研究生英语翻译完全版2[1]
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Unit 1成功机构,以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功,绝不落下任何人,这也是成功经营一个企业的典范??”——霍华德·舒尔茨1. 英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么?它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明,成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么?因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下,但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业,那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们,主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?我们至少可以列出四条:第一,它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二,它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4. 那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作,他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司:星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5. 让你在咖啡中醒来!——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商,星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
一、A Working Community1. I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It does not say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address.This membership comes f rom her hospital work.我有一个朋友,她是医学界的一员。
当然,这在有她家庭住址的信笺上是找不到的。
她的这个成员身份来自她的医院工作。
2. I have another friend who is a member of the computer community. This is a fairl y new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我有另一个朋友,他是电脑圈的一员。
这是我们的经济的一个相当新的分支,但是他在这里找到了自己的归属感。
3. Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic communi ty, or the business community, or the journalistic community.我的其他朋友和熟人是学术界,商界,或新闻社区的成员。
4. Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong。
虽然在任何地图上找不到这些,我们却知道自己的归属。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是,我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区,也不是后来我们搬了进来。
Unit 1●翻译:(黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同,斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏)passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质,因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间,我们的安全感被冲破了,平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
toto put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby.Unit 4●翻译:1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caughtup in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1)过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中,被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be abuilt-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
研究生英语课后翻译中英文对照(最终稿)第一篇:研究生英语课后翻译中英文对照(最终稿)Unit1 1.“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut.“One way that companies win is by getting …there‟ faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where …there‟ is!This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions.This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”(第一章P29 第一段)“一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
Unit 1Translation of Text如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。
例如,如果一位女士走到我跟前,说道:“你的胡子最迷人,”我会无所适从,不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出:“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中,应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多,这话听起来有点矛盾,却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话,往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如,有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话,我们就慌得说不出话来,膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时,我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上,俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道:“天哪!你这儿的景色太美了!”整个山谷原本就在那里,不是我造的,也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说:“噢,没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时,表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就是,还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前,我和一批人在一起时,其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星,是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时,一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女,禁不住说道,“嗯,我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为,对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊!”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢,这么破的旧衣服!”你回答道。
这种情景,与我上述提出的观点非常相似。
别人赞美你的礼服,你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。
如果你这么说,“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的,”你可能会感觉更好些。
Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识,是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度,就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire,它的意思是“知道”。
所以,从广义上讲,科学不过是指我们所知道的事情,是人类知识的总和。
但是,把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的,因为很明显,有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富,与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说,文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
1,Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture,中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线,which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。
Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before.当今,烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。
A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants,10年前,北京只有几千家餐馆,while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。
2,Regional Chinese Cuisines地方美食It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming(1368 - 1644)dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.众所周知,明朝以来出现了八大菜系,They came from Shangdong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces.分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。
In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,除了这些传统菜系,中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化:as almost every place has it own local specialties,每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜,and as the differrent cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。
研究生英语2课文翻译【研究生英语2课文】How to deal with complimentsH. Allen SmithAlthough I am sure that beards can make me more distinguished, walk on the street would make women laugh, but I'm from a beard, the reasonis that I did not dare to adventure, because even if a little beard also is very dangerous, it will attract other people's compliment. For example, if a woman comes up to me and says, "your beard is the most charming," I will be at a loss and I will not know what to say. I might panic and blurt out, "I like your beard, too."In social intercourse, it is much more difficult to cope with compliments than to deal with insults. It sounds paradoxical, but there is some truth in it. When it comes to small talk, most of us are at a loss. For example, when someone said a nice compliment and a compliment, we were too nervous to say anything, and our knees started to shake.I simply can't accept it if others praise it for something that is not really my own. My family lived on a hill overlooking a wide valley. The visitor exclaimed, "heavens! What a beautiful view you have here! The whole valley was there, not mine, nor mine. But I smirked and said, "oh, nothing - nothing but the land of the past."When I accept this particular compliment, the best way to say it is "well, we like it." This answer must be carefully guarded. To say "we like" something, the implication is that many others find it annoying. Not long ago, when I was with a group of people, one of them, a geophysicist from Australia, was gushing about the wonders of the universe. "The earth we live in," he said, "is a remarkable, lively, spinning planet composed of some incredible wonders." Then there was a long pause. At this time, a woman attracted by his extremely exaggerated compliment said, "well, we like this earth." I think it's wrong to take a negative and demeaning attitude to flattery. "What a beautiful dress! "Your friend praised. 'oh, such old clothes! "You answered. This scenario is very similar to the one I mentioned above. You have no right to be ashamed or annoyed when someone compliments your gown -- unless it happens to be your own. If you say so, "I bought it in the basement ofthe maisie mall and another woman in a scramble," you might feel better. Or "my husband picked it for me," and that's fine.I know a man who has been studying this problem, and he has come up with a way to avoid the praise of others. He adopted an unconscionable realism. One night I overheard a woman say to him, "your shoulders are so powerful!" He answered, without blinking an eye: "three-quarters of the water. Three quarters of my body is water, so I have three quarters of my shoulders water. Anything that has three quarters of water is actually not going to be powerful." The kind woman murmured, frowning away. I think there's a problem with the way this guy answers.Many of us try to use wisecracking to deal with flattery. For example, someone said enthusiastically, "smell your name." "I don'tthink it's a good name," was the standard answer. This witty response should be placed in government regulations. It might horrify me, because I'm not a wisecrack. I recently heard a young man praising a girl who said she was like a star Greta garbo. "Flattery will get you everywhere," she replied. I think that's a pretty good answer. But there is a real repartee in the hundreds of thousands of responses. Only people like dorothy parker or George kaufman can handle it.Artists and writers face a particular problem. When a new car comes down, the person in charge can bring outside people in, point to the car and say, "isn't she pretty?" The person who paints, the person whowrites the book or the composer cannot do that. "Said the friend of the poet proffer." prover, the sonnet you wrote last time, is wonderful and rhyming." In fact, prover was perfectly in agreement with his friends, but he could not say so. "Well, actually," he objected, "you know very well that the last six lines don't rhyme."As the author of a pile of books, I sometimes face this situation. Someone would say, "I think it's interesting that your new book." I should be able to answer, "oh, I'm glad someone likes it"-- I was having a hard time writing." "Or," I think it's a good book too." But I can't say that. In fact, an unwritten rule of the author makes me say, "you must be a poor man of literature."I have turned to my children for tips on how to deal with compliments. Too little children can help. For example, say to a little boy, "oh, you're so cute!" How did he react? He would run around the house, his tongue sticking out of his mouth, and his eyes would rollaround, showing a threatening look. I can do this too, but I don't think it's socially acceptable. Or try to compliment a little girl, "what a beautiful dress you have!" You marvel. She immediately raised her skirt to show her petticoat, then she lifted the petticoat to show you the best look of her underwear. It doesn't work in adult society.I thought for a moment that the spanish-speaking people in the world were the best at rhetoric, and perhaps they could learn something from them. You say to one of them, "I've never seen such a beautiful house before," and he immediately replied, "you're going to be a little bit more handsome." You're standing there, embarrassed. It's no use going back to them - no matter what they say, they always have the upper hand.One thing is clear: in all decent social situations, it is essential to stay calm. Elisa peleg wrote one of the earliest books on etiquettein the United States. She tells a story in her book that clarifies the importance of keeping calm. It was at an elegant dinner in New England, when the goose, when the master cut the goose, slipped off the plate and landed on the dress of a lady. If I meet this situation, I will feel extremely embarrassed, I will secretly find a rope to hang. But the master was as cool as a cucumber. He said in a very calm and dignified manner, "madam, you will give me the goose, and I will be very grateful." Our social life would be much more interesting if we were able to maintain our manners and get rid of our awkwardness.If we keep this in mind, we'll be more calm: whenever someone compliments you, he probably just wants to talk to you. The only sensible answer is that eight little letters form two neat little words: Thank you!【翻译】如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。
Unit 1Transl ation of T ext如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。
例如,如果一位女士走到我跟前,说道:“你的胡子最迷人,”我会无所适从,不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出:“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中,应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多,这话听起来有点矛盾,却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话,往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如,有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话,我们就慌得说不出话来,膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时,我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上,俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道:“天哪!你这儿的景色太美了!”整个山谷原本就在那里,不是我造的“噢,没什么——无非是过去留,也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说:下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时,表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就是,还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前,我和一批人在一起时,其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星,是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时,一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女,禁不住说道,“嗯,我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为,对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊!”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢,这么破的旧衣服!”你回答道。
3 Unit 2Definition and Classification of Pneumonia 肺炎的定义和分类When the word pneumonia is used in medical practice, it almost always refers to a syndrome caused by acute infection, usually bacterial, that is characterized by clinical and/or radiographic /ˌreɪdɪəʊˈgræfɪk/放射影像学signs of consolidation/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ 实质、实变of a part or parts of one or both lungs. The use of the term has however been greatly extended to include non-bacterial infection of the lungs caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Pneumonitis /ˌnjuːməʊˈnaɪtɪs/ is occasionally used as a synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/同义词for pneumonia, particularly when inflammation炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ of the lung has resulted from a non-infectious cause such as in chemical or radiation injury.当肺炎这个词在医疗实践中使用时,它几乎总是指由急性感染引起的综合征,通常是细菌感染,临床上和/或放射学上的以肺部分或单肺弥漫性或双肺弥漫性实变为特征。
1 America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind.Over the next 20 years,an estimated $15 trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后20年里,估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
2 Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses.But the viability of many these transfers is questionable.The fact is most will fail.Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation.Survival of a family business into the third generation is a rare occurrence.大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下,财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上,大多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说,只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
3 Thousands of family businesses,some of the household names,will disappear over the next decade.The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning.For many,however,it may already be too late. The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one,but three, not even five years ahead.Indeed,a comprehensive succession plan,which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies,generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.在下一个十年里,数以千计的家庭企业,其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
1纽约大学的Robert A Fowkes是我过去的一位老师。
他喜欢讲在上世纪30年代他在德国上,古威尔士语课的故事。
第一天上课,教授大步走上讲台,翻了翻笔记,咳嗽了一声,开始说道:“早上好,女士们、先生们。
”Fowkes不安地扫视一番。
他是上这门课的唯一学生。
在学期中间,Fowkes因病缺了一次课。
他回到课堂的时候,教授毫无表情地向他点了点头。
接着令Fowkes大吃一惊的是,教授没有按照顺序讲下一课,而是讲了后面一课。
难道他真的在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空教室讲了一课?Fowkes认为这太有可能了。
今天美国的大学受到了各方面的严厉指责。
人们指责老师没有教好,学生没有学好。
美国的商业和工业饱受无进取心的,缺乏创造力的管理人员之苦,这些人受的教育是自己不要思考,而是说一些时时的、在世界上其他地方早已抛弃的陈词滥调。
大学毕业生既没有基本技能也没有全面修养。
有人对高等教育的状况做了研究并发表了报告,但由此引发的变化在很大程度上不是表面的,就是使已经糟糕的情形变得更糟。
美国教育中很少被挑战的方面是讲课制度。
教授不停地讲,学生不停地记笔记,就像十三世纪时的情形一样,那时是因为书本匮乏又昂贵,很少有学生买得起。
我们早就该舍弃讲课制度,开始使用真正有用的方法。
想要了解现行体制的不足只要跟着一个假设的一年级学生就行了。
我们暂且称她为玛丽,我们还是跟她去上一个学期的心理学导论。
她到的第一天环顾巨大的课堂,看到班级这么大有些吃惊。
一旦一百或一百多个注册的学生发现教授从不点名,班级就缩小到不那么吓人的规模了。
有几天玛丽坐在前排,她可以看到教授在读一叠几乎和他的年纪一样老的发黄的讲义。
她听课烦了,其他大部分同学也听烦了,这从他们的行为中可以判断出:他们要么在打盹,要么在笔记本上涂鸦。
渐渐地她意识到教授和他的听众一样感到无聊。
每次课结束时他都问道:“有问题吗?”他的语气明显表明他更希望没有问题。
他不必担心,学生和他一样感到下课是一种解脱。
Unit one1、餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small businesses.2、他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist3、像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。
这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。
We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions4、显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。
Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。
No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy.6、人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。
第一单元CYBERSPACE: IF YOU DON’T LOVE IT , LEA VE IT1 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。
我们渴求宽敞的场地,我们喜欢探索,喜欢制定规章制度,却不愿去遵守。
在当今时代,却很难找到一块空间,可以供你任意驰骋,又不必担心影响你的邻居。
2 确实有这样一个空间,那就是信息空间。
这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地,但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有,包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。
问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?3 首先要解决的问题是,什么是信息空间。
我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻,把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园。
请记住,庄园是人们智慧的结晶,是合法的、人工营造的氛围,它建立在土地之上。
在庄园里,公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂与杂货店都能区分开来。
4 你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟庄园。
其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出,有些是公共场所;有的场所适合儿童出入,而有些地方人们最好避开。
不幸的是,正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。
这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。
所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。
正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论:最好对它严加管理。
5 但是,在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前,关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。
恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童;信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机,向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。
在信息空间这座庄园里,用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择,一切都出于自愿。
换句话说,信息空间是个出入自便的地方,实际上,信息空间里有很多可去之处。
人们不能盲目上网,必须带着具体的目标上网。
这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。
不错,规章制度应该在群体内得以实施,但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定,而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。
Unit2 家庭企业:下一代的前景美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后的20年里,估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下,财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上,多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说,只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
在下—个十年里,数以千计的家庭企业,其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。
然而,很多企业已为时太晚了。
一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年,三年甚至是五年进行的。
确切地说,一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。
无论规模的大小,技术的高低或名气是否响亮,每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。
但是无论怎样不同,在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前,以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。
计划你的交接管理机构业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。
他们往往擅长多种技能。
在很多情况下,他们既是生产专家,又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。
要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。
因此,家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。
参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。
然后,对它们进行比较。
各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。
以朱蒂为例。
朱蒂拥有一家软件公司,她共有三个孩子:一个是电脑天才,一个是赛车手,还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。
另外,朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。
根据她的情况,她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们,但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。
在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的,或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。
因此,提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的,以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。
1.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2.His sister is a great liar.他妹妹老是说谎。
3.“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身连蹦带跳地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过走廊,进了门廊。
4.The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。
但是我必须小心谨慎。
5.She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。
6.To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
7.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
8.He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题表明他有很大的怀疑。
9.By dialing the right number, you may be able to select a play, golf lesson or lecture in physics, from a pretaped library in a remote city, for showing on your home screen.只要拨对了号码,你就可以在家里电视机上选看到由远方城市的一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课,或者一次物理学演讲。
Unit 3Translation of Text我们没有"享受幸福的权利"C.S.路易斯"毕竟," 克莱尔说,"他们拥有享受幸福的权利" 。
我们当时是在讨论邻里发生的一件事。
甲先生抛弃甲太太,离了婚,准备迎娶乙太太,而乙太太也同样办好了离婚手续准备嫁给甲。
毫无疑问,甲先生和乙太太非常欢喜对方。
如果他们继续相爱,且健康和收入不出什么差池,他们接下来的日子应该会过的很开心。
同样显而易见的是,他们与各自的前任相处不佳。
乙太太最初还是喜欢她的丈夫的。
但是后来他在战争中负伤,丢掉了工作,据说还已经失去了性能力。
此后的生活已经不再是乙夫人当初所期待的。
甲夫人也很凄惨。
她容貌不再,也没有了生机活力。
有人说她因为为他生儿育女,又为护理他度过漫长的疾病期而将自己的精力消耗殆尽,而先前的婚姻生活也因着疾病而黯然失色。
但是不要以为甲是那种将糟糠之妻弃之如敝履的一类人。
我们都知道前妻的自杀让他非常震惊,他曾亲口对我们说,“我又能怎么样呢?每个人都有享受幸福的权利。
我不能错过我的幸福机会。
”之后我就一直琢磨"享受幸福的权利"这句话。
起初这句话给我的感觉怪怪的,听起来就像是在说每个人都有走运的权利。
无论会有哪个派别的道德学家如何评论,我们的幸福或痛苦很大程度上都非人力所能控制。
在我看来,所谓享受幸福的权利并无依据,正如不能要求自己的身高要达到六英尺,应该有个百万富翁的老爸,或者说无论什么时候自己想去野餐了,天气就必须晴朗。
权利作为所在的社会的法律所保障的自由是不难理解的。
因此,我有权沿公共道路行驶,因为这是社会给赋予我的自由,也是“公共”道路意义之所在。
我也能理解法律所保障的债权权益,和与之相应的他人的债务承担义务。
如果我有权从你那里获取100英镑,也就等于说你有责任付我100英镑。
如果法律允许甲先生抛弃发妻而去勾引邻人之妻,那么甲就有这项法律权利,我们也没有必要在此谈论所谓“幸福”的权利。
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
Individuals and massesA man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways:as a member of some familial,professional or religious group ,or as a member of a crowd.groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them;a crowd is chaotic ,has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking.Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice.Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own.they become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility,they are subject to sudden excesses of rage ,enthusiasm and panic.in a word,a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant .He is a victim of what I ave called ‘herd-poisoning’.Like alcohol,herd-poison is an active,extravagant drug.The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility,intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic,animal mindlesssness.一个人通过两种渠道和社会进行直接接触:一种是作为家庭的、职业的或者宗教的组织中的一员,一种仅仅是作为一群人中的一个。
Translation from Chinese into EnglishUnit 1 of Book One1. 目前有许多家长向孩子灌输只有名牌大学的毕业生将来才能找到好工作的思想。
2. 重要的不在于读多少而在于读什么。
3. 拿他人的工作以谋取个人的荣誉是不诚实的。
4. 他伸手取那把刀子,但太远了,摸不到。
5. 你想出去散步并不构成把婴儿独自撂在家的理由。
6. 他由理解而产生同情之心。
7. 自从他去美国之后,我就与他失去了联系。
8. 你能成为一位优秀的音乐家,但因缺乏实践而受阻。
9. 通过一系列的无意识的正反试验,母亲发现如果把婴儿贴近心脏左胸前抱着更能使婴儿安详。
10.每当有问题他解决不了的,他就要去老师那儿寻找帮助。
Key to Unit 1 of Book One1.Today many parents inoculate their children with the idea that they cannot find good jobsin the future unless they are graduates from the most famous universities.2. It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.3. It is dishonest to take credit for work that was done by others.4. He reached out his hand for the knife, but it was beyond his reach. Tryto get something by a long reach5. Your wish to go for a walk does not justify your leaving the baby alone in the house.6. His sympathy grew out of understanding.7. Since he went to the United States, I have lost track of him.8. You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is hold ing you back.9. By an unconscious series of trial and error, the mother has arrived at the discovery thather baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right. 10.Whenever there are some problems he cannot solve, he reaches out for help from his teacher.(Since he couldn’t solve the problem all by himself, he reached out for help from his teacher.)Unit 2 of Book One1. 禁止自行车在这条新机动车道上行驶。
2. 这本书因涉嫌淫秽而遭禁,但这部电影却获得了极大的票房收入。
3. 把你的译文和黑板上的范文比较一下。
4. 与其他同类工人生活相比英国工人的生活水平是高的5. 结果证明距离比他原来想象的要更远一些。
6. 天气预报说最高温度为10度,但结果证明是5度。
7.你是这个交通事故的目击证人,所以有义务在法庭上讲实情。
8.我必须不惜一切代价在星期五之前完成这项工作。
9.我们必须珍惜老一辈革命家用鲜血和生命换来的今天幸福生活。
10.我的资格不够,多少有点心虚,不过我会承担当主席的责任。
Key to Unit 2 of Book One1.Bicycles are ban ned from the motorway.2. The film became / achieved an enormous box-office success because the book had been banned on the grounds of obscenity/ indecency/it’s indecent contents .3. Compare your translation wit h the model one on the blackboard.4. The standard of living / the living conditions of the British working man is high compared with that of his counterpart in many other countries.5. It turned out a farther distance than he had imagined./ It turned out that the distance was farther than he had imagined.6. The weatherman forecasted that the highest was 10, but it turned out to be 5.7. You’re an eyewitness of this traffic accident, so you are obligated to tell the truth in court.8. I must complete this work by Friday at any cost. (accomplish)9. We must cherish today’s happy life acquired at the cost of the blood and life of our older generations of revolutionaries.10. I am a bit diffident about my qualifications, but I will take the chairmanship on. / I ama bit less confident of my qualifications, but I will assume the responsibility of the chairmanUnit 3 of Book One1.所有的物质变化可以分为两大类,物理变化和化学变化。
2. 警方向帮助他们找到那个犯罪嫌疑人的人提供特别的奖赏。
3.他们深夜不睡,想找出上次试验失败的原因。
4. 这项公约的签订使两国的贸易合作永远持续下去。
5.中国在运营大型采矿企业的同时也着手建立中型采矿企业。
6.成功在望,他们欢天喜地。
7.在大多数人眼里,战争是一场双方都是输家的赌博。
8.我得集中精力写完这本书,因为这件事很急。
9.在微弱灯光下看书,眼睛一定很吃力。
10.玛丽满怀希望但又忧心忡忡地开始了婚后生活。
Key to Unit 3 of Book One1. All changes of matter may fall into two broad classes: physical and chemicalchanges.2. There is a special reward offered by the police to anyone who helps them (to)findthat suspect.3. They stayed up late into the nigh t, trying to figure out the causes of the failure intheir last experiment.4. The sign of the convention will perpetuate the trade and cooperation between thetwo countries.5. China has embarked on setting up medium mines while operating big ones.6. With success in sight they all felt jubilant.7. In the eyes of most people, war is a game in which both sides lose.8.I really must settle down to finish ing this work, which is urgent.9. Reading in poor light will certainly tax your eye.10. Mary embarked on her marriage, with many hopes and fears.Unit 5 of Book One1. 考试一过,毕业典礼就在眼前了。
2. 他身上有一种超凡脱俗的气质/势,大家对他都顶礼膜拜。
3 公司有一队卡车用来把产品运到批发市场。
4. 就某种程度而言,现在国民经济各部门的发展还是互相协调的。
5. 他沉醉于赌博,最终导致倾家荡产。
6. 到了农村,展现在我们面前的是一派生机勃勃的景象。
7. 这就是评论家给新剧和新片定级的方法,然而这部新片是任何别的新片都无法比拟的。
8. 我们确实已经取得了很大成就,但这并不意味着一点缺点也没有。
9. 驯养宠物与教育孩子有相似之处。
10 接受还是拒绝这个建议取决于你。
11. 约翰和玛丽发现他们在很多问题上意见有分歧。
12. 这个活动培养了孩子们的合作精神。
Key to Unit 5 of Book One1.Examinations are over and Commence Day is at hand.2.There is an aura of divinity about him, which makes all the people pay homage to him.3. The company has a fleet of trucks for conveying products to the wholesale market.4. Up to a point, now the development of the different branches of the national economy is well coordinated.5. He addicted himself to gambl ing and at last lost all his family fortune.6. As we reached the countryside, we were presented with a scene of vitality.7. This is how the reviewers rate new plays and films, however, no other new films can rate with this one.(8.Forcing a child to learn is on a par with forcing a man to adopt a religion.)8. We’ve made great achievements, but it doesn’t follow that there’re no shortcomings.9. Training pet animals is somewhat akin to train ing children.10. It lies with you to accept or reject the proposal.11. On many issues John and Mary found themselves seriously at odds.12. This activity fostered a spirit of cooperation among thechildren. team spirit 团队精神Unit 6 of Book One1. 消防队员叫围观者让开,以便他们更有效地工作。