山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题升级训练卷一名词冠词代词数词和主谓一致

专题二名词、冠词、代词、数词和主谓一致(+完形填空+语篇填空)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018山东烟台二模)Like many athletic (activity),yoga comes with some risk.As (it) popularity has gradually risen,so has the number of yoga-related injuries.2.(2018四川乐山二模)They tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when in the presence of a smart phone to see how affected them.3.(2018广东深圳一模)Mulan’s characteristics,such as courage,kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune,made (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines.4.(2018四川乐山三模)The Moroccan diet is rich in fruits and vegetables.Throughout history,as each new culture moved to Morocco,they introduced (they) own tastes and styles into the country.5.(2018内蒙古赤峰4月模拟)Two of my (hero) have completed a bigproject.6.(2018安徽江淮十校4月联考)In Chinese culture,each year is related toChinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.7.(2018山东泰安二模) “My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said university student,adding that even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.8.They are called latchkey children,who look after (them) while their parents work.9.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐三模)An early use of the word “chickenfeed” appeared in 1930 in an American book about a rich man and son.“Chickenfeed” also has another interesting meaning.10.(2018湖南株洲二模)Temple fairs,originating along with the development of Buddhist and Taoist activities,(be) a kind of mass gatherings that integrate(融合) religious worship,entertainment and commerce.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018河北保定二模)They send letters to businesses,go to job interviews,and ask our friends and relations for help.2.(2018山东济南二模)Then we began to play with them.I drew picture with the older kids,and my classmates told stories to the younger ones.3.(2018河北唐山三模)Recite poems not only enriches my knowledges,but also makes my job less boring.4.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)That’s true.A friend of me,who often does the same thing,is beginning to feel bad too.5.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)Instead,we should work out to keep healthy,because anything is more important than health.6.(2018重庆三模) We met each other at junior high school.She was shortest in our class at that time.前面加the7.(2018河南洛阳三模) I know someday I’ll have a same feeling as this lovely man.8.(2018陕西西安八校联考) I know a teacher mood may influence his students,especially our attitudes towards study.9.(2018河南郑州三模) Some students cut potatoes into pieces,some dug hole,and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes,put the earth back and pushed them down hard.10.The situation is even worse in the least developed countries—only one in 10 people have regular access to the Internet.B级能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东泰安二模)These days,upcycling(升级改造) is popular with people.They 1 something unique from existing materials rather than buy more.My granny,Bobo has spent 92 years doing just that out of necessity.Wasting time and resources was 2 an option in the world she grew up in.With seven children to 3 ,she lived a hard and economical life.Bobo has been upcycling 4 the day Great-Granny Annie put a needle in her hand and taught her how to give new 5 to every fabric(织物)in their farmhouse.Just like Bobo,my mother,Cindy, 6 making her clothes.She 7 her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 8 at the can factory.One generation passed on to the next the 9 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand.Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter thebudget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 10 .From a baby blanket to abib(围嘴),each treasure 11 a special quality of personalization.In my home I am 12 by upcycling at its best.Thanks to Bobo’s 13 ways,the artistry of handwork lives on in four 14 of crafters.Granny Bobo lived it.Mom carried it on.I am picking it up by listening and15 .Now my daughter,Greta,is also learning to use those 16 .I sit and watch 17 as Bobo’s hands weave needle and thread.In 92 years,her hands have known and 18 life,home and family.Age has brought the 19 of some memories.But if you listen to her stories while she 20 ,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

第一部分语法知识专题一名词、代词、冠词和数词挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.从表格内容的分布来看,对名词的考查在近五年高考语篇型填空和短文改错中都得到了充分的体现,而对代词和冠词的考查在短文改错中每年都有所涉及,而数词考查频率较低。

另外,在语篇型填空中对冠词的考查不给出提示词。

2.在今后的高考中,名词的“数”和构词法、代词和冠词的基本用法仍将是考查重点。

3.在备考中结合具体语境,体会代词、冠词的常见用法,熟练掌握名词变复数的规则和常见的名词构词法是复习的关键。

破考点【网络清单】名词分类普通名词可数名词个体名词等集体名词等不可数名词物质名词等抽象名词等专有名词等单数名词变复数名词的常用规则名词所有格有生命的人或物的所有格表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、金额、国家或城市的名词的所有格名词所有格加-词尾的规则无生命的名词所有格双重所有格表示其中之一或其中一部分突出局部名词句法功能作主语作宾语作表语作定语作补语名词构词法构成名词的常见后缀详见本书“附录二”与名词构成的动词短语和介词短语详见本书“专题二”考点清单部分人称代词主格在句中作主语、表语宾格在句中作宾语、表语物主代词形容词性物主代词在名词前作定语名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”在句中作主语、宾语、表语反身代词形式用法宾语、表语、同位语含有反身代词的习惯用语亲自自动地独自享用独立地请坐。

玩得高兴。

指示代词作主语、宾语、表语、定语相互代词作宾语疑问代词和的区别用来询问职业用来询问身份的习惯用法代词不定代词替代词含复合不定代词的习惯用语等全部肯定全部否定部分否定的用法连接代词详见名词性从句关系代词详见定语从句冠词的泛指、特指不定冠词的用法不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的习惯用法定冠词的用法定冠词的基本用法定冠词的习惯用法零冠词的用法零冠词的基本用法零冠词的习惯用法冠词的活用抽象、物质名词的具体化惊奇一件意外的事成功一个件成功的人或事雨一场大雨具体名词的抽象化去一所学校去上学在桌旁在吃饭纯专有名词的普通化他是一个活雷锋。

备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）01 高频语法之名词（代词）、冠词、介词、数词与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一名词【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.3. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：1. crowds 2. introduction 3.effects 4. scientist【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略:1. 根据语境标志词判断名词(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。

2021年高考英语二轮复习第一部分微专题强化练一语法必备2名词与主谓一致一、单句填空1．(xx·安徽，30改编)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________(think) and then let me know.答案：thought thought作名词，意为“思考，考虑”。

句意：现在不需要给出你的答案，再三思考一下，然后再告诉我。

2．(xx·浙江，15改编)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress stress“压力”。

句意：最有效的减压方式之一就是和你信任的人说说你的感受。

3．(xx·湖北，21改编)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.答案：balance lose one's balance失去平衡。

句意：当他在追赶他哥哥时，男孩失去平衡，重重地摔了一跤。

4．(xx·湖北，22改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________(identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.答案：identity identity身份。

句意：当他去执行秘密任务时，他给自己起了一个新的名字来隐藏他的身份。

5．(xx·辽宁，70)．..I'll stop and take a deep ________.答案：breath take a deep breath“深呼吸”，是固定短语。

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校高考第二轮复习英语安徽版专题升级训练一名词、冠词、代词、数词和主谓一致Ⅰ.单项填空1．（2012·合肥最后一卷）Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of ______.A．source B．energyC．power D．material2．It is said that some people living in South Asia have a ______ for snakes，treating them as their friends.A．preference B．referenceC．pressure D．permission3．It is said that dogs will keep you ______ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A．safety B．companyC．house D．friend4．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.A．date B．shapeC．order D．balance5．（2012·宿州三模）Liu Mei，who likes travelling，brought back a few ______as a reminder after she toured Hawaii last month.A．presents B．snacksC．advertisements D．souvenirs6．（2012·河南商丘二模）—Thanks for the ______ you did me to move away the stone.—That's all right.A．favor B．goodC．trouble D．kindness7．（2012·济南中学三模）The expert did encourage the ______ of new medical treatments into his own country.A．attention B．introductionC．intention D．information8．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ______.A．fare B．chargeC．money D．pay9．（2012·合肥八中三模）He wrote ______ song，which turned out to be rather popular with ______ young.A．a；a B．a；theC．the；a D．the；the10．Hunger is ______ number one global health risk，so the WFP has organized a lot of programmes，which target people most at ______ risk.A．the；/ B．a；/C．the；the D．a；a11．（2012·安徽皖南八校4月联考）—It seems quite difficult to find ______ most satisfying life partner.—Well，you know，marriage is ______ lifelong business.A．a; B．a；aC．the; D．the；the12．（2012·安徽师大附中一模）LeBron James，______ NBA star，is one of ______ few basketball players who are very popular to many of his Chinese fans.A．an；the B．an；aC．the；the D．the；a13．（2012·六安一中月考）Since we have to change ______ trains in Changchun，let's take ______ fast one.A．the；/ B．the；theC．/；/ D．/；a14．（2012·东北四校一模）—How do you find the guy who took ______ office last week?—He's always finding ______ fault with others.A．/；a B．the；aC．/；/ D．the；/15．Dr.Peter Spence，______ headmaster of the school，told us，“______ fifth of pupils here go on to stu dy at Oxford and Cambridge.”A．不填；A B．不填；TheC．the；The D．a；A16．Failure is the mother of success；no one can always be ______ failure or ______ success.A．a；a B．/；aC．a；/ D．the；the17．The winning of hosting ______ 2014 Youth Olympic Games is ______ victory not only for Nanjing residents，but for ______ people of the whole Chinese nation.A．the；a；the B．a；the；aC．a；a；the D．the；the；a18．The manager believes prices will not rise by more than ______ four percent.A．any other B．the otherC．another D．other19．（2012·合肥一中冲刺高考最后一卷）I turned to bookshops and libraries seeking information about the book mentioned in this lecture but found ______.A．no one B．noneC．nothing D．anything20．Our neighbors gave ______ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A．us；it B．us；itselfC．ourselves；itself D．ourselves；it21．（2012·合肥八中一诊）Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ______ of their parents.A．those B．oneC．both D．that22．Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.A．something B．anythingC．everything D．nothing23．（2012·北京东城统一测练）Why don't you bring ______ to his attention that you're too ill to go on working?A．one B．itC．this D．that24．（2012·福州质检）Before“Wolf Father” promoted the book “That's why they go to Peking University”，no one would have imagined ______ starting such a heated discussion on parenting.A．they B．theirsC．he D．his25．（2012·石家庄一模）Laughter is the best medicine—at least when ______ comes to protecting your heart.A．that B．itC．one D．what26．Chinese drink ______ milk per person today as they did in 2000.A．twice more than B．more than twiceC．twice as much D．as much as twice27．______ an English­Chinese dictionary.A．The students each haveB．The students each hasC．Each the students hasD．Each of the students have28．Jack，as well as his friends who ______ football games，______ traveled with the team.A．likes；has B．likes；haveC．like；has D．like；have29．—Mike，what did our monitor say just now?—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who ______ to visit the museum ______ asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning.A．is；is B．are；areC．is；are D．are；is30．（2012·上海理工大学附属中学月考）The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one­third ______ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A．is B．areC．was D．wereⅡ.阅读理解（2012·湖南高考，A）What makes a gift special？Is it the price you see on the gift receipt？Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value？What gift is worth the most?This Christmas I was debating what to give my father.My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone thatI had lockeb.The message was from my father.My eyes fell on a photo ofa flower taken in Wyoming，and underneath a poem by William Blake.The flower，a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，inspired me.My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid.That may even be the reason why I love writing.I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.I called back.I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift.I sent the photo of the cream­colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it.As I was arranging the details another poemcame to mind.The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe；my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.The poem was focused around dreaming，and after searching I found the perfect picture.The image was painted with blues and greens and purples，twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream.As I watched both poems passing through the printer，the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood，I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.Christmas soon arrived.The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame，I knew I had given the perfect gift.1．The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was ______.A．doing shopping B．having a debateC．reading a message D．leaving for Wyoming2．The author's inspiration for the gift came from ______.A．a photo of a flowerB．a story about a kidC．a call from the motherD．a text about Christmas3．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by ______.A．the father B．the authorC．William Blake D．Edgar Allan Poe4．The author made the gift by ______.A．searching for the poems onlineB．drawing the background by handC．painting the letters in three colorsD．matching the words with pictures5．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To show how to design images for gifts.B．To suggest making gifts from one's heart.C．To explain how computers help create gifts.D．To describe the gifts the author has received.参考答案Ⅰ. 1. 答案：B解析：考查名词。

山东省2024届新高考英语二轮复习专项提升模拟试题第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A (重庆巴蜀中学2023适应考)Whether you are a national or an international student，we welcome you tUniversity.OurUniversity.Our reputation is built on providing high­quality education in both academic and vocational(职业的) subjects.As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face­to­face learning，we have recently introduced a range of distance learning courses.What do they cost?Costs for our courses vary considerably.Click on each department's homepage for more information.Scholarships and bursaries are available for certain courses，particularly for those in sciences and education.Sample courses overviewB．A．in English Language and LiteratureThe main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe，analyze and manipulate features of the English language，and to see how these are expressed in literature.As well as taking core modules which cover these areas，students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.Duration：three­year courseCourse：Choose 12 out of 20 modules.Weekly timetable：8 hours of lectures/4 hours of seminarsAssessment：essays, exams and an 8，000­word dissertation at the end of the third yearRequirements：academic experience and interest in the subject；good school­exam gradesDiploma in TeachingIn the first term，you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher.In the second term，you will also begin teaching in a school.The third term is completely practical.Duration：one­year courseCourse：Choose 6 out of 10 modules(three are compulsory)．Weekly timetable：6 hours of lectures/2 hours of seminars/6 hours of classroom teachingAssessment：combination of essays and classroom observationRequirement：first degree in specific subject area【语篇解读】　本文介绍了一所大学最近开设的在线课程。

专题二名词、冠词、代词、数词和主谓一致(+完形填空+语篇填空)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018山东烟台二模)Like many athletic (activity),yoga comes with some risk.As (it) popularity has gradually risen,so has the number of yoga-related injuries.答案activities;its2.(2018四川乐山二模)They tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when in the presence of a smart phone to see how affected them.答案it3.(2018广东深圳一模)Mulan’s characteristics,such as courage,kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune,made (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines.答案her4.(2018四川乐山三模)The Moroccan diet is rich in fruits and vegetables.Throughout history,as each new culture moved to Morocco,they introduced (they) own tastes and styles into the country.答案their5.(2018内蒙古赤峰4月模拟)Two of my (hero) have completed a bigproject.答案heroes6.(2018安徽江淮十校4月联考)In Chinese culture,each year is related toChinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.答案a7.(2018山东泰安二模) “My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said university student,adding that even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.答案a8.They are called latchkey children,who look after (them) while their parents work.答案themselves9.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐三模)An early use of the word “chickenfeed” appeared in 1930 in an American book about a rich man and son.“Chickenfeed” also has another interesting meaning.10.(2018湖南株洲二模)Temple fairs,originating along with the development of Buddhist and Taoist activities,(be) a kind of mass gatherings that integrate(融合) religious worship,entertainment and commerce.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018河北保定二模)They send letters to businesses,go to job interviews,and ask our friends and relations for help.2.(2018山东济南二模)Then we began to play with them.I drew picture with the older kids,and my classmates told stories to the younger ones.3.(2018河北唐山三模)Recite poems not only enriches my knowledges,but also makes my job less boring.4.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)That’s true.A friend of me,who often does the same thing,is beginning to feel bad too.5.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)Instead,we should work out to keep healthy,because anything is more important than health.6.(2018重庆三模) We met each other at junior high school.She was shortest in our class at that time.前面加the7.(2018河南洛阳三模) I know someday I’ll have a same feeling as this lovely man.8.(2018陕西西安八校联考) I know a teacher mood may influence his students,especially our attitudes towards study.答案teacher→teacher’s;our→their9.(2018河南郑州三模) Some students cut potatoes into pieces,some dug hole,and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes,put the earth back and pushed them down hard.答案hole→holes;them→it10.The situation is even worse in the least developed countries—only one in 10 people have regular access to the Internet.答案have→hasB级能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东泰安二模)These days,upcycling(升级改造) is popular with people.They 1 something unique from existing materials rather than buy more.My granny,Bobo has spent 92 years doing just that out of necessity.Wasting time and resources was 2 an option in the world she grew up in.With seven children to 3 ,she lived a hard and economical life.Bobo has been upcycling 4 the day Great-Granny Annie put a needle in her hand and taught her how to give new 5 to every fabric(织物)in their farmhouse.Just like Bobo,my mother,Cindy, 6 making her clothes.She 7 her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 8 at the can factory.One generation passed on to the next the 9 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand.Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter thebudget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 10 .From a baby blanket to abib(围嘴),each treasure 11 a special quality of personalization.In my home I am 12 by upcycling at its best.Thanks to Bobo’s 13 ways,the artistry of handwork lives on in four 14 of crafters.Granny Bobo lived it.Mom carried it on.I am picking it up by listening and15 .Now my daughter,Greta,is also learning to use those 16 .I sit and watch 17 as Bobo’s hands weave needle and thread.In 92 years,her hands have known and 18 life,home and family.Age has brought the 19 of some memories.But if you listen to her stories while she 20 ,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校名词 代词和冠词分层训练·知能双升高考回顾考点一 名词1．Poetry written from the ________(perspective) of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.答案：perspective2．Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________(barrier) between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily ，so the earth is becoming warmer.答案：barrier3．While she was in Paris ，she developed a ________(tasty) for fine art.答案：taste4．Whenever I made mistakes ，the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)．答案：patience5．With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culturecan take a ________(turning) for the better.答案：turn6．As the world's population continues to grow, the ________(supplier) of food becomes more and more of a concern.答案：supply7．The accident caused some ________(damage) to my car, but it's nothing serious.答案：damage 考点二 代词1．It's an either －or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.解析：句意：这是二者择其一的局面——我们要么今年买辆新车，要么去度假，但是不能二者兼顾。

第1讲名词和冠词[小题夯基练]单句语法填空1．But without sunlight and good soil，soon the leaves began to fall down and the ________ (branch)began to dry.解析：branches [由空前的the可知，此处应用名词形式，且依据常识可知，树上不止一根树枝，而branch是可数名词，故填branches。

]2．Now，Sanzhenzhai has approximately 100 ________ (outlet)across the country.解析：outlets [依据设空处前的数字100可推知空处需填名词复数形式。

]3．The little boy ate so many ________ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.解析：potatoes [potato前有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。

]4．Buckingham Palace is a great tourist ________ (attract)，drawing millions of visitors every year.解析：attraction [句意为：白金汉宫是一个闻名的旅游景点，每年都吸引上百万游客前去参观。

tourist attraction旅游景点，是固定短语。

]5．There are many students living at school；the ________ (child) houses are all far from school.解析：children's [由students可以推断出横线处应填复数，且作houses的定语，所以应用其全部格形式，故答案为children's。

]6．Trust us.It might make you ________ genius.解析：a [考查不定冠词。

高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练名词和主谓一致（含练习习题及解析）（一）分类（二）转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

名词考点聚焦名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。

综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。

此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。

因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。

①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too muchB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. a good many【解析】 答案为C 。

“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B 和D 两个选项。

根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。

”选择答案C 。

too much 意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。

②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.A. many ofB. masses ofC. the number ofD. a large amount of【解析】答案为B。

【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。

一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。

第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一) 名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。

短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。

解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。

如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1．填名词的单复数假设提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。

2．填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的〞，那么一般考查名词的所有格。

3．派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations invitation“邀请〞是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。

[典例2](2019·某某师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言〞。

[典例3](2017·某某卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.解析：months 考查名词的数。

高考英语二轮专项训练（二）代词、数词、it的用法、主谓一致1. For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unpleasant experience, ____that ends the campus romance.A．which B．/ C．or D．one2.—How much of his speech did you think you understand?—.I wish I had worked harder.A．Not a little B．Very fewC．Nearly everything D．Almost nothing3. The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and of the Japanese towards their prisoners, filled with horror.A．those; someone B．that; everyoneC．it; no one D．this; anyone4. ---What an amazing film! It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.----But I’m sure it won’t interest ______.A. somebodyB. anybodyC. everybodyD. nobody5. The customer didn’t choose of the ties and went away without looking at a third one .A．many B．any C．all D．either6. —How boring ! Is there the film ?—Well , it’s nearly over .A．much of B．many of C．much more of D．many more of7. Remember everybody you meet online is a stranger. So when you can’t see a person, they could be _________.A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody8. My friends, after they heard what had happened to me, _____ said it sounded like an adventure.A．all B．that C．which D．who9. —Is David a man with good manners ?—I don’t think so . As a matter of fact , he is but polite .A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything10.—Can I help you?—Yes, I’d like to try on some sports jackets just like ____ I’m wearing.A. itB. oneC. the oneD. that11. (2004年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)—Daddy, which of these smart hats do you like best in the hat shop?—_______. They are both expensive and less warm-keeping.A．Either B．Nothing C．Neither D．None 12．Students shouldn’t say “Get out” or ______ remarks.A. some suchB. such anyC. so suchD. any such13.—Is Jissica a diligent student ?—No , but she is a lazy one , if .A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing14. professional violinist practices for several hours a day ,but violinist has his own way of playing the Beethoven concert.A．Any; any B．All; any C．Each; every D．Every; each15. After the mew technique was introduced ,the factory produced in 2001 as the year before.A．as twice many machines B．twice many as machinesC．as many machines twice D．twice as many machines16. My uncle moved to London ______.A．in the fifties B．in the 1980s C．in his fifty D．in 1990s17. Have you got ____ books for the train journey? It will take you 20 hours to ____ in Harbin.A. large quantities of, getB. a great deal of, stayC. a good many of, liveD. a good supply of, arrive18. To my surprise, the game drew only a few ____ participants and spectators yesterday.A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundres ofD. hundreds of19. Janet as well as the other young people who ____ sent abroad by the government ____ brought up in a small town.A. was, wasB. was, wereC. were, wereD. were, was20. Nobody but the twins some interest in the project till now.A．shows B．show C．have shown D．has shown21. The government’s efforts to cut the homework burden of primary and middle school students _____ mixed reactions(反应).A．have drawn B．has drawn C．have been drawn D．has been drawn 22. When the injured to the hospital , they came to .A．was rushed , life B．were rushed , life C．rushed , lives D．were rushed , lives 23. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, a small redcap .A．each of them has B．they each have C．every wears D．each wearing24. —What about the books ?—Books of this kind well .A．sell B．sells C．are sold D．is sold25. —Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, ____to Japan?—Really? No wonder I haven't seen him these days.A. has beenB. has goneC. have beenD. have gone【答案解析】1. D从句式结构上可以排除A.B项，因为该句不是定语从句结构，用or句意不合适。

山东省新高考英语大二轮总复习第一板块语法填空专题二语法填空通关第4讲特殊句式和主谓一致对点集训[小题夯基练]单句语法填空1. They celebrate Christmas here，and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets，but ________ seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.解析：there [句意：他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。

考查there be句型，be动词可用lie，exist，seem，remain等替代。

]2．I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and ________ was my friend Mike.解析：so [根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。

] 3．Only then ________ we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.解析：did [句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。

我太害怕了以至于一动不动。

“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。

本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。

]4．One has reason to believe that China's anti­corruption over the past few years，tough ________ it is，has achieved inspiring progress.解析：as/though [句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版一、名词、冠词和主谓一致真题试做1．(2012山东高考，24)My first ______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.A．expression B．attentionC．satisfaction D．impression2．(2011山东高考，21) Take your time —it's just ______ short distance from here to ______ restaurant.A．不填；the B．a；theC．the；a D．不填；a3．(2011山东高考，34)There's a ______ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.A．tradition B．balanceC．concern D．relationship4．(2010山东高考，22)If we sit near ______ front of the bus，we'll have ______ better view.A．不填；the B．不填；aC．the; a D．the；the5．(2010山东高考，33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.A．relief B．safetyC．defense D．shelter6．(2009山东高考，25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______ rising steadily since 1990.A．is B．areC．has been D．have been考向分析1．名词不仅是中学英语的基本词汇，也是历年高考的“常客”。

2023届高三二轮复习联考（一）新高考卷英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

考试时间为100分钟，满分120分第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AVolunteering at Mount VernonOpen365days of the year,Mount Vernon is the most popular historic estate in America.The purpose of the volunteer program is to help protect the historic property.The program has been in existence for nearly30years and consists of about300active volunteers contributing their time and expertise in almost all of Mount Vernon's departments.Volunteers:Must be16years or older.Must contribute at least25hours per year to remain active.Volunteer ActivitiesGuest ServicesMount Vernon hosts a million-plus visitors.This would not be possible without the assistance of volunteers.Volunteers'duty is to interact with a wide range of visitors to assess their interests for their visit to Mount Vernon and welcome warmly each guest who comes through the estate's main gate.Qualifications:Good interpersonal skillsAbility to stand for up to four hoursCompletion of training related to the postSewing CircleThe sewing circle is ideal for people who enjoy making and restoring costuming for Mount Vernon's historic trades and historic character personnel.Volunteers'duty is to create and maintain authentic18th-century style hand-sewn costume accessories（配饰）.Qualifications:Sewing skillsK-12and Youth ProgramsVolunteers assist the Mount Vernon K-12anl Youth Learning Team with a variety of programs.Among them,Hands-on-History,which provides visitors aged3-10an opportunity to discover George Washington's Mount Vernon.Qualifications:Previous experience as a K-12educator is desirable.LibraryFred W.Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington opened in2013.The library is a resource for scholars,students,and all those interested in George Washington,colonial America,and the Revolutionary and founding eras.Volunteers provide coverage for a large number of support tasks and often provide that all-important first impression for visitors to the library.Qualifications:Good interpersonal skillsExperience in using Microsoft Office21.What is a volunteer required to do in the“Guest Services”？A.Reply visitors'complaints.B.Be friendly to visitors.C.Master basic computer skills.D.Stand for more than4hours.22.Who is more suitable to be a volunteer in the K-12and Youth Programs?A.A student over16years old.B.A graduate from an art college.C.A woman with sewing skills.D.A retired high school teacher.23.What do the four volunteer activities have in common?A.They aim for preserving Mount Vernon.B.They are the most popular with visitors.C.They have business training for volunteers.D.They have been in existence for30years.BKala has deep ties to her Hawaiian roots.Her ancestors navigated（航行）the oceans for centuries using their knowledge of the stars,the sun,the currents and the wind.It's not that she does it in a canoe without technology,but rather uses the natural technology around her.It's called Way finding,and was taught to her by her father.“My father was my foundation,my rock.”she says of her first voyage with him from Oahu to Lahaina in a traditional canoe.He taught her how to read the stars,the ocean swells and how to use them to hold the course.“Over200stars have specific names and purposes when you are Way finding.You have to look at each and determine if they are rising or setting.You know this star and the direction it represents.If you can do that，you can use it as a tool to orient（确定方向）."Kala added.Kala sailed the canoe in the ocean for up to three weeks.During the day,Kala used the sun until it hit a certain height.When she got closer to land,she looked for certain species of land birds and stationary clouds that indicated there was land below.The longer voyage required Kala to spend hours studying the day and the night skies.It was demanding physical work.But it also had its moments of awe.For Kala,the beauty was in tying together the past and the present to enjoy the moment.So when she was not sailing,she was teaching Way finding skills to school-aged children in hopes of preserving the skills her ancestors relied on.It's easy to get lost in the immediacy of the technology of our day,to be consumed by screens and miss the nature that unfolds around us.But if we will take the time to look up,to see the stars and the sun,the way the clouds move,the miracle of life beneath and above us,we will discover something deep inside us,something that will always lead to happiness.24.How does Kala navigate the ocean in a canoe?A.By observing the natural elements around.B.By following the course of ocean currents.C.By using hi-technology navigation devices.D.By recalling the first voyage with her father.25.What was special about the three-week canoe voyage for Kala?A.It was a heroic adventure.B.It inspired her to see the beauty of life.C.It was school children's favorite.D.It represented innovation and bravery.26.What does the author think can benefit us more?A.Enjoying the screens.B.Exploring the universe.C.Getting close to nature.D.Keeping the earth clean.27.What is the best title of the text?A.Finding Our WayB.Navigating the OceanC.The Wisdom from AncestorsD.An Unforgettable VoyageCThe robot watched as Shikhar Bahl opened there frigerator door.It recorded his movements, the swing of the door and more，analyzing this data and readying itself to imitate（模仿）what Bahl had done.It failed at first,missing the handle completely at times,grabbing it in the wrong spot or pulling it incorrectly.But after a few hours of practice,the robot succeeded and opened the door.“Imitation is a great way to learn,”said Bahl,a Ph.D.student at the Robotics Institute(RI)in Carnegie Mellon University.“Having robots actually learn from directly watching humans remains an unsolved problem in the field,but this work takes a significant step in enabling that ability." Bahl worked with Deepak Pathak and Abhinav Gupta,both faculty members in the RI,to develop a new learning method for robots called WHIRL,short for In-the-Wild Human Imitating Robot Learning.WHIRL is an efficient computation program for visual imitation.People constantly perform various tasks in their homes.With WHIRL,a robot can observe those tasks,gather the video data it needs and then go about practicing and learning to accomplish the tasks on its own. The team added a camera and their software to an off-the-shelf robot,and it learned how to do more than20tasks—from opening and closing appliances,cabinet doors and drawers to putting a lid on a pot,pushing in a chair and even taking a garbage bag out of the bin.Current method for teaching a robot a task typically relies on reinforcement（强化）learning. In reinforcement learning,the robot is typically trained on millions of examples in imitation and then asked to adapt that training to the real world.This learning model works well when teaching a robot a single task in a structured environment,but it is difficult to extend and deploy（调动）.WHIRL can learn from any video of a human doing a task.It is capable of being easily expanded,not limited to one specific task and can operate in realistic home environments.28.What does the author intend to show in paragraph1?A.The robot can't learn to do things by itself.B.It isn't easy for robots to learn housework.C.It is a big step for robots to enter the home.D.People are patient to teach robots to do housework.29.What is the aim of studying the WHIRL by the team?A.To make robots learn housework efficiently.B.To replace humans in housework with robots.C.To help people know about the life with robots.D.To teach a robot a single task in home environment.30.What does the author focus on in paragraph4?A.The process of developing WHIRL.B.The achievements of the research.C.The tasks the robot needs to complete.D.The advantages of the new method.31.How do the last two paragraphs develop?A.By making comparisons.B.By explaining causes and effects.C.By introducing learning methods.D.By summarizing the functions of WHIRL.DPoet Wadsworth Longfellow said“music is the universal language of mankind",and there's growing evidence that he was right.New research shows people with Alzheimer's（老年痴呆）disease often respond to familiar music or song lyrics,even when their memories and ability to participate in conversation may be flagging.Jonathan Graff-Radford,Doctor of Medicine,explains on The Mayo Clinic website why this may be:"Musical memories are often preserved in Alzheimer's patients because key brain areas linked to musical memory are relatively undamaged by the disease."When English senior Ted McDermott was diagnosed with Alzheimer in2016,his son Simon McDermott found Ted became verbally and physically violent as the disease progressed.Grateful for the resources provided by the Alzheimer's Society,Simon and80-year-old Ted made videos of their daily car duets（二重唱）for a fundraising''Singing for the Brain"program in2019.Truly remarkable,considering that some days Ted didn't recognize Simon.The songs brought them to the attention of the public.In just a few months their efforts had considerable success on YouTube,raising over&100,000,and resulting in a contract with Decca Records for80-year-old Ted.Although Ted has begun to decline a little in the last years,he always remembers the words to his favorite songs and is happy to go with Simon daily in the car to sing. Different music-related programs and projects are offered by the U.K.Alzheimer's Society organizations.These programs are designed for people with Alzheimer to provide mental stimulation in a supportive social environment.Social engagement and keeping your brain active,along with a healthy diet and exercising, may seem like obvious good habits to follow for your health in general.They've also been proven to be factors in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer.It's never too late to start taking care of your body and your brain—so make music appreciation or singing part of the routine of your loved one struggling with Alzheimer.As William Shakespeare said,"If music be the food of love,play on."32.What does the underlined word"flagging"mean in paragraph1?A.Getting worse.B.Doing well.C.Developing slowly.D.Changing quickly.33.Why is Dr.Johnathan's post on the Internet mentioned in paragraph2?A.To explain the cause of Alzheimer.B.To lead in the main topic of the text.C.To show the structure of the brain.D.To provide evidence for the research.34.How has the"Singing for the Brain"program benefited Ted?A.He has learned new life skills.B.He has recovered his memory.C.He has got enough fund for his disease.D.He has improved the quality of his later life.35.What is the text mainly about？A.80-year-old Ted defeats Alzheimer's disease.B.The power of music for Alzheimer's patients.C.Poets inspire Alzheimer's patients with music.D.A good habit to follow for your physical health.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

APersonal Time Off(PTO)is something my wife and I created after having kids．We learned that，over time，a full life can leave little time for personal rest and for reflection，hanging out with friends，or just being“off．”So，after a number of years，we make a change．If I can persuade you to take your own PTO，then these might help．■Schedule itFirst of all，one of our favorite family sayings is“schedule it．”Sounds easy enough，but life gets complicated managing full-time work and full-time family．Put your PTO time on the calendar and you make it a real thing．■Be flexible and strictIf you can schedule PTO at the same time each week，then all the better．Because our calendar can get rather full，flexibility in scheduling becomes a necessity．But being strict in actually taking the time each week is more important．Skipping it once makes it easier to skip again．■Take enough timeMy typical PTO lasts a couple of hours or longer．Sometimes it might be half the day depending on what I’m doing．The goal is to spend enough time away to 1et your shoulders drop．■Do what you want to doRemember，PTO time is about personal time to do what you want to do，not what you have to do．PTO time is about relaxation．Grab a friend and get a beer．Work can wait until tomorrow．1．What can be the first step to take the PTO?A．Persuade the family．B．Have a personal rest．C．Ask friends for advice．D．Make a time plan．2．What does the underlined part“let your shoulders drop”probably mean?A．Get you more focused．B．Have you feel relaxed．C．Shake your shoulders often．D．Make you feel more stressed．3．What does the text mainly talk about?A．Tips on how to take your time offB．Skills to manage work and familyC．Advice on how to free yourselfD．Ways of scheduling your workBWhere do you usually put your toothbrush? Do you keep it in the bathroom?How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye，experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr．Charles Oerba，a germ expert，is a microbiology professor at the University of Arizona．He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls，and every time you flush it without closing the lid，those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path．And a common victim is your poor toothbrush，usually，left out on the bathroom sink，right?So，what do we do?Dr．Gerba says it’s easy．Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’11 greatly cut down the germs，which will otherwise float in the air．And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it．You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it．And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet．Here’s one more tip from Dr．Gerba，who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet．“If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts，he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink．”He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E．coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it's wet and damp．Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink．To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero，you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize your sink with special chemicals．In fact，you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner．4．What is the purpose of the text?A．To show how to brush your teeth．B．To tell people the importance of health．C．To warn people of the invisible germs．D．To introduce a microbiology professor．5．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A．Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places．B．Bacteria are bad for people’s health．C．Why bacteria spread through the air．D．How bacteria spread in the bathroom．6．What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．The food．B．The toothbrush．C．The sink．D．The chemical．7．Why does Dr．Gerba mention the example of an alien?A．To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria．B．To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet．C．To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero．D．To prove E．coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain．CNextdoor，an online social network for neighbors，says it has attracted $60 million from early backers of technology giants，Google，Amazon and Facebook．The new investment，1ed by venture firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and investment firm Tiger Global Management，values Nextdoor at more than $500 million，said a person familiar with the matter．Nextdoor members make Facebook-style postings，giving or seeking recommendations for services such as babysitters and yard maintenance or local retailers and restaurants．They also post about community issues such as parking，crime and safety，or items for sale or loan．The investment sum emphasizes the appeal of businesses that can tap into the growing use of mobile devices，as well as social networking．Perhaps the best current example is Twitter，which is preparing for an initial public offering that values the company at up to about $11 billion．“We’re all spending more time with our screens，more engaged，but I think data shows we’re less connected，”said John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins，mentioning his own experience of knowing few of his neighbors．Nextdoor，with its ability to introduce neighbors to each other，helps people regain the sense of connection，he said．Early next year，Nextdoor plans to expand to Canada，followed by Great Britain，Australia，and South Africa，chief executive Nirav Tolia said．While Nextdoor has not yet have made any profit after two years of operations，Tolia said he is not worried．“If we look at the great companies at this stage，none of them started to monetize this early in their evolution．”Tolia said．“It’s all about getting the product right．”Eventually，Nextdoor plans to tap into local advertising，he said．Nextdoor is currently used in 22，527 neighborhoods across the United States，up from 5，694 a year ago．Including the latest funding round，it has raised just over $100 million．8．What attitude do the early backers of technology grant hold towards Nextdoor?A．They doubt its value．B．They think poorly of it．C．They are in favor of it．D．They are worried about it．9．What is mainly discussed about Nextdoor in Paragraph 3?A．Its members．B．Its service．D．Its value．D．Its location．10．What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Twitter in Paragraph 4?A．To support his viewpoint．B．To post an advertisement．C．To introduce a network．D．To make a public offer．11．How does Nirav Tolia feel about the future of Nextdoor? A．Curious．B．Upset．C．Cautious．D．Optimistic．DChimps(黑猩猩)use loud calls and gestures to make their feelings known but until now，the exactmeaning for individual movements has remained a mystery．Now researchers believe they have translated the key gestures used in the chimp community and identified their intentions for the first time．From 4，351 gestures，experts were able to identify 66 that are used for 19 specific message meanings，including showing a foot to tell a child they can climb on their back．The researchers were able to narrow down these 66 gestures to 36 that are used intentionally to achieve 15 purposes．The translations were made by Dr Catherine Hobaiter and her colleagues at St Andrews University in Scotland．Dr Hobaiter used behavior sampling and filmed all recorded cases of gestural communication．Other gestures include stomping their feet to ask another chimp to stop what they are doing，and slapping(拍打)objects together to ask another to follow them．Of the 19 meanings，17 encouraged interactions to start，or to develop，such as“move closer，”and“change play”．Some of the gestures were found to have more than one meaning．and only 10 of the 66 gestures were used for only a single meaning．Researchers collected a total of 471 video clips from two social groups of chimps at a shelter near Kinshasa，Democratic Republic of Congo．As well as identifying what the gesture means，they also discovered the technique needed to increase the chances of success．“Human children use gestures to communicate before they produce their first words，and their earliest gestures typically appear around 10 months of age，”explained the researchers．“In great apes，there is good evidence that language-trained individuals are capable of acquiring and understanding signals，but this is far less clear in their natural communication．”12．Chimps slap the objects to____________．A．tell others to stop what they are doingB．ask others chimps to join themC．gather other chimps to move closerD．encourage interactions to start13．What did researchers find after studying 471 video clips?A．Chimps trained in language are good at understanding signals．B．Two social groups of chimps live at a shelter near Kinshasa．C．Language-trained individuals do well in natural communication．D．Chimps’earliest gestures appear around 10 months of age．14．How is the last paragraph developed?A．By analyzing causes．B．By examining differences．C．By making comparisons．D．By following time order．15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．A New Research on ChimpsB．Human Children and ChimpsC．Getting the Chimps Trained for LanguageD．Translating the Sign Language of Chimps第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022年高考第二轮复习英语山东版一、名词、冠词和主谓一致真题试做1．2022山东高考，24M firt ______ of him wa that he wa a ind and thoughtfu oung manA．ef ort in thoe tough timeA．the；the B．a；aC．a；不填D．不填；a答案为B项。

句意：在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。

drin在此句中表泛指，指“一杯或一种饮料”；comfort作“安慰，舒适”讲时，为不可数名词，但在此用a comfort表示“一件令人安慰的事物”，comfort为可数名词。

故选B项。

考点三：名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain viage，tone houe；但man和woman作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。

如：a woman doctor，two women doctor。

【典例分析】 There are more ______ teacher than ______ teacher in our choo A．man；woman B．woman；menC．man；women D．men；women答案为D项。

名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也应用复数形式的men和women。

考点四：名词的所有格1．以“”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“'”。

如：the teacher' reading­room/ten minute' wa2．复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“'”。

如：Women' Da/the Chidren' and Bob' de 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子共有Tom' and Bob' de汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子不共有4．双重所有格。

1当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词，如a/two/ome/an/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。

2021届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第一部分基础语法演练课时1课标词汇1与名词冠词和主谓一致20211224168【课标词汇演练】Ⅰ.完成句子1．Two bullet trains __________ by Chinese engineers passed ________________ at 420 km/h on Friday, in an experiment ________ by China Railway Corporation that set a world record.在由中国铁路总公司实施的制造世界纪录的实验中，中国工程师设计的两列子弹头火车在周五以每小时420公里的速度以相反的方向从彼此旁边通过。

2．Owing to ________ performances at the world championships last year, China's swimming and track and field teams ________ win medals in multiple events, including men's 400m freestyle swimming, men's long jump and women's race walking, ________________ experienced foreign trainers.由于在去年的世界锦标赛上的突破性的表现，借助体会丰富的外国教练，中国游泳和田径项目团队的目标是在多个项目上赢得奖牌，包括男子400米自由式游泳，男子跳远和女子竞走。

3．______________________，the furniture shop confirms that the regular customers will gain 15 percent discount and have the chance to ________ the classical European­style furniture.为了提高服务标准，家具店确认常客将享受15%的折扣，还有机会观赏欧式古典家具。

解密02名词和主谓一致【命题解读】名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。

名词部分主要考查：①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配②名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）③名词的所有格④抽象名词的具体化⑤名词和冠词的搭配高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：①语法一致②意义一致③就近原则【命题预测】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。

主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。

【名师指导】1. 整体把握，注意语境从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查名词的相关知识。

做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。

通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。

3. 多记单词，积累词缀高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。

4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列成分时以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。

一、名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词二、名词的数1. 可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－s students，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－es glasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－es families，babies，armies，bodies 以元音字母＋y结尾加－s boys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－s beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－s radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos 考向1 名词的数【名师点睛】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。