职称英语(卫生类)新增文章译文及解析

2009年职称英语卫生类教材新增部分内容参考译文第四部分：阅读理解（六篇）第五篇呼吁今年7月4日安全国庆去年七月四日，彼德，一个l4岁的男孩正在他所住的街区欣赏照亮的天空和放烟花的巨响。

突然，可怕的事情发生在这个夜里。

一只爆竹射进他的眼里，他马上感到了剧痛。

他的家人急忙把他送人急诊室治疗。

由于这次受伤，彼德患上了青光眼和自内障。

今天，彼德那只伤眼已经由于那次爆竹的伤害而永久失明了。

六月是烟火与眼睛安全意识月，美国眼科学会想通过自己的亮眼运动提醒消费者让专业人员去放烟火。

“没有什么比7月4日欢度国庆因某人被爆竹炸伤眼睛而遭到破坏更糟糕的了，”约翰·C·哈根医生(学会的临床通讯员兼肯萨斯城的探索视力中心的一名眼科学家)，说道：“安全的庆祝活动就是让专业人员放烟火，而你作观赏者。

”根据美国消费者产品安全委员会的统计，每年由烟花爆竹导致的伤害事故超过9，000起。

其中，将近一半都是头部受伤，而头部受伤者中约30％是眼伤。

四分之一的烟火眼伤导致了永久性失明。

儿童是烟火燃放不慎最普遍的受害者。

在美国50％的烟火眼伤患者都是l5岁及l5岁以下的孩子。

哈根医生估算他每年在临床实践上能遇到三十多起由烟花炮竹引起的伤害。

即使是那些人们认为安全的烟花对眼睛也是一种威胁。

对于五岁以下的儿童，看起来无害的烟火棒导致的伤害占所有烟火伤害的三分之一。

事实上烟火棒燃烧的温度能接近华氏2000度。

第九篇美国将在一月启动一项耗资三十二亿美元的儿童健康研究项目美国卫生部门官员在星期五称：美国将在一月份启动一项耗资三十二亿美元的研究项目，此项目将对十万名美国儿童的健康状况进行跟踪研究，研究对象的年龄从出生前一直到二十一岁，这项研究预计将持续二十余年。

来自美国国立卫生研究院的官员称：他们希望此项将在全国范围内的一百零五个地点展开的研究，将有助于识J型IJL童早期生活对El后发展的影响，其目标是研究出新的治疗和防止疾病的方法。

阅读理解第一篇Who Want to Live Forever? （谁想永生？）If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?如果你的医生能给你一种药，这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间，你会服用吗?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。

科学家已经在实验中延长了苍蝇、蠕虫和老鼠的寿命。

许多人认为，采用基因疗法，我们很快就能将人类的寿命延长到至少140年。

这看似一个好主意。

想想我们将会延长多少时间来追逐我们的梦想、与爱人厮守、看看我们的孩子成长并组成他们自己的家庭。

"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."加州大学公共健康学院的格里戈里嘶托克博士认为：“长寿能使我们有机会改正错误，亦能促使人从长计划。

职称英语考试卫生类完型填空课文译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。

大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。

但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。

两百万人因此丧命。

结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。

目前的治疗至少需要六个月。

患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。

许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。

公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。

现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。

这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。

Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。

研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。

他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。

科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。

这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。

世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。

卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。

今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。

这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。

现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。

全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。

Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ______1______. Two million people die ______2______ it. The disease has ______3______ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to ______4______ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ______5______ they feel better. Doing that can _______6______ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how _______7______it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients _______8_____. It would also mean ______9______infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They ______10______the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ______11______about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ______12_____would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization ______13______the DOTS3program in nineteen ninety.DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ______14______they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ______15______new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.1. A) kidneys B) lungs C) bones D) livers2. A) with B) without C) of D) out of3. A) increased B) decreased C) changed D) disappeared4. A) make B) take C) try D) test5. A) as if B) as though C) as far as D) as soon as6. A) refer B) apply C) lead D) amount7. A) effective B) ineffective C) expensive D) inexpensive8. A) cured B) to cure C) being cured D) having been cured9. A) many B) more C) few D) fewer10. A) provided B) introduced C) tested D) tempted11. A) bring about B) contributed to C) promote D) prevent12. A) increases B) reductions C) creations D) collections13. A) developed B) invented C) delayed D) refused14. A) easy B) uneasy C) sure D) unsure15. A) with B) to C) onto D) into2.8名纽约学生感染甲型N1 H1流感疾病预防控制中心已经证实来自纽约一所预备学校的八名学生感染甲型N1HI流感，纽约市长迈克尔．布隆伯格周日称。

xx职称英语教材新增文章详解xx年时间已经公布，距离现在还有20天时间。

今年的职称英语考试新增了文章，也出现了一个很有趣的现象，理工卫生综合的新增文章都是补全短文，都是新增了5篇文章，而且内容也一样。

了“Common Questions about Dreams”这篇补全短文，这是综合C,理工C以及卫生C的新增文章，供大家学习。

Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep ours every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. 2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring itback2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the d etails of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they e from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will bee clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)motive /m?utiv/n. 动机stuffed /st?ft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。

2012年职称英语卫生类阅读和完型新增文章(含练习解析D2012年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目第十九篇Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.词汇：culturesA it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.B infants could be left dead in times of starvation.C parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.D death was considered to be freedom from hardships.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A Many of them have a very hard life.B They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers toA the need to prolong the lives of old people.B the need to enrich the life of the retired people.C the need to build profit-making nursing homes.D the need to take care of a sick and weak person.5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?A Sympathetic.B Unfriendly.C Optimistic.D Critical.答案与题解:1. C 第一段最后一句说：In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. 事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导数了人口爆炸。

2010年职称英语考试（卫生类）阅读理解新增文章-书中第5篇第五篇U.S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt of no more than 1,500 mg per day2, yet most consume closer to 3,500 nig per day."It's important to eat people to eat less salt. People who adopt a hearthealthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure," Dr. Darwin labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake," Labarthe said.The study in CDC's report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-- which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005-2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from package, processed and restaurant foods.The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said.词汇Sodium n. 钠calcium n. 钙Potassium n. 钾intake n. 纳入量注释1. More than twice the recommended amount: 比推荐量的两倍还多2, They found nearly 70 percent of U.S. adults are in high-risk groups thatwould benefit from lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day: 他们发现将近百分之七十的美国成年人属于高危人群，如果他们的日食盐量降至1500 毫克，则会从中受益。

卫生B补全短文新增文章*第七篇 Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problemsAccording to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks 。

职称英语卫生类考试的阅读理解及原文参考as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruitand vegetable juices are as effective as their wholefruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factorsrelated to certain diseases. The conclusion is the resultof the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables.Juices are parable in their ability to reduce riskpared to2 their whole fruit/ vegetable counterparts,aording to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer e not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4When considering cancer and coronary heart diseases prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juice sare less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables, the researchers said. The researchers addedthat the positioning of juices as being nutritionallyinferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is unjustified and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined.。

2012年职称英语卫生类A级新增文章-阅读理解(含练习解析及译文)Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow—salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciencesl food scientist．The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat．Those conclusions are important because recent，well—publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 0n the study．Diets high in salt Can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke．That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat．This study increasesunderstanding of salt preference and consumption．The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5．Test subjects were 45：men and 42 women, reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 t0 40 years．The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes．They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind．“Most of us like the taste of salt．However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,”said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, andbitter．”he said．“Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertastin7 is not limited to bitterness．词汇：Publicize v．引起公众对…的注意；(用广告)宣传Dietary adj．饮食的；规定食物的Ferment v．(使)发酵Geneticist n．遗传学家Acuity n．敏锐；尖锐注释：1．Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University--College of Agricultural Sciences宾州州立大学农学院。

2011年职称英语阅读理解新增文章译文---卫生类厨房油烟可致癌卫C医学专家们经过5年的研究调研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸烟，而女性患此绝症的罪魁祸首是厨房油烟。

医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出分析。

他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性。

据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。

肺癌成为继乳腺癌之后的第二大高发病率肿瘤。

上海民生中医肿瘤诊疗中心何裕民医生指出：“不健康的生活习惯是致癌的一个重要原因。

”他对2,276名肺癌患者进行了长达5年的追踪调研。

这些患者中有1,483名师男性。

报告显示，案例中男性患者中70%是由吸烟诱发癌症的，而直邮18%的女性患者是由于吸烟或被迫吸入二手烟才诱发癌症的。

然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。

大约32%的女性在滚开的油里煎炸食物而厨房却密不透风。

而大约25%的女性居住的卧室紧邻厨房。

但是，妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。

其中一些人表示要改变准备饮食的方式。

“我每天都得下厨做饭，除非我和家人都不在家用餐”，李旭，一名45岁的妇女说，“我知道油烟对皮肤不好，但是还是第一次听说油烟竟能致癌、我以后要少煎炸食物。

”医生们认为，女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但和肿瘤家族病史、不健康的饮食习惯和脆弱的免疫系统联系紧密。

其它专家同意何医生的意见。

“吸烟已经成为诱发男性肺癌最最大的因素，”上海复旦大学医学院呼吸道疾病研究所名誉主席谭彬用指出，“二手烟和厨房油烟的确是诱发女性肺癌的主要原因。

”他的研究同时也警告人们不要站在卖油炸食品的摊点旁，因为他们使用的油都是劣质的。

专家称，如果长时间接受油烟，患肺癌的几率有常人的3倍那么高。

老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗卫B 哥本哈根的《贝林时报》周一刊登了一则最新医疗研究结果称，大多数II型老年糖尿病患者只要每周坚持三次轻快的体育锻炼，每次30分钟，都可以不用注射胰岛素。