新托福学术词汇
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mathematics数学,biology生物(biography人物传记),physics物理,chemistry化学,biochemistry生物化学,geology 地质,geography地理,astronomy天文学,oceanography海洋学,meteorology气象学,seismology地震学,environmental science环境科学,ecology生态学,electronics电子学,electronic engineering电子工程学,computer science 计算机科学,archaeology考古学,psychology心理学,linguistics语言学,introduction to literature文学入门,history历史,anthropology 人类学,economics 经济学,statistics统计学,aesthetics美学,demography人口学,politics 政治学,philosophy 哲学,aesthetics 美学,sociology社会学1. 人:学术型的新托福阅读中最常出现的就是各种科学家,以ist和er结尾居多。
例如:anthropologist,archaeologist,paleontologist,zoologist,geographer,astronomer(人类学家,考古学家,古生物学家,动物学家,地理学家,天文学家)这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写,只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。
在面对未知的专有名词时,至少要判断他们存在于那个学科,才好进行下一步的推理。
2. 地质、地貌:这类文章在新托福阅读学术中比重很大,建议大家对常用词汇进行积累。
例如:volcano,layer,conglomerate,karat,porous,permeable,meteorite,asteroid火山,(地)层,砾岩,喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形),多孔的(有透气性与透水性),可渗透的,陨石,小行星3. 气候、动物与生态:与生物和地球有关的话题是新托福阅读永远的宠儿。
新托福IBT听力场景入学:en rollme nt登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议(可指简单的毕业典礼)orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman (大学)一年级学生sophomore (大学)二年级学生junior (大学)三年级学生senior (大学)四年级学生tuiti on, fee 费用pl aceme nt test 开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的,差的结构及称谓:uni versity- p reside nt 大学,校长cha ncellor名誉校长college 学院school学院dea n院长principal中学校长pro fessor教授associate pro fessor副教授assista nt pro fessor 助理教授coordi nator班主任,协调人coun selor辅导员advisor指导老师in structor 讲师tutor个人辅导sup ervisor 管理人un dergraduate 本科graduate研究生建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 酉己楼teaching building 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n集合,集会hall com puter lab计算实验室,机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major主修mi nor畐J修scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学p hysics 物理chemistry化学biology生物学geogra phy 地理学electr onics 电子学compu ter scie nee计算机科学astro nomy天文学electr onics engin eeri ng 电子工程学bota ny植物学p sychology 心理学zoology动物学architecture 建筑学ocea nography 海洋学ecology生态学medical scie nee 医学archaeology 考古学history历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学,教学法anthropo logy 人类学econo mics经济学statistics 统计学acco un ti ng 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compu Isory course 必修课selective/op ti onal course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座semi nar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程worksho p 专题课程级别In troductory 入门级eleme ntary, fun dame ntal 初级In termediate, sec on dary 中级Adva need 高级P rerequisite先修课程上课:Atte nd class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Atte nda nee 出勤Gradi ng system 打分体系Class p artic ip ati on 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideli ne 课程纲要major主修mi nor畐J 修exe mp tio n 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor ' s signat教授的签字(用于注册课程)Course cap课程容量(可以招收的学生数),openings (可供注册的名额)Take选(课),drop 退(课)Late registrati on 晚注册Deregistrati on 注销教师称号pro fessor 教授lecturer = in structor 讲师teach ing assista nt = TA 助教research assista nt = RA助研coun selor, adviser 咨询者,顾问p reside nt大学校长teacher/faculty 教师stude nt's advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematicia n 数学家chemist化学家historia n历史学家statisticia n统计学家作业:assig nment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork =studies 作业lab rep ort实验报告book report读书报告p roject 作业p rese ntati on 发言term paper 学期论文(research pape)thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal学术期刊social in vestigati on 社会调查survey调查questionnaire n调查表,问卷observatio n n 观察in terview vt .n.采访collect data收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow dow n (论文等)缩小范围source (写论文的)参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadl ine n最终期限exte nsion 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲,提纲(roadmap) bibliography n 书目,参考书目refere nee 参考p lagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿sp eech n演讲p rese ntati on 演讲,陈述eye con tact目光接触inton ati on 音调考试:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = fin als 期末考cumulative final总结性考试take-home exam (拿回家的开卷考试, 一般有限定的时间)open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book答题本assessme nt i估价app raisal n评价,估价make up for 补考, resit, retake 重考grade (mark、score)分数成绩:p erfect grade优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分p ass ing grade 及格分faili ng grade不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全 A be all A's and B's 全是 A 和 B B plus B力卩A mi nus A 减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭,学位,证书考试问题:分析成绩低的原因,给出解决办法图书馆:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物p eriodical 期干刊magaz ine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulatio n desk 借书处reserved books馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅)library card 借书证overdue fine过期罚金P eriodical reading room 期刊阅览室on li ne journal在线期干刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志curre nt issue近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品scie nce-ficti on 科幻小说cop ier复印机check out办理(借、还)手续renew续借overdue 过期in terlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称in formatio n desk n.服务台delivery/circulati on desk 借书台shelf n.书架p hotoc opy room 复印室return area 还书处stude nts locker学生存储间refere nee secti on 参考书咅 E 科研过程Hypo thesisAlter native hypo thesis 择一假说Null hypothesis 无效假说,零假说Collect dataSurvey, questi onn aireExp erime ntIn terfere, i nflue neeObservati onAn alyze dataIn terpret dataAn alysisAn alyticalSubjectSamp le Treatme nt group Non-treatme ntCon trol group校内工作,课外活动及寻找经济援助:Letter of refere nce/recomme ndati onComp etitiveBen efit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification 资格,qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarsh ip Fellowshi pTeach ing assista ntsh ip 助教奖学金Research assista ntship研究奖学金Grant助学金Loa n贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Stude nt union 学生会Clubs俱乐部Membersh ip成员资格Career service住宿:宿舍:accommodati on n住处,膳宿reside nee hal I 宿舍suite套间studio工作室,独立套间village村落(校内一栋一栋的房子, 可以用做宿舍)lounge n公共大厅(可以用做娱乐)home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n.走廊,过道,租房lease n租借,租约Ian dlord 房东Ian dlady女房东rent租金tenant房客p atio n.阳台,slid ing door n.推拉门sin gle room 单人房twin room双人房two-bedroom ap artme nt house key房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n床垫bla nket n 毯子towel n.手巾,毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric app lia nce(i nstrume nt; equipment)电器heater, furn ace力卩热器,炉子heati ng unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove炉子microwave ove n 微波炉washer / dryer洗衣机/烘干机 (laundry洗衣店)ute nsil器皿;用具kitche n ute nsil 炊具ove n烤箱;烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机wash ing mach ine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffee pot咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer)冰箱vacuum clea ner 吸尘器tape p layer 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修,保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser (bureau)梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱;储藏柜;陈列柜cup board (closet)碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curta in窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furni shi ngs 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongings个人财产get in sura nee forpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongsgarbage/rubbish/waste r垃圾dis pose v.处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leak in g/leakage n.泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n.滑坡Lan dslide n山体滑坡Mud 泥土,soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink V.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n.灌溉Freeze, froze, froze n v冷冻Melt V.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v倾斜Slo pe n斜坡Steep adj陡峭Erode v., erosi on n 腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dino saur n.恐龙Sedime nt, dep osit 沉淀物Marble大理石gran ite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v.提炼PI ati num v.铂金Seismology 地震学Vibrati on, tremor,震动Wave波动Volca no, volca nic 火山,火山的Volca nic erup tio n 火山喷发Mag ni tude 级数Collisi on n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dorma nt adj.休眠的Extinct adj.熄灭的Magma n岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erup t v.喷发expl ode v.爆炸(ex pl osi on) boom n爆炸Blast n爆炸Avala nche n 雪崩地球科学Earth'si nterior地球的内部Seismic waves 地震波Comp ressi on 压缩Shear ( a deformation of an object in which parallel planes rema in p arallel but are shifted in a direct ion p arallel to themselves) Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boun dary 边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continen tal plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate(地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack裂缝Molten lava融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic cha nges 气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的,始终一致的Solar en ergy 太阳能Radiate发射,放射Crude app roximatio n 大概的猜测Sp eculation 猜测Cooling down 冷去卩Mecha nism 机制9 Len gth of the day Physical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude Redistribute再分配,再分布Spin快速旋转Min erals矿物质Diverse多样的Sp ecimen, Sam pie 样品Abu nda nt丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amaz on stones 天河石Firing vapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out根除,彻底消灭Mt Everest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔,海拔增高P recise measuremen精确personal的测量Global Po siti oning System 全球定位系统Lon gitude 经度Latitude 维度Alter native sources of en ergy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰P ote ntial潜在的Model模式Geological fault 地质断层Crack裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带p ostulate 假设chu nk大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的ground tilt measureme nt 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj.沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业In sura nee 保险Note注意Con tract 合约Verbal agreeme nt 口头协议Repay偿还In terest 利息Mercha nt 商人Cautious谨慎的P aram ount极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label标签Conten tio n所持观点Inform告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的,gross粗略的Supply and dema nd供求Supply chain 供应链Fluctuati on 浮动Recessi on 衰退Dep ressi on 萧条Market ing strategies 市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus 剩余Shi pment 运输Distribution 分布Retail零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, P lato and AristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fun dame ntal causes基本原因Prin ci pies of the uni verse 宇宙的原则Perceive看待,观察P erce pti on 观点Sense感觉Soul 灵魂spiritEleme nt组成成分Reas oning 推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemp lati on 沉思,思考Judgme nt 判断Just公正的,justice公正Justify证明,justification合理的理由Exp licit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimate truth 终极真理Uni versal普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashio ned 过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存,存活Con servative 保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cog nitive认知的Weaken削弱Dimi nish (影响力)减小Medieval中世纪Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism唯心论,理想主义Ep istemology n.认识论Meta physics形而上学,玄学Reco ncile和解,调停天文学astronomy con stellati on 星座zodiac (星象学的星座) planet行星sun恒星Jup iter 木星Pluto冥王星Satur n 土星Mercury 水星Mars火星Venus金星Nep tu ne海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and the first discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper北斗七星Asteroid belt小行星带Milky Way银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v.转Axis n.轴track n.轨道outer sp ace外太空gravity n.重力equator n 赤道tropical热带的bright ness n 亮度dime nsion n.维度dista nee n.距巨离Ecli pse (日月食) Wane, dimi nish v.逐渐变小Centrip etal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust inin terstellar space) Nebulous adj.星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) P article 微粒Polar light 极光Observatory 天文台Astro nomical 天文的Photos phere 光球层Astro physics天文物理学Plan etarium 天文馆Big Dipper北斗七星P la netoid小行星Black hole 黑洞Polestar北极星Celestial天体的P seudoscie nee 伪科学Celestial map 天体图Quasar类星体Cen trifugal force 离心力Radiation 辐射Cho ndrite球粒状陨石Revoluti on 旋转Chromos phere太阳的色球层Rotati on 旋转Clockwise顺时针Satellite 卫星Cluster星团,一群星星Sky atlas天体图Comet彗星Solar corona 日冕Cosmos 宇宙, Space debris太空垃圾cosmetic宇宙的Sp ace shuttle太空飞船Cosmology宇宙学Space suit太空服Emission排放物,发射Spin快速旋转Fai nt微弱的Star cluster星群,星团Feeble微弱的Stellar 星星的Gaseous bodies 气态包Sunspot太阳黑子Gravitational force 吸弓丨力Time differe nee 时差Gree nwich mea n time 格林尼治时间Time zone 时区High resolution 高清晰度etc.) Ignite引燃表演艺术(舞蹈,电影,「Illusive object 幻影物体Genre艺术分类Image影响,形象P erformi ng art 表演艺术Infinite无限的moder n dance p iece现代舞In frared ray红外射线concert音乐会In terferometer 干扰仪play 剧In tergalactic 星系间的opera歌居寸In ternatio nal date line国际日期变更线film电影Interplan etary 星球间的camera摄影In terstellar 星际的camera shotLea p year 闰年an alytical 分析的Light year 光年parallel平行的Luminosity 光亮度ballet巴雷舞Lunar阴历的,月亮的choreogra pher 舞蹈指导Massive巨大的Fin e/visual arts 视觉艺术Meteor流星Abstract art抽象艺术Meteor shower 流星雨Ian dsca pe 风景Meteorite 陨石p hotogra phy 摄影Meteoroid流星体exp osure 曝光Molten融化的develop film冲洗胶卷Naked eye 裸眼n egative n.底片p ortrait (p ortray v.)肖像,人像、still life 静物scu Ip ture 雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid an them 国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评,评论Review n.评论Master piece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic app eal 美学吸弓I力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Dist inct adj.与众不同的Un ique独一无二的Style风格Tech nique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Editi on n.专辑Release v.发行Debut n首映Imp ressi onist印象主义者Imp ressi onism 印象派Persp ective 透视法An gle角度P ress/Publish ing house出版社Acclaim v.盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产P reserve v.保存Ext inct adj.灭绝的,消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biogra phy 传记autobiogra phy 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist小说家collecti on of short stories 短篇小说集Allegory 寓言Comp arative literature 比较文学Diary 日记Editorial社论,重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descri ptive p rose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism未来派Lege nd传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative p rose 叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义School of literature 文学派别Lead ing character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌P rologue 前言P roverb 谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术Art gallery 艺廊Calligraphy 书法Imitating 模仿Lan dsca pe pain ti ng 风景画Oil painting 油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔,粉笔,颜料P igme ntatio n 颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Sp ectrum 光谱Pers pective透视画法Poster海报Portrait 肖像Model模式,模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawi ng 蜡笔画Sketch草图Autogra ph 手稿建筑Architecture 建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style 建筑风格Art deco装饰艺术Art moder neGeometric p atter ns 几何图形Arch拱门Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing 结构Lobby n.大厅(entrance hall)Elevator n.电梯Facade n.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Imp ressi oni stic style 印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Acco mpaniment 伴奏Audition试听,试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐,弦Classical music 古典音乐Con certo协奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harm ony和弦,和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Seren ade小夜曲Solo独奏Son ata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music民间音乐P relude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱,记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Con duct 指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr ?ml?:n] n.变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp竖琴考古anthropo logist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropo logist生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropo logy 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源origi nate起源于an cestor 祖先hominid 人(科) homoge neous同一种族(种类)的tribe部落cla n氏族archeologist考古学家excavati on 挖掘excavate (un earth)挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹,废墟remai ns遗迹,遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Po rcela in 瓷器fossil化石relic遗物,文物Rock pain ti ng 岩石画an tique古物,古董antiquity 古代,古老skull颅骨Cran iai颅骨的Sto ne Age石器时代Bronze Age (青)铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘P aleoa nthropo logyP rehistoric 史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Ami no acid氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological age ncyCalcium 钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒En zymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Ferme ntati on 发酵Fun gus菌类Gene基因Gen etic engin eeri ng 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immuno logy 免疫学In cubatio n 孵蛋Inflection 传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核On e-celled单细胞的Oxidation 氧化P arasitic ani mal 寄生动物P arasite disease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌,病原体P rotozoa原生动物San itatio n 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vacci ne 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral 珊瑚rode nt啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape 猿chi mpan zee n.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩mon key n.猴子mammal哺乳类动物dino saur n 恐龙bat (ecolotio n)蝙蝠(声波定位) sno wshoe hare 雪兔子racco on 浣熊po lar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部; rep tile爬行类动物snake, cobra 眼镜蛇,rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard 蜥蜴, sn ail蜗牛amp hibia n adj.两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n.青蛙tad pole 蝌蚪toad蟾蜍pond池塘puddle水坑insect n 昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grassh opper 蚱蜢honey bee mon arch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having dee p orange wings with black and white markin gs; the larvae feed on milkweed egg卵larvae 幼虫cater pillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n.白蚁marine adj.海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅p redator n.捕食者prey n.被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrim p 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab螃蟹bird, hum ming bird artery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw 爪子horn 角horm one荷尔蒙in testi ne 肠hive蜂巢p olle n n.花粉p olli nate v.授粉hiber nate 冬眠migrate v.迁徙com muni cate v.交流camouflage 保护色evolve进化evolutio n n.进化endotherm n温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n.冷血动物beak鸟嘴en zymes 酵母secreti on(n.) secrete(v.)分泌pan creas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragranee scent smell) gla nd腺体chromosome 染色体植物bota ny植物学bota nist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel月桂chest nut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae( pl. alga)海藻orga nism有机物birch tree (bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素ami no acids 氨基酸protein蛋白质n itroge n 氮p hotos yn thetic(adj.) p hotos yn thesis( n.) 光合作用liche n地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such a&UMP KIN s bean豆类植物n ectar花蜜flower 花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss苔藓herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous 食草的classificati on 分类hierarchy 级另hazardous有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (p redict)预报climate 气候atmos phere 大气层troposp here 对流层Convection 对流Stratos phere 同温层Barometer气压计curre nt (气)流vapor蒸汽eva po rate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture潮湿;水分saturate 饱和absorb吸收dew露frost 霜fog (mist)雾smog烟雾drop let小水珠condense 浓缩crystal水晶体dow npo ur (torre ntial rain)大雨temp est (storm)暴风雨drizzle纟田雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard (sno wstorm)暴风雪avala nche (sno wslide) 雪崩precip itati on (雨、露、雪等)降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze微风Blast大风gale大风whiriwind 旋风Cyclo ne旋风,飓风typhoon 台风hurrica ne 飓风Mon soon 季风San dstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴torn ado (twister, cycl one)龙卷风Tropi cal dep ressio n 热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel漏斗,漏斗云cum uloni mbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastro phe)灾难devastati on 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v.淹没drought 干旱Avala nche 雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的,严格的Heat-wave 热浪Te pid adj.微温的环保en vir onmen tal p rotecti on 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的p reserve v 保护,保存污染:p ollute, p olluti on, p olluta nt con tam inant n 污染物con tam in ate v 污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学an tise ptic adj 防腐的atmos pheric p olluti on 大气污染垃圾:rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理:dis pose of, burn, bury (la ndfill), recycle, reduce, reuse, dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk cart on 牛奶盒,tyre, alu minium cans 铝罐, pl astic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway可丢弃的dis po sable 可丢弃的discourage v.不鼓励燃料non e-re newable不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: n atural gas, coal, p etroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alter native en ergy 替代能源, replace=substitute v取代wind po wer, hydr opo wer 水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nu clear po wer 核能radioactivity n.辐射性use up, dep lete, exhaust v 用光,耗尽con serve v.节省,节约, 污染:water p olluti on, air p olluti on, soil pollution 土壤污染, no ise p olluti on soil erosi on 土壤侵蚀soil pollution 土壤污染stain n污染,污点,玷污stink V.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical有毒的化学物品fume n烟,气味light pollution 日光污染refuse废物sewage污水p esticide n 杀虫剂chemical waste 化学废料con gest v使充满危害动物: poaching非法打猎,盗猎, damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered specie濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), an imal rights activist动物权益保护者, n atural reserve(gia nt pan dot 熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,p reserve v保护disastrous灾难性的,devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on 对。
英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。
3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。
4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。
7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难,失朋友易。
11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。
13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。
14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。
16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不用请医生。
17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。
18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
《iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇》无老师iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇托福考试本身是一个专业化的语言水平评测考试,本身专业知识是不应该影响到托福成绩的,但是在设计考试的过程中不可避免地会涉及到一些专业的词汇。
虽然这些词汇在美国人看来是日常中都会遇到的词汇,不应该算是专业词汇。
但是对于中国考生来说,由于教育体制的限制以及平时积累的不足,因此很多考友在面对专业词汇的时候,都感觉手足无措。
而且经常有很多文科生反馈,对于理科文章听不懂,当然也有很多理科生表示,理科的文章不好理解,由于托福考试的文章根本不会很深的涉及专业考试的内部知识原理,因此,唯一的面对不熟悉的专业就不知所云的可能就是对于专业词汇不够熟悉。
本次,无老师搜集了网上一个很强大的专业词汇的版本,进行大刀阔斧的删节为各位考友奉献出这个新托福考试专用的专业分类词汇,将各位考友在考试中可能遇到的专业词汇一网打尽,绝对不留死角。
此分类文件中大量删减了一些过于专业,以至于不可能在托福考试中出现的词汇,而且5页A4纸也十分易于携带,各位考友可以在公车上,地铁上,煲电话粥的时候,甚至听家长碎碎念的时候都可以背这份专业分类词汇!本专业词汇一共分为30大类,天文,地理,生态,人物,经济。
总之,只要是托福考试当中出现过的,这份专业分类词汇之中就一定会出现!而且最后还附上了一份重要学科名称,对于各位考友在听力考试中熟悉该lecture的属于哪一大项十分有帮助!可以说这份资料中所列出的词汇99%以上都是在托福考试之中出现过的,反之亦然。
而且无老师本次特别贴心的加入了无数励志诗词,欢迎各位考友也把自己的单词诗词在微博里@ 给无老师。
^_^新托福最新、1《iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇》无老师1. ASTRONOMY 天文学astronomical天文的astronomer天文学家galaxy (Milky Way) 银河系astrophysics天文物理学observable可观察到的astrology占星学cluster星团deviate偏离solar太阳的solar system太阳系cosmos (universe) 宇宙solar corona日冕cosmology宇宙学solar radiation太阳辐射infinite无限的planet行星cosmic宇宙的planetoid (asteroid)小行星celestial天的revolve旋转;绕转celestial body (heavenly body)天体twinkle闪烁celestial globe天球仪naked eye肉眼terrestrial …地球仪Mercury水星celestial navigation (astronavigation)天文导航Venus金星stellar星的Earth地球nebula (复数nebulae或nebulas)星云Mars火星nebular(nebulous)星云的;星云状的Jupiter木星dwarf (dwarf star)矮星Saturn土星constellation星座Uranus天王星planisphere平面天球图,星座图Neptune海王星我寄愁心与明月,随君一起背单词。
1.托福口语考试常用的表达词汇1. I know很多学生都喜欢说这个词组。
其实,这种说法并没有任何错误,只是学生们要非常注意场合。
2. Judge这是个基本上所有学生都知道的词,表示判断的意思。
外国人通常非常反感甚至说讨厌别人judge自己,那么这里的judge指的就是告诉自己应该怎么做。
我们经常可以听到老外们说“Don’t judge me. I don’t need to hear that kind of talk. ”意思就是说,我知道应该怎么做,不要告诉我应该做什么,我不要这样的帮助。
这时候,老外通常的反应就是“whatever”,一种不屑一顾的口气。
再例如说,如果你跟一个外国人说你不要怎么样,应该怎么样,他们往往会有一大堆话来反驳你。
其实这除了是因为大多数外国人都有一种从骨子里透出的莫须有的傲气,主要是因为在西方文化里面,这样的judge别人的做法是非常令人讨厌的。
所以学生们要注意。
以上两个例子是大家在托福口语考试常用的表达词汇,其实类似这样让美国人反感的表达方式还有很多,大家在备考托福口语的时候,也能参考一下美国人的思维方式及表达习惯,不要犯太大的错误。
2.托福口语热门短语? ? ? 1.I’m an office worker. 我是上班族。
2.I work for the government. 我在政府机关做事。
3.I’m happy to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
4.I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。
5.I’m glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你。
6.I’ll call you. 我会打电话给你。
7.I feel like sleeping/ taking a walk. 我想睡/散步。
8.I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。
9.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
abandon vt.离弃,完全放弃(desert)n.放纵abbreviate vt.缩短,缩写(shorten)abnormal a.反常的,变态的(unusal,exceptional)abolition n.废除,废止abort n.中止计划(任务),夭折(cancel)abound vi.富于(flourish);大量存在(teem);充满(overflow)abrasion n.表面磨损abreast ad.并列地,并排地(side by side)abrupt a.突然的,意外的(unexpected)absence n.缺席;缺乏(lack),不存在absolutely ad.完全地;绝对地(utterly)absorb vt.吸收(take in,engage)abstract a.抽象的(unconcrete);抽象派的(nonrepresentational)absurd a.可笑的,荒唐的(ridiculous)abundant a.充足的,丰富的(rich,plentiful)academy n.研究会,学术团体;专门院校accelerate v.(使)加快,加速(increase,quicken)access n.通道(approach);(接近或享用的)机会(opportunity).存取accessible a.易接近的;可得到的(available);可进入的accessory n.附件,零件(adjunct)acclaim vt./n.喝彩(applaud);称赞(praise)accommodate vt.供应(住宿或房间)(supply);使适应(conform,adjust to) accompany vt.陪伴(attend);为…伴奏accomplish vt.达到(reach);完全(complete);实现(realize)accomplished a.多才多艺的(all-round);完成了的(achieved)accord n.一致;符合(agreement)account n.解释(interpretation);账户(record);考虑.说明…的原因accumulate v.积累,堆积(build up,collect)accuracy n.准确(性),精确(性)(nicety,precision)accurate a.正确的,精确的(precise,exact)accuse vt.指责,归咎(blame);指控(charge)accustom vt.使习惯于(familiarize)acid n.酸 a.酸的acknowledge vt.承认,确认(recognize,admit);对…表示感谢(express gratitude) acoustic a.非电声乐器的;听觉的acquaint vt.使认识(inform);使熟悉(familiarize)acquire vt.获得(obtain,gain);学到acting a.代理的(representative) n.演戏,表演action n.行为,活动(step,behavior);作用(effect)activity n.活动(movement);活跃(fizz)acute a.极度的,(事情)激烈的(intense);敏锐的(keen)adapt v.使适合(adjust);调整(alter)additional a.附加的(additive),额外的(further,extra)additive a.添加的;加法的n.添加剂address n.地址;讲话(speech) v.(正式)讲话;写姓名地址adequate a.适当的(proper);足够的(sufficient)adhere vi.粘附(stick);坚持(cling to)adhesive a.带粘性的n.胶合剂adjacent a.邻近的(nearby,adjoining,bordering)adjunct n.附加物,附件(addition,accessory)adjust v.调整(alter,rectify);使适合;适应(adapt) administer vt.管理(manage);执行execute)admire vt.钦佩;欣赏(appreciate)admission n.准许进入;入场费;承认(acknowledgement) admit v.承认(confess);接纳(let in)adobe n.泥砖,土坯adolescence n.青春期(youthhood)adopt vt.采用(assume)adorn vt.装饰,装扮(decorate,beautify)advanced 先进的;高级的advent n.到来(arrival),出现(emergence)adventure n.奇遇(happening);冒险活动adverse a.负面的(negative,contrary);不利的(unfavorable) advertise v.登广告宣传;宣传(promote)advocate vt.提倡n.倡导者(proponent)aerial a.空中的aerobic a.增氧健身法的n. 有氧运动aesthetic a.美学的artisitic);审美的affection n.喜爱(fondness);影响(influence)affirm vt.断言,坚持声称(assert)afflict vt.使苦恼,折磨(torment,torture)afford vt.买得起;冒险做;提供(provide,supply)agency n.代理处;(政府等的)专门行政部门aggregate n.聚成岩;聚集物aggressive a.挑衅的(combative,offensive);强有力的(strong) agreeable a.使人愉快的(pleasant);欣然同意的(willing) airborne a.空气传播的alarm n.闹钟;警报(alert) v. 使惊恐(startle)alchemist n.炼金术士alert a.机警的(vigilant,watchful)vt 提醒(ware,,remind)alga n.藻类,海藻(seaweed)algabra n.代数(学)alien a.不同的(different,foreign) 外星人;组织之外的人alkali n.碱allay vt.减轻,减少(raduce,alleviate)allegory n.寓言(fable,parable)allergy n.过敏症alleviate vt.减轻,缓和(relieve)allocation n.配给,分配(apportion)alloy n.合金vt. 使成合金alphabet n.字母表alter v.(使)改变(change,vary)alternate a.交替的(by turns),轮流的(totate,in turn) alternative n.选择(option) 其他可选用的altitude n.(海拔)高度(hight);海拔甚高的地方aluminum n.铝alumnus n.男校友amass v.积聚(accumulate)amateur n.业余爱好者(non-professional)amid prep.在…中amino a.氨基的ammonia n.氨,氨水amnesia n.健忘症amount n.总额(sum,quantity) vi. 总计达(totalize)ample a.充足的(abundant,enough)amplify vt.放大(声音等);增强(strengthen)amuse vt.逗乐,逗笑(delight,entertain)amusement n.娱乐(recreation),消遣(entertainment) analogy n.类比,类推;类似物analysis n.分析(stydy)analyze vt.分析,研究anatomy n.解剖构造;解剖(dissection)ancestor n.祖先(forefather)anchor vt.紧固,使固定(fix)ancient a.古代的(archaic);古老的(old)angle n.角;角度(viewpoint)animation n.动画制作announce vt.宣布(herald,proclaim);通告(notify) annoyed a.生气的(angry)annual a.每年的(yearly);一年一度的anthropology n.人类学antibiotic n.抗生素 a.抗生的anticipate vt.预见(foresee),预期(look forward to,expect) antique n.古董apartment n.公寓(flat,suite)apparent a.显然的,明显的(obvious,evident,detectable) appeal n.吸引力(attraction)vi. 吸引;上诉appetite n.胃口,食欲(savor)applaud v.鼓掌喝彩(cheer);称赞(acclaim)applicable a.可应用的,可实施的applicant n.申请者appointment n.约会(date),约定(faith)appreciate vt.赏识(recognize),鉴赏;感激apprentice n.学徒approach v./n.接近,靠近(near) 方法(way),手段(neasure) appropriate a.适当的(suitable,becoming)vt. 拨款;占用(engross) approve vt.批准(pass,ratify) vi.赞成(assent)approximate vi.近似(close to) a. 近似的(about)aquarium n.养鱼池;水族馆aquatic a.水生的;水中(上)的(marine)arbitrary a.任意的,专断的archaeology n.考古学architect n.建筑师arid a干旱的(dry);贫瘠的(barren)arithmetic n.算术arrange vt.布置;安排(plan);筹备(prepare)array n.一系列(series)articulate a.有关节的vt.清楚地说artifact n.人工制品;史前古器物artificial a.人造的(synthetic);假的(false)artisan n.工匠,手艺人(workman,craftsman)artistic a.艺术(家)的(aesthetical)ascending a.上升的,向上的(climbing)ascribe vt.把…归于(attribute)aspect n.方面(facet)assemble v.集合(gather);装配(fit together)assert vt.断言,声称(affirm,declare)assign vt.指派(prescribe);分配(apportin);布置(作业)associate v.关联(relate);结交(consort) a. 副的associate n.伙伴(companion,partner);大专学位a. 准的assume vt.假定(premise,suppose);承担(bear)assure vt.确保(guarantee);使确信(convince)asteroid n.小行星astronomy n.天文学asymmetrical a.不均匀的,不对称的athlete n.运动员atmosphere n.大气,空气(air);气氛(tone)atomic a.原子的;原子能的(nuclear)attach vt.连接(fix,connect);贴上,依附于(affix)attain vt.达到(reach);获得(achieve,gain)attempt n./vt.尝试(try),努力(strive)attendance n.出席(presence);出席人数attorney n.代理人,辩护律师attract vt.吸引(lure,draw)attractive a.吸引人的(tempting,appealing,inviting)attractive a.有魅力的(intriguing,charming)attribute n.属性(characteristic,trait)vt.把…归结于(ascribe) auction n.拍卖audience n.听众(listener);观众(spectator)audio a.音频的(acoustic);声音的(vocal)audit vt.旁听audition n.旁听;试唱(rehearsal)auditorium n.礼堂(hill)augment vt.增大,增加(increase)authority n.权威人士;权力(power);当局authorize vt.授权(empower),批准(sanction),许可(peimit)automatic a.自动的(self-acting)automobile n.汽车(motor)available a.可得到的(accessible,obtainable)available a.可利用的(improvable);有空的(free)avalanche n.雪崩,山崩(snowslide,landslide)avenue n.途径(approach);大街avert vt.避免,规避(avoid)aviation n.航空(navigation)航空学;飞行(fly)avoid vt.避免,规避(shy away from,prevent)aware a.知道的(perceptible);意思到的awareness n.知道,注意(realization)awful a.不舒服的(unwell);糟糕的(terrible);可怕的(awesome)awkard a.别扭的(unnatural);笨拙的(clumsy)axis n.轴(shaft)Babylonian a.巴比伦的backlighting n.逆光bake v.烘,烤balcony n.包厢(loge)bald a.光秃的(uncovered,hairless)banner n.横幅barb n.倒钩,倒刺barbecue n.烧烤野餐bare a.赤裸的(naked,bald)barge n.驳船,游船bark n.树皮barn n.谷仓;牲口棚barrel n.桶barren a.贫瘠的,荒芜的(infertile,unproductive)barrier n.栅栏;屏障(fence,obstruction)barter n./v.实物交易(trade,deal)basin n.盆地battery n.电池bead n.珠子,水珠beak n.鸟嘴,啄beam n.束;横梁(timber,bar)beat v.敲打拍子a. 疲惫的beaver n.海狸behave vi.行为,表现(conduct)behavior n.举止,行为(conduct,manner)belt n.地带;腰带beneficial a.有益的,有利的(advantageous)benefit n.利益,好处v.(使)受益(profit)benign a.(气候)良好的besiege vt.包围(surround)beverage n.饮料bias n.偏见(prejudice)bill n.账单,票据;议案;钞票;鸟嘴,形似鸟嘴的东西bind vt.使结合,绑(tie,fasten);装订biography n.传记bison n.美洲或欧洲的野牛blade n.刃,刀片bland a.无味的blanket n.毛毯;覆盖物blast n.一股v.爆发(burst);发出尖响bleach n.漂白剂blend v./n.混合(mix,combine)blip n.雷达上显示的点blizzard n.大风雪block vt.阻塞(back up)n.一块;街区bloom n.花vi.开花(blossom)blossom n.花vi.开花(bloom)blur vt.使…模糊(make indistince)board n.委员会;膳食费用;板boast v./n.自夸(brag)bog n.沼泽(swamp)bold a.大胆的(daring),冒失的bond n.联结,粘结;债卷;化学键bony a.瘦骨嶙峋的boom n.繁荣(expansion)vi 迅速增长boost vt.提高,推进(raise,push)botany n.植物学boulder n.大石头bounce v./n.(使)弹,(使)反弹bound a.被束缚的,被要求的(obligated,enclose)bound n.界限(limit,boundary)boundary n.分界线;边界(bound,border)brand n.商标brass n.黄铜(器);铜管乐器breakthrough n.突破(improving)breed n.品种vt.饲养(raise)繁殖(reproduce)breeze n.微风brief a.简短的,短暂的(fleeting,short)brighten vt.使快活brilliance n.光辉(radiance);显赫brilliant a.闪耀的(bright);杰出的(outstanding)brittle a.易碎的(easy brken,fragile)brochure n.小册子(pamphlet,booklet)bronze n.青铜brush n.毛笔v.刷,拂(wipe)bubble n.(气、水)泡v. 起泡buck n.美元buckle n.皮带扣环v.扣紧(fasten)bud n.芽,蓓蕾buddy n.密友,伙伴(companion)budget n.预算buffalo n.水牛bulb n.植物的球茎,球形物;灯泡bulk n.体积;大部分(majority)bulletin n.简明新闻;公告bump v.撞(破)(hit)n. 肿块bundle n.捆,束(package,nale)vt.捆bureau n.局,署burgeon vi.迅速成长,发展(bloom,flourish)burrow vi.挖地洞(dig,tunnel)n.洞穴cabin n.小屋(hut,cottage)cabinet n.内阁;贮藏橱;陈列柜cable n.缆绳;电缆(wire);电报(telegraph)cactus n.仙人掌cafeteria n.自助餐厅(cafe)calcium n.钙calculate vt.计算(count,figure);推测(speculate);打算(determine)calculus n.微积分学;结石calendar n.(日、月)历;日程表calibration n.标度,刻度camouflage n./v.掩饰,伪装(hide,disguise)camopaign n.竞选活动vi竞选;参加战斗candidate 候选人(nominee)cannibalism n.嗜食同类canopy n.天篷,遮篷(awning,covering)canvas n.帆布(sail);画布canyon n.峡谷capability n.能力(ability,potentiality);性能;容量capacity n.能力(ability);容量;身份(identity)cape n.海角,岬capillary n.毛细血管captive n.俘虏,猎物(quarry)carbon n.碳cardiac a.心脏的,心脏病的cardinal a.主要的,最重要的(main,essential)n.红衣凤头鸟cargo n.货物(freight)caribou n.北美洲驯鹿carnivore n.食肉动物carp n.鲤鱼cart n.大车;手推车(asmall wheeled vehicle)cartilage n.软骨carve v.切(cut,slice);雕刻(incise)cascade n.小瀑布(steep small fall of water)cascara n.缓泻剂cassette n.盒式录音(或录像)带cast n.铸件vt.浇铸(mold);投掷(throw)catalog n.目录(list)catalyst n.催化剂catastrophe n.突如其来的大灾难(disaster,tragedy)category n.种类(kind);范畴caterpillar n.毛虫,蝴蝶的幼虫cautious a.小心的,谨慎的(discreet)cavity n.腔;洞(pit,crater)cease v./n.结束,停止(stop,end)celebrate vt.赞美(proclaim,observe);庆祝(commemorate)celebrated a.著名的(famous);有名的(renowned)celestial a.天空的(astronomical,heavenly)cell n.细胞;单人房间(a single room usually for one person)census n.人口普查centennial n.百年纪念ceramic n.陶瓷制品cereal n.谷类(食品)ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节certificate n.证(明)书chafe vt.擦热,擦破,擦痛(abrade,rub)chamber n.房间(room,compartment);洞穴(cavity)champion n.冠军(winner,victor);拥护者(defender,protector)vt.支持championship n.冠军身份;冠军赛,锦标赛channel n.通道(path,way)chaos n.混乱(muddle,disorder)chapel n.小礼堂(a subordinate or private place of worship)character n.性格(nature);特性(property)角色(role)characteristic a.特有的;典型的(typical);n.特性(property)characterize vt.以…为特征;刻画…的性格(distinguish,feature)charcoal n.木炭chart n.图表(map,graph)vt.用图说明(to make a map of)charter n.宪章(constitution)vt.特许(certify)checked a.格子花纹的;棋盘状的chief n.首领(leader,head)a.主要的(primary);总的(total)chill n.寒冷,寒意(coldness)chilled a.冷冻的chimpanzee n.黑猩猩chip n.碎片(piece,bit);芯片(integrated circuit)chip v.削(或凿)下(break off)chlorine n.氯choir n.唱诗班,合唱队cholesterol n.胆固醇choreographer n.舞蹈指导chorus n.合唱队chromosome n.染色体chronical a.慢性的,延续很长的(not acute)circuit n.电路,线路(circular line)circular a.圆形的(round);循环的(intended for circulation)circulation n.发行额;循环(cycle);流通(flow)circumference n.周边(periphery);圆周(the perimeter of a cirle)circumstance n.环境(environment);境况(condition,situation)cite vt.引用,引证,举例(quote)civilian a.平民的;民间的(folk)claim v./n.声称;要求(request);索赔n.断言(assertion)clam n.蛤clamor n.吵闹,喧哗(sound,noise)clarify vt.澄清;阐明(identify,explain)classic a.经典的;典型的(typical)classic n.经典作品(a work of enduring excellence);古典文学classify vt.分类(categorize,sort);分等级(to arrange in classes)clay n.泥土,粘土(earth,mud)client n.委托人,当事人;顾客(customer)cliff n.悬崖,绝壁(precipice,bluff)cling vi.附着;紧贴(adhere,stick)clinical a.临床的clipper n.快速帆船closet n.壁橱(cabinet)隐蔽的(closcly private)clue n.线索(information,hint);提示(cue)clump n.土块vi.丛生,成群(cluster)clumsy a.笨拙的(awkward)cluster n.串,丛,群(group)v. 丛生;使成群(concentrate,assemble)clutch n.一次所孵的卵(或蛋)v.企图抓住,抓紧(take,clench)coarse a.粗(糙)的(rough)coax vt.巧妙地(耐心地)处理code n.密码,代码;法规(laws,rules)vt.把…编码coexist vi.共存(to exist together or at the same time)cognition n.认识,认识(力)(perception)coherent a.有条理的(consistnet);相干的cohesion n.内聚力;凝聚力;团结,结合(unity)coil n.卷,线圈(wire)盘绕(swirl)coincide vi.一致(agree,accord);相巧合collaborator n.合作者collapse vi./n,崩溃,倒塌(crash)collect v.收集;聚集(accumulate,assemble))collect ad./a(打)电话由对方付费(的)collectively ad.全体地,共同地(together)collide vi.碰撞;冲突(conflict)colonize vt.开拓(或建立)殖民地;移居于(settle)colony n.殖民地(settlement);(生物)群体(community)column n.圆柱(pillar);专栏;长列combat n./v.格斗,战斗(conflict,battle)combination n.结合(体)(mixture);化合;组合(compounding)combine v.(使)联合,(使)结合(fuse,unite)combustible a.可燃的,易燃的(flammable)comedy n.喜剧comet n.彗星comic a.滑稽的,喜剧的(funny,laughable)command n./v.命令;指挥,掌握(govern,control)commemorate vt.纪念,庆祝(celebrate,honor)comment n./vi.评论(review);注释(remark,note)commentary n.评论,注释(comment)commerce n.贸易,商业(trade,business)commission n.委任(charge)vt. 委托,授命(appoint,assign)commit vt.承诺(promise);负责(obligate);犯(错)commitment n.承诺(promise);支持(support)commitment n.允许(permission)致力,献身(devotion)committee n.委员会(council)commodity n.商品(article);日用品communal a.公共的;社区的(of or relating to a community)communicate v.通信,交流;传达,传播(express,convey)community n.社团(corporation);社会(society at large);群落commute vi.坐公共汽车上下班compact a.紧凑的;简洁的(concise)v.压缩(compress)companion n.同伴,共事者(partner,comrade)comparable a.可比较的,类似的(similar,like);比得上的comparative a.比较的(relative)相当的,接近的comparison n.比较(the act or process of comparing);比喻compass n.罗盘;圆规;范围(range,scope)compatible a.协调的,一致的(harmonious,coherent)compel vt.驱使(drive)compensate v.赔偿,弥补(pay for,make up)compete vi.比得上;竞争,对抗(rival)competence n.胜任;能力compile vt.汇编(put together);编辑(edit)complement vt.补充,使完善(supplement,complete);与…相配(to match)complementary a.补充的;互补的completion n.完成,实现(accomplishment,realization)complex a.综合的;错综的,难以理解的(intricate,complicated)complex n.综合体complicated a.难懂的;复杂的(complex)compliment vt./n.赞美,恭维(praise) n.问候(regsrds)comply vi.服从,遵守(conform,submit)component n.成分,组成部分(part,element) a.构成的compose v.创作(create,devise);组成(constitute);使安定(calm,pacify) composition n.成分(component),构成(composing);作品,作文(works,writing) compound n.混(化)合物 a. 复合comprehend vt.理解,领会(understand,grasp)compress vt压缩(condense);缩短(shorten)comprise vt.包含(include);由…组成(consist of)compromise n.妥协,折衷(yield)compulsory a.义务的,必须做的conceal vt.隐蔽,隐瞒(cover)concede vt.承认(grant);让步(yield)conceive vt.以为;构思,设想(design,imagine)concentration n.专心;集中;浓度concept n.概念,思想(motion,thought)concert n.一致(agreement);音乐会concise a.简明的,简练的(terse)conclude v.作出结论;(使)结束(complete,end)conclusive a.确定的,最后的(definitive)concrete n.混凝土(cement) a. 具体的(material)condensation n.浓缩,凝结condense v.(使)压缩(compress);(使)凝结(contract)conduct n.行为(behavior)conduct vt.引导(guide);传导(transmit);进行(progress)conductivity n.传播性conductor n.导体;(乐队等的)指挥confederacy n.联盟(alliance)confer vt.授予(award)conference n.会议;讨论会(meeting,consulation)confession n.供认,承认(admission)confidence n.信心(faith,belief)configuration n.构造,外形(structure,shape)confine vt.限制(restrict,limit)confirm vt证实(validate,verify);使巩固(strengthen);批准(approve) conflict n.冲突(clash);不一致(disagreement);争论(dispute)conflict vi.冲突(clash);不一致(disagree);争论(argue)conform vi.遵守,符合(comply,agree);适应(adapt)confront vt.使面临(face,encounter);对抗(oppose)congenial a.性格温和的(gentle);相宜的(kindred)congestion n.拥塞(clog)congress n.议会,国会(parlianment);(代表)大会(convention) conscious a.有知觉的(preceptual);有意识的(awake)consciously ad.有意识地(on purpose),自觉地consent vi./n.同意,赞成(approve,agree)consequence n.结果(outcome);影响(influence);推理(inference) consequently ad.因此,从而(accordingly,therefore)conservation n.保守,保存,保持(preservation);守恒conserve vt.保存,保藏(retain,preserve)considerable a.相当大(或多)的(great,much,substantial)considerable a.值得考虑的,重要的(significant)considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的(thoughtful)consistent a.一致的(coherent);稳定的(sustained)consistent a.调和的(compatible);始终如一的(constant)consistently ad.一贯的(regularly)consonant a.协调的(harmonious)consort vi.结交(associate)constant a.稳定的(stable)constant a.不变的,持续的(consistent,continued,continuous)constantly ad.不断地,坚持不懈地(continually);经常地(regularly,always) constellation n.星系;一系列constituent n.要素,成分(component,element);选民(electorate) constitute vt.组成(make up);设立(set up),establish);制定(法律)constitution n.宪法,章程constrain vt.束缚,限制(confine,limit)constricted a.狭窄的(confined);收缩的(contractive)construct vt.建造(build);创立(found)consult v.请教,商议(counsel,confer);参考,翻阅(refer to)consume vt.消耗,浪费(spend,use up);大吃大喝(waste) consumption n.消耗(量),消费(量);食用(eating)contagious a.传染性的,有感染力的(catching)contain vt.包含(include),容纳;控制(control)contaminate vt.污染(pollute)contemporary a.当代的,现在的(existing,surrent)n.同时代的人content a.满足的(satisfied) n.内容,容量(capacity)contest n.竞赛(game);辩论(debate)context n.上下文;背景(setting);环境(environment)continent n.大陆(mainland)continuation n.延长,延续(prolongation)continuity n.连贯性,连续性(consistency,succession)continuum n.连续统一体(acoherentwhole)contour n.轮廓(outline);等高线,周长contract n.合同,契约(agreement,pact)v.订合同;收缩(shrink)contrast n.对比,对照vt.对比,对照(compare,balance)contribute v.贡献,捐献(donate);有助于(promote);投稿(to submit articles to) controversy n.争论,辩论(dispute,argument)convection n.对流;传送(conveying,transmission)convenience n.便利(fitness or suitability);便利设施convention n.惯例(custom);公约(agreement);(正式)会议conventional a.传统的,惯例的(traditional,customary)converge vi.汇聚,聚合(asssemble,aggregate)conversation n.交谈;会话converse vi.交谈(talk,discuss)convert vt.使…改变信仰;使转化(换)convey vt.运(送,输)(carry,transport);传达(communicate,transfer)convict vt.定罪,宣告…有罪(cirminate)convince vt.使确信,说服(persuade,assure)cooperative a.合作的,协力的coordinate vt.协调,相配合(harmonize,cooperate)copper n.铜(币)coral n.珊瑚(虫)a.珊瑚色的,珊瑚红的corona n.日冕(sunglow),光环(aura)corporate a.共同的;公司的(incorporated)correspond vi.符合(accord);相应(match)correspondence n.信件;通信(communication by letters);相应corrosion n.腐蚀(状态),侵蚀corrosive a.腐蚀(性)的cosmic a.宇宙的(universal)cosmos n.宇宙(universe)costume n.服饰(dress) vt.装束counseling n.咨询服务counselor n.顾问,法律顾问(advisor)counteract vt.消除(clear up),抵消(neutralize)counterpart n.相对物,极相似的人或物;副本(duplicate)coupon n.礼卷,优惠卷(gift certificate)court n.法院;球场(playground,field)vt.向…献殷勤,追求crab n.蟹crack v.(使)破裂(break)n.裂(缝、纹)(split)craft n.工艺(art) vt.手工制作cramped a.(指空间)狭小的,狭窄的(limited)crater n.火山口;(弹)坑crawl v.n.缓慢(或费力)地行进,爬行(creep)creativity n.创造(力)credential n.证明书(certificate),文凭(diploma),资格(qualification) credit n.荣誉;学分;信用;银行存款vt.把…归给crest n.顶部(peak)crew n.全体船员;全体工作人员crippling a.令人震惊的(surprising)crisscross v.交叉往来crterion n.标准(standard)critic n.评论家,批评家(detractor)critical a.批评的,非难的(disapproving)critical a.非常重要的(essential,crucial);危急的critique n.批评,评论(criticism,comment)crow n.乌鸦crown n.王冠;顶,冠crucial a.至关重要的,决定性的(important,essential)crude a.天然的,未提炼的(unrefined);粗糙的(rough)crusade n.十字军(远征);运动(movement)vi.加入十字军,投身正义运动crush vt.碾碎(grind);使变形crust n.硬壳,地壳;面包皮crustacean n.甲壳类动物crystal n.水晶;晶体 a.透明的(clear);结晶状的cube n.立方体,立方cue n.暗示,提示(hint)cultivate vt.耕种;培养(bring up,foster)cultivated a.栽植的(grown);有修养的(educated)culture n.文化,文明;培养vt.培养cumbersome a.笨重的(awkward);麻烦的(troublesome)cuneiform a.楔形的n.楔形文字curiosity n.好奇心(desire to know)current a.当前的(ongoing)current n.(液体、气体的)流(stream);趋势(tendency)curriculum n.课程(course)curve n.曲线,弯曲vt.弄弯(bend)cushion n.垫子(pillow)vt.缓冲custom n.进口税(duties);海关cylinder n.圆柱体;汽缸dairy n.牛奶场;奶制品dam n.坝,堤damp a.潮湿的(moist)dated a.过时的(old-fashioned)dawn n.黎明;开端(outset)dazzling a.眼花缭乱的,耀眼的deadline n.最后期限,截止时间deadly a.致命的(deathful,fatal)dealer n.商人,小贩(businessman,peddler)debate n./v.辩论(argue);讨论,争论(discuss,dispute)debris n.废墟,残骸(ruin,remains);碎片(fragment)debut n./v.首次演出decade n.十年decay vi./n.腐烂(rot);衰落(decline)deceive vt.欺骗(trick)decent a.体面的(honorable);适当的(suitable);令人满意的(satisfactory) deceptive a.欺骗性的(fraudulent)deciduous a.每年落叶的decipher vi.破译,解释(decode)declaration n.宣言declare vt.表明(announce);宣称(assert)decline n./vi.下降(descend);衰退(decay)decode vt.译解(interpret)decompose v.分解(disintegrate);(使)腐烂(decay,rot)decorate vt.装饰(adorn,ornament)decrease vi.减少(diminish,reduce)n.减少dedicate vt.(使)致力于(devote),奉献dedication n.奉献;题献词defect n.瑕疵(flaw);过失defense n.防御,防卫(protection)deficiency n.不足,缺乏(lack)deficient a.不足的,缺乏的(inadequate)define vt.定义,解释(explain)definte a.清楚的,确切的(distinct,precise)definitive a.确定的,最后的deform v.(使)变形(distort)delegate n.代表(representative)vt.授权(authorize)deliberate a.审慎的,深思熟虑的(careful,cogitative)delicate a.易损的(fragial);微妙的(subtle);精巧的(exquisite)delicious a.美味的,可口的(tasty,savory)delight n.使人高兴的东西v.(使)愉快(please)deliver v.传递,传送(transmit,pass);陈述(state)delta n.(河流的)三角洲demanding a.苛求的(rigorous)democrat n.民主主义者,民主人士;美国民主党人democratic a.民主的demolish vt.拆除(dismantle);破坏(destroy)demonstrate vt.论证,表明(show)denote vt.表示(show)dense a.密集的,浓厚的(thick)dentist n.牙科医生deny vt.否认(negate);拒绝(refuse)depart vi.离开(leave,exit);背离(deviate)depend vi.依靠,依赖(rely);取决于(lie on)depict vt.描写,描述(present,describe);描绘(portray)deplete vt.使枯竭,耗尽(use up,exhaust)deposit vt.沉淀(settle);堆积(accumulate);存款deposit n.堆积物(accumulation)depression n.萧条(期)(recession);坑;低气压;沮丧(dejection) deprive vt.使丧失,剥夺(take away)derive vi.得自,源于(originate)descend vi.遗传(inherit);下降(fall)descent n.血统(ancestry);下降(drop)describe vt.描写,描述(portray,depict);称做(call)descriptive a.描述性的deserted a.荒废的(obsolete);无人的(void)deserve vt.应得,值得(be entitled to)designate vt.指定(name,appoint);任命(nominate)desire vt.想要,渴望desolate a.荒凉的(deserted)desperate a.令人绝望的(despairing)dessert n.(餐后)甜点destined a.注定的(doomed)destruction n.毁坏,毁灭(destroy)destructive a.破坏性的(ruinous)detect vt.发现,察觉(discover);探测(explore)detective n.侦探 a.侦探的deter vt.阻止(prevent)deteriorate vi.变坏;变质(erode)determine vt.确定(dictate);决定(decide)detest vt.憎恶(hate)devastate vt.破坏(ruin)device n.装置,设备(equipment,apparatus);手法(technique)devise vt.设计(contrive);发明(invent);想出(think out)devoid a.全无的(empty)devote vt.为…付出(时间、精力等);献身于(dedicate)作…之用devour vt.贪婪地吃;吞食(consume)diagnose vt.诊断diagonal a.倾斜的n.斜线dialect n.方言(idiom)diameter n.直径dictate vt.规定(regulate);决定(determine)diction n.措辞,用语(expression)diet n.饮食,食物vi.节食differentiate v.(使)不同,区别(distinguish)diffuse v.传播(travel);扩散(spread)a.散开的digest vt.消化,吸收(absorb)digestive a.消化的;助消化的dignity n.尊严;高贵(nobleness)dilemma n.进退两难的局面dilute vt.稀释;淡化(desalt)dim a.模糊的(faint);暗淡的(pale)dimension n.维(数);尺度(measure);方面(aspect)大小diminish v.减低重要性(debase,devalue);(使)变小(decrease)dinosaur n.恐龙dioxide n.二氧化碳diplomat n.外交官director n.导演;主管;负责人(principal)directory n.人名地址录;目录disadvantage n.缺点(drawback);不利(handicap)disaster n.灾难(catastrophe);彻底的失败discard vt.丢弃(reject)discern vt.洞悉(ascertain);识别(identify)discharge n.流出物;放电vt.释放(release)discipline n.纪律;科学(subject)vt.训练(drill);惩罚(punish)discount n.折扣discrete a.分离的(separate)discrimination n.识别,辨认(discernment)disease n.疾病(illness,sickness)disguise vt./n.掩饰(mask);伪装(pretend)disgust vt.厌恶,嫌恶(detest,loathe)disintegrate v.(使)瓦解(collapse);(使)碎裂(smash)disinterested a.无个人利害关系的;无私的dismal a.阴沉的(gloomy);忧郁的(blue)dismay vt./n.使气馁,使沮丧(discourage,deject)disorder n.混乱,动乱(chaos);失调(maladjustment)displace vt.取代(replace);移置display vt./n.陈列(exhibit);展示(demonstrate);显示(show) dispose v.使愿意做;除掉(get rid of)dispute n.争论(arguement);纠纷v.争论(debate)disrupt vt.使中断(interrupt);扰乱(disturb)disseminate vt.散布,传播(spread)dissolve v. (使)溶解(melt,liquefy);清除(eliminate)distinct a.明显的(visible);明确的;不同的(separate,different)distinguish v.区别,辨别(discriminate,differentiate);出名distort vt.弄歪(形状等)(twist);歪曲(misrepresent)distract vt.分散注意力,使…分心distress n.痛苦,不幸(pain,grief)distribute vt.分配,分发(parcel out);散布(scatter,spread)disturbance n.干扰(interference);骚动(stir)dive n./vi.跳水;潜水(submerge)diverse a.不同的(different);多样的(varied,various)diversification n.多样化diversity n.多样性(variety)divert vt.转移(distract);使娱乐(amuse,entertain)division n.划分(partition);除法doctrine n.教条,教义(dogma,teachings);学说(theory)documentary a.文献的;纪实的(realistic)n.纪录片documentation n.文件(file)dolphin n.海豚domain n.领域(field);领土(territory)domestic a.国内的(internal);家庭的(household);家养的dominate v.支配(monopolize);控制(control,rule)vi.盛行(prevail) donate vt.捐献(contribute);赠送(present)dormant a.静止的(inactive);休眠的(resting)dormitory n.宿舍(hostel)downtown ad./a.在市区(的),往市区(的)draft n.草图(sketch),草稿vt.起草 a.供役使的drain n.排水;消耗(expenditure)v.(使)流走(flow away)dramatic a.引人注目的(striking);戏剧性的(theatrical);生动的(vivid)drastic a.剧烈的(fierce,intense)drift n./vi.漂流;漂泊drill v.钻(孔),打眼(bore)n.钻(孔);操练(practice)drought n.干旱(期)dubious a.可疑的(questionable)ductile a.易延展的(plastic)due a.到期的;由于(owe to);预定的(scheduled)dull a.单调的(drab);迟钝的(slow)dump vt.倾卸,倾倒duplicate vt.复写,复制durable a.持久的,耐用的(long-lasting,lasting)dwarf n.侏儒;矮小的东西vt.使…显得矮小(outshine)dwelling n.住处(house)ease n.不费力Easter n.复活节eccentric a.古怪的;反常的(odd,abnormal)eclipse n.(日月)食vt.使相形见绌ecology n.生态,生态学economy n.经济(制度);节俭,节约(thrift,saving)ecosystem n.生态系统edible a.可食用的(eatable)edifice n.高大的或宏伟的建筑物editorial n.社论a.社论的eject vt.逐出(expel);喷出(erupt)elaborate a.精心计划(制作)的(detailed),复杂精美的(ornate,complex)elective a.选修的(optional)electricity n.电;电流electron n.电子elegant a.雅致的,高雅的element n.元素,要素(component);基础(foundation)elementary a.初级的(primary)elevate vt.举起,抬高(lift,raise)elicit vt.得出,引出(bring out,educe)eligible a.符合条件的,合格的(qualified)eliminate vt.消除;淘汰(eradicate,remove)elliptical a.椭圆的elm n.榆树eloquent a.雄辩的(expressive);动人的(appealing)elusive a.难懂的;难捕捉的embarrass v.(使)尴尬;(使)困窘embellish vt.修饰(decorate);渲染(exaggerate)emblem n.徽章(badge)embody vt.体现(express);含有(contain)embrace vt.乐意或渴望从事于(welcome)embryo n.胚胎;雏形emerald n.绿宝石emerge 显露;暴露(appear)eminent a.显著的;杰出的(outstanding,distinguished)emission n.散发(物),发射emit vt.发出(give off,produce);放射(radiate)emotion n.感情;情绪(sentiment,feeling)emotional a.感情(上)的,情绪(上)的emphasize vt.强调,着重;重读(stress)enactment n.制度(establishment)encase vt.包住(embed)enclose vt.围住;把…装入(信封、包裹等)encompass vt.包含(include);环绕(encircle)encounter n./vt.偶然碰到(come across);遭遇(meet)encourage vt.鼓励,促进(urge,stimulate)encroach vi.侵占,吞食endangered a.将要绝种的(extinct)endeavor vi./n.努力,尽力(strive,effort)endow vt.使天生具有;赋予endure v.忍受,忍耐(tolerate,suffer)enforce vt.实施,执行(carry out);强迫(compel)engaging a.迷人的(charming)engine n.引擎,发动机engraving n.雕刻术;版画(print)engulf vt.吞没(merge)enhance vt.提高(increase,improve);增强(enrich)enlightenment n.启发,启迪(illumination)enormous a.巨大的,极大的(remarkable,massive)enrich vt.使充实,使肥沃(fertilize)enroll v.登记(check in);注册(register)entail vt.牵涉(involve)enterprise n.公司(corporation);事业enterprising a.有事业心的,有进取心的(ambitious)entertain v.招待;使娱乐(amuse)enthusiasm n.热情(passion);积极性(positivity)entitle vt.使有权(做某事)entry n.进入(权);入口处(entrance)envelop vt.包围(surround,encircle)enzyme n.酶,酵素ephemeral a.短暂的,转瞬即逝的(transient)epic n.史诗 a.英雄的epidemic n.流行(popularity);流行病episode n.一段时期(period);(电视剧的)一集;一段情节epitomize vt.成为…的缩影epoch n.新纪元,时代(era)equal a.相同的(same)vt.等于(amount);相当于n.相等的人equator n.赤道equivalent a.相同的(identical);相当的(interchangeable)equivalent n.对等物(equal);等价物era n.纪元;时代(period of time,epoch)erect a.直立的(upright)vt.建立(establish)erode vt.侵蚀,腐蚀(corrode,rot)errand n.差事;差使(assignment,task)erupt vi.爆发(burst out)essay n.散文(prose),短文,评论(comment)essence n.本质,精髓(basic nature)essential a.基本的,本质的(substaintial);重要的establish vt.建立(set,enact);安置estate n.地产(lands)estimate v.估计(judge,reckon);估价(value)n.估价;估计eternal a.永恒的,不朽的(lasting)ethics n.道德规范;伦理学ethnic a.种族的(racial);民族的(national)。
CONVERSATION1. 课程相关事务场景♦D iscussion讨论, presentation 发言topic题目, lecture演讲slide滑过,幻灯片library图书馆, collection聚集,收藏品,check in 报到,记录check out借,结账离开librarian图书管理员♦R eport报道, office hour办公时间,师生互动时间, submit上交on disk在磁盘上hard copy纸质版, soft copy电子文件, print打印, computer lab电脑室♦P roject课题,理科生作业tons of大量, cover 包括,写过,报导re-write 重写, research data研究数据database数据库, input输入output输出, , complete完成♦T erm paper,期末论文grade成绩, complicated复杂的, terrible mistake严重的错误, edited version编辑过的版本, overtired过于劳累的, rushing against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记,成绩, draft草稿, print打印, final paper,期末论文maintaining average维持平均, application申请, drop放弃re-take再上一遍, extension延期, discuss讨论, check back查阅记录, re-reading重读, submission服从,提交(物),投降♦e xam schedule考试日程表, term术语,学期(mid-term期中考试), date日期, book,预定department部门,系, invigilator监考人, sign up注册, sheet纸张,单bulletin board公告栏faculty lounge老师休息室, square广场, draft,草稿dean院系主任, review复习,评论, draw up起草, manually用手,手动的, consult商量,请教, register登记♦P hysiology 生理学, sophomore大二学生, junior student大三学生,senior student 大四学生,second year course大二课程, first year student一年级学生, transfer转学, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂讲课, introduce介绍, approach接近,方法, laws of physics and chemistry物理和化学定理, process of life生命的过程, vital force生命力, philosophical approach哲学方法, scientific experimentation科学实验♦F inal exam期末考试, midterm期中考试, multiple choice question多选题, essay question问答题,论述题comprehensive exam综合题, subject科目, textbook教科书, class note课堂笔记the final will count for 50% of your grade期末成绩将占你总成绩的50%,research project研究科目, run into problems遭遇问题♦S chool bulletin board学校公告栏, required course 必修课,first year student一年级学生, third year student3年级学生, research paper研究论文, final format最终格式, hand in上交, assignment作业, final grade期末成绩♦different concept不同的观念, hand in上交, issue发出,发行,问题revision 修正,复习, proposed topics所推荐的题目make comment作出评论the most frequent problem很多频繁的问题, broad宽的, preliminary outline最初的纲要, schedule时间表, available可利用的, appointment约定, final outline 最终的大纲, no more than two pages long不超过2个页长,thesis statement 论文观点, precise statement明确的观点, conclusion结论♦W orkshop研讨会, intensive加强的, techniques and skills技术和技能, personal attention 个人的注意力, advantage优势♦C onsecutive summer接下来的夏季, community center社区中心, workshop 研讨会, beginning students初学生, advanced students高学生, last four weeks前四个星期, credit(学分,积分)is awarded给予学分, spring break 美国各大学的春季休息,春假♦D iscuss讨论, administer管理, attendance出席, optional class选修课2. 相关事务+专业讨论场景♦C ourse课程, summer session暑假课程, elective n.选修课程, bird course容易的课程, splendor光彩,显赫, lecture hall,演讲厅lab实验室, tough decision艰难的问题, pick选择,挖, choose选择, relaxed放松, advice劝告♦E nquiry询问, credit course学分课程, off-campus在校外, program课程, remote远程, access使用,进入, internet因特网, degree学位distance education远程教育, diploma毕业证书, requirement要求, format格式, printed materials打印材料, audio-tapes磁带, video视频, teleconferencing 电话对话的, deliver投递, cost花费, fixed date固定日期, history历史,历史学♦D rop降低,退(课)fail,不及格flunk不及格math 数学, rough粗糙的, test,试验med school医学院♦U se your advice使用你的建议, premed医学预科生, introductory course介绍课程, non-science major主修科学, be weak in在某一方面是弱项, do poorly in在某些方面较弱, meet at the same time遇见在同一时间, modern drama course现代戏剧课程♦S emester学期, enroll in登记, 注册graduate course研究生课程, qualified 有资格的, hard time keeping up有困难跟上, favorite interest喜欢的兴趣, challenging反对,挑战的,要求, easy grade 容易混学分的课程♦P ermission to register允许注册, take the prerequisite先决条件, the beginning course课程开始, catalog目录, instructor教员,指导书, previous experience以前的经验, formal training正式的培训, decision决定♦S ignature信号,签名, schedule card选课卡, advisor’s approval导师赞同, quite a heavy load相当沉重的负担, drop the course放弃课程, seminar讨论会♦S ign up for a noncredit course报名没有学分的课程, intermediate level中级的水平, regular meeting定期的会议♦T ransfer转学, bachelor’s degree学士学位, associate degree, selectives选择性的, letters of recommendation推荐信♦H ard course艰难的进程rehearsal练习,训练, extra time额外的时间, once a week一星期一次♦F light program飞行计划,license执照, excellent reputation极好的声望3. 迟到旷课场景♦f eel good感觉好, point out指出, chapter章,回textbook课本, divide分开, project课题, focus重点, due到期的show up显示出, transcribe抄写,email电子信函♦o versleep睡过头, talk about谈论关于♦l ecture series讲座系列, attend出席,照顾,致力于, admission允许,录取♦f ill me in something: to tell sb about recent events,esp because they havebeen away from a place♦e g. You’d better fill me in on what’s been happening.dentist牙科医生, emergency紧急情况,非常时刻, missed somebody’s lecture错过某人的演讲, note笔记,记录,注意, make sense能说的通sense of humor/achievement/responsibility幽默感/成就感/责任感4. 转学场景♦g rad school 研究生院,public university公立的大学, private university私人的大学, community college社区学院, reputation名声class size班级大小, personal attention个人注意力, individual attention特别, interact互相影响, group discussion讨论团体, tuition学费,讲授, expense消费,开支, cost 花费, afford提供, affordable负担的起, location位置, environment环境, large city大城市, small town小城镇, college town学院城镇, top student顶尖学生, application申请,应用, experience经历,经验, special特别的,专车,特刊5. 实验室场景♦L aboratory实验室, research procedure研究程序, lab assistant实验室助手, retrieve information恢复信息, track the course追踪进程, monitor班长,监控,监视器, track the progress跟踪进度♦L ab instructor实验室教员, lab experience实验室经验, setup计划,设置,机构, equipment设备, result结果,产生, grade成绩, lab notebook实验室手册, proper precautions预先措施, protective goggles护目镜, toxic effect of chemicals化学品有毒的影响, lab procedure实验室程序, heavy metal重金属♦W orkbook工作手册,练习本, material重要的,材料, experiment尝试, available可利用的,有效的6. 图书馆场景♦L ibrary图书馆, spread out伸展出去, focus焦点, jam拥挤,果酱, spot地点,认出,恰巧, crowd人群,拥挤, comfy舒服的,轻松的,comfirm证实,far away 遥远的♦f inish完成,结束, renew更新,重申,renew a book续借, library card图书馆卡, late最近的,晚的;晚, mixed up使混合, request请求, fine罚款, overdue 过期的, pay工资,付, process处理,过程, sign符号,签名, suspend推迟,使暂停, privilege优待borrowing privilege借书特权(延长借书的时间)♦L ibrarian图书管理员, facilities设备, reference room资料室, reference material参考资料, dictionary字典, bibliography参考书目, literature guide文学指南, telephone book电话本, periodical room期刊室, newspaper报纸, magazine杂志, academic journal学术期刊, current issue现期刊物, back issue过期发行物, card catalog卡片目录, listed by title通过标题列出, by author and by topic依据作家和题目, call number电话号码♦R eturn返回,报答, shelves架子,check out借, reserve book预定书籍, overnight use 只出借一夜(的书)♦s econdhand bookstore二手书的书店, inscription题词,刻印, front cover封面,机壳前盖, signature签名,信号, poetry book诗卷♦p aperback section平装部分, index索引搜索♦e xit gate大门出口reserve预订,储备, additional copy额外的副本, article 物品,文章7. 课堂内容讨论场景♦b ursary大学奖学金,财务办公室, department部门,系, financial aid财政的援助, monetary财政的, grant授予,同意, determine决定, committee委员会, donor捐赠者, apply for申请,请求, financially金融上, in need在需要, consider认为, out-of-town城外的, requirement要求, website网站, on-line 上线, official官方的,官员, document文件, in person亲自,外貌上♦S cholarship学问,奖学金, available可利用的,有效的, maintain维持, average平均的, mark标记, apply for申请,请求, applicant申请人, committee委员会, honor信用,荣誉, award奖品, candidate候选人, weight 重量, guarantee担保, grade point average (GPA)平均分数, percent百分比, website网站, address地址, rigorous严格的, extra-curricular课外, hardship 困苦, achievement成就,完成, letter of recommendation推荐信, fill满足,被充满, time consuming job耗时的工作, recommend推荐, eligibility合格,适任, enrollment入学,注册8. 论文场景♦O rganize组织, essay小论文topic题目, chosen选择,精选的, broad宽的, narrow it down沿着狭窄的, compare比较, focused专心的,聚焦, interested 感兴趣的, begin开始,首先, discussion讨论, opinion意见,主张, fact实际, support支持, check检查, statistics统计学, percentage百分率, include包括, words语言,字, rough draft草稿, break down打断, subtopic小标题, reference 引用,参考,证明, material题目,主题,一般规则♦R esearch paper研究论文, discuss讨论, theory理论,推测, work progress工作进度♦R eport报告, subject科目, catalog目录, published source已发布的资料, gather material收集材料♦I nformation信息, plagiarize抄袭, failing grade失败的成绩, gather收集, assimilate the information thoroughly彻底地吸收信息, paraphrase释义, capture the mian idea获得主意, quote directly直接地应用, finalize the research paper完成研究论文♦D raft草稿, clear up the problem澄清这一问题9. 实地考查场景♦L ist列表, supply供给, on site, kit装备,工具箱, notebook笔记本, axe斧, glove 手套, instrument工具, measure测量,程度,尺寸, clean使干净,打扫, cancel 取消, weather天气,露天的, clothes衣服, outside外部的,在…范围之外, food 食物, snack小吃, transportation运输, transport运输, dig挖♦T rip leader旅行领袖, participate参与,分享,分担, report报告, field trip野外旅行10. 体育运动场景♦S pring cycling season春天骑自行车的时节, regular hobby一般嗜好, physical fitness routine日常健身例行要做的事, bicyclist骑脚踏车的人, expert riders熟练的骑手♦E ndurance test忍耐力测验, recreational cyclists娱乐骑自行车的人, racers比赛者♦S ki patrol滑雪巡逻队, ski patroller滑雪巡逻员, safety安全♦P hysical education class 体育课, rock climbing攀登岩石, rope绳, belt地带, buckle扣住, safety equipment安全设备,游玩场景♦B reak休息,打破,突变, racket球拍, reserve a court预定一个球场♦R ock concert摇滚音乐会, vacation假期,搬出, weather天气,露天的,风化11. 打工场景♦S ummer break暑假, excellent opportunity极好的机会, practice练习, dilemma 困境, difficult decision困难的决定, plan计划, volunteer志愿者, NGO (nongovernmenal organization)民间组织, chance可能性,机会, share分享, interesting有趣的, spend花费, accept同意, program程序, interview面试, company公司, application申请, apply for申请, money钱, advice建议♦T ough艰苦的, stressed有压力的,紧张的, dread可怕的, cram for the exam 临时抱佛脚(为准备考试)part-time兼职, balance平衡, hit the book k书, energy活力, tired疲倦的, sconsolation安慰, get through到达,做完, fondness爱好♦A nnouncement通告, hire租金,工钱,出租, part-time assistant兼职助理, experience经历, daily每日的♦L aboratory assistant研究室助手, fill out an application填一张申请表, fit into my schedule(将某事)安排进我的时间表♦V ariety of job opportunities多样的工作机会, responsible for有责任的, volunteer志愿者, service服务,维修, postions are open空缺的职位, link of service维修环节, career training职业培训, demand physical endurance需要身体的忍耐力, receive no salary没有薪水收到, pay for living expense支付生活开销, housing and food allowance住房和伙食补助, additional information 额外的信息♦I nternship实习, career opportunities事业机会, working experience工作经历, short term experience简短的学期经验, permanent employment永久就业full-time专职的,全日制的, academic credit学分, supervise管理,指导,监督, hand out分发, career advisory service职业咨询服务, living expense生活开销♦R un奔跑,管理,经营, marathon马拉松赛跑, motivator动力, inspire鼓舞, positive积极的, sponsor保证人,赞助, tons of money许多钱,♦I ntroduce介绍, volunteer志愿者, salary薪水, ceremony典礼, alumni男校友12. 报到注册场景♦R egistration注册,登记,挂号, time时间, determine决定, first year student 一年级学生, mail邮件, designated date指定的日期, specific time特定的时间, admission letter 录取信(通知), average平均, previous以前的, session会议,学期,开会, pay支付, credit card信用卡, bank银行,岸, teller讲述者,计票员, confirmation slip确认错误, in person亲自♦R egistration注册, date日期,约会, newly admitted student最近承认的学生, undergraduate大学生, junior晚辈,大三学生, sophomore大二年级生, returning student回归生, senior高级的,年长的, check检查, pay attention专心, time时间,定期的, register注册,记录,登记, designated time指定的时间, pay支付, fee小费, financial aid财政的援助, financial officer财政的公务员, sponsor保证人,赞助, authorization letter认可信, on-line上线13. 校园生活场景♦m eal ticket 饭票,student card 学生卡,cafeteria 自助餐厅,move迁居,移动, accent口音,pod豆荚, international group国际团体, major主要的,成年人,主修, lucky幸运的, excellent极好的, booklet小册子, regulation规则,管理, rule规则,统治, conductive传导的, self-policed自身的治安, problem难题, allow允许, smoke烟, cook煮, plug插头, dryer烘干机, voltage电压, alarm警报, kitchen厨房, leftover残余物, clean-up day打扫日, hot water热水, meter 公尺, washroom洗手间, laundry facility洗熨设备, basement地下室, conserving energy保存能力, lounge area休息室, heat高温,压力, air-conditioning空气调节, storage area仓库, permit允许, hallway门厅, community space社区空间, prior notification优先的告示, safe安全的,保险箱, valuable有价值的, housekeeper管家, vacuum cleaner吸尘器, lock锁, key 钥匙, fire prevention equipment炉火预防设备, arrange安排, in advance预先,提前, religious propaganda宗教的宣传, dorm宿舍, furnishing:an article of furniture for the interior of a building, park公园,停放♦R oommate室友, dormitory宿舍,住宅的, unpacking our things取出用品, neat 优雅的,平滑的,齐整的♦H ousing office住宿办公室, living off campus在校外住宿, cost花费, rent租金,出租,租借, utilities实用工具, need a car to commute用一辆车的交换, noisy 响声,嘈杂的, peace and quiet安静♦W inter break寒假, dean院长,系主任, vacation arrangement假期准备, fill up the forms填满表格, heating cost暖气费,temporary accommodation暂时的住处♦H ousing director住宿主管, checkout procedure借出手续, leave for vacation 动身去度假, return your key归还你的钥匙, maintenance crew 物业, residence advisor宿舍舍监, pass around大约经过♦A partment公寓, dump倾倒,倒垃圾, functional功能的, noisy响声,嘈杂的14. 医院场景♦D iagnose诊断, patient’s illness患者的疾病, painful痛苦的, technological advance先行的技术, blood and tissue sample血液和组织样本, diagnostic techniques诊断的技术, detect diseases发现疾病, X rays X射线, side effect 副作用, uncomfortable不安的, endure pain忍耐疼痛♦M edical clinic and infirmary医院, nursing staff护理人员, get sick生病, a really bad cold重感冒, develop terrible coughs发生很糟糕的咳嗽, pneumonia肺炎, stay in the infirmary呆在医院, don’t feel well身体不好, rest more and skip a few classes休息和翘一些课, have medical excuse 请病假, emergency number紧急号码♦M odern medical facility近代的医学设施, health needs健康需要, dental clinic 牙医诊所, maternity ward产科病房, operating room(外科)手术室, special sugery特殊手术, surgeons外科医生♦S tudent Health Services学生健康检查部门, blood pressure(生理)血压, university nutritionists大学营养学家, processed foods加工食品, universityhospital大学医院♦P ain疼痛, discharge排放, slight earache轻微的耳痛, take it easy放轻松♦P revention阻止, symptoms症状, cough咳嗽, fever发热, chill寒心, flu流感, influenza流行性感冒, overtired累过头的, stressed out压得,累得喘不过气, virus病毒, sneeze打喷嚏,喷嚏, airborne virus靠空气传播的病毒, body’s resistance 身体抵抗力, ward off the flu避开流感, immune system免疫系统, fight off illness击退疾病, immunized免疫的,使免疫, vaccine疫苗,疫苗的, university health center大学健康中心。
政治、经济学类subsistence 存活,生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系,血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票;收据;账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft) 承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression 大萧条consumerism 消费主义(认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法);保护消费者权益主义affluence 富裕,富足sophisticated 世故的,老练的;复杂的,尖端的教育学higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员/财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程(总称)discipline 学科/管理learn by rote死记硬背encyclopedias 百科全书/专科全书建筑学architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构Cabin 小木屋Beam 梁Proto type 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle 城堡动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian / amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物(如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等)•herbivore['hə:ɔ:, 'hə:bə.vɔ:]食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠;蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes / swarms (昆虫等)群flock (牛、羊等)群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生;卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的;流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed (名词)品种;(动词)繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰水生动物jelly fish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab 螃蟹mussel 贻贝;蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼;乌贼burro / octopus 章鱼sole 鳎;鳎目鱼plaice 鲽,红斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak (老鼠等)吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣鸟类robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟、虫的叫声)vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill (鸟)嘴beak (鹰等的)嘴昆虫insect 昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜Aluminum 铝Tin 锡Lead 铅Zinc 锌Nickel 镍Mercury 汞/水银Sodium 钠Gem 宝石Diamond 钻石Emerald 绿宝石Ruby 红宝石Glacier 冰川Glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山(平缓)(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山(陡峭)eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera (开口较大的)火山口depression 洼地,凹陷处;盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线Longitude 经线/ 经度Elevation 海拔Altitude 高度/ 海拔Horizon 地平线Equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区Tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈Aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布;喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展Evaporation 蒸发Salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床Sediment 沉积物Tropical 热带的temperate 温带的Frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原,冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord 峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水Ridge 山脊;分水岭Abyss 深渊territory 版图;领土;地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice 悬崖eon 世;纪;代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖考古学archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人(科)homogeneous 同以种族(种类)的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画美术(绘画和雕塑)fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色,色素canvas 油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue 塑像unique 唯一的/独特的animator 漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝purple 紫色能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission (汽车废气的)排放soot 烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current (气)流moisture 潮湿,水气spell 某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet (水、冰、雪的)一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐;浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析;卫星云图artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的/(物)多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的摄影photographer 摄影家panorama 全景照片snap shot 快照developing 冲洗enlarge 放大foreground 前景background 背景high definition 高清晰度close-up 特写out of focus 调焦不准exposure 曝光instant camera 拍立得camera lens 相机镜头tripod 三脚架dark room 暗室wide angle lens 广角镜头long focus lens 长镜头filter 滤色镜生态学ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes (有毒的)废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel (噪音)分贝biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine 海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue (动植物细胞的)组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number 数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的,遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母(菌)bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment 营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall 细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/ 变形mutation 变种variation 变异天文学astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body 天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空,外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere 光球;光球层chromospheres 色球;色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子(发生在光球层)flare 耀斑(发生在色球层)solar prominence 日珥(发生在色球层)convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪,干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year 闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年微生物学antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism 现代主义aestheticism 唯美主义musical instrument 乐器orchestra (管弦)乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号;喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell (硬)果壳husk (干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇(灌木)fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的;不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉)glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的,嫩绿的,翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏;杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦。
新托福学术词汇Arts电影:animated cartoon卡通片cameraman摄影caption字幕cartoon卡通片cast演员表;全体演员close-up特写镜头director导演documentary纪录片editing剪接feature film故事片illumination照明light effect灯光效果long shot远摄montage蒙太奇newsreel新闻片review试演script电影剧本setting布景shoot film拍摄电影sound effect音响效果studio电影厂theme song主题歌建筑学:aquarium水族馆architecture建筑学architect建筑学家archives档案馆beambuilding material建筑材料building techniquecabincastle城堡cathedral大教堂constructionconstruct建设designdesign elementelevatorgas station 加油站glass boxlog structuremetal-framemosque清真寺new materialoffice building写字楼planetarium天文馆prototype原型pyramid金字塔repair person修理工skyscraper摩天楼Sphinx狮身人面像styleten stories highthe Statue of Liberty自由女神像the Triumphal Arch凯旋门wallwing侧楼美术(绘画和雕塑):brush 画笔bust半身雕塑像canvas油画布caricature漫画charcoal drawing木炭画copy临本drawing board画板engraving版画fake假的figurine小雕像fine arts美术fresco 壁画gallery美术馆genuine真的landscape painting风景画lithograph石版画mix colors 调色mural壁画mural painting壁画oil painting油画original原作pastel 彩粉画perspective 透视画法portrait肖像画replica复制品reproduction复制品sculptor雕塑家sculpture雕塑sketch速写;素描statue塑像still life静物画water color水彩画sculptor雕塑家摄影:background背景camera lens相机镜头close-up特写darkroom暗室depth of field景深developing冲洗enlarge放大exposure曝光filter滤色镜focus焦点foreground 前景high definition高清晰度instant camera拍立得lens镜头focus lens长镜头out of focus调焦不准panorama全景照photograph photographer摄影家snap shot快照tripod三角架wide angle lens广角镜头文学:prose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrative prose 叙述descriptive prose描写性essay随笔model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学Realism现实主义Modernism现代主义Aestheticism唯美主义protagonist主人公舞蹈:ba11et芭蕾舞ballerina芭蕾舞女演员choreographer芭蕾舞设计者choreography芭蕾舞设计corps de ballet芭蕾舞团dancer舞蹈家discotheque青年人跳舞的舞厅foxtrot狐步舞pas de deux双人舞pas de trois三人舞pas seul单人舞prima ballerina演主角的芭蕾舞女演员primo ballerina演主角的芭蕾舞男演员solodance独舞tango探戈waltz华尔兹c horeographer舞蹈编排家音乐学:musical instrument乐器orchestra乐队string弦乐wind管乐shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum击鼓footbeat点脚,跺脚percussion震荡,打击乐器note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatica l 狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐jazz爵士乐accompaniment伴奏accordionist手风琴演奏家anthem国歌aria唱段band music管乐baton指挥棒brass band铜管乐队cello大提琴chamber music室内乐chamber music室内音乐choral society合唱团chord和弦chorus合唱clarinet单簧管classical music古典音乐composer作曲家concerto协奏曲conductor指挥ensemble重奏;重唱fanatical flute长笛folk music民间音乐foot beat harmony和声harp竖琴instrumental music器乐;弦interval音程keyboard instruments键盘乐器light music轻音乐march进行曲melody旋律octave八度opera歌剧oratorio清唱剧orchestra管弦乐overture序曲pianist钢琴家pitch音高rhythm节奏rock and roll摇滚乐scale音阶soloist独奏者;独唱者soloist独唱者sonata奏鸣典soprano女高音stringed instruments弦乐器symphonic music交响乐symphony交响乐tempo速度tune旋律verse歌词viola中提琴violin小提琴violinist小提琴家vocal music声乐wind instruments管乐器Humanities 地理:altitude 高度Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极Arctic 北极basin 盆地canyon 峡谷cavern (cave) 洞穴channel (strait) 海峡coastland 沿海地区continent 大陆continental drift 大陆漂移学说continental island 大陆岛continental shelf 大陆架coral island 珊瑚岛elevation 海拔equator 赤道evaporation 蒸发expedition 探险fieldstone 卵石formation 形成frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象geographer 地理学家geography 地理hemisphere 半球horizon 地平线island 岛屿islet 小岛latitude 经度longitude 精度lowland 低地meridian 子午线,经线ocean bottom 海床parallel 平行圈,纬线peninsular 半岛plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地ranges 山脉remote-sensing 遥感的salinity 含盐度sea-floor spreading 海床扩展sediment 沉淀物,沉积物subterranean ( underground) 地底下temperate latitudes 温带地区temperate 温带的terrain 地域terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁terrestrial 地球的,陆地的time zone 时区topography 地形,地形学tropical 热带的tropics 热带地区valley 峡谷volcanic island 火山岛考古学:ancestor 祖先ancient civilization 古代文明anthropologist 人类学家anthropology 人类学antique 古物,古董antiquity 古代,古老archaeologist考古学家archaeology考古学archeologist 考古学家archeology 考古学artifact 人造物品;手工艺品Bronze Age (青)铜器时代cave man居住在山洞里的人clan氏族;部落cluster丛生,群聚cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics文物dinosaur恐龙ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家excavate (unearth) 挖掘excavation 挖掘fossil化石hominid 原始人类homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的Iron Age 铁器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代的morphology 形态学Neolithic Age新石器时代Neolithic 新石器时代的origin 起源originate 起源于paleoanthropologist 古人类学家paleoanthropology 古人类学Paleolithic Age旧石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的paleontology古生物学prehistoric史前的psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家relic 遗物,文物remains 遗迹,遗骸Rock painting岩画ruins 遗迹,废墟skull 颅骨;头盖骨Stone Age石器时代tribe 部落Life sciences 动物学:amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物anatomy解剖学antenna (antennae) 触角appetite 食欲armor甲artery动脉baboon 狒狒barren 不孕育的bat 蝙蝠beak鸟嘴beast 野兽beaver狸bird 鸟breed繁殖calorie卡路里camouflage伪装canary金丝雀carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉的caterpillar毛虫caviar 鱼子酱centipede蜈蚣chameleon变色蜥蜴chimpanzee黑猩猩chirp唧唧喳喳叫cicada蝉circulatory system循环系统clam 蚌claw 爪子cockroach蟑螂coelenterate 腔肠动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物coral 珊瑚reef 礁crab 虾crab螃蟹crane鹤creature 动物cricket 蟋蟀digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶digestive system消化系统dinosaur 恐龙die out灭绝dolphin海豚domesticate 驯养eagle鹰earthworm蚯蚓entomology昆虫学excretory system排泄系统extinction灭绝falcon隼fat 脂肪fauna 动物群feathers羽毛fingernail 指甲flock羊群food chain 食物链frog青蛙gland 腺体gorilla 大猩猩grasshopper蚂蚱habitat 动物的生活环境hair毛发hatch 孵化herbivorous 食草的herd 牧群heredity遗传hibernate冬眠hibernation冬眠hive 蜂巢homotherm 恒温动物hordes 游牧民族hormonal system内分泌系统hormone荷尔蒙,激素horn 角hornet大黄蜂hygiene 卫生immunity 免疫ingestion 摄食insect 昆虫intestine 肠invertebrate无脊椎动物larva 幼虫larvae 幼虫lizard蜥蜴lobster龙虾malnourished 营养不良的mammal 哺乳动物mantis螳螂marine biology海洋生物学migrate 鸟类的迁徙mollusk 软体动物monogamous (动物)一雌一雄的moth 蛾子multiply 繁殖necrosis 坏疽nest巢omnivorous 杂食的organ 器官ornithology鸟类学otter水獭owl猫头鹰oyster 牡蛎paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家pancreas 胰腺parasite 寄生虫parasitic animal寄生动物parasitology寄生虫学penguin 企鹅poikilotherm 冷血动物polyandrous (动物)一雌多雄的polygamous (动物)一雄多雌的porpoise 海豚prawn 虾predator 捕食者predatory 食肉的prey 被捕食者primate 灵长类动物protozoa原生动物raccoon 浣熊rare animal稀有动物reproduce繁殖reproductive system生殖系统reptile 爬行类动物respiration呼吸respiratory system呼吸系统rhinoceros 犀牛rodent 啮齿类动物roe 鱼卵ruminant反刍动物salamander蝾螈scale 鳞片scales鳞scavenger 食腐动物scorpion蝎子secrete分泌secretion分泌;分泌物shell壳shrimp 虾snail 蜗牛social群居solitary独居spawn 卵;产卵spinal cord脊椎squeak 尖叫starfish海星stork鹳tadpole蝌蚪tentacle 触角toad 蟾蜍trapper 设阱捕兽者turtle 海龟vein 静脉vertebrate脊椎动物vestige 器官的蜕化vitamin 维生素vulture秃鹫warm-blooded animal温血动物wasp黄蜂whale 鲸wing 翅膀worm 虫zoology动物学barnacle, underwater, marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器predator捕猎者Darvinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择class纲order目family科genus属suborder亚目species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic( life)水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal)两栖动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insec t 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须larva幼虫,幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫,蠕虫hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龟beast野兽domesticate驯养predatory (carnivorous )食肉的predator捕食者prey(动词)捕食(名词)被捕食的动物scavenger食腐动物migrate迁移wing翅膀,翼bill(鸟)嘴beak(鹰等的)嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物(如松鼠)primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软件动物coelenterate腔肠动物(如珊瑚)shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟,虫的叫声)唧唧squeak(老鼠等)吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock (鸟,羊等)群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch(花等)束,捧beaver 海狸monogamous一夫一妻的 polygamous一夫多妻的,一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的,一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生态环境vestige退化器官,遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle触角homotherm恒温动物poikilotherm变温动物metabolism新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种,(动词)繁殖multiply(reproduce)繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young)解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature生物microbe 微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivorous 杂事的生物化学:amino acids氨基酸carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon dioxide二氧化碳glucose 葡萄糖organism 有机物oxidation氧化protein 蛋白质生物学:biologist生物学家gene 基因genetics 遗传学genetic engineering遗传工程speciology物种学bio-diversity生物多样性evolution进化Adaptation适应metamorphosis变态variation变异mutation of species 物种变异mutation变种ecology 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature)生态平衡cell细胞nucleus细胞核chromosome染色体immunology免疫学antibody抗体vaccine疫苗aquatic (life) 水生的微生物学:bacteria细菌bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌disinfection消毒enzymes酵母fermentation发酵inflection传染(感染) microbe微生物microorganism微生物sterilization灭菌toxin毒素植物学:alga(复数)海藻algae(pl. alga) 海藻annual plant一年生植物annual一年生的aquatic plant 水生植物bark树皮barren 贫瘠bean豆类植物blossom花bore 腔,肠botanical 植物的botanic植物的botanist 植物学家botany 植物学bough 大或者粗的树枝branch 树枝bud花蕾bush灌木cactus仙人掌calorie 卡路里(热量单位)canopy 树冠层,顶棚carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉),糖类cell 细胞chlorophyll叶绿素cluster(灌木)丛;一簇cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱corn 谷物crossbreed 杂交elm榆树eucalyptus桉树evergreen常绿树everlasting 永久的fat 脂肪fern 蕨类植物floraflower 花foliage (leaf) 叶fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类futile 无用的glucose 葡萄糖herbicide 除草剂husk (干)果壳;(玉米)苞叶immunity 免疫jungle 丛林larch落叶松lawn 草坪;菌苔leaflet 小叶leafstalk 叶柄leaf树叶lichen 地衣,苔藓malnourished 营养不良的marine biology海洋生物学meadow 草地;牧场microbiology微生物学moss 苔藓necrosis 坏死nectar花蜜nitrogen氮nutrition 营养orchid 兰花organ 器官organism 生物,有机物parasite plant 寄生植物peel (skin) 果皮perennial plant多年生植物perennial多年生的petal花瓣photosynthesis 光合作用photosynthetic (adj.)pine松树plankton浮游生物plant 植物pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollinate 对...授粉pollination授粉prairie 大草原protein 蛋白质rain forest 雨林redwood红木树root pressure 根压root根rosette (叶的)丛生sequoia 美洲杉;红杉shell (硬) 果壳shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽,抽枝;发芽shrub (bush) 灌木spruce云杉squash 南瓜stalk 茎,柄,杆starch 淀粉stem茎symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的system 系统tissue 组织trunk树干twig 小树枝vitamin 维他命walnut核桃树wither (shrivel; fade) 凋谢Physical sciences 地质学:active volcano 活火山alien 不同的altitude 海拔aluminum 铝Antarctic (Antarctica) 南极的apply应用aquifer蓄水层archipelago 群岛Arctic 北极arid干旱的atmosphereaurora 极光Autarkic Circle 南极圈barren贫瘠的basin 盆地bay 海湾bored holecanal运河canyon峡谷cataclysm 灾难;大洪水;地震cavern (cave) 大洞channel (strait) 海峡chilly寒冷的cliff悬崖coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线collide碰撞compact压紧,固结compressed扁平的concentrate集中conduct传导conflicting相冲突的,不一致的continent 大陆continental crust 大陆地壳continental drift theory大陆飘移说continental drift 大陆漂移continental island大陆岛continental shelf 大陆架converging收缩的copper 黄铜coral island 珊瑚岛core地核crack裂缝cranial 头盖的crater火山口crest山顶crevice断裂crust地壳cycle天体的循环dam水坝death Valley死火山debris碎片,岩屑decomposition 分解;腐烂delta三角洲demolish破坏,粉碎deposit 堆积物;沉淀物;沉积;矿床desert沙漠diamond 钻石diffuse传播,扩散disintegration (decomposition) 分解dispose处理,处置distribute散布,分布diversity多样性dormant volcano 休眠火山dormant静止的drill钻孔,钻通earthquake (quake; tremor; seism) 地震ecological 生态学的;社会生态学的edge边缘,边界elevation抬升;高地;海拔eliminate排除emerald 翡翠,绿宝石epicenter 震中equator 赤道Erie Canalerode侵蚀erosion腐蚀,侵蚀eruption火山喷发erupt爆发evaporate蒸发evaporation 蒸发excavate挖掘excavation 挖掘;出土文物expedition 远征;探险队extinct volcano 死火山extract开采,提炼fault plane 断层面fault zone断层面fault断层favored有利的fieldstone 大卵石forbidding可怕的,难接近的formation 形成;构成former创造者,模型frigid 寒冷的frontier边境;新开发的地带frost heaving冻涨现象funnel漏斗gem 宝石geographer 地理学家geography 地理学geologic survey地质调查geologist 地质学家geology地质学geomagnetism地磁学geothermal地热的glacial age冰川时期glacial drift 冰碛(qi4)glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川时期glacial period冰川时期glacial 冰川的;冰河时代的glacier 冰川gorge峡谷Grand Canyon大峡谷granite 花岗岩Great CanyonGreenwich mean time格林威治时间gulf海湾hemisphere半球hem给...镶边;包围highland高地hillside 山坡homogeneous 同类的horizon 地平线horizontal水平的hypothesize假设iceberg冰山igneous rock 火成岩inaccessible难接近的incandescent白炽的infertile贫瘠的inner core内核insulate隔离international date line国际日期变更线interval时间间隔intoxicate使陶醉island 岛屿islet 小岛knot山脉的交结点landlocked area内陆latitude 纬度lava 火山岩浆;熔岩layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层lead 铅;石墨limestone 石灰岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈lodge小屋longitude经度lower reaches下游lowland 低地magma 岩浆magnitude 地震震级mantle 地幔marble 大理石margin(湖,池等的)边缘melt使融化mercury 汞,水银meridian 子午线metamorphic rock mineral 矿物;矿石metamorphic rock 变质岩mineral 矿物molten lava岩浆morphology 生物学形态学mountain chain山脉mountain range山脉mountain slope山坡nickel 镍Nile RiverNorth Pole 北极oasis绿洲ocean bottom海床oceanic crust 海洋地壳offshore向海面吹的;离岸的orbit轨道ore 矿石origin 起源originate 起源outer core外核parallel 平行的peak山顶peninsula 半岛peninsular 海岛的plain 平原plate 板块plateau 高原;高地platinum 白金,铂poisonous有毒的potential潜在的precipice悬崖precipitate使蒸汽凝结而下降preferred首选的prevailing占优势的proclaim宣布,显示出psychological 心理学的quake地震quartz 石英quartzite石英岩range山脉,多山的地区ravine峡谷receptacle容器,内存reclaim开垦,垦殖reef 暗礁reformation变形relic遗迹remains 残余物remnant残余物remote-sensing遥感的remove移动Richter scale 李氏震级ridge脊背rift (crack; split) 裂缝;断裂riverbed河床ruby 红宝石ruins 废墟salinity 盐度sea-floor spreading海床扩展sedimentary rock 水成岩,沉积岩sediment沉淀物seismic wave 地震波seismic 地震的seismology 地震学seism地震silver 银slide使滑动slope斜坡smelt冶炼sodium 钠South Pole 南极speculate推测split裂缝spring fountain泉水spring泉水Stone Age 石器时代straits 海峡strata(stratum的复数)地层stratum 地层subcontinent次大陆subdue征服subterranean 地下的summit山顶swamp沼泽tear撕,泪水tectonics筑造学temperate latitudes温带地区temperate(气候)温和的terrain 地形terrestrial heat 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁学terrestrial 陆地thaw解冻the Antarctic Continent南极洲the North Pole北极the Northern Hemisphere北半球the South Pole南极the Southern Hemisphere南半球thrust插入,延伸tide 潮水time difference时差time-zone 时区tin 锡topography地形学,地貌学,地形top山顶toxic有毒的trample踩踏tremor地震tributary 支流Tropic of Cancer北回归线Tropic of Capricorn南回归线tropical rain forest热带雨林tropical 热带的tropics 回归线tunnel隧道,地道uncharted海图尚未标明的,未知的underground地下的unearth 挖出uniform相同的,一致的unreachable无法达到的upper reaches上游valley 山谷vault使构成拱顶vegetation植被venomous有毒的vertical垂直的volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic island火山岛volcanic火山的;火山岩volcano eruption火山爆发volcano 火山watershed 分水岭zinc 锌农业:agrarian 土地的,农业的agricultural 农业的aquaculture 水产养殖barley 大麦barn(shed) 牲口槽beet 甜菜broccoli 花椰菜buffalo 野牛cabbage 洋白菜carrot 胡萝卜cattle 牛,家畜celery 芹菜clay 黏土,湿土clod 土块corn 玉米cotton 棉花cowshed 牛棚cucumber 黄瓜cultivate (till) 耕作dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场eggplant 茄子fish farm 养鱼场fodder (feed) 饲料fowl (poultry) 家禽furrow 犁沟garlic 大蒜grain (cereal) 谷物,谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室harrow( rake) 耙,耙土harvest 收割hay (作饲料用)干草haystack 干草堆horticulture 园艺学husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业hydroponics 水栽法,营养液栽培法insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂irrigate 灌溉land (soil) 土壤;土地leek 韭菜lettuce 生菜livestock 家畜lustmanure(fertilizer) 肥料mill 碾,磨millet 粟,小米mustard 芥菜nursery 苗圃oats燕麦onion 洋葱头orchard 果园pasture 牧场pea 豌豆peanut 花生pepper 辣椒pest 害虫pick 稿pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈pilot (experimental ) 试验性的plantation 种植园plot (patch)小块地potato 土豆pumpkin 番瓜radish 小红萝卜ranch 农场,牧场rice 大米ridge 田埂roost (hen house) 鸡舍rust 锈病rye 黑麦seedbed 苗床sesame 芝麻sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏shovel (平头) 铲sickle 镰刀silt 粉砂,泥沙soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失sorghum 高粱sow(seed) 播种soybean 大豆spade 铲,锹spinach 菠菜spray 喷洒(农药)stable 厩,马厩tomato 西红柿tractor 拖拉机trough 饲料槽vegetable 蔬菜weed 除草wheat 小麦气象学:atmosphere 大气层avalanche (snow slide) 雪崩blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪blizzard 暴风雪breeze 微风climate 气候condense 浓缩convection 对流crystal 水晶体current (气)流cyclone 气旋damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的devastation 破坏dew露disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难downpour (torrential rain) 大雨drizzle 细雨droplet 小水珠drought 旱灾dust storm 尘暴evaporate 蒸发fog (mist) 雾forecast (predict) 预报forecaster 预报员frost 霜冻funnel 漏斗,漏斗云gale 大风hail 冰雹heat-wave 热浪humidity 湿度hurricane 飓风lightening闪电long-range weather forecast 长期天气预报meteorologically气象学meteorologist 气象学家meteorology 气象moisture 潮湿;水分precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水rainbow彩虹sandstorm沙暴saturate 饱和severe tropical storm 强热带风暴shower 阵雨smog 烟雾submerge 淹没tempest (storm) 暴风雨thunder雷tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风tornado 龙卷风tropical depression 热带低气压troposphere 对流层typhoon 台风vapor 蒸汽whirlwind 旋风meteorology气象学meteorologist气象学家生态环保学:acid rain 酸雨air monitoring空气监测air pollution空气污染balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放climatic change长期的气候变化decibel (噪音)分贝deforest滥伐森林desertification沙漠化deteriorate恶化disposal废物处理drought干旱ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统el Niño厄尔尼诺现象emission(汽车废气的)排放energy conservation保护能源exhaust fumes废气fauna 动物群flood洪水flora 植物群food chain食物链fuel-efficient节能型的fumes (有毒)废气greenhouse effect 温室效应industrial sewage工业污水infrared radiation 红外线辐射noise pollution 噪音污染noxious (toxic) 有毒的ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层pollutant污染物pollution control 污染控制pollution污染pollution-free 无污染process of photo synthesis光合作用purify净化rain forest 雨林recycle回收利用recycling center再循环利用中心recycling再循环sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage disposal污水处理sewage purification 污水净化sewage污水soil pollution 土壤污染solid waste固体废物soot烟尘ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射upper atmosphere上层大气waste 废物wastewater废水water pollution 水污染zero emission零辐射天文学:absolute magnitude绝对量级ammonia氨, 氨水anticlockwise direction 逆时针方向asteroid小行星astrology占星术astronaut 太空人, 宇航员astronomer天文学家astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory天文台, 气象台astrophysics天体物理学black hole黑洞celestial天上的celestial body天体celestial map天体图celestial sphere天球centripetal force向心力centrifugal force 离心力chromospheres色球clockwise direction 顺时针方向cluster星团comet彗星constellation n.天星群, 星座convection zone对流层corona日冕cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙射线cosmic rays宇宙射线cosmology宇宙学cosmos宇宙dwarf 矮星dwarf star矮星Earth地球eclipse (日/月)食emission发射,散发galaxy星系;银河Greenwich mean time格林威治时间heavenly body 天体high–resolution高清晰度infinite 无限的infrared ray 红外线interferometer干涉计,干扰仪intergalactic星系间的international date line国际日期变更线interplanetary行星间的, 太阳系内的interstellar恒星间的Jupiter木星leap year闰年light year 光年luminosity光度lunar calendar 阴历lunar月球的Mars火星Martian火星的Mercury水星meteor流星meteor shower流星雨meteorite陨石meteoroid 流星体Milky Way银河系naked eye肉眼nebula 星云Neptune 海王星observatory天文台orbit轨道outer atmosphere大气层photosphere 色球层planet行星planetarium天文馆planetoid 小行星Pluto 冥王星polestar 北极星pseudoscience伪科学quasar 恒星状球体, 类星体radiation辐射,射线revolution公转revolve旋转,绕转rotation自转satellite卫星Saturn土星sky atlas 天体图solar calendar阳历solar corona日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation太阳辐射solar system太阳系outer space外太空space太空,外层空间space debris太空垃圾space shuttle航天飞机space suit太空服space telescope空间望远镜spacecraft太空船spaceship太空船spaceman 宇航员,太空人spin 旋转star恒星star cluster星团stellar 恒星的sunspot太阳黑子the Big Dipper 北斗七星time difference时差time zone时区twinkle闪烁universe宇宙Uranus天王星vacuum真空Venus金星astronomy, illusive object, cosmos宇宙Brown Dwarf, gaseous bodies, planet, massive, ignite, star, heaven, celestial天体的faint微弱的universe, comet, meteor流星astronomer, observatory天文台telescope, image, astronomical object, remote, feeble微弱的Social sciences心理学:conformity 一致;符合;从众majority 多数人mental 精神的minority 少数人physical 躯体的,物质的,物理的mental 心理的spiritual 精神的;心灵的subject 受实验物件;学科threshold judgment (心理学)初始性判断政治学:accusation 谴责,指控Amendment 修正案American Civil War 美国内战American Revolution 美国革命anarchism 无政府主义breathtaking 激动人心的centralized 中央集权的colonize 拓殖,殖民Congress 美国国会conspiracy 阴谋constitution 宪法Democrats 民主党election 选举federal system 联邦制House of Representatives 众议院ideology 意识形态immigrant 移民imprisonment 监禁Independence War 美国独立战争independent 独立的institutionalize 机构化legislation 立法maneuver 擦略metropolitan 大都市的military 军事的monarchy 君主制municipal 市的,市政的office holding 任职overturning 颠覆性的pardon 特赦patronage 资助,赞助per capita 人均politics 政治presidential system 总统制radical 激进的,根本的release 释放Republicans 共和党Senate 参议院tariff 关税treason 叛国unionization 联合,结合veto 否决vote 投票welfare 福利。