广东省中山市重点高中高考英语语法专题演练情态动词和虚拟语气01

语法专项(五) 情态动词与虚拟语气一、情态动词考点一can和could的用法1．表示惊讶，经常使用在否定句和疑问句中。

How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？2．表示可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。

can和could没有时态的不同，只是could不太确信。

Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑可能会对健康有害。

Accidents can/could h appen on such rainy days.如此的多雨天气可能会发生交通事故。

(客观的可能性)3．can用于否定句，意为“应该不是，不可能”。

I think it's all right. She can't make a mistake.我想应该没事，她不可能犯错误。

The story can't be true.那个故事不可能是真的。

4．cannot...too/enough表示“不管……也只是分”；“越……越好”。

You can't be too careful while driving.开车时越警惕越好。

You cannot remember enough English words.你记的英语单词越多越好。

5．cannot but＋do sth.表示“不能不，只好”。

I couldn't but choose to go.我只好去。

[考题印证1](2021·安徽改编)It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.不可能是辞汇致使了你练习中的问题，因为你明白很多的词。

解析：此题考查强调句和情态动词。

依照后半句“because you know a lot of words”，可知此处要用否定词，couldn't“不可能”。

专题3情态动词和虚拟语气Ⅰ.单句语法填空Mum：Are they there? Oh，my goodness.I must have put them in there when the phone rang.(2014·新课标全国样卷) 解析动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。

根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must have done形式。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.(2016·浙江)解析根据语境知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用would do表示“过去常常做”。

would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本来会做”。

2.Some classmates suggest we can 或canshould go to places of interest nearby.(2016·全国Ⅱ)解析suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法。

3.We must foundfind ways to protect our environment.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析情态动词后面要接动词原形。

4.If youarewere me，would you talk to them？(2015·四川)解析该句为if虚拟条件句，表示与现在情况相反的假设，条件句中动词要用过去式(be动词用were)，所以要把are改为were。

◆情态动词的核心考点1.can/could和be able to的用法(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。

考点13 情态动词和虚拟语气【命题解读】英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。

在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意＂情态动词+完成式＂是高考中的重点所在。

对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。

【命题预测】情态动词是2021年各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。

新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。

考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。

试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。

情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。

【复习建议】情态动词：1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法；2. 掌握情态动词表达＂情感、态度、语气等＂方面的用法。

虚拟语气：1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法；情态动词考向一情态动词的基本用法1）can，could与be able to1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。

☞Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。

☞If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem.如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。

☞I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous.我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。

高中英语语法专项练习语法专题十二情态动词与虚拟语气（单句填空+单句改错+语篇填空）第一部分：单句填空1.It is cold in the room. They __________ (turn) off the heating.2.My mom suggests that we ____________ (eat) out for a change this weekend.3.If there ___________ (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.4.When I lived at home, I_________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.5. His room is dark. He _________(go) to bed.6. It is high time we ________(go) home.7.---- “I think Helen is at home.”----“No, she ____ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.”8.My sister advised me that I ________ (accept) the invitation.9.She wishes she _________ (go)to the theater last night.10.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I __________ (dance) as well as her.11.The flower is dead. I___________ ( give) it more water.12.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ____________ (drink) too much at the party last night.13.Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.14.It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats untilall the papers have been collected.15. You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to alady.16. —Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — I _______.17. I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning. She__________ (speak) at the meeting。

情态动词和虚拟语气专题演练二1．John agreed to the suggestion that his students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A．give B．should giveC．be given D．would be given[解析]suggestion, advice 等后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

should do 或 should be done, 其中 should 可以省略，his students 与 give 之间为被动关系，故C项正确。

[答案]C2．You ________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. can'tB. shouldC. mustD. needn't[解析]本题考查情态动词的特殊用法。

句意：你一定要特别注意你的阅读技巧，因为它是如此重要。

can't...too... 为固定句式，意为“再……也不为过；一定要……”，故A项正确。

[答案]A3．________ everyone have a great Spring Festival!A. CanB. MustC. MayD. Should[解析]本题考查情态动词的特殊用法。

句意：愿大家春节快乐！情态动词 may 可以表祝愿，用于倒装句中，故C项正确。

[答案]C4． Naturally, when I tell her what to do, my daughter ________ go and do the opposite!A. mayB. canC. mustD. should[解析]此处主要考查情态动词 must 的特殊意思“非要，非得，偏要，偏偏”，表示与说话人愿望相反。

句意：通常，我告诉女儿做什么时，女儿非得做相反的事。

高中英语语法总结：情态动词和虚拟语气考向1 情态动词一、 can, could与be able to1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。

☞Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）☞Mary can speak three languages.（知识）☞Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。

can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。

☞I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示＂经过努力才得以做成功某事＂时应用be able to，不能用can。

如：☞He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2. 表示请求和允许。

☞—Can I go now?—Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。

在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。

☞—Could I come to see you tomorrow?—Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not.)3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。

☞They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

☞Can this be true?☞This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?二、 may, might1. 表示请求和允许。

might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。

情态动词重点难点解析情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。

注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。

二“情态动词+进行式”和“情态动词+完成式”用法一览表填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。

1. I should have been there, but I ____________ find the time.2. Helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.3. Tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!4. You can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.5. It has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all thepapers have been collected.6. ---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.---She ____________. I’ve already borrowed one.7. John, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?8. ---__________ this book be yours?---No, it ____________ not be mine. It ___________ be his.9.As a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.10.__________ he to clean the classroom after school?11.You ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?12.---What’s the name?---Khulaifi. __________ I spell that for you?13.You _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?14.You _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.15.They _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented fromcoming for some reason.16.______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!17.He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________________ (not tell) it to him.虚拟语气重点难点解析虚拟语气的高考命题导向：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

情态动词和虚拟语气专题演练一1．They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should[解析]句意：他们本应该午餐时间到达，可是他们的飞机晚点了。

can 用在疑问句和否定句中，意为：可能；must have done 表示推测，意为：一定做过；should have done 表示(过去)本应该做而没做。

根据句意可知答案为D项。

[答案]D2．If you ________ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may[解析]句意：如果你非要抽烟，请到外面去。

must 用于条件句，表示“非要，偏要”。

其他三项均不符合语境。

[答案]C3．I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come[解析]句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，否则，我就会早点来了。

根据 but 后面内容可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式：would/should/could/might have done。

故答案为D项。

[答案]D4．It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. won'tD. needn't[解析]句意：门外不可能是邮递员。

现在才六点。

A：不可以，禁止；B：不可能；C：不愿意；D：不必。

根据句意可知答案为B项。

[答案]B5． I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldn't have goneB. didn't goC. wouldn't goD. hadn't gone[解析]句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。