (b) liquidity, and (c) capital resources. Certainly the Management Discussion and Analysis section may be slanted to management's biased perspective and therefore can lack objectivity. However, management can offer an informed insight that might not be available elsewhere, so if the reader maintains awareness of the information^ source, it can offer a unique view of the situation.Question 3-20Differences in balance sheet presentation between U.S. GAAP and IFRS include:1.International standards specify a minimum list of items to be presented in the balance sheet. U.S.GAAP has no minimum requirements.2.IAS No. /, revised, changed the title of the balance sheet to statement of financial position, althoughcompanies are not required to use that title. Some U.S. companies use the statement of financial position title as well.3.Under U.S. GAAP, we present current assets and liabilities before noncurrent assets and liabilities.IAS No. 1 doesn^t prescribe the format of the balance sheet, but balance sheets prepared using IFRS often report noncurrent items first.Question 3-23U.S. GAAP requires companies to report information about reported segment profit or loss, including certain revenues and expenses included in reported segment profit or loss, segment assets, and the basis of measurement. The international standard on segment reporting, IFRS No. & requires that companies also disclose the total liabilities of its reportable segments- EXERCISESExercise 3-21. c Equipment 10. a Inventories2. f Accounts payable 11. d Patent3. -a Allowance for uncollectible accounts 12. c Land, in use4. b Land, held for investment 13. f Accrued liabilities5. 2 Note payable, due in 5 years 14. a Prepaid rent6. f Unearned rent revenue 15. h Common stock7. f Note payable, due in 6 months 16. c Building, in use& ■1 Income less dividends, accumulated 17. a Cash9. b Investment in XYZ Corp., long-term 1& f Taxes payableExercise 3・9See calculations below the balance sheet.Korver Supply CompanyBalance SheetAt December 31, 2011AssetsCurrent assets:Cash .............................................................................................. $168,000 Accounts receivable ........................................................................ 320,000 Inventories ..................................................................................... 250,000 Total current assets ................................................................... 738,000 Property, plant, and equipment:Furniture and fixtures ........................................ $300,000Less: Accumulated depreciation ......................... (170,000)Net property, plant, and equipment .............. 13(),()00Total assets ............................................................................ $868.000Liabilities and Shareholders1 Equity Current liabilities:Accounts payable .......................................................................... $180,000 Interest payable ................................................................................... 6,000 Note payable ................................................................................... 200Q00 Total current liabilities ............................................................. 386,000 Shareholders' equity:Common stock .................................................... $100,000Retained earnings ................................................... 382,00()Total shareholders9 equity ........................................................ 482,000Total liabilities and shareholders9 equity $86&000Chapter 03 - The Balance Sheet and Financial Disclosures Exercise 3-9 (concluded)Beginning balance in cash+ Cash collected from customers -Cash paid to suppliers-Cash paid for operating expenses -Cash paid for interestEnding cash balance $ 120,000 780,000 (560,000) (160,000) (12,000) $168,000Beginning balance in accounts receivable + Credit sales-Cash collected from customersEnding balance in accounts receivable $300,000 800,000 (780,000) $320,000Beginning balance in inventories + Purchases -Cost of merchandise soldEnding balance in inventories $200,000 550,000 (500,000) $250,000Beginning balance in furniture and fixtures, net -Depreciation for the yearEnding balance in furniture and fixtures, net $ 150,000 (20,000) $130,000Beginning balance in accounts payable + Purchases on account-Cash paid to suppliersEnding balance in accounts payable $190,000 550,000 (560,000) $180,000Beginning balance in retained earnings + Sales revenue-Cost of goods sold-Operating expenses-Depreciation expense-Interest expenseEnding balance in retained earnings $274,000 800,000 (500,000) (160,000) (20,000) (12,000) $382,000Accrued interest on note ($200,000、i 6% x 6/12) $6,000Exercise 3・15List A List Bd 1. Balance sheet a. Will be satisfied through the use of currentassets.h 2. Liquidity b. Items expected to be converted to cash orconsumed within one year or the operatingcycle, whichever is longer・b 3. Current assets c. The statements are presented fairly inconformity with GAAP.• 4. Operating cycle d. An organized array of assets, liabilities, andequit y.a 5. Current liabilities e. Important to a user in comparing financialinformation across companies.k 6. Cash equivalent f. Scope limitation or a departure from GAAP.m 7. Intangible asset g. Recorded when an expense is incurred but notyet paid ・1 & Working capital h. Relates to the amount of time before an assetis converted to cash or a liability is paid.g 9. Accrued liabilities i. Occurs after the fiscal year-end but before thestatements are issued・e10. Summary of significantaccounting policiesj. Cash to cash.■1 11. Subsequent events k. One-month U.S. treasury bill.c 12. Unqualified opinion 1. Current assets minus current liabilities.f 13. Qualified opinion m. Lacks physical substance.$& 192 ^$8,435 = .97 [$498 + 11 + 1,868] m $8,435 = .28 [$8,435 + 2,748] m $4,643 = 2.4 [$ 1,003 + 94 + 674] m $94 = 19 times Requirement 2Best Buy's current and acid-test ratios both are lower than the industry averages, indicating questionable liquidity ・ The debt to equity ratio is significantly higher than the industry average, indicating that the company's assets are primarily financed with liabilities rather than equity. However, the company's times interest earned ratio is significantly higher than the industry average ・ Even with high leverage, Best Buy seems quite capable of meeting its debt interest obligations ・Exercise 3-17Requirement 1 a. Current ratio b. Acid-test ratio c. Debt to equity ratio d ・ Times interest earned ratioExercise 3-181 ・ Acid-test ratio 二Quick assets m Current liabilities = 1.20Quick assets = Current assets - InventoriesQuick assets 二Current assets ・ $840,000Curi'ent assets 4- Current liabilities = 2.25Cun*ent assets - $840,000 m Cun*ent liabilities 二 1.20$840,000 m Current liabilities = 1.05Current liabilities = $800,000Current assets 4- $800,000 二2.25Current assets = $1,800,0002.Debt to equity ratio = Total liabilities Shareholders, equity = 1.8Total liabilities + Shareholders1 equity = Total assetsTotal liabilities + Shareholders* equity = $2,800,000Let x equal shareholders* equity1.8 x + x = $2,800,000x = $1,000,000 = Shareholders1 equity3.Noncurrent assets 二Total assets - Current assetsNoncurrent assets = $2,800,000 一1,800,000 = $1,000,0004.Long-term liabilities = Total assets ・ Current liabilities ・ Shareholders' equityLong-term liabilities 二$2,800,000 - 800,000 - 1,000,000 二$1,000,000CPA / CMA REVIEW QUESTIONSCPA Exam Questions1. b. The principal would have to be due after April 3(), 2012 to be considered as anoncurrent asset at April 30, 2011. The accrued interest for eight months (since August 31, 2010) is a current asset at April 30, 2011. Since the principal is due August 31,2012, additional interest would have to be recorded for the period September 1, 2011 to August 31, 2012.2. a> Current liabilities are obligations that are expected to be paid within one yearor the operating cycle whichever is longer.Accounts payable Bonds payable Dividends payableTotal current liabilitiesThe notes payable are not classified as current liabilities because they are not due until 2013-3. a. Inventory pricing is a significant accounting policy which should be disclosed according to generally accepted accounting principles, but the composition of plant assets is not a policy disclosure.$15,000 22,000 &000 $45,000CPA Exam Questions (concluded)4.c・The auditors5 standard report includes a statement that the financialstatements are the responsibility of the Company's management and that the auditors, responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements.5.b・ Current ratio — increased; Quick ratio decreased.Current ratio = Current assets m Current liabilities・When the current ratio is greater than 1 to 1, an equal decrease in currentassets and current liabilities will result in an increase in the current ratio. The decrease in current liabilities (the smaller number) is proportionately greater than the decrease in current assets, resulting in an increase in the ratio.Quick ratio 二(Cash + Marketable Securities + Accounts receivable) — Current liabilities When the quick ratio is less than 1:1, an equal decrease in quick assets andcurrent liabilities will result in a decrease in the ratio. The decrease in current liabilities (the larger number) is proportionately smaller than the decrease in quick assets, resulting in a decrease in the ratio.6.a・ Since inventory is not included in the quick ratio, the write-off of obsoleteinventory would have no effect on the quick ratio; however, it would decrease the current ratio as the write・off would reduce current assets.Problem 3-4WEISMULLER PUBLISHING COMPANYBalance SheetAt December 31,2011AssetsCurrent assets:Cash and cash equivalents (1) ................................................. $ 95,000 Short-term investments ............................................................. 110,000 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for uncollectibleaccounts of $16,000 .............................................................. 144,000 Inventories ............................................................................... 285,000 Prepaid expenses (2) ................................................................. 88,000 Total cuirent assets ............................................................ 722,000 Property, plant, and equipment:Machinery and equipment ....................................................... $320,000Less: Accumulated depreciation ............................................... (110,000) Net property, plant, and equipment ................................... 210,000 Other assets:Prepaid expenses 60,000 Total assets ..................................................................... $992.000Liabilities and Shareholders1 2 EquityCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable .................................................................... $ 60,000 Interest payable......................................................................... 20,000 Unearned revenues .................................................................. 80,000 Taxes payable ........................................................................... 30,000 Note payable ............................................................................. 40,000 Current maturities of long-term debt ....................................... 20,000 Total current liabilities ...................................................... 250,000 Longterm liabilities:Notes payable .......................................................................... 140,000 Shareholders' equity:Common stock, no par value; 800,000 sharesauthorized; 400.000 shares issued and outstanding ............... 400,000Retained earnings .................................................................... 202,000 Total shareholders，equity ................................................ 602,000 Total liabilities and shareholders9 equity........................ $992,0001 Includes $30,000 in U.S. treasury bills.2 Excludes $60,000 in prepaid rent for the second year on the building lease.CASESJudgment Case 3-11Comparative income for the first year of operations resulting from the two alternative financing choices is illustrated below.DEBT Versus EQUITYComparative Income for Two Financing AlternativesIncome before interest and taxes Less: InterestIncome before taxes Less: Income taxes Net Income* 8%x $20,000,000.50% x Income before taxes ・ Return on investment (Net income = investment)We can see that Alternative 1 generated a higher net income. However, the return on shareholders ，investment is actually higher for Alternative 2.Alternative 2 generated a higher return for each dollar invested by shareholders. This was made possible because the corporation was able to generate income on borrowed funds at a higher rate than the cost of the debt. This represents financial leverage ・ However, alternative 2 also results in a riskier capital structure. The debt in Alternative 2 requires fixed payments of interest and principal to be made. TheAlternative 1 Alternative 2 $5,000,000$5,000,000(1,600,000)* 5,000,000 3,400,000 (2,500,000)** (1,700,000)** $2,500,000$1,700,000$2,500,000-50/ $1,700,000 =5.67%J /o$50,000,000$30,000,000company's income before interest and income taxes could drop to zero under Alternative 1 and the company would still be solvent (i.e., able to pay its debts). Under Alternative 2, however, if income before interest and taxes drops below the required interest payments of $ 1,600,000, the company could become insolvent and eventually go bankrupt.。

第三章账户与复式记账的运用一、计算题1、计算制造费用分配及产品成本资料：某公司生产A、B两种产品，制造费用按工人工资比例分配。

本月与产品成本有关的业务数据如下：①共发出材料45 000元，其中A产品直接领用20 000元，B产品直接领用16 000元，车间管理领用5 000元，公司行政领用4 000元；②应发工资共100 000元。

其中A产品工人40 000元，B产品工人20 000元，车间管理人员10 000元，行政人员30 000元；③固定资产折旧17 000元，其中车间负担7000元，行政负担10 000元；④本月水电费12 000元，车间负担5 000元，行政负担7 000元。

要求：根据资料，完成以下各项计算并列出计算过程①本月制造费用分配率；②A、B产品制造费用分配额；③A、B产品本月发生的生产费用。

参考答案：计算制造费用和产品本月成本（1）分配率：（5 000+10000+7 000+5 000）÷（40 000+20 000）=0.45（本组数据正确1分) （本组数据正确1分）（2）A产品分配额：40 000×0.45=18000（0.5分）B产品分配额：20 000×0.45=9000（0.5分）（3）A产品成本：20 000+40 000+18 000=78 000（1分）B产品成本：16 000+20 000+9000=45000（1分）2、计算产品入库成本及单位产品成本资料：某企业生产的A产品本月入库数量2000件。

该产品月初在产品15 000元（其中：直接材料成本10 000元，直接人工成本3 000元，制造费用2 000元），本月发生生产成本85 000元（领用材料56 000元，工人工资24 000元，分摊制造费用5 000元），月末无在产品。

要求：计算A产品本月已入库产品总成本、单位产品成本、单位产品的材料成本、单位产品的人工成本、单位产品的制造费用，并逐项列出计算过程；参考答案：入库产品总成本=15 000+85 000-0=100 000（1分）单位产品成本=100 000÷2 000件=50元/件（1分）单位产品材料成本=（10 000+56 000）÷2000件=33元/件（1分）单位产品人工成本=（3000+24000）÷2 000件=13.5元/件（1分）单位产品制造费用=（2 000+5 000）÷2 000件=3.5元/件（1分）3、假设本月发生A产品直接材料费5000元，直接人工10000元，B产品直接材料费6000元，直接人工5000元，A、B产品共发生制造费用1500元（按工人工资比例分摊）。

《会计学原理》模拟试题（F）及参考答案一、单项选择题(每题1分,共14分)1．下列经济业务引起资产与负债同时减少的是( C )。

A．生产车间计提折旧B．接受外商捐赠设备C．偿还前欠货款D．结转清理净损失2．会计对经济活动中使用的财产物资进行计量采用的主要方法是( A )。

A．货币计量B．劳动计量C．实物计量D．工时计量3．提取坏账准备符合以下( C )原则。

A．配比性原则B．重要性原则C．谨慎性原则D．真实性原则5．企业9月末资产总额100万元，lO月份收回应收账款20万元，用银行存款归还借款10万元，预付购货款5万元，10月末资产总额为( C )。

A．100万元B．95万元C．90万元D．115万元6．在权责发生制中，下列货款中应作为本期收入的是( A )。

本月销售产品货款存入银行B．收回上月多付给购货方预付款存入银行C．上月销售货款本月收存银行D．本月预收下月货款存入银行7．不应记入产品成本的费用是( C )。

A．直接材料B．直接人工C．管理费用D．制造费用8．在库存商品盘点时，如果发现盘盈应当( B )。

A．保持原账面记录不变B．增加原账面记录C．减少原账面记录D．查明情况后再调整账面记录9．记账凭证核算程序适用于( C )A．规模大、业务量大的单位B．规模小、业务量大的单位，C．规模小、业务量小的单位。

D．任何单位10．反映某一特定日期的财务状况的报表是( D )。

A．损益表B．现金流量表C．利润分配表 D.资产负债表11．记账后发现记账凭证和账簿记录的金额有错误，且所记的金额小于应记的正确金额，而记账凭证和账簿凭证所记的会计科目及记账方向并无错误，则正确的更正方法是( B )。

A．划线更正法B．补充登记法C．红字更正法D．刮擦法12．从银行中提取现金，一般应填制( B )。

A．收款凭证B．付款凭证C．转账凭证D．收款和付款凭证13．产成品明细账一般使用( B )。

A．三栏式B．数量金额式C．多栏式D．三种都可以14．下列凭证中，不能作为编制记账凭证的依据是( C )。