大学物理课程中英文简介

大学物理英语教材Unit 1: Introduction to PhysicsPhysics is a fundamental science that explores the laws governing the natural world. By studying physics, we can gain a deeper understanding of how the universe works. This unit serves as an introduction to the subject and provides a foundation for further exploration.Section 1: Basic Concepts1.1 Matter and EnergyIn this section, we learn about the concepts of matter and energy. Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the ability to do work. We explore the different forms of energy and their interconversion.1.2 Units and MeasurementsAccurate measurement is essential in physics. Here, we discuss the various units and measurement systems used in physics, such as SI units. We also learn about significant figures and how to perform calculations using them.Section 2: Mechanics2.1 Motion and ForcesThis section delves into the principles of motion and forces. We examine concepts such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration, as well as thevarious types and effects of forces. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced in this section.2.2 Energy and WorkUnderstanding the relationship between energy and work is crucial. We learn about different forms of energy, such as kinetic and potential energy, and how they are related to work. The principle of conservation of energy is also discussed.Section 3: Waves and Optics3.1 Wave PropertiesWaves are an integral part of physics. We explore the characteristics and properties of waves, including wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. This section covers different types of waves, such as sound waves and electromagnetic waves.3.2 OpticsOptics focuses on the behavior of light and its interaction with matter. Topics covered include reflection, refraction, and the formation of images by mirrors and lenses. We also learn about the basics of geometric optics.Unit 2: Electricity and MagnetismElectricity and magnetism are closely related phenomena that have a significant impact on our daily lives. This unit introduces the principles and applications of these concepts.Section 1: Electric Charge and Electric Field1.1 Electric ChargeHere, we learn about the fundamental property of matter known as electric charge. We explore the behavior of charged objects and the principles of electrostatics, including Coulomb's law.1.2 Electric FieldThe concept of an electric field is crucial for understanding how charges interact. We study the properties and behavior of electric fields, including how they are formed and their effects on charged particles.Section 2: Electric Circuits2.1 Current and ResistanceCurrent is the flow of electric charge, and resistance measures the opposition to this flow. We delve into the principles of current, resistance, and Ohm's law, which relates these quantities.2.2 Circuits and Circuit ElementsThis section focuses on electrical circuits and the various components that make them up. We learn about series and parallel circuits, as well as resistors, capacitors, and inductors.Section 3: Magnetism and Electromagnetism3.1 Magnetic FieldsMagnetic fields are responsible for the behavior of magnets and their interaction with other objects. We study the properties and behavior of magnetic fields, including their effects on moving charges.3.2 Electromagnetic InductionThe principle of electromagnetic induction is crucial for understanding the generation of electric currents. We explore Faraday's law and how changing magnetic fields can induce currents in conductors.Unit 3: Modern PhysicsModern physics revolutionized our understanding of the universe, particularly at the atomic and subatomic levels. This unit introduces the key concepts and discoveries of modern physics.Section 1: Quantum Mechanics1.1 Wave-Particle DualityThe wave-particle duality of matter and light is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. We explore the behavior of particles and waves at the quantum level, including the famous double-slit experiment.1.2 Quantum States and Energy LevelsQuantum systems have discrete energy levels. Here, we learn about quantum states, wavefunctions, and the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. We also discuss the Schrödinger equation.Section 2: Particle Physics2.1 Subatomic ParticlesThis section focuses on the properties and classifications of subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. We also introduce the concept of fundamental particles and their interactions.2.2 Nuclear ReactionsNuclear reactions involve changes in atomic nuclei and release tremendous amounts of energy. We study the principles behind nuclear reactions, including radioactive decay and nuclear fusion.ConclusionThe study of physics is essential for understanding the fundamental laws that govern our universe. This English textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, covering topics ranging from classical mechanics to modern physics. By studying this textbook and engaging with the content, students can develop a deep appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the natural world.。

大学物理课程中英文简介课程代码：B1081006大学物理（1）学分：4 周学时：4预修课程：高等数学主要内容：根据教育部颁布的理工科非物理类本科大学物理课程教学基本要求和国内物理教材改革动态，共分上下两学期讲授。

大学物理（1）为力学、电学、磁学；每章后面附有各章提要，每篇后面节选了有关物理学与现代科学技术应用方面的内容。

Code：B1081006College Physics1Credits：4Teaching Hours per Week：4Requisites: Advanced MathematicsContents：Based on the basic requirements of the course of Advanced Physics for non-physical science and engineering undergraduate from the ministry of education and the reform of the dynamic of domestic physical materials,this course is divided into two teaching semesters: Advanced Physics 1and 2. Advanced Physics 1 includes Mechanical, thermal and electrical，Magnetism,.Each chapter is followed with a summary and the relevant contents of applications of physics and modern science and technology.课程代码：B1081006大学物理（2）学分：3 周学时：3预修课程：高等数学，大学物理（1）主要内容：根据教育部颁布的理工科非物理类本科大学物理课程教学基本要求和国内国类物理教材改革动态，共分上下两学期讲授。

《大学物理》课程教学大纲英文名称: Engineering University Physics课程编码：0084，0085课内教学时数：56学时+56学时，其中课堂讲授56学时+56学时。

学分：3.5学分+3.5学分适用专业：全院所有理工科专业开课单位：基础部大学物理教研室撰写人：xx审核人：xx制定（或修订）时间：2014年9月一、课程的性质和任务1 课程的性质、目的和任务工科大学物理是高等工科专业培养高级工程技术人员或培养高素质有工程背景的各类人员的必修基公共础课程。

它不仅对后续课程教学提供保障作用，而且对最终提高学生的物理素质、科学素养发挥基础性作用，发挥其自然科学素质培养中的核心课程作用。

目的和任务。

通过本课程的学习：1）使学生较系统地获得自然界各种基本运动形式及其规律的知识，通过大学物理的这种少学时教学，应使学生对基础物理的最基本概念、最基本理论、最基本方法能够有比较全面的认识和正确理解，具有最基本应用的能力，形成对于物理学科体系、框架的总体认识，为后续课程的学习发挥基础性的作用。

2）在工程化倾向的教学中加强科学方法和科学素养的训练（培养学生的科学思想和研究方法，使学生在科学实验、逻辑思维和解决问题的能力等方面都得到基本的训练），为进一步的学习、工作和生活发挥更长远的基础性作用。

3）在课程的教学过程中，要通过各个教学环节逐步培养学生具有形象思维能力、抽象思维能力、逻辑推理能力和自学能力，并注意培养学生具有灵活运用所学知识去综合分析问题和解决问题的能力。

2 课程教学基本目标通过本课程的教学，应使学生初步具备以下能力：1）能够独立地阅读相当于大学物理水平的教材、参考书和文献资料，并能理解其主要内容和写出条理较清晰的笔记、小结或读书心得，从而迅速提高自学能力和培养良好的学习方法。

2）了解各种理想物理模型并能够根据物理概念、问题的性质和需要，抓住主要因素，略去次要因素，对所研究的对象进行合理的简化。

大学物理课程介绍物理学研究的是物质的基本结构及物质运动的普遍规律,它是一门严格的、精密的基础科学。

物理学的新发现，它所产生的新概念及新理论常常发展为新的学科或学科分支。

它的基本概念、基本理论与实验方法向其它学科或技术领域的渗透总是毫无例外地促成该学科或技术领域发生革命性变化或里程碑式进步。

历史上几次重要的技术革命都是以物理学的进步为先导的。

例如，电磁学的产生与发展导致了电力技术和无线电技术的诞生，形成了电力与电子工业；放射性的发现导致原子核科学的诞生与核能的利用，使人类进入了原子能时代；固体物理的发展导致晶体管与集成电路的问世，进而形成了强大的微电子工业与计算机产业；激光的出现导致光纤通信与光盘存贮等一系列光电子技术与产业的诞生。

微电子、光电子、计算机以及与之相匹配的软件正在使人类进入信息社会。

物理学正在进一步与生物学、化学和材料科学结合，使后者的研究向更深的层次发展。

当前，科学技术发展的学科交叉与结合特征更为突出，因此可以毫不夸张地说，物理基础是学好各自然科学和工程技术科学的基础。

工科大学生们物理基础的厚薄将会影响他们日后的工作适应能力和发展后劲。

物理学教育对于大学生素质教育的作用是任何学科都无法取代的。

大学物理是低年级学生的一门重要基础课。

它的作用一方面是为学生打好必要的物理基础；另一方面是使学生初步学习科学的思维方法和研究问题方法，这些都起着增强学生适应能力、开阔思路、激发探索和创新精神，提高人才科学素质的重要作用。

打好物理基础，不仅对学生在校学习起着十分重要的作用，而且对学生毕业后的工作和在工作中进一步学习新理论、新知识、新技术，不断更新知识都将产生深远的影响。

大学物理课程的内容包括有经典物理和近代物理。

经典物理部分主要包括：经典力学、热学、电磁学、光学等；近代物理部分主要包括：狭义相对论力学基础、量子力学基础、固体能带理论简介等。

经典物理在科学技术领域仍然是应用最广泛的基础理论，而且也是学习近代科学技术新理论、新知识的重要基础理论，在大学物理的学习中对经典物理内容仍应予以重视；大学物理中的近代物理知识是学生今后学习近代科学技术新理论，新知识所必须的近代物理基础理论知识。

2.1 Introduction(引言)We begin our study of the physical universe by examining objects in motion. Thestudy of motion . whose measurement. more than 400 years ago gave birth to physics. iscalled kinematics.Much of our understanding of nature comes from observing the motion of objects. Inthis chapter we will develop a description for the motion of a single point as it movesthrough space. Although a point is a geometrical concept quite different from everydayobjects such as footballs and automobiles, we shall see that the actual mot10n of manyobjects is most easily described as the motion of a single point (the "center of mass"). plusthe rotation of the object about that point. Postponing a discussion of rotation. let usbegin he-re with a description of a single point as it moves through space. Space and timeKinematics is concerned with two basic questions. "Where?" and "When?". Thoughthe questions are simple. the answers are potentially quite complicated if we inquire aboutphenomena outside our ordinary daily experiences. For example. the physics of very highspeeds, or of events involving intergalactic distances or submicroscopic dimensions. isquite different from our common-sense ideas. We will discuss the… interesting subjects inlater chapters. For the present we shall adopt the space and time of Newton-thoseconcepts we gradually developed as a result of our everyday experiences.Space is assumed to be continuously uniform and isotropic. These two terms meanthat space has no 'graininess' and that whatever its properties may be, they areindependent of any particular direction or location. in the words of Isaac Newton.' Absolute space . in its own nature . without relation to anything external . remains alwayssimilar and unmovable. " Every object in the universe exists at a particular location inspace. and an object may change its location Ly moving through space as time goes on. Wespecify the Location of a particular point in space by its relation to a frame of reference.Time, according to Newton, is also absolute in the sense that it "flows on" at auniform rate . We cannot speed it up or slow it down in any way. in Newton's words," Absolute. true. and mathematical time . of itself . and from its own nature . flows equablywithout relation to anything external. and by another name is called duration. " Time isassumed to be continuous and ever advancing. as might be indicated by a clock.Space and time are wholly independent of each other. though it is recognized that allphysical objects must exist simultaneously in both space and time.Remarkably . many of these traditional ideas turn out to be naive and inconsistent withexperimental evidence. The world is just different from the picture we form from ourcommon-sense. intuitive ideas. Space and time, by themselves. arc concepts that arcdifficult (or perhaps impossible) to define in terms of anything simpler. However. we canmeasure space and time in unambiguous ways. We define certain operations by which weobtain numerical measurements of these quantities using rulers and clocks. based uponstandard units of space and time.For many years. our standard of time was based on astronomical observations of the earth'srotation. Because of the variations in the earth’s rotation . in 1967 the 13th General Conference onWeights and Measures. attended by 38 nations. adopted an atomic standard for time.Similarly. our former standard of length was the distance between two marks onplatinum-iridium bar. kept at Sevres. France. in 1960. the fundamental length standardwas redefined in terms of the wavelength of light emitted during a transition between two.The standard units of time and length may be described as follows:An interval of time. The fundamental unit is the second (s) . which by internationalagreement is defined as the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding tothe transition between the two lowest energy levels in the atomic isotope cesium 133.An interval of length. The fundamental unit is the meter (m). which is defined independently of the time interval Before 1983 . by international agreement the meter wasdefined as exactly 1 650 763. 73 wavelengths of the orange light emitted from the isotopekrypton 86. in November 1983. the length standard was defined as the distance that lighttravels in a vacuum in l1299 792 458 second.l angstrom(A) -. 10-l0 m l micron (u or um)10-6 m2.1简介（引言）我们开始研究宇宙的物理研究物体的运动。

大学物理（上）英文课程描述College Physics IPrerequisites:math, physics, chemistry and calculus of high schoolTeaching Goals:●Develop the knowledge and ability of solving problems in classic kinematics using calculus●Master the method of solving problems in classic mechanics by us ing Newton’s three laws●Have a preliminary understanding of the concept and basic method of developing physical models●Learn to abstract physical models from conc rete problems, and improve ability of solving physical problems●Develop the knowledge and ability of studying macroscopic property and law of gases by using statistical methods and gas molecules’ model●Improve the knowledge and ability of studying thermodynamic problems by using the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics●Develop a preliminary understanding of the concept of entropy.Content:Chapter 1: Force and Motion1-1 Description of particles motionsThis section features reference and coordinate frame, space and time, kinematics equation, position vector, displacement, speed, and acceleration.1-2 Circular motion and general curvilinear motionThis section features tangential acceleration and normalacceleration,angular variables of circle motion,vector of throwing motion.1-3 Relative motion, common forces and fundamental forces 1-4 Newton’s law of motion and examples of its applications1-5 Galilean principle of relativity, non-inertial system, inertial force,spatial-temporal view of classical mechanics Chapter 2: Conserved quantities and conservation law 2-1 Internal and external forces of particles system,theorem of centroid movement2-2 Theorem of momentum，law of conservation of momentum2-3Work and theorem of kinetic energy2-4 Conservative force, work of paired force, potential energy 2-5 Work-energy principal of particles system, law of conservation of mechanical energy2-6 Collision2-7 Law of conservation of angular momentum2-8 Symmetry and law of conservationChapter 3:motion of rigid body and fluid3-1 Model of rigid body and its motion3-2Moment of force, rotational inertia, law of fix-axis rotation3-3 Work-energy relation in fix-axis rotation3-4 Angular momentum theorem and conversation law of rigid body in fixed-axis3-5 Procession3-6 Perfect fluid model, steady flow, Bernouli Equation3-7 Chaos, inherent randomness of Newtonian mechanicsChapter 4:Foundation of the theory of relativity4-1 Basic principles of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformation4-2 Speed conversion of relativity4-3 Spatial-Temporal view of special relativity4-4 Foundation of dynamics in special relativity4-5 Brief introduction to general relativityChapter 5:Kinetic theory of gases5-1 Description of thermal motion, of the ideal gas model and state equation5-2 Molecular thermal motion and statistical law5-3 Pressure and temperature formula of ideal gas5-4 Energy Equipartition Theorem , internal energy of ideal gas5-5 Maxwell Distributions of Speeds5-6 Maxwell- Boltzmann energy distribu tion law, particle’s d istribution in gravitational field according to altitude 5-7 Molecular collision and mean free path5-8Transport phenomena in gas5-9 A ctual gas, Van der Waals’s EquationChapter 6: Basics of thermodynamics6-1 Zeroth and the First Law of Thermodynamics6-2 Applications of the First law of Thermodynamics in quasi-static process of ideal gas6-3 Cyclic process, Carnot Cycle6-4 Second Law of Thermodynamics6-5 Reversible process and irreversible process, Carnot Theorem6-6 Entropy, Boltzmann Relation6-7 Statistically significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Mathematical expression6-8Dissipative structure, information entropyCourse Requirements:Homework assignments and class participation (30%)Midterm examination(35%)Final examination(35%)Suggested TextbookGeneral Physics Author: Shouzhu Chen and Zhiyong Jiang; Publisher: Higher Education Press 2006Supplemental MaterialsMechanics Author: Kunmiao Liang; Publisher: Higher Education Press 2010Thermotics Author: Yunhao Qin; Publisher: Nanjing Uiversity Press 1990General Physics Author: Shouzhu Chen, Zhiyong Jiang; Publisher: Higher Education Press 2006Physics Auhor: Kezhe Liu, Zhiyong Jiang; Publisher: Higher Education Press 2006College Fundamental Physics Author: Sanhui Zhang; Publisher:Tsinghua University Press 2003。