专八模考翻译部分讲评

英语专业八级考试翻译辅导讲座材料一、八级考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定1、测试目的：考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力2、题型：本题为主观试题。

分两部分：第一部分汉译英，由300字左右的汉语短文组成，其中有150字左右的文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印，要求考生将此部分译成英语。

第二部分英译汉。

由300个单词左右的英语短文组成，其中150个左右单词文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印，要求考生将此部分译成汉语。

3、测试要求：汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧，以每小时译约250－300汉字的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150字左右。

译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

英译汉要求考生运用英译汉理论与技巧，以每小时译约250英语单词的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150单词左右。

译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

4、考试时间：60分钟，两部分的写作时间可互相调剂使用。

二、考试项目、时间、题数及分数三、翻译原文的主要文体及话题主要问题为散文、议论文和政论文。

汉语散文的特点是形散神不散。

所以在翻译成英文时，要适当增加英语连词、副词等以使语句连贯，意义完整。

议论文既有描述，又有议论，夹叙夹议。

注意时态变化和习惯用法。

政论文往往语句较长，且不时地用被动语态。

所以在翻译时，语句结构要作调整，语态要作变化。

话题涉及社会热点，人生感悟，教育批评，读书学习等。

四、翻译中的关键问题一）理解问题：1. 词汇量问题：生词；熟词的多义性；粗心大意弄错词a. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orangeblossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short.* 我（妒忌）每场婚礼，因为它意味着要供应桔子花，这么多金色的水果的希望就砍断了。

b. It was tempting to say that Sept 11 changed all that, just as it istempting to say that every hero needs a villain, and goodness needsevil as its grinding stone. But try to look a widow in the eye andtalking about all the good that has come of this.* 令人引诱的说出9.11事件改变了这一切，正如（）英雄需要恶棍来陪衬，善良需要邪恶来作为磨刀石。

法语专八真题翻译答案解析法语专八考试是法语学习者尤其是专业学习法语的学生们努力追求的一个目标。

翻译部分是专八考试的一个重要组成部分，也是考生们相对比较薄弱的一个环节。

本文将针对专八真题中的翻译部分进行答案解析，帮助考生们更好地了解并应对考试。

首先，我们来看一道实例题目：原文：Les élections présidentielles en France sedéroulent tous les cinq ans. Le président de la République française est élu au suffrage universel direct.参考答案：法国总统选举每五年举行一次。

法国总统由直接普选产生。

解析：这道题目主要考察对词组和句子的理解和翻译能力。

首先，"les élections présidentielles"可以直接翻译为"总统选举"；"se déroulent tous les cinq ans"可以翻译为"每五年举行一次"；"le président de la République française"可以翻译为"法国总统"；"est élu au suffrage universel direct"可以翻译为"由直接普选产生"。

接下来，我们来看一道较难的题目：原文：La France est le premier pays à libérer Auschwitz. Son président, François Hollande, l'a déclaré en ces termes : "La France assume pleinement saresponsabilité."参考答案：法国是第一个解放奥斯维辛集中营的国家。

英译汉评分标准：按照“忠实60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分优秀（100-90）良好（89-90）中等（79-70）及格（69-60）不及格（59分以下）忠实60% 原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致除个别次要信息有疏漏之外，原文的重要信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致有少量理解错误或个别漏译，但主要精神与原文一致有个别重大错误或遗漏，部分信息含混，但总体上基本达意误译、漏译较多，不能传达原文主要精神通顺40% 断句恰当，句式正确。

选词妥帖。

段落之间、句子之间互应自然，有一定文采选词较正确、得体。

句子组织与安排符合汉语规范拘泥于英文的句式，行文不够顺达，但没有重大的选词和句式错误语句不够连贯，行文灰色，有个别重大的选词和句式错误用词不当，行文不通顺，语言不符合汉语规范汉译英评分标准：按照“忠实60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分优秀（100-90）良好（89-90）中等（79-70）及格（69-60）不及格（59分以下）忠实60% 原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致除个别次要信息有疏漏之外，原文的重要信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致有少量理解错误或个别漏译，但主要精神与原文一致有个别重大错误或遗漏，部分信息含混，但总体上基本达意误译、漏译较多，不能传达原文主要精神通顺40% 句式处理恰当，选词妥帖，英语比较地道语言基本合乎英语规范。

行文比较流畅有个别句子结构错误和词不达意现象。

行文不够流畅有逐字硬译，不符合英语表达习惯的现象。

句子不连贯，比较费解有大量的语法和用词错误。

1/3以上的句子生搬硬套，不知所云英语专业八级考试翻译评分标准(Grade Score Description)5 10-9 EXCELLENT TRANSLATIONThe translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor errors in vocabulary, syntax, punctuation or spelling. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns).4 8-7 GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIESThe translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth and cohesive).3 6-5 PASSABLE TRANSLATION WITH SOME INACCURACIESThe translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, for the most part, readable.2 4-3 INADEQUATE TRANSLATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIESThe translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, in some parts, unreadable.1 2-1 POOR TRANSLATIONThe translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is , for the most part, unreadable.。

滚石不生苔A rolling stone gathers no moss趁热打铁Strike while the iron is hot碳酸钙calcium carbonate ；沉淀物deposit磷光闪闪the phosphorescent glimmer九寨沟英文导游词发布时间:2023-09-12Good morning ladies and gentlemen.A Chinese saying has made it very well, Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination. It is my pleasure to be your tour guide today, I am Helen . It is said that if there should be wonderlands on the earth, Jiuzhai Valley must be one of them.A Chinese slang says: Never want any other mountain after coming back from Wuyue. Never want any other water after coming back from JiuzhaiJiuzhai Valley is a great masterpiece of nature having dreamlike scenery. It combines blue lakes, waterfalls, verdant forests, snow-covered mountains, and the folk customs of the Tibetan and Qiang peoples.So today we will introduce it in these four aspects: Brief introduction, scenery, folk custom and special products. And we will stress the scenery.First is introduction, Jiuzhai Valley or Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture(阿坝藏族羌族自治区) of Sichuan Province. a province in south western China. It is known for its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes, and was declared a World Heritage Site in 1992. Its name is due to the existence of nine stockaded villages of Tibetan origin,Next is the scnery.the formation of the three main channels is “Y”shaped.so we will tour the three channels: rize valley, shuzheng valley, zezhawa valley and at last we will enjoy its four seasons’sceneries.Now, please go to rize valley first. The 18 km long Rize Valley (日则沟) is the south-western branch of Jiuzhai valley. It runs from Nuorilang in the centre of the park to the Primeval Forest at the top of the right branch of the “Y”.It contains the largest variety of sites and is typically visited first. Going downhill from its highest point, one passes the following sites: The Primeval Forest (原始森林),Swan Lake (天鹅海) ,Grass Lake (草海) ,Arrow Bamboo Lake (箭竹海),Panda Lake (熊猫海),Five Flower Lake (五花海) ,Pearl Shoal (珍珠滩),Mirror Lake (镜海) Let’s enjoy them together.Wuhua Sea is the essence of Jiuzhai valley. The top of the sea is the best place to take photos Next is shuzheng valley. The Shuzheng Valley (树正沟) is the northern (main) branch of Jiuzhai valley. It ends after 14.5 km at the Y-shaped intersection of the three gullies. Going downhill from the intersection to the mouth of the valley, visitors encounter the following: Nuorilang Falls (诺日朗瀑布)Nuorilang Lakes (诺日朗群海),Sleeping Dragon Lake (卧龙海),Reed Lake (芦苇海) Now let’s tour these beautiful sceneriesThe last is zezhawa valley.The Zechawa Gully (则查洼沟) is the south-eastern branch of Jiuzhai valley. It is approximately the same length as Rize gully (18 km) but climbs to a higher altitude (3150 m at the Long Lake). Going downhill from its highest point, it features the following sites: Long Lake (长海),Five-Color Pond (五彩池),The Seasonal Lakes (季节海) Long Lake is the largest lake in Jiuzhai valley Scenic AreaThe five-color pond is well-known for its multiple colors. It is like a fallen palette with colors Now we will move onto its four seasons’sceneries.Sceneries in four seasons are different. All the four seasons in Jiuzhai valley has it own features, any season is good. Most visitors choose spring or autumn, while the best time for traveling is October. But some people still prefer to come in winter; anyway, it is personal preference.Spring: Snow and ice melt, Flowers are in full bloom, Surface of the lake is just like a mirror Summer: Gentle wind, Cool, Best scenery: the waterfallAutumn: Brightest season, Colorful maple, Blue and clear sky, most beautiful Winter: Quiet, Rich in poetic and artistic flavor, Ice world There is a poem express jiuzhai valley like this: At last let’s see their folk customer and special products together.After our introduction, we hope you can like it .welcome go to jiuzhai valley for travel at your free time. That’s all! Thank you!2023 专业八级汉译英真题茶花（Camellia）的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。

专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. (Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from China’s former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)正确答案：比方说，他们的家庭关系还是异常紧密(包括祖父母、叔伯、姑姨、堂兄妹，还有其他人)。

2020.5黑龙江教育·理论与实践作者简介：梁博男（1984—），男，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士，讲师，研究方向：认知语言学、翻译理论与翻译教学。

基金项目：2019年度省哲学社会科学研究规划项目（19YYE308）；2019年度黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费黑龙江大学专项资金人文社科创新项目（RWSKCX201926）；2019年度全国翻译专业学位研究生教育指导委员会教育研究项目（MTIJZW201905）；2019年省社科联外语专项项目（WY2019061-C ）；2018年黑龙江省高等教育教学改革项目（SJGY20180394）；2017年度省教育科学规划备案课题（青年专项）（GBD1317077）；2017年黑龙江大学新世纪教育教学改革工程项目（2017C45）2020年第5期（总第1317期）No.5，2020Serial No.1317黑龙江教育（理论与实践）HEILONGJIANG EDUCATION（Theory &Practice ）2006年初，翻译专业正式得到国家教育部批准，成为一门独立的学科，复旦大学、广东外语外贸大学、河北师范大学作为第一批试点单位开始试招收翻译专业本科生。

本科翻译专业从最初试办到逐渐发展壮大，截止到2019年5月，共有281所高校获得教育部批准试办翻译本科专业学位。

2014年初，高等教育出版社和广东外语外贸大学成立国际语言研究与发展中心，联合教育部高等学校翻译专业教学协作组，组建全国翻译专业八级考试研发团队，历时五年，综合业内翻译学、测试学专家的多次论证，考试已初见雏形。

一、高等学校翻译专业本科教学要求及教学质量国家标准解读《高等学校翻译专业本科教学要求》（2012）（以下简称《教学要求》）及《高等学校教学质量国家标准》（2018）（以下简称《国标》）指出“高等学校本科翻译专业旨在培养德才兼备、具有宽阔的国际视野的通用型翻译专业人才。

毕业生能够胜任外事、经贸、教育、文化、科技、军事等领域中一般难度的笔译、口译或其他跨文化交流工作”。

英语专八阅读理解模拟试题(附带翻译及解析)考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise；and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha！experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just ofimplementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.答案与考点解析1. 「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。

英语专业八级翻译技巧点评随着全球化时代的到来，翻译成为了一个越来越重要的职业。

尤其是英语专业八级翻译考试，是评价一个英语专业人才水平的重要标准之一。

在这篇文章中，我将对英语专业八级翻译技巧进行点评和讨论，希望能够对广大考生们有所帮助。

一、语言功底扎实首先，要想在英语专业八级翻译考试中取得好成绩，一个人的语言功底必须要扎实。

无论是英语的词汇量、语法知识，还是对英美文化的了解，都是需要重点加强的部分。

只有拥有扎实的语言功底，才能够准确地理解原文的含义，进行准确的翻译。

二、理解原文文意在翻译过程中，准确地理解原文的文意是至关重要的。

只有透彻理解原文，才能够准确地传达出来。

因此，学生在备考英语专业八级翻译考试时，需要注重阅读原文的技巧。

可以通过大量的英语原文阅读，提高对原文的理解能力。

三、准确把握语境准确把握语境也是英语专业八级翻译考试中的一个关键点。

同一句话在不同的语境下，可能会有不同的翻译方式。

因此，在翻译时，要细致入微地分析句子的上下文，并合理地选择翻译策略。

这样才能够让译文更加准确地表达出原文的含义。

四、积累专业词汇英语专业八级翻译考试是一个考察学生专业知识的重要环节。

因此，学生在备考时要注重积累专业词汇。

可以通过课堂学习、专业书籍的阅读等方式，不断地扩大自己的专业词汇量。

熟练掌握专业词汇，才能够在翻译过程中更加准确地表达出来。

五、逐步提高翻译水平提高翻译水平是一个逐步的过程。

学生在备考英语专业八级翻译考试时，可以通过多做翻译练习题，逐步提高自己的翻译水平。

对于每一次练习中出现的问题，都要认真总结并找出解决方法。

只有不断地积累和提高，才能够在考试中取得好成绩。

六、注重实际应用英语专业八级翻译考试是一个实践能力的考察，而不仅仅是理论知识的回答。

因此，在备考过程中，学生要注重实际应用。

可以通过参加翻译实习、实践翻译等活动，提高自己的实际翻译能力。

只有真正地将所学知识应用到实践中，才能够更好地掌握翻译技巧。

全国翻译专业八级考试解析
全国翻译专业八级考试是一门测试翻译能力的考试。

考试包括多个部分，主要涉及翻
译理论、翻译实践和翻译能力的测试。

以下是对考试内容的解析。

翻译理论部分主要考察考生对翻译理论的理解和掌握程度。

该部分题目包括选择题和
简答题。

选择题主要测试考生对翻译概念、原则和方法的理解。

简答题则要求考生对一些
翻译理论问题进行详细阐述，要求考生对翻译过程中的困难和挑战有深入的理解和思考。

翻译实践部分主要考察考生的翻译实践能力。

该部分题目包括翻译句子、段落或文章，要求考生根据给出的源文，准确、流畅地翻译成目标语。

该部分题目分为中译英和英译中
两种类型。

中译英要求考生将中文转化成英文，英译中则要求考生将英文转化成中文。

该
部分主要考察考生的翻译准确性、语言流畅度和翻译技巧。

在备考全国翻译专业八级考试时，考生需要掌握和理解翻译的基本理论知识，同时通
过大量的翻译练习来提高自己的翻译能力。

平时可以多读一些外文文献，尝试进行翻译，
并对自己的翻译进行反思和改进。

英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案（1995-2008,缺2007年）说明：本处提供的参考答案完全是为了教学、教育目的而制作，参考答案分别源自洛阳师范学院英语系语言学教研室及邹申主编的《新编高等院校英语专业八级考试指南》［2001，上海：上海外语教育出版社］（转引自松园英文书院/tem8/tem-8.htm）和《中国翻译》等，供同学们学习、比较。

1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to re ctify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the sha red riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in smallplaces that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。

专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and out of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to Vancouver within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.解析：1、本段为述评性文字，故总体上采用一般现在时，根据原文的意思间杂使用过去时。

2、第2句的“地广人稀”是笼统的说法，其后的“国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万”用事实与数据来加以具体的描述，符合汉语的表达形式；但英文注重简洁，所以可以在译文中将“地广人稀”的意思进行部分省略，即省略“地广”，将“人稀”与“人口却不足3000万”合并译成sparsely populated with a population of less than 30minion，避免意义上的重复累赘。

3、第3句的“吸收”此处意为允许外来人移居，因此译为admitting较为贴切；“国策”即国家政策，英文为national policy，若按字面意思将其译为national policy pursued byCanada，意思准确，但略显累赘；“奉行”二字在译文中可以省略。

4、第4句较长，翻译时可根据英语重形合的特点灵活处理，将“不同的只是时间长短而已”译为定语从句，补充先行词who。

2023 年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。

与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些缺乏，后天也常缺乏养分，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。

它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。

其次代属于工业技术博物馆，它所呈现的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。

这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学学问的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是布满全理念的博物馆。

在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。

这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探究科学技术的微妙。

中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它吸取了国际上一些著名博物馆的特长，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，呈现了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

参考译文The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.2023 年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E 乔羽的歌大家都生疏。