【高二英语】新课标人教版高中英语必修二教案2B2U3（共18页）Unit 3 ComputerPart One: Teaching Design (第一部分:教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(WHO AM I?)AimsTo talk about computerTo read about computerProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by talking about computerLook at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Yes, they are computers. Then what is a computer?A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory anddoes calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can be used for voice mail.计算机室A computer frequently requires a boot device. The boot devicecontains the computer?s operatingsystem and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world.曙光3000巨型计算机A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship.In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to getgold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedurereleases the toxic waste into the water and soil.Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become waste as quickly.Computer jargon 计算机行话Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what thesewords mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords).Examples of jargon:Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”.Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and NibbleCPU –Central Processing Unit, Another name for processorData - Information stored on a computerDisk - A place to store data.Email - Electronic mail.GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick.Load - Get data from a diskNibble - Half a ByteSave - Put data on a diskRAM – random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better.USB - Universal Serial Bus(通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座)WWW - World Wide Web, part of the InternetII. Pre-reading1. Questioning and answering---What do you know about computer??Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; theinstructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers.?A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task. ?A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output.?a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices.?Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Libraryof Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548,QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.?a machine for performing calculations automaticallycalculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines) ?A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give2. Discussing and sharing---How have computers changed our lives?Someday soon, if you haven?t already, you?re likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. They?re a much more useful and humane toolthan the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will beeverywhere----changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile. Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.III. Reading1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I?Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader.2. Reading aloud and underlining expressionsNow we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from WHO AM I?begin as…, a calculating machine, be built as…, followin structions from…, sound simple, at the time, a technological revolution, write a book, make…work, solveproblems, become huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to…,the size of…, go by, change size, become small and thin, get quick, stand there by one self, be connected by…, share information by…, talkto…, bring…into…, deal with…, communicate with…, serve the human race3. Reading, identifying and settlingAttention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help.Chat (online)(在线)聊天To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room ormessaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, orMSN Messenger.4. Reading and transferringScan the text for information to complete the table below,describing the development of computer.In 1642In 1822In 1936In 1960sIn 1970sIV. Closing down by doing comprehending exercisesTurn to page 18 and in pairs do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and 2.Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(The Present Perfect Passive Voice)AimsTo learn to useThe Present Perfect Passive VoiceTo discover useful words and expressionTo discover useful structuresProceduresI. Warming up by reading to the tapeTo begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader.II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes.III. Learning about grammar1. Passive Voice—OverviewTense or Model Passive SentenceSimple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months.Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month.Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15.Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year.Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950.Past perfect The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred.Simple Modal The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student.Past Modal The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges.2. The Present Perfect Passive VoiceThe structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has ，been，~edIV. Reading aloud and discoveringNow go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the textexamples of The Present PerfectPassive Voice.As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information witheach other around the world by the Internet.V. Discovering useful structureWe shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20.VI. Closing down by doing a quizCorrect the mistakes in these passive voice sentences Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.)1. 3000 employees were laying off.2. A story will made up.3. An idea was putted forward for discussion.4. Has the book been give back to you yet?5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time.6. Nothing can be hold against me.7. Our allies will be lend support.8. She has never heard of.9. She was being knocked down by a bus. 10. She was letted off witha fine.11. The candle was blow out by the draught. 12. The criminal were locked up.13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers. 14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money. 15. The keys must have been being left behind. 16. The old cinema is being pull down. 17. The protesters being held back by the police. 18. The road was blocking off.19. Thirty more people were laid off last week. 20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there. Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language (ANDY— THE ANDROID)Aimsdiscuss about IT ToTo write a report about ITTo read about androids or robotsProceduresI. Warming up by talking about ITWhat is Information technology?Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.II. Listening and writingTurn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind.III. Speaking and writingSuppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.IV. Reading, underlining and speakingIt is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy—The Android,underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have!Expressions from Andy—The Androidpart of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as…as…, in fat, looklike…, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to…, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve one?s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program…with…, make up…, after all, with the help of…V. Writing a letterSuppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.AndroidAn android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. Theword derives from Greek Andr- …man, human? and the suffix -eides used tomean …of the species,kind, alike? (from eidos …species?).The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a malehuman and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used.Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partlymechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations:a robot that closely resembles a humana cyborg that closely resembles a humanan artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a humanAlthough essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of twoconcepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence).The term android was first used by the French author MathiasVilliers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889)in his work Tomorrow’s Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said bythe officer in the story, “In t his age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.”Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分:教学资源)Section 1: A text structure analysis of WHO AM I?I. Type of writing and summary of WHO AM I?This is a piece of narrative writing. Type of writingBeginning as just a calculating machine in 1642 in France, Main idea of the passagethe computer has been experiencing improvement again andover again over 300years or more, which has not only madeit more beautiful and intelligent but also changed man?s lifea great deal!stI began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Topic sentence of 1 paragraphndNo one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in Topic sentence of 2 paragraphthe 1960s.II. A chain of events showing the development of computera calculating machine in 1642 in France ? an Analytical Machine in 1822 ? a “universalmachine.” in 1936 ? the size of a large room ? made smaller and smaller ? getting newtransistors in 1960s? clever and quicker ? a network in the early 1960s ? talking tohumans using BASIC in the early 1960s ? brought into people?s homes in 1970s ? InternetIII. A retold version of the text WHO AM I?I, the computer, was a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Then I wasbuilt as an Analytical Machine in 1822, which was a technological revolution.I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem.I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room beforeI was made smaller and smaller.Getting new transistors in 1960s I became clever and quicker. I was connected with other computers and turned out to part of a network in the early 1960s. Then I began talking to humansusing BASIC in the early 1960s. In 1970s I was brought into people?s homes, and came the Internet.Section 2: Background information computersI. How Do Computers Work?Computer BasicsTo accomplish a task using a computer, you need a combination of hardware, software, and input. Hardware consists of devices, like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computerthere are more bits of hardware,including the motherboard, whereyou would find the mainprocessing chips that make up thecentral processing unit (CPU).The hardware processes thecommands it receives from thesoftware, and performs tasks orcalculations.Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certaintypes of activities. There is operating system software, such as the AppleOS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is alsoapplication software, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or do math problems.You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.How They Work TogetherFirst, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole process is called booting up.The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Let?s use the example of an Internet browser. Once the programhas started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you?ve saved already. In either case, the computernow knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for.If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you have providedinput to tell the computer what to do. The browser softwaredetermines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer,then send the information about the web page from your computer over the cable to the printer, where it is printed out.II. TelevisionOld portable televisionA television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” comes from the words tele (Greek forfar away) and vision (seeing).Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and saton the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit onshelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went.The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a wholewall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a largeflat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs.A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to computers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”.III. Web or World Wide WebThe World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages. It is not used to describe WebPages that are usedoffline where net services are not available, or no computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require a communication with other computers.IV. RadioRadio is a communications invention. Though originally used to communicatebetween two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs.V. DVDDVD most commonly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play videothat is of a higher quality than a VHS tape.VI. Two kinds of DVDThey can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries.VII. EmailEmail (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email is quicker than snail mail(mail) when sending over long distances and isusually free. To send or receive an email, a computer with a modem andtelephone line connected to the Internet, and an email program are required. Email addresses are generally formated like this:login@server.(com or fr or org or uk or other).Some companies let you send and receive email for free from a website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! do this.VIII. HumanHere are two humans.A man is on the left and a woman is on the right. A human or human being is a person, like you. A male human is a man, a female human is a woman. If you think about all humans in the wholeworld, they are called humanity. In the past, people have also used man and mankind to mean all humans.Humans are called Homo sapiens by scientists. Humans are an animal species that belongs to the group called primates. Monkeys are primates too, but the primates most like people are gorillas and chimpanzees. Most scientists think that chimpanzees and humans came from a commonancestor by what is called evolution. Other animals even more like humans than chimpanzees once lived too, but they are now extinct.Human rights are those things that everyone deserves and the waythey should be treated by other people.Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit 3 Computerscommonn. 1. an area of grassland with no fences which all people are freeto use or a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area (常用于专有名词中): Every Saturday Jean went ridingon the village common. Harlow Common is very beautiful in winter.哈洛公园在冬天时风景很美。
