汉语四字格短语英文翻译
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Teaching Plan for Translation◇Title of Lesson: Translation of Chinese four-character phrase Week◇Time Needed:four periods(45 minutes per period)◇Teaching Objectives:1. Help the students to understand the principles of Chinese four-character phrase translation2. Help students to translate Chinese four-character phrase◇Key Teaching Points:1. Structure change of Chinese four-character phrase into English2. The translation of Chinese four-character phrase◇Difficult Teaching Points:How to translate Chinese four-character phrase correctly◇Teaching Contents:I.汉语四字词的英译处理汉语四字词结构匀称对仗、读起来音韵和美,表达言简意赅,极富美感。
文采华丽,语气连贯,具有极强的修辞效果。
英语却是一种非常理性的语言,最重清楚明白,最忌讳逻辑混乱与文字堆砌。
所以汉语中对仗工整、抑扬顿挫的排比结构在英语中多半变得长短不一,参差不齐。
并列关系的四字排比结构通常转化为下列结构:形容词+名词1.省去该句!按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求,加强宣传和文化事业的基本建设。
Capital construction of publicity and cultural undertakings will be strengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution, an optimized structure and priority order.2.大峡湾的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。
(一)并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences(二)语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits打黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law(三)目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency) 退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one(四)途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business(五)偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption 以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented(六)动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses(七)条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression(八)省略意象瞻前顾后overcautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literatur。
美学视角下英汉翻译中四字格的运用
四字格是指由四个字组成的词语或句子,这种短小精悍的表达方式在英汉翻译中常被运用。
从美学角度讲,四字格表达简洁,语言平衡,节奏感强,容易产生韵律美和节奏感。
英汉翻译中,四字格常用于诗歌、歇后语、谚语、警语和广告语等文体中。
比如:
1. 英文四字格:Time is money.(时间就是金钱。
)
汉语四字格:时间就是金钱。
2. 英文四字格:all is fair in love and war.(爱情与战争没有规矩。
)
汉语四字格:爱情战争,无规矩。
3. 英文四字格:Easier said than done.(说起来容易做起来难。
)
汉语四字格:言之易,行之难。
4. 英文四字格:Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.(情人眼里
出西施。
)
汉语四字格:情人眼里出西施。
以上几个例子都是采用四字格表达的英汉翻译,能够更好地保留源语言特点,传达出源语言的韵味和节奏感。
因此,四字格的使用在英汉翻译中很常见。
宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼pailou;pai-loo武术wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)功夫kungfu ;kung fu中庸the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife五常:仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文eight-legged essays多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one's old ageThe 24 Solar Terms:立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分Vernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great cold戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera 生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations; ventriloquisim说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt踩高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神化人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’e (the Chinese moon godd ess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)女娲Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe)神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu (the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba; sarira stupa (a pagoda for Buddhist relics)舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s or saints’ body 喇嘛塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik麦秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquerware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-coloured pottery陶器pottery; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻sealcutting中国特色词汇及其英译作者:未知文章来源:转载点击数:1300 时间:2010-12-29 18:33:50一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开始就发挥着强大的交流作用,同时也开始了在中国发展的过程。
汉语中四字格词语的翻译作者:左宝霞来源:《中国校外教育·理论》2007年第09期[摘要]要想使译文文情并茂,译者不应在原作前无所作为,也不能甩开原作随意挥洒,而是在两种语言交汇的有限空间里自由驰骋。
四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点,如果我们能在翻译中恰如其分地译出四字格词语,那么就能在忠实原文的基础上,大大增加译文的流畅程度。
[关键词]四字格词语词语特点翻译方法一、汉语中四字格词语的特点四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点。
它一般是由分成前后两个部分的四个语素构成。
从语法关系看,词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系。
从结构上看,四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。
自由词组是临时组成的,可以随意拆散,重新组合,例如:“品种齐全”,“做工精细” 等。
而固定词组是一个整体,四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。
而且,一些意义特殊、流传久远的四字格词语也被称为成语,如:“死里逃生”“沧海一粟”等。
汉语四字格词语的突出特点就是:内容言简意赅,形式整齐划一,语音顺口悦耳,表达效果形象生动。
如果我们能在翻译实践中恰当使用并能恰如其分地译出这些四字格词语,那么就能在忠实原文的基础上,大大增加译文流畅程度,从而给读者留下更深刻的印象。
二、汉语四字格词语的英语翻译汉语四字格的英语翻译方法多种多样:可以将其译成单词、词组、或套用习语,也可以采用综合法进行翻译。
具体应该采用那种方法才合适,应该根据不同的情况选择合适的译法,使译文和原文在意义上形成一种动态对应关系,而不仅仅拘泥于形式上的简单对等。
如下面一系列例子及其相应翻译方法:1. 这是我们的企业走向繁荣昌盛的唯一道路。
This is the only road leading to the prosperity of our enterprise.本句中的四字格“繁荣昌盛”属于并列词组,前后两部分意思相同,译成一个英语单词prosperity 即可。
2. 我们的产品品种齐全、款式繁多。
第三章汉语四字格的翻译Someda y.有朝一日bargai n .讨价还价hate to see sb. go .恋恋不舍sweetin comple te rangeof articl es .品种齐全with variou s patterns . 款式繁多fine workma nship . 工艺精湛specia l econom i c zone . 经济特区retail price .零售价格No Parkin g . 禁止停车Staff Only . 闲人莫入房屋出租. For Rent失物招领.Lost and foundKeep In Dark Place . 避光保存一,解释:汉语中四字结构的翻译在很多时候,令人非常的头疼棘手,很多国人,要么会误认为这些都属于成语,要么总想在英语中找一个形式与之对应的翻译来处理,其实不然,汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意。
我们在很多情况下可以将四字格前后两个词语分开来处理,首先判断该结构属于什么词类,然后再分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系,用相应的单词或者表达处理即可。
请看下面的例子:(一)并列关系:这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。
青山绿水greenhillsand clear waters集思广益draw on collective wi sdom and absorb all useful ideas求同存异seek common ground whileshelvi ng differences(二)语意重复:这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了。
短语翻译(并列关系、偏正关系、主谓关系)国贸2010181班第9组短语也称词组,是担任各种句子成分的基本单位。
句子不是词的序列,而是短语的序列,因为构成句子的元件是短语,而词是构成短语的元件。
在英语传统语法里,词法讲的是词的构成与分类,句法讲的是句子的成分以及分类,很少讲短语,有的甚至不讲短语。
结构主义语法把语言单位分成语素、词、短语、分句、句子五级,这样才给短语以足够的重视。
英语中把语言单位分为五级,由于有形式形态标记,各级之间的界限是比较清楚的。
但复合词和短语两者之间也会界限不清,于是就给出一些形式规定加以区分。
比如看分写还是合写(如cowboy是词,woman doctor是短语),中间有无连字符(如boy-student是词,boy student是短语)等等。
但汉语的复合词与短语都没有形式标示,只能按语义来区分。
在汉语语法的著作里,区分词和短语主要讲到两点:结构上的凝固性和语义上的融合性。
结构上的凝固性是指不能往中间加入其他语言成分的为词,能加的为短语;意义上的融合性是指词的整体意义不等于各组成语素意义的简单相加,否则就是短语。
如“骨肉”并不是“骨头和肉”,而是“子女”,所以“骨肉”是复合词而不是词组。
在汉英翻译中首先要辨别清楚是词还是短语,然后才能按词的意义或短语的意义译成英语。
按照短语造句的能力,即在句子中的功能,主要可分为名词性短语、动词性短语、形容词性短语。
这是汉英语共同的。
汉语除了这三个短语外,还可以分出方位词短语、介词短语、“的”字短语、量词短语。
英语除了这三个基本短语外,还可以分出副词短语和介词短语。
如果从短语的构成成分之间的语法关系着眼,汉语则可能有主谓、动宾、联合、偏正、正补五种构成方式。
而英语由于有形式形态标示,其主谓、动宾、偏正(即修饰与被修饰)、正补(宾补和动状)、联合(并列)大都可由形态形式标示,基本上一目了然,所以不再讲究其内部成分之间的结构关系。
如动词性短语:to make a monkey of 愚弄(动宾)to bury one’s head in the sand 采取鸵鸟政策(动宾状) to hang by a hair 千钧一发(动状)to call a spade a spade 钉是钉,铆是铆(动宾补)名词性短语:trojan horse 特洛伊木马形容词短语:last but not least 最后但不是最不重要副词性短语:in the seventh heaven (在)极乐世界从以上情况可以看出,英语短语进入句子具备何种功能,做什么句子成分,也即具备何种词类的性质,都由其构成的形式标示,而汉语短语没有形式标示,主要靠其意义组合而显示其动词性、名词性或形容词性。
【导语】汉语博⼤精深,往往⼏个字,⼀个词就能表达⽆穷的意境,但如果在翻译题中遇到了这些词汇,我们该如何翻译呢?今天就为⼤家总结了⾼中英语翻译题中经常出现的四字格汉语词汇的翻译,这些词如果⽤在作⽂中也会让阅卷⽼师眼前⼀亮,⼤家⼀定要好好学习哦~1. 挨家挨户from door to door例题:医⽣挨家挨户上门巡访,省去了许多⽼年⼈去医院的⿇烦.(save)Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.2. 爱不释⼿can’t bear standing part with/putting it down /leaving it aside例题:这部有关第⼀次世界⼤战的历史⼩说引⼈⼊胜,我简直爱不释⼿。
(so…that)The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back ,aside )/ leaving it aside .3. 安于现状be satisfied with reality/ present situation例题:我们⾼中⽣应该有远⼤的志向,不应该只满⾜于现状。
(satisfy)We senior high students should have great ambition and (should) not be satisfied with reality/present situation.4. 摆脱烦恼get rid of/ to be free from worries例题:得知他⼼情不好,我建议他与朋友聊聊天,以去除烦恼。
(一)并列关系
名山大川famous mountains and great rivers
名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites
湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills
青山绿水green hills and clear waters
奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations
平等互利equality and mutual benefit
扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses
反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government
简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization
集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas
国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony
政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well
国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood
辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud
流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home
国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation
开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences
(二)语意重复
广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory
高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision
贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions
层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another
优胜劣汰survival of the fittest
延年益寿prolong one’s life
灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure
长治久安a long period of stability
求真务实pragmatic
审时度势size up the trend of events
招商引资attract investment
誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned
功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations
继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future
路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell.
吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat
车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits
大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography
德高望重of high ability and integrity
互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial
互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation
遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law
(三)目的关系
减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)
退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures
集资办学raise money to set up new schools
结党营私form cliques for private gain
扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
(四)途径方式
寓教于乐teach through lively activities
因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
按劳分配distribution according to performance
以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business
(五)偏正词组
廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties
环境绿化environmental greening
超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption
以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak
以人为本people foremost; People-oriented
(六)动宾关系
优势互补complement each other’s advantages
自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility f or one’s own profits and losses
(七)条件关系
不进则退no progress simply means regression
(八)省略意象
瞻前顾后overcautions and indecisive
源远流长have a long history
呕心沥血spare no efforts
画龙点睛bring out the crucial point
花天酒地go on the loose
汗马功劳exploits
闻名遐迩famous
独具匠心original
中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone
鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey
世外桃源a haven of peace
浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。