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如何最大化利用英语词典作者：唐静来源：《高中生·高考》2019年第05期本文从“形、音、性、数、义、搭、例”七个角度，谈谈如何在精读中查阅英语词典。
英语词典以柯林斯中阶词典、牛津中阶词典和朗文中阶词典为例。
形形，是指单词的拼写形式。
一般我们需要适当注意美式英语和英式英语在拼写上的区别。
以colour这个单词为例。
柯林斯中阶词典额外标注了英式、美式拼写的区别。
并且，该词典中有color词条，标注为“see colour"。
牛津中阶词典标注了“（US美color）”，意思是colour 的美式写法为color。
并且，该词典中也设有color词条，标注为“（US美）=COLOUR”。
朗文中阶词典中只有color这个词条，并且没有标出英式拼写方法。
朗文词典主要以美国英语为蓝本。
除了单词的英美差异之外，我们在查阅词典时，还要特别注意拼写上比较相近的单词，比如abroad和aboard，desert和dessert等，以帮助扩大词汇量并加强记忆，以免混淆。
音音，是指单词的读音。
掌握单词的读音是提高听力和口语最基本的前提。
看词典中单词的读音，要注意音节、音标、英美式读音、重音等多个方面。
在有些英语词典中，音节体现得特别清晰，每一个单词的不同音节会用“●”或“|”符号划分出来，比如，柯林斯中阶和朗文中阶两本词典中，我们查到的color就标示了音节，显示为color和col●or，表明这个单词有两个音节，分别是“col”和“or”。
音标决定着一个单词怎么读。
上述三本词典都采用国际音标的注音方式，略有不同的是，柯林斯中阶词典和牛津中阶词典主要采用英式读音，朗文中阶词典中主要标注美式读音。
重音，几乎所有词典都用重音符号来表示重音，用次重音符号表示次重音。
有些单词在表示不同的词性时，其重音是不同的，如record作名词时，重音在第一个音节上;作动词时，重音在第二个音节上。
性性是指单词的词性。
词性把握很重要，有些单词兼有好几种词性。
柯林斯学生英语词典
（最新版）
目录
1.柯林斯学生英语词典的概述
2.柯林斯学生英语词典的特点
3.柯林斯学生英语词典的使用方法
4.柯林斯学生英语词典的评价
正文
【柯林斯学生英语词典的概述】
柯林斯学生英语词典是一本面向学生的英语词典，旨在帮助学生学习和掌握英语单词的正确用法。
该词典收录了大量的单词和短语，以及丰富的例句，让学生在学习过程中能够更好地理解和运用单词。
【柯林斯学生英语词典的特点】
柯林斯学生英语词典具有以下几个特点：
1.收录词汇丰富：该词典收录了大量的单词和短语，涵盖了日常生活、学习、工作等各个方面，满足学生的各种查询需求。
2.例句丰富：每个单词都附有丰富的例句，让学生在学习过程中能够更好地理解和运用单词。
3.释义简洁易懂：柯林斯学生英语词典的释义采用简洁明了的语言，让学生能够快速理解单词的含义。
4.插图丰富：该词典还配有大量的插图，帮助学生形象地理解单词的含义。
【柯林斯学生英语词典的使用方法】
学生在使用柯林斯学生英语词典时，可以按照以下几个步骤进行：
1.首先，根据需要查询的单词，在词典中找到相应的词条。
2.阅读词条的释义，理解单词的含义。
3.查看例句，了解单词的用法。
4.如果有插图，可以结合插图更好地理解单词的含义。
【柯林斯学生英语词典的评价】
柯林斯学生英语词典受到了广大学生和教师的欢迎，被誉为学习英语的必备工具书。
学生们表示，该词典的丰富词汇和例句，使他们在学习过程中能够更好地理解和运用单词。
柯林斯cobuild高级英语词典全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone, today I'm going to tell you all about the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's a super cool book that can help us learn lots of new words and meanings.First off, the Collins Cobuild dictionary is really big with lots of pages. It has all kinds of words in it, and it even tells us how to use them in sentences. That way we can learn how to talk and write like a pro!One thing I really like about this dictionary is that it has really clear explanations. If I don't understand a word, I can look it up in the Collins Cobuild and it will tell me what it means in a simple way.Another cool feature of this dictionary is that it has lots of examples of how to use each word. This helps us understand the meaning better and also learn how to use the word correctly in a sentence.The Collins Cobuild also has special notes and tips to help us improve our English. It tells us about common mistakes people make and how to avoid them. That way we can sound super smart when we talk!So, if you want to take your English to the next level, I totally recommend checking out the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's like having a super smart English teacher in a book!That's all for now, hope you found this helpful. Happy learning, everyone!篇2Hey guys, today I want to talk about this really cool book I found called the "Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary". It's super helpful and has lots of cool words and explanations. Let me tell you all about it!First off, this dictionary is great because it helps you understand those big, fancy words that you might see in books or hear on TV. It breaks down the meanings of words in a simple way so anyone can understand them. It's like having a secret weapon to help you sound super smart!Another thing I love about this dictionary is that it has examples of how to use the words in sentences. This really helps me see the words in action and learn how to use them correctly. It's like having a personal English teacher right in your hands!I also like how there are special sections in the dictionary that explain tricky grammar rules and common mistakes. It's like having a cheat sheet to help you with your English homework or essays. It sure comes in handy when I get stuck on a tough grammar question.Overall, the "Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary" is a must-have for anyone who wants to improve their English skills. It's like having a superpower that helps you understand and use English better. So if you want to sound like a pro, make sure to get yourself a copy of this awesome dictionary!篇3Hey guys, today I'm gonna talk about the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's a super cool dictionary that has lots of words and meanings for us to learn.First off, the dictionary is really big and heavy, but don't worry, it's full of awesome stuff inside. It has all sorts of words,from easy ones like "cat" and "dog" to super hard ones like "pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism". Yeah, that's a real word!The best part about this dictionary is that it doesn't just tell you what the words mean, but also how to use them in sentences. So if you're not sure how to use a word, you can look it up and see examples of how it's used in real life.There are also sections on grammar, punctuation, and even slang words. So if you ever come across a word or phrase you don't understand, this dictionary can help you figure it out.I love using the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary because it makes learning new words and meanings fun and easy. It's like having a super smart friend who knows everything about English!So if you want to improve your English and expand your vocabulary, definitely check out this dictionary. It's a must-have for all students and language lovers. Happy learning, everyone!篇4Title: My Review of Collins COBUILD Advanced English DictionaryHey guys, today I want to talk about the Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary! It's super cool and I want to share with you all the awesome things about it.First off, this dictionary is like a super smart friend who knows everything about English. It has tons of words and phrases, and it explains them in a really easy way so you can understand quickly.One thing I really like is that it gives you lots of examples of how to use the words in sentences. It's like having a mini English lesson right there in the dictionary!Another cool feature is that it has special notes on tricky words or grammar rules. So if you're not sure about something, you can just check the notes and boom, problem solved!Oh, and did I mention it has a super cool CD-ROM that you can use on your computer? You can listen to how words are pronounced and even play games to test your knowledge. It's so fun!Overall, I think the Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary is totally awesome. It's like having a mini English teacher with you wherever you go. I give it two thumbs up!篇5Hey guys! Today let's talk about the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's like a super cool book that can help us learn new words and understand English better.First of all, the Collins Cobuild dictionary has a lot of words in it. Like, seriously, a LOT. It's not just the regular words we use every day, but also fancy words that we might not know yet. It's a great way to expand our vocabulary and sound smarter when we talk or write.One cool thing about this dictionary is that it gives us examples of how to use each word in a sentence. So if we're not sure how to use a new word, we can just look it up in the dictionary and see how it's used. It's like having a mini English lesson right in our hands!The dictionary also has special notes that explain tricky words or grammar rules. It's like having a wise teacher who can help us understand difficult concepts. Plus, there are pictures and illustrations to make learning even more fun!And listen to this – the Collins Cobuild dictionary is updated regularly, so it has all the latest words and phrases that people are using nowadays. We can stay hip and trendy with our English skills, just by using this awesome dictionary.So guys, if you want to improve your English and become a language master, the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary is your go-to guide. It's like a magical book that can unlock the secrets of the English language. Let's grab our dictionaries and start learning!篇6Hey guys! Today I want to talk about the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary! It's like the ultimate guide to English words and meanings. Let's explore together!First off, this dictionary is super cool because it doesn't just tell you what a word means, it also shows you how it's used in real life. You can learn all about different phrases and collocations, which are like words that often go together. It's really helpful for understanding how to use English words correctly.Another awesome thing about this dictionary is that it has lots of examples to show you how a word is used in context. This is great for seeing how a word can have different meanings depending on the situation. Plus, it helps you learn new words and expand your vocabulary.And guess what? The Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary also has a section on grammar. You can learn all about different tenses, verb forms, and sentence structures. It's like having a mini English lesson right in your dictionary!Overall, this dictionary is a must-have for anyone who wants to improve their English skills. It's easy to use, full of useful information, and will help you become a pro at English in no time. So grab a copy and start exploring the world of words today!篇7Oh, hi there! Today I'm gonna tell you all about the Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's like a super cool book that helps you understand lots of words and their meanings.So, first things first, this dictionary is jam-packed with all sorts of words that you can use to sound super smart. It's not just about what the words mean, but also how you can use them in your own writing and speaking. Pretty neat, huh?And get this, the Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary also has examples to show you how words are used in real life. That way, you can see exactly how to use them in your own sentences. It's like having a language ninja helping you out!Oh, and did I mention that it's got loads of handy tips and notes to help you with tricky grammar and spelling stuff? Yup, this dictionary is like having a whole team of English experts right at your fingertips.So, whether you're a total beginner or already a pro at English, the Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary is gonna be your new BFF. Trust me, once you start using it, you'll never want to put it down. Happy learning, everyone!篇8Hey guys, today I wanna tell you about this super cool book called the 【Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary】. It's like the ultimate dictionary for big kids who wanna learn more words and meanings in English.First of all, let me tell you that this dictionary is not like those boring old ones you see at school. It's got all these cool features that make learning English super fun and easy. For example, it's got lots of examples and phrases to help you understand how to use the words in real life situations. And there are these special boxes that tell you about different meanings and uses of the words.Another awesome thing about the dictionary is that it's got all these colorful pictures and illustrations that help you remember the words better. Plus, there are these fun quizzes and games that test your knowledge and help you remember what you've learnt.And guess what? The 【Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary】is not just for looking up words, it's also got lots of information about grammar, punctuation, and even tips on how to improve your writing. So it's like having a teacher in a book!So if you wanna be a super smart English whiz, make sure to get your hands on the 【Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary】. It's gonna help you speak and write English like a pro in no time. Trust me, it's totally worth it!篇9Title: My review of the Collins Cobuild Advanced English DictionaryHey guys, today I want to share with you all my thoughts on the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. This dictionary is like my best friend when it comes to learning new words and meanings. It's super cool because it has lots of examples and explanations to help me understand words better.First of all, the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary is really easy to use. The entries are in alphabetical order, so I can easily find the word I'm looking for. And guess what? It also has a phonetic transcription to help me pronounce the words correctly. How awesome is that?Another thing I love about this dictionary is the example sentences. They show me how to use the words in context, which makes it easier for me to remember them. Plus, there are notes on word usage and grammar tips to help me improve my English skills. It's like having a mini English teacher in my hands!One more thing I want to mention is the illustrations and diagrams in the dictionary. They make learning even more fun and interesting. Sometimes I spend hours just flipping through the pages, looking at the pictures and learning new words.In conclusion, the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary is a must-have for anyone who wants to improve their English skills. It's easy to use, informative, and fun to explore. I highly recommend it to all my friends and classmates. Thank you, Collins, for creating such an amazing dictionary!篇10Hey guys, today I'm gonna talk about the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary. It's like super duper cool and helps us understand English better!First things first, the Collins Cobuild dictionary has like tons and tons of words in it. It's like a treasure trove of words! So whenever you come across a new word, you can just look it up in the dictionary and boom, you know what it means.And not only does it have words, it also has examples of how to use the words in sentences. So if you're not sure how to use a word, just check out the examples and you'll be good to go.Another awesome thing about the Collins Cobuild dictionary is that it has these little symbols that show you how common or rare a word is. So you'll know if a word is like super popular or if it's one of those words that only smarty pants people use.Oh, and did I mention that the dictionary has like all these cool features like pronunciation guides and word origins? It's like a one-stop shop for all your English needs.So yeah, if you're looking to up your English game, the Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary is definitely the way to go. It's like having a super smart English teacher right at your fingertips!。
特色介绍使用向导1.释义2.语法信息—标签说明2.1 表地域2.2 表行业和口吻2.3 表感情色彩3.附录表3.1 词性表3.2 语法信息—缩略语3.3 语法信息—用词《柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典》（COLLINS COBUILD ADV ANCED LEARNER’S ENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY）是柯林斯公司携手外研社为中国学习者量身定制的全新版本，突出强调了学习型词典的学习功能，同时在可读性和易用性方面均有大幅提升：词条丰富：总计收录词汇、短语及释义20万条，收录例句达11万条；例句地道：例证、用法说明均基于收词规模达43亿词、口语和书面语并重的语料库（the bank of English），着力呈现英国英语和美国英语，丰富、典型、地道！双语整句翻译：所有义项均采用中英文整句释义，成功凸现出词汇在典型语境中的典型用法，释义本身即是绝佳的例证；有用法辨析：柯林斯公司专门组织英语专家编写了符合中国学习者特点的词语用法辨析专栏（Usage Note），详细剖析了近义词以及相似表达方式的用法，解决语言学习的难点所在；独有语法信息：点击释义后的“语法信息“按钮，可显示丰富语法、搭配结构、语用等方面的信息，本词典有重要搭配及句式结构8，500余个，词语辨析及发音、拼写说明方框7,000余个；标注词频：提供词频标注，从最常用的五星级词汇到较少使用的一星词汇一目了然；（查词页面用了“常见度”，便于理解）注重口语：鼠标放置词条头部，显示音节划分。
用户可以根据划分的音节地道地朗读单词；与时俱进：词典增补了近几年出现的新词新义，保证了词典和社会语言的基本同步；专家推荐：北京外国语大学博士生导师刘润清先生亲自为本词典作序，“相信必定会对中国英语学习者大有裨益”。
1. 释义本词典具有中英文双解释义。
英文释义简单，便于理解，且富含关于查询单词的经典搭配、语法结构、语境和用法。
蕴含的信息十分丰富。
柯林斯字典使用指南《柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典》（COLLINS COBUILD ADV ANCED LEARNER’S ENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY）是柯林斯公司携手外研社为中国学习者量身定制的全新版本，突出强调了学习型词典的学习功能，同时在可读性和易用性方面均有大幅提升：词条丰富：总计收录词汇、短语及释义20万条，收录例句达11万条；例句地道：例证、用法说明均基于收词规模达43亿词、口语和书面语并重的语料库（the bank of English），着力呈现英国英语和美国英语，丰富、典型、地道！双语整句翻译：所有义项均采用中英文整句释义，成功凸现出词汇在典型语境中的典型用法，释义本身即是绝佳的例证；有用法辨析：柯林斯公司专门组织英语专家编写了符合中国学习者特点的词语用法辨析专栏（Usage Note），详细剖析了近义词以及相似表达方式的用法，解决语言学习的难点所在；独有语法信息：点击释义后的“语法信息“按钮，可显示丰富语法、搭配结构、语用等方面的信息，本词典有重要搭配及句式结构8，500余个，词语辨析及发音、拼写说明方框7,000余个；标注词频：提供词频标注，从最常用的五星级词汇到较少使用的一星词汇一目了然；（查词页面用了“常见度”，便于理解）注重口语：鼠标放置词条头部，显示音节划分。
用户可以根据划分的音节地道地朗读单词；与时俱进：词典增补了近几年出现的新词新义，保证了词典和社会语言的基本同步；专家推荐：北京外国语大学博士生导师刘润清先生亲自为本词典作序，“相信必定会对中国英语学习者大有裨益”。
1. 释义本词典具有中英文双解释义。
英文释义简单，便于理解，且富含关于查询单词的经典搭配、语法结构、语境和用法。
蕴含的信息十分丰富。
释义体现查询单词的经典搭配例：形容词savoury 的义项1表述为:Savoury food has a salty or spicy flavour rather than a sweet one.该释义表明savoury 用于描述食物，而不是其他东西。
柯林斯词典使用指南柯林斯词典使用指南1.简介1.1 柯林斯词典的背景与历史1.2 柯林斯词典的特点与优势2.版本说明2.1 柯林斯词典的不同版本及其区别2.2 如何选择适合的柯林斯词典版本3.主要功能3.1 查找词语的意义与释义3.2 词语的词性与用法解释3.3 提供词语的同义词与反义词3.4 提供例句与语用说明3.5 提供词语的发音与音标4.查词技巧4.1 使用词头进行查词4.2 使用通配符进行模糊查找4.3 利用索引进行查找4.4 利用双语对照进行学习5.高级功能5.1 提供单词的形态变化与派生词5.2 提供词语的短语搭配与习惯用语5.3 提供词语的词源与词语族谱5.4 提供词汇的国际化与语域区分6.在线使用与离线使用指南6.1 在线使用柯林斯词典的方法与步骤6.2 离线使用柯林斯词典的与安装6.3 离线使用柯林斯词典的常见问题与解决方法7.典型案例分析7.1 使用柯林斯词典解决语言难题7.2 使用柯林斯词典提升语言学习效率8.附件8.1 附录一：常见缩写与标识说明8.2 附录二：柯林斯词典的使用示例8.3 附录三：柯林斯词典的常见问题与解答法律名词及注释：1.衡量标准：在法律中指用于评判案件或行为是否合法的准则或规范。
2.法律解释：指对法律条文的解释与说明，以确定其适用范围与具体含义。
3.案件：指法院受理的与法律有关的争议或纠纷事件。
本文档涉及附件：请参考附录一、附录二和附录三。
本文所涉及的法律名词及注释：请参考上述法律名词及注释部分。
柯林斯，英语词典中的战斗机作者：张祖平来源：《电脑知识与技术·经验技巧》2017年第06期熟练地使用网络词典，可以极大地提高学习，工作效率。
在众多英语网络词典中，柯林斯词典（https：//）特色明显功能强大，令人爱不释手，下面一起来看看它的特色功能。
一、词型变化有读音在relax这个单词页面（https：///dictionary/english/relax），点击红色喇叭就可以听到其第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词的真人发音（图1）。
在few这个单词页面（https：///dictionary/english/few），点击红色喇叭就可以听到其比较级和最高级的真人发音（图2）。
二、海量例句真地道词汇学习应该从句子中学习，柯林斯词典提供了很多高质量的例句，以单词life页面为例（https：///dictionary/english/life），它提供了24个真实语境的例句，可谓壮观。
三、名言学习更有昧以success这个单词页面为例（https：//www.collinsdictiona/dictionary/english/success）.它列举了很多包含success的名人名言，包括爱因斯坦的经典名句：If A is success in life， then A equals X plusy plus Z.Work iS X；y iS play； and Z iS keeping your mouth shut.如果A代表生活中的成功，那么A=X+Y+Z，X是工作，Y是玩耍，Z是少说废话。
再如failure这个单词页面中（https：///dictionary/english/failure），含有美国作家阿尔伯特·哈伯德的名言：There is no failure except in no longer trying.要想没有失败，除非不再尝试。
这些名言读来脍炙人口，振聋发聩，其他很多单词页面也有名言例句，可谓经典。
柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全，是一本权威且全面的英语学习工具书，被广泛应用于英语教学领域。
本书内容丰富，覆盖了英语的各个方面，包括语法、词汇、用法等，对于学习者来说具有重要的参考价值。
下面将从以下几个方面对该书进行详细的介绍和分析：一、书籍概述柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全，是柯林斯出版社出版的一套英语学习工具书。
该系列包括了语法、词典、用法等多个方面，其中用法大全是该系列的重要组成部分。
该书主要囊括了英语的常见用法、搭配、习惯用语等内容，对于学习者来说颇具实用性。
二、书籍特点1.权威性：柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全由柯林斯出版社出版，具有较高的权威性和可信度。
该书对于英语用法进行了系统化的整理和总结，可以帮助学习者更好地掌握英语的正确用法。
2.全面性：该书内容覆盖了英语的方方面面，包括语法、词汇、习惯用语等，具有较强的全面性。
学习者可以通过阅读该书全面了解英语的各个方面，提高自己的英语水平。
3.实用性：柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全注重实际运用，对于学习者来说具有较强的实用性。
书中列举了大量的例句和用法说明，帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握英语的用法。
三、书籍内容柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1.基本语法知识：书中对英语的基本语法知识进行了详细的介绍和解释，包括句子结构、时态、语态等内容。
2.词汇用法：该书对英语常用词汇的用法进行了系统的总结和分类，帮助学习者更好地掌握词汇的用法。
3.习惯用语：书中列举了大量的英语习惯用语，并对其进行了解释和应用示范，有助于学习者更好地理解和运用这些习惯用语。
4.搭配用法：柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全还介绍了英语中常见的搭配用法，帮助学习者避免在表达时出现搭配错误。
四、书籍价值柯林斯cobuild英语用法大全作为一本英语学习工具书，具有重要的参考价值。
它可以帮助学习者系统地学习和掌握英语的基本语法知识和词汇用法，提高英语表达能力。
柯林斯英语用法指南English:Collins English Usage Guide is a comprehensive reference book that provides detailed explanations and examples on how to use English language correctly. It covers a wide range of topics such as grammar, punctuation, word usage, style, and common mistakes. The guide is designed to help both native speakers and English learners improve their writing and speaking skills by providing clear and concise explanations on various language rules and guidelines. It also includes tips on how to avoid common mistakes, choose the right words for different contexts, and enhance one's overall communication skills. With its user-friendly format and extensive coverage of English language usage, the Collins English Usage Guide is an essential resource for anyone looking to improve their English proficiency.中文翻译:柯林斯英语用法指南是一本全面的参考书，详细解释了如何正确使用英语语言，并提供了丰富的例子。
My Typology of Dictionaries王程程Typology of dictionaries:1.Classification by languages concerned:(1)monolingual dictionary(2)bilingual dictionary(3)multilingual dictionary2.Classification by content:(1)general-purpose dictionary(2)encyclopedic dictionary(3)specialized dictionary3.Classification by size:(1)unabridged dictionary(2)desk dictionary(3)concise dictionary(4)pocket dictionary(5)gem dictionary4.Classification by order of word-entry:(1)alphabetical order(2)other order5.Classification by target users:(1)dictionary for native speaker(2)dictionary for foreign language speakerHere I mainly give five kinds of classifications of dictionaries as I think these five could cover the majority of dictionaries on the market.The most conspicuous feature of dictionaries is the languages used, so I classify dictionaries according to this feature in the first place. I also think this classification could include nearly all the dictionaries. Then I divide dictionaries according to the content as content is a fairly important standard to evaluate the quality of dictionaries. On the other hand, this division could show some light to the compilers’ purpose for different target users. At last, dictionaries are categorized concerning the size because users always pay attention to the size when they are choosing dictionaries for their different requirements. The order of word-entry is especially important for users, so there is necessity to give them some guidance to facilitate their consult. At last, some dictionaries are compiled for different target users. As a result, I divide dictionaries according to the arrangement of word-entry and different target users separately.Examples:1.(1)monolingual dictionary: 《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》;《牛津英语搭配词典》;《高阶英语词典（英语版）》;《牛津简明英语大词典》; 《当代美国英语学习词典》;《郎文语言教学与应用语言学词典（英语版）》; 《柯林斯COBUILD英语学习词典》; 《新牛津英语词典》; 《剑桥国际英语词典》; 《剑桥美国英语词典》;(2) bilingual dictionary: 《外研社当代英语新词语词典》；《麦克米伦英汉双解词典》；《牛津现代英汉双解词典》；《汉英贸易和金融词典》;《外研社柯林斯英汉汉英词典》;《英汉经济贸易词典》;《郎文高阶英汉双解词典》;《大英汉词典》;《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》;《英汉美英报刊词典》;《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《现代英汉汉英词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《外研社现代汉英词典》; 《外研社高级英汉词典》; 《外研社英汉多功能词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《外研社建宏英汉多功能联想词典》; 《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《英汉汉英艺术词典》; 《外研社英汉医学词典》; 《外研社汉英医学词典》; 《新时代汉英词典》; 《剑桥国际英语短语动词词典（双语简体中文版）》; 《汉英汉语新词新义词典》; 《综合英汉科技大词典》; 《外国地名译名手册（中型本）》; 《英汉军事大词典》; 《朗文英汉双解活用词典（第三版》; 《英汉*汉英化学化工词典（第二版）英汉部分》; 《新英汉电信科技词典（第三版）》; 《英汉电工电子技术词典（第二版）》; 《新世纪英语新词语双解词典》; 《汉英分类翻译词典》; 《实用汉英百科分类词库》; 《汉英经贸词汇速查手册》; 《新世纪英汉国际经贸词典》; 《新牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《英汉双解剑桥国际英语词典》; 《英汉词典》; 《柯林斯英汉双解学习词典》; 《英汉双响计算机词典》；《英汉双向医学词典》；《英汉汉英化学化工词汇》2．(1)general-purpose dictionary:《麦克米伦英汉双解词典》；《牛津现代英汉双解词典》;《外研社柯林斯英汉汉英词典》;《郎文高阶英汉双解词典》;《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》;《牛津简明英语词典》;《大英汉词典》;《高阶英语词典（英语版）》;《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》;《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《牛津简明英语大词典》; 《现代英汉汉英词典》; 《当代美国英语学习词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《外研社现代汉英词典》; 《外研社高级英汉词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《外研社英语图解大词典》; 《牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《新时代汉英词典》; 《新牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《英汉词典》; 《钱伯斯基础英语词典》(2)encyclopedic dictionary:《牛津简明科学百科全书》; 《MIT认知科学百科全书》; 《实用汉英百科分类词库》(3) specialized dictionary: 《外研社当代英语新词语词典》；《汉英贸易和金融词典》;《牛津当代英语成语词典》;《牛津英语搭配词典》;《英汉经济贸易词典》;《牛津英语搭配词典》;《英语搭配大词典》;《英汉美英报刊词典》;《郎文语言教学与应用语言学词典（英语版）》; 《牛津英语习语词典》; 《外研社现代英语用法词典》;《英汉汉英艺术词典》; 《外研社英汉医学词典》; 《外研社汉英医学词典》; 《新世纪英语用法精粹词典》; 《英汉材料词汇》; 《数据通信与网络技术英文缩略语词典》; 《剑桥国际英语短语动词词典（双语简体中文版）》; 《汉英汉语新词新义词典》; 《朗文医学大辞典》; 《综合英汉科技大词典》; 《外国地名译名手册（中型本）》; 《英汉军事大词典》; 《英汉*汉英化学化工词典（第二版）英汉部分》; 《新英汉电信科技词典（第三版）》; 《英汉电工电子技术词典（第二版）》; 《新世纪英语新词语双解词典》; 《科技英语词语用法词典》; 《汉英分类翻译词典》; 《现代英语惯用法词典》; 《汉英经贸词汇速查手册》; 《英语常用词用法词典》; 《新世纪英汉国际经贸词典》; 《英汉双向计算机词典》;《英汉双向医学词典》；《英语发音词典》；《英汉汉英化学化工词汇》3.(1)unabridged dictionary: 《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《外研社英语图解大词典》;《大英汉词典》;《新牛津英汉双解大词典》(2) desk dictionary: 《麦克米伦英汉双解词典》;《牛津现代英汉双解词典》;《外研社柯林斯英汉汉英词典》;《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》;《高阶英语词典（英语版）》;《当代美国英语学习词典》; 《新时代汉英词典》(3) concise dictionary: 《牛津简明英语词典》;《牛津简明英语大词典》; 《牛津简明科学百科全书》(4) pocket dictionary: 《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》; 《汉英经贸词汇速查手册》(5) gem dictionary: none4.(1) alphabetical order: 《麦克米伦英汉双解词典》; 《牛津现代英汉双解词典》; 《外研社当代英语新词语词典》；《汉英贸易和金融词典》;《牛津当代英语成语词典》;《牛津英语搭配词典》;《英汉经济贸易词典》;《郎文高阶英汉双解词典》;《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》;《牛津英语搭配词典》;《牛津简明英语词典》;《大英汉词典》;《高阶英语词典（英语版）》;《英语搭配大词典》;《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》;《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《牛津简明英语大词典》; 《当代美国英语学习词典》; 《郎文语言教学与应用语言学词典（英语版）》; 《牛津英语习语词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《外研社现代汉英词典》; 《外研社高级英汉词典》; 《外研社汉英词典》; 《牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《新世纪汉英大词典》; 《新时代汉英词典》; 《新世纪学生英语词典》; 《新牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《剑桥国际英语词典》; 《英汉双解剑桥国际英语词典》; 《剑桥美国英语词典》; 《英汉词典》(2) other order: 《汉英分类翻译词典》;《实用汉英百科分类词库》5.(1)dictionary for native speaker: 《牛津简明英语大词典》; 《英语会话词典》; 《现代英汉汉英词典》;《郎文语言教学与应用语言学词典（英语版）》;《新牛津英语词典》(2) dictionary for foreign language speaker: 《麦克米伦英汉双解词典》;《牛津当代英语成语词典》; 《外研社当代英语新词语词典》；《汉英贸易和金融词典》;《牛津当代英语成语词典》;《张道真高级英语词典》;《郎文高阶英汉双解词典》;《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》;《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》; 《英汉美英报刊词典》; 《郎文语言教学与应用语言学词典》; 《外研社英语图解大词典》; 《牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《外研社建宏英汉多功能联想词典》; 《剑桥国际英语短语动词词典（双语简体中文版）》; 《新世纪学生英语词典》; 《外国地名译名手册（中型本）》; 《英汉军事大词典》; 《朗文英汉双解活用词典（第三版》; 《新世纪英语新词语双解词典》; 《新世纪英汉国际经贸词典》; 《新牛津英汉双解大词典》; 《英汉双解剑桥国际英语词典》; 《柯林斯英汉双解学习词典》。
柯林斯英语用法大全
柯林斯英语用法大全是一本由柯林斯英语词典出版商出版的综合英语用法指南。
这本参考书涵盖了英语的各个方面，包括词汇、语法、句子结构、短语用法等等。
柯林斯英语用法大全提供了大量例句和解释，帮助读者理解词语和句子的用法和含义。
它还包括了各种语境和语用说明，帮助读者了解在不同情况下如何正确使用词语和句子。
这本大全还包括了一些常见的错误用法和语法问题，并提供了正确的用法和解释。
它还提供了一些语法规则和规范，帮助读者避免常见的语法错误。
柯林斯英语用法大全适用于英语学习者和使用者，从初学者到高级水平都能从中受益。
它可以作为一个工具书，用于查找和解决各种语言问题。
总的来说，柯林斯英语用法大全是一本全面而实用的英语参考书，对于希望提高英语用法和表达能力的人来说是一本不可或缺的工具。
柯林斯英语用法指南In the vast and complex world of the English language, the Collins English Usage Guide stands as a beacon ofclarity and precision. This authoritative tome is not justa reference book; it is a comprehensive toolbox for writers, speakers, and language enthusiasts alike. As we delve into the rich content of this guide, we embark on a journey to master the nuances of the language and refine our communication skills.The Collins English Usage Guide is renowned for its meticulous attention to detail. It covers a wide range of topics, from the basics of grammar and punctuation to advanced discussions on word choice and style. The book's comprehensive approach ensures that readers have access to all the necessary information to make informed decisions about language usage.One of the standout features of this guide is its user-friendly format. The clear layout and concise explanations make it easy to navigate, even for those who are notfamiliar with the intricacies of the English language. The examples provided are not just theoretical; they are real-world scenarios that help readers understand how the rules apply in practical situations.The emphasis on cultural sensitivity is another noteworthy aspect of the Collins English Usage Guide. Language is not just about grammar and vocabulary; it is also a reflection of our culture and society. This guide recognizes the importance of understanding the cultural context behind language usage, making it a valuable resource for those who want to communicate effectively across different cultures.For writers, the Collins English Usage Guide is an invaluable ally. It provides insights into the best practices of writing, helping authors craft clear, concise, and impactful prose. Whether you're a seasoned professional or a budding author, this guide will equip you with the tools you need to elevate your writing to new heights.Speakers will also find this guide invaluable. The emphasis on clear pronunciation and the nuances of spoken language ensures that readers can convey their messages effectively, regardless of the medium. The guide's emphasis on the importance of listening skills complements its focuson speaking, reminder us that communication is a two-way street.In addition to its practical applications, the Collins English Usage Guide also serves as a celebration of the beauty and diversity of the English language. It encourages readers to appreciate the rich tapestry of words andphrases that make up our language, and to use them with confidence and precision.In conclusion, the Collins English Usage Guide is a comprehensive resource for anyone who wants to master theart of language usage. Its attention to detail, user-friendly format, and focus on cultural sensitivity make ita must-have for writers, speakers, and language enthusiasts. As we delve deeper into the world of English, let us remember that the Collins English Usage Guide is ourtrusted companion, guiding us towards clearer, moreeffective communication.**柯林斯英语用法指南：语言艺术之钥**在英语这一广阔且复杂的世界里，柯林斯英语用法指南就像一座灯塔，为我们指明清晰和精确的方向。
柯林斯COBUILD转述法：从入门到精通的PDF指南在当今信息爆炸的时代，如何快速、准确地理解并转述他人的观点成为一项重要的技能。
柯林斯COBUILD转述法，作为一种高效、精确的转述技巧，受到了广泛的欢迎和应用。
本文将通过一篇详细的PDF指南，帮助你掌握这一方法，提升你的语言表达能力。
一、什么是柯林斯COBUILD转述法？柯林斯COBUILD转述法是一种语言技巧，用于准确、公正地传达他人的观点，同时避免直接引用或抄袭。
这一方法强调尊重原创，同时保护原作者的知识产权，是学术、商务和日常生活中不可或缺的技能。
二、为什么需要掌握柯林斯COBUILD转述法？在信息时代，我们每天都会接触到大量的信息。
为了快速理解并分享这些信息，我们需要掌握一种可靠的转述方法。
柯林斯COBUILD转述法可以帮助我们准确、公正地传达他人的观点，避免误解和法律纠纷。
同时，良好的转述技巧也是个人语言表达能力的重要体现。
三、如何掌握柯林斯COBUILD转述法？1.理解转述原则：首先，你需要理解柯林斯COBUILD转述法的核心原则，包括尊重原创、保护知识产权、准确传达信息等。
这些原则将指导你在转述过程中的行为和决策。
2.识别关键信息：在转述他人的观点之前，你需要仔细阅读原文，并识别其中的关键信息，如作者的观点、论据、数据等。
这将帮助你准确理解原文的核心内容。
3.改写句子结构：在转述时，你可以通过改变句子结构来保持原有的意思，同时避免直接引用。
例如，你可以使用同义词替换原词，或者改变句子的语序和语气。
4.遵循学术规范：在学术写作中，你需要遵循一定的学术规范，如引用格式、引用方式等。
这有助于确保你的转述符合学术要求，避免产生学术不端行为。
5.练习与反馈：掌握柯林斯COBUILD转述法需要大量的练习。
你可以通过模拟情境、写作实践等方式进行练习，并及时获取他人的反馈和建议。
这将帮助你不断改进自己的转述技巧。
四、如何使用柯林斯COBUILD转述法进行写作？1.确定转述目的：在开始写作之前，你需要明确转述的目的和受众。
柯林斯释义词-回复“柯林斯释义词”是指基于柯林斯词典（Collins Dictionary）所提供的释义来解释某个特定单词或短语。
柯林斯词典是一本广泛被使用的英文词典，提供了详细而准确的释义，并且对例句、语源、词性等也有详细的解释。
柯林斯词典拥有丰富的词库，并且经过多年的发展，已经成为英语学习者和母语使用者的重要辅助工具。
在这篇文章中，我们将以“友谊”为主题，通过柯林斯词典的释义来解释这个概念。
我们将逐步解释“友谊”的定义、特点、重要性以及如何培养和维持友谊。
首先，我们来看柯林斯词典对“友谊”的定义：“友谊是指两个或更多人之间的关系，他们之间彼此信赖且彼此关心”。
这个定义强调了信任和关心的重要性，这是友谊的核心要素。
友谊是一种与他人建立深入联系、互相扶持和分享乐趣的关系。
接下来，我们来分析一下柯林斯词典对“友谊”的特点。
柯林斯词典指出，友谊需要彼此的信任，这意味着朋友们能够信赖对方，分享他们的想法和感受。
此外，友谊还需要两个人之间的关心和支持。
友谊的特点也包括互相尊重和赞赏，互相理解和包容。
友谊还需要交流和分享，通过相互交流，朋友们能够更好地了解彼此，建立更深入的关系。
友谊对个人来说，具有重要的意义和影响。
根据柯林斯词典的解释，“友谊对一个人的幸福和福祉有着积极的影响”。
与朋友交往能够带来快乐、支持和安慰。
在困难时期，朋友的关心和支持可以帮助我们度过难关。
而快乐时，朋友的陪伴和分享可以增进我们的快乐。
友谊还带来了新的经历和机会，通过朋友们的推荐和引荐，我们可以认识更多的人，拓宽我们的人际关系网络。
那么，如何培养和维持友谊呢？柯林斯词典给出了一些指导。
首先，诚实和真诚是培养和维持友谊的关键。
朋友之间应该相互信任和真诚地交流。
其次，互相支持和关心也是关键。
朋友们应该关心对方的喜怒哀乐，有时候提供帮助和支持。
同时，尊重和包容也是友谊的基石。
朋友们应该尊重对方的观点和选择，理解对方的需求和情感。
另外，时间的投入也是友谊的必要条件。
特色介绍使用向导1.释义2.语法信息—标签说明表地域表行业和口吻表感情色彩3.附录表词性表语法信息—缩略语语法信息—用词《柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典》（COLLINS COBUILD ADVANCED LEARNER’S ENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY）是柯林斯公司携手外研社为中国学习者量身定制的全新版本，突出强调了学习型词典的学习功能，同时在可读性和易用性方面均有大幅提升：词条丰富：总计收录词汇、短语及释义20万条，收录例句达11万条；例句地道：例证、用法说明均基于收词规模达43亿词、口语和书面语并重的语料库（the bank of English），着力呈现英国英语和美国英语，丰富、典型、地道！双语整句翻译：所有义项均采用中英文整句释义，成功凸现出词汇在典型语境中的典型用法，释义本身即是绝佳的例证；有用法辨析：柯林斯公司专门组织英语专家编写了符合中国学习者特点的词语用法辨析专栏（Usage Note），详细剖析了近义词以及相似表达方式的用法，解决语言学习的难点所在；独有语法信息：点击释义后的“语法信息“按钮，可显示丰富语法、搭配结构、语用等方面的信息，本词典有重要搭配及句式结构8，500余个，词语辨析及发音、拼写说明方框7,000余个；标注词频：提供词频标注，从最常用的五星级词汇到较少使用的一星词汇一目了然；（查词页面用了“常见度”，便于理解）注重口语：鼠标放置词条头部，显示音节划分。
用户可以根据划分的音节地道地朗读单词；与时俱进：词典增补了近几年出现的新词新义，保证了词典和社会语言的基本同步；专家推荐：北京外国语大学博士生导师刘润清先生亲自为本词典作序，“相信必定会对中国英语学习者大有裨益”。
1. 释义本词典具有中英文双解释义。
英文释义简单，便于理解，且富含关于查询单词的经典搭配、语法结构、语境和用法。
蕴含的信息十分丰富。
释义体现查询单词的经典搭配例：形容词 savoury 的义项1表述为:Savoury food has a salty or spicy flavour rather than a sweet one.该释义表明savoury 用于描述食物，而不是其他东西。
释义体现语法结构例：形容词 candid 的释义1表述为:When you are candid about something or with someone, you speak honestly.该释义表明 candid 搭配介词 about 与某事物连用，搭配介词 with 与某人连用。
释义体现语境和用法例：awful 的释义:If you say that something is awful, you mean that it is extremelyunpleasant, shocking, or bad.在这个释义中，if you say that 和 you mean that 这两个表达暗示被释义词用于表达主观感受，而不是客观存在。
2. 语法信息—标签说明查询单词的释义后面有的会有“语法信息”按钮，点击或鼠标放置按钮上，弹出的tip中含有关于该单词的语法搭配、使用语境、行业及地域等信息表地域BRIT 英:表示主要由英国及其他使用或教授英国英语的地区的讲话人或写作者使用的英语。
相关词条给出了对应的美国英语形式。
AM 美:表示主要由美国及其他使用或教授美国英语的地区的讲话人或写作者使用的英语。
相关词条给出了对应的英国英语形式。
其他地域标签:表示世界上其他地区使用的英语，如 AUSTRALIAN【澳】,IRISH【爱尔兰】, NORTHERN ENGLISH【英格兰北部】和SCOTTISH【苏格兰】。
表行业和口吻BUSINESS 商:主要用于商业领域，如 annuity (年金保险合同)。
COMPUTING 计算机:主要用于计算机领域，如 chat room (聊天室)。
DIALECT 方言:用于某些英语方言中，如ain’t（不是；没有）。
FORMAL 正式:主要用于正式场合，或者为政治、商业机构所使用，或是在以权威人士为谈话或阅读对象时使用，如 gratuity（小费）。
HUMOROUS 幽默:主要用来表示某个词或表达方式为幽默用法，如 gents (男厕所)。
INFORMAL 非正式:主要用于非正式场合、谈话和私人信件中，如 pep talk（鼓舞士气的话）。
JOURNALISM 新闻:主要用于新闻写作，如 glass ceiling（玻璃天花板；隐形顶障）。
LEGAL 法律:主要用于法律文件、法庭以及由警察在正式场合使用，如manslaughter（过失杀人）。
LITERARY 文:主要用于小说、诗歌和其他文学体裁，如 plaintive（悲伤的）。
MEDICAL 医:主要用于医学文献以及由医生在正式场合使用，如 psychosis（精神病）。
MILITARY 军:主要用于谈论或书写军事术语，如 armour (装甲部队)。
OFFENSIVE 冒犯:表示可能冒犯或侮辱他人；带有此标签的词语通常应避免使用，如 cripple (瘸子)。
OLD-FASHIONED 过时:表示通常认为过时、不再普遍使用的词语，如 dashing (潇洒的)。
RUDE 无礼:主要用来标记可能被某些人视为禁忌语的词语；带有此标签的词语通常应避免使用，如 bloody(该死的)。
SPOKEN 口语:主要用于口头谈话，不用于书面表达，如 pardon (对不起)。
TECHNICAL 术语:主要用于对商业、科学、音乐等专门学科中的对象、事件、过程等内容进行讨论或写作时，如 biotechnology（生物技术）。
TRADEMARK 商标:表示专属商标，如 hoover（真空吸尘器）。
VERY OFFENSIVE 非常冒犯 :极有可能冒犯或侮辱他人；带有此标签的词应避免使用，如 wog（外国佬）。
表感情色彩approval 赞同:有些词汇和表达方式可以用来表示认可赞同所谈及的人或事物，如 angelic（天使般的）。
disapproval 不赞同:有些词汇和表达方式可以用来表示厌恶反感所谈及的人或事物，如 brat（淘气鬼）。
emphasis 强调:许多词汇和表达方式用来强调所要阐述的观点，如never-ending（永无休止的）。
feelings 情感:表达对某事物或某人的感情也是一种语用功能，如unfortunately（不幸的是）。
Formulae 套语:英语中有很多词汇和表达方式相对比较固定，在特定场合使用，比如问候、致谢或表示承认时，如 hi（嗨）, congratulations（恭喜）。
politeness 礼貌:英语中某些词汇和表达方式用来表示礼貌客气，有时甚至是委婉语，如 elderly（年长的；上年纪的）。
vagueness 含糊:说话人和写作者会使用很多词汇和表达方式来表示对事实的确信程度或陈述的效度。
我们把这种语用信息称为“模糊”，有时也被叫做“模糊调和”或者“情态”，如 presumably（大概）。
3. 附录表词性表英文缩写英语词性中文词性ADJ adjective形容词ADV adverb副词AUX auxiliary verb助动词COLOUR colour word颜色词COMB combining form构词成分CONJ conjunction连词CONVENTION convention惯用语DET determiner限定词EXCLAM exclamation感叹语FRACTION fraction分数词LINK V-LINK连系动词MODAL modal verb情态动词N-COUNT count noun可数名词N-COUNT-COLL collective count 可数集合名词nounN-FAMILY family noun家庭成员名词N-IN-NAMES noun in names名称名词N-MASS mass noun物质名词N-PLURAL plural noun复数名词N-PROPER proper noun专有名词collective properN-PROPER-COLL专有集合名词nounN-PROPER-PLURAL plural proper noun专有复数名词N-SING singular noun单数名词collective singularN-SING-COLL单数集合名词nounN-TITLE title noun头衔名词N-UNCOUNT uncount noun不可数名词collective uncount不可数集合名词N-UNCOUNT-COLLnounN-VAR variable noun可变名词collective variable可变集合名词N-VAR-COLLnounN-VOC vocative noun称呼名词NEG negative否定词NUM number数词ORD ordinal序数词PASSIVE V-PASSIVE被动动词PHRASAL VERB phrasal verb短语动词PHRASE phrase短语PREDET predeterminer前置限定词PREFIX prefix前缀PREP preposition介词PREP-PHRASE phrasal preposition短语介词PRON pronoun代词QUANT quantifier数量词QUANT-PLURAL plural quantifier复数数量词QUEST question word疑问词RECIP V-RECIP相互动词SOUND sound word声音词SUFFIX suffix后缀VERB verb动词V-LINK link verb连系动词V-PASSIVE passive verb被动动词V-RECIP reciprocal verb相互动词passive reciprocal被动相互动词V-RECIP-PASSIVEverb语法信息—缩略语英文缩英语词性中文词性写adj adjective group形容词词组adj-comcomparative form形容词比较级形式paradj-supsuperlative form形容词最高级形式erladv adverb group副词词组amountword or phrase indicating an amount ofsomething数量词或数量短语as if clause beginning with as if or as though以 as if 或 as though开头的从句或分句brd-neg broad negative广义否定结构cl clause从句或分句colour colour word颜色词compar comparative form比较级形式cont continuous进行时态def-n definite noun group限定性名词词组def-n-uncountdefinite noun group with an uncount noun含不可数名词的限定性名词词组def-pl-n definite noun group with a noun in theplural含复数名词的限定性名词词组det determiner限定词det-posspossessive determiner所有格限定词-ed past participle of a verb动词过去分词groupnoun group, adjective, adverb, orprepositional phrase 名词词组、形容词、副词或介词短语imper imperative祈使inf infinitive form of a verb动词不定式-ing present participle of a verb动词现在分词it‘introductory’ or ‘dummy’it 起引导作用或虚指的 it like clause beginning with like以 like 开头的从句n noun or noun group名词或名词词组pron)noun group, but not a personal pronoun名词词组（不包括人称代词）names names of places or institutions地方或机构名称neg negative word否定词non-recipverb pattern with no reciprocal meaning无相互意义的动词结构n-properproper noun专有名词num number数词n-uncou nt uncount noun or noun group with anuncount noun不可数名词或含不可数名词的名词词组oft often经常ord ordinal序数词P particle, part of a phrasal verb小品词，短语动词的一部分passive passive voice被动语态pl plural复数pl-nnoun in the plural, plural noun group,co-ordinated noun group 复数名词、复数名词词组或并列名词词组pl-num plural number复数数词poss possessive所有格prep prepositional phrase or preposition介词短语或介词pron pronoun代词pron-indefindefinite pronoun不定代词pron-recipreciprocal pronoun相互代词reflexive pronoun反身代词flpron-rerelative pronoun关系代词lquest question word疑问词quote direct speech直接引语sing singular单数sing-n noun in the singular单数名词supplementary information accompanyingsupp名词补语a nounthat‘that’-clause that引导的从句to-inf the to-infinitive form of a verb带 to 的动词不定式usu usually通常v verb or verb group动词或动词词组v-cont continuous verb延续性动词V-ed past participle of the verb动词过去分词V-ing present participle of the verb动词现在分词v-link link verb连系动词way way preceded by a possessive determiner前带所有格限定词的 way特殊疑问词或由此类词引导的从wh wh-word, clause beginning with a wh-word句语法信息—用词after: *after v 意为位于动词后，表示某词或者紧接在动词后，或者位于动词和另外一个词或短语后，抑或位于分句开头的显著位置。
