2008年四川大学633人口学基础理论考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

北京大学新闻史论（614）+新闻实务（847）<跨考胜经>全套考研资料第一部分历年真题及答案1-1硕士研究生入学考试试题。

2001-2003年新闻学基础知识，2002年新闻理论与新闻业务，2001-2006年新闻学，暂无答案。

（本项不单卖，购买全套赠送此项）注：该专业近几年学校官方不出售历年试题，最新真题更新请大家关注跨考考研论坛，真题会随时在网站更新，大家下载即可使用。

第二部分专业课笔记、讲义等内部资料2-1新闻传播理论与实践笔记。

本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共27页￥402-2《外国新闻史》笔记。

本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共50页￥502-3《新闻事业简史》笔记。

本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共28页￥402-4中国新闻史辅导笔记。

手写版，共56页￥60注：报名辅导班请登录跨考网进行详细咨询。

全套资料包含以上所有资料，套餐优惠价：￥168指定参考书目此科目没有提供参考书目适用学院/专业——新闻与传播学院新闻学(050301)中国人民大学新闻传播史论（612）<跨考胜经>全套考研资料第一部分历年真题及答案1-12000年-2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题。

由于出题老师固定，历年真题参考价值很大。

该专业近几年学校官方不出售历年试题，最新真题更新请大家关注跨考论坛，只要收集到我们即会在网站更新，大家可下载使用。

第二部分专业课笔记、讲义等内部资料2-1中国新闻传播事业史本科生笔记。

出题老师授课，非常全面和清晰。

手写版，共29页￥402-2新闻传播考点精要汇集。

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打印版，共39页￥402-3外国新闻史复习要点。

陈立丹版《世界新闻传播史》复习要点，条理性好，重点突出。

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中国人民大学新闻史研究生资料，硕士课程同样为研究生入学考试复习的重点，内容详实，包括中国史和外国史两部分，主题分明。

打印版，共58页￥352-5新闻学重点笔记。

四川大学考研专业课历年真题资料一(免费下载）1.四川大学临床医学院外科学1999试题资料下载2.四川大学临床医学院微生物学2000试题资料下载3.四川大学临床医学院妇产科2000试题资料下载4.四川大学临床医学院免疫学2003试题资料下载5.四川大学临床医学院化学综合2003试题资料下载32.四川大学临床医学院病理学1993试题资料下载33.四川大学临床医学院遗传学2004试题资料下载34.四川大学临床医学院解剖学2004试题资料下载35.四川大学临床医学院遗传学2000试题资料下载36.四川大学临床医学院遗传学2002试题资料下载37.四川大学临床医学院遗传学2003试题资料下载38.四川大学临床医学院预防医学综合2003试题资料下载39.四川大学临床医学院遗传学2001试题资料下载40.四川大学公共卫生学院流行病学2003试题资料下载41.四川大学公共管理学院信息检索语言2002试题资料下载42.四川大学公共管理学院伦理学概论2005试题资料下载43.四川大学公共卫生学院生理学2003试题资料下载44.四川大学公共卫生学院预防医学综合2003试题资料下载45.四川大学公共管理学院信息管理基础2002试题资料下载72.四川大学公共管理学院管理学原理（管理科学与工程）2005试题资料下载73.四川大学公共管理学院管理学原理（管理科学与工程）2002试题资料下载74.四川大学公共管理学院综合考试（行政管理、社会学）2000试题资料下载75.四川大学公共管理学院综合考试（行政管理、办公、自动化、信息管理）2002试题资料下载76.四川大学公共管理学院管理学综合2005试题资料下载77.四川大学公共管理学院综合考试（行政管理）2005试题资料下载78.四川大学公共管理学院精神分析概论2005试题资料下载79.四川大学公共管理学院管理学综合2004试题资料下载80.四川大学公共管理学院行政管理2001试题资料下载81.四川大学公共管理学院行政管理学2002试题资料下载82.四川大学公共管理学院行政管理学2000试题资料下载83.四川大学公共管理学院行政管理学与行政法2003试题资料下载84.四川大学公共管理学院行政管理学与行政法学2004试题资料下载2002试题资料下载110.四川大学分析测试中心高分子物理及化学（材料加工工程）2005试题资料下载111.四川大学制造科学与工程学院塑料成型模具设计2002-2003试题资料下载112.四川大学制造科学与工程学院塑料成型工艺学2002试题资料下载113.四川大学制造科学与工程学院传感器2002-2003试题资料下载114.四川大学制造科学与工程学院传感器技术2005试题资料下载115.四川大学分析测试中心高分子化学及物理（材料学）2003试题资料下载116.四川大学制造科学与工程学院单片机原理及配置2000-2002试题资料下载117.四川大学制造科学与工程学院工程材料学2005试题资料下载118.四川大学制造科学与工程学院工程力学（理论力学、材料力学）2000-2002试题资料下载119.四川大学制造科学与工程学院机械制造工艺（含夹具）2000-2002试题资料下载120.四川大学制造科学与工程学院机械原理2000-2002试题资料下载四川大学化学工程学院有机化学（生物化学与分子生物学）2001试题资料下载148.四川大学化学工程学院物理化学2002试题资料下载149.四川大学化学工程学院物理化学2004试题资料下载150.四川大学化学工程学院物理化学2001试题资料下载。

2009年预防医学综合第一部分卫生统计学试题一、简答题1、简述概率和小概率事件。

2、简述调查设计和试验设计的主要区别以及实验设计的基本原则。

3、结合实例说明医学参考值和可信区间的区别。

4、结合实例简述方差分析的基本思想。

5、标准差是描述变量频数分布离散程度的指标，在比较新生儿身长与头围的变异程度时，标准差大者变异程度大。

该说明正确吗？简述理由。

6、甲、乙两地冠心病粗死亡率分别为45/10万和38/10万，按年龄构成标化后，甲乙两地的冠心病标化死亡率分别为40/10万和43/10万。

此时若要比较甲、乙两地的冠心病标化死亡率的高低，需进行假设检验。

该说法正确吗？简述理由。

7、在，如果相关分析中r s=1,则提示用自变量和应变量测定值所作的散点在一条直线上，该说法正确吗？简述理由。

8、为探讨解热镇痛药物与先天性畸形之间的联系，选择先天性畸形婴儿20例为病例组，选择正常婴儿15例为对照组，两组婴儿母亲在妊娠头四个月内解热镇痛药物服用率比较见下表（α=0.05水准），经χ2检验，尚不能认为先天性畸形婴儿的母亲在妊娠头四个月内解热镇痛药物服用情况和正常婴儿的母亲不同。

上述分析合理吗？简述理由。

9、某眼科医生收集了在医院就诊的沙眼病例资料，统计结果如下表，该医生据此得出结论“沙眼患病率最高的年龄段为20～29岁，随着年龄的增加，患病率逐渐降低”。

该结论正确吗？简述理由。

10、为探讨盐酸哌罗匹隆对精神分裂症的疗效，以氯丙嗪为对照，纳入80例精神分裂症患者，将其随机分为两组，每组各40例。

试验组先服用盐酸哌罗匹隆3周，停药2周（大于盐酸哌罗匹隆半衰期），后再服用氯丙嗪3周；试验组先服用氯丙嗪3周，停药2周（大于氯丙嗪半衰期），再服用盐酸哌罗匹隆3周。

请问该研究采用何种设计方法，其优点是什么？二、分析计算题1、某正常人群在生命质量评定中，得到100人的量表评分（满分100分）情况如下。

问：（1）欲描述该资料的离散趋势，宜用什么指标？其值是多少？（2）利用该资料制定该量表评分的95%参考值范围，应采用什么方法？其值是多少？2、对158株临床分离的结核分支杆菌同时采用我国现行标准绝对浓度法和WHO/IUATLD推荐标准1%比例法检测其对异烟肼的敏感性，结果WHO/IUATLD检测92株敏感，我国现行标准绝对浓度法检测104株敏感，两法都敏感91株。

四川大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、填空（每题1分，共5分）1．1917年，陈衡哲的短篇小说___________发表于《留美学生季报》第4卷夏季2号上，标志着心文学第一篇白话小说的诞生。

2．散文《方巾气研究》的作者是________3．鲁迅的第一本杂文集是_________4．巴金晚年创作的散文集是________5．江枚出自小说________二．名词解释（每题5分，共35分）1．九辨2．志怪小说3．江西诗派4．常州诗派5．《故事新编》6．《沉沦》7．《我与地坛》三．填出下列文句或诗句的作者（每题1分，共10分）1．盖文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事。

2．形在江海之上，心存魏阙之下，神思之谓也。

3．钓台移柳，非玉关之可望；华亭鹤唳，岂河桥之可闻？4．入门见妒，娥眉不肯让人，掩袖工馋，狐媚偏能惑主。

5．示人以义,其患犹私;示人以私,患必难弭。

6．玉辇纵横过主第，金鞭络绎向侯家。

7．行人刁斗风沙暗，公主琵琶幽怨多。

8．鸟去鸟来山色里，人歌人哭水声中。

9．芳草有情皆碍马，好云无处不遮楼。

10．衰兰送客咸阳道，天若有情天亦老。

四．简述题（每题10分，共40分）1．简要评述关于左传作者的评论。

2．简要评述“南朝乐府”民歌3．写出1949—1966年期间5个有影响的长篇小说作家及其作品（含3—5个主要人物），并简单分析其中一部的艺术得失。

4．“现代诗派”的理论主张及其创作实践。

五．论述题（每题20分，共计60分）1．评述佛教文化对中国古代文学的影响。

2．结合具体作品分析《聊斋志异》的文学成就。

3．有人说，中国现代话剧的成熟是从曹禺开始的，你如何理解？08年真题参考答案第一节填空题：1.《一日》。

2.林语堂3.《热风》4.《随想录》5. 宗璞的《红豆》。

二、名词解释：1.九辨——是宋玉的代表作。

王逸在《楚辞章句.九辩》中说是宋玉为悲悼其师屈原而作。

“九辩”之名，来源甚古，据《离骚》与《天问》，说《九辩》是夏商时的乐曲名，实际应该是楚地的古歌吧。

四川大学905法学综合B 2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题及解析一、名词解释1、民事责任2、法定继承3、民事诉讼法律关系4、取保候审5、牵连犯二、判断分析1、租赁合同的期限超过20年的，该合同无效。

2、未成年人不能作为证人出庭作证3、对于犯罪情节轻微，并且依刑法规定不需要判处刑罚的或免除刑罚的，检察机关作出不起诉决定，是法定不起诉4、犯罪构成是刑事责任的唯一依据5、单位犯罪故意或过失均可构成犯罪三、简答1、法人成立的条件2、简述民事上诉案件的审理范围3、刑法宽严相济政策的内涵1四、论述1、论精神损害赔偿2、试析刑事诉讼控诉与辩护职能制平衡3、试述刑法的基本特征与功能五、案例江西省一男子饮酒过量死亡，法院判同桌人赔偿朋友８人同桌饮酒，推杯换盏后１人因饮酒过量死亡，死者邹鹏的父母将同桌人告上法庭。

樟树市人民法院日前审理此案，判同桌人赔偿。

今年１月２２日，肖某在樟树市一餐馆宴请包括邹鹏在内的７男１女，席间，除这名女子吃完饭便离席外，８男子从中午１２点半呆到下午３点左右。

８男子共喝了５瓶１斤装白酒，邹鹏喝了四五杯近1斤白酒，饮酒过程中，有两三人醉酒呕吐，并在餐馆的阁楼上睡觉。

当晚８时许，邹鹏被朋友发现已经死亡。

经医生现场诊断，邹鹏系急性酒精中毒死亡。

邹鹏父母为此向法院提起诉讼，要求参与喝酒的同桌人承担赔偿责任。

法院审理认为，邹鹏作为完全民事行为能力人，明知醉酒的危险性，没有控制酒量，其自身有较大的过错，应对自己行为造成的后果承担主要责任。

但参与饮酒的同桌人对邹鹏未尽到注意义务，也未采取有效救助措施，应承担一定的责任。

法院遂判决７男子共赔偿原告约３万元。

分析：1、本次事件中，醉酒死亡的邹鹏为什么要承担主要责任？2、法院判决同桌人7名男子共同承担3万元，如何具体承担，理由？2008年法学综合B试题答案及解析一、名词解释1、民事责任答：民事责任，对民事法律责任的简称，是指民事主体在民事活动中，因实施了民事违法行为，根据民法所承担的对其不利的民事法律后果或者基于法律特别规定而应承担的民事法律责任。

四川大学研究生入学考试统计学历年试题整理【试题】2014年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——统计学（回忆版）一、简答1. 通过一个例子说明总体和样本的概念，指出题目所给的总体和样本；2. 实验设计得原则，实验设计的类型3. 一项研究得到P＞0.05，研究者怀疑检验效能不够高，问怀疑是否合理，两道题分别是2x2配对资料的关联性分析4. 给出五种疾病的构成比，得出构成比最大的疾病患病率最高，问是否正确5. 给出血红蛋白、红细胞数的均数和标准差，就比较两者变异程度6. 两独立样本资料的秩和检验，当n1＞10或n2-n1＞10时用Z检验，这时的检验是参数检验还是非参数检验二、计算1. 2x2配对资料关联性分析2.完全随机设计的方差分析，Dunnett-t检验Ps：两道计算题第一问都问了设计类型和变量类型【试题】2013年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——统计学（回忆版）一、简答题（10个*6分=60分）1. 结合给的实例说明什么总体与样本2. 结合实例（已给出），如果两个率的比较，如果不能使用假设检验，还能使用什么方法3. 用实例分析构成比代替率4. α=0.05的意义和检验效能5. 直线相关的判断6. 实验研究和调查研究7. 医学参考值范围和可信区间8. 一资料采用配对χ2检验，判断正误说明理由（还有两道实在回忆不起来）二、计算题（40分）：1. 婴儿出生缺陷率同当地婴儿出生缺陷率的比较。

泊松分布？（10）2. 随机区组资料的方差分析，判断设计类型，资料类型，假设检验，只写过程就可。

（18）3. 等级资料的秩和检验（H检验），也是只写过程。

（12）【试题】2012年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——统计学（回忆版）选择20个考了好几个率。

其他基本上都在习题集上能找到类似的。

案例分析6个1. 关于样本量的选择（样本量是不是越大越好）2. 用构成比代替率的错误3. 第一类错误和检验效能的关系4. 卡方分析对所给题目的有序资料是否适用5. 等级资料的秩和检验，写步骤6. ？三、计算题2个1. 两样本均数差的范围（不要求具体计算但是要求方法）2. 重复测量设计的方差分析，资料类型，分析方法，步骤【试题】2011年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——统计学一、选择题 2*20比较基础，基本来自配套习题册1.一二类错误2.统计方法的选择3.抽样方法（分层）4.PISSON分布的方差5.结合题目所给的数据，选择描述集中趋势的指标：考的中位数6.结合题目选择正确的医学参考值范围表达式（区分参考值范围和置信区间）二、简答题6*71.假设检验3个题2.结合案例P值含义判断3.I、II类错误与检验效能的关系4.方差分析的多重均数间的比较：案例为多组独立样本的分析分析定量资料，错用两独立样本t检验进行两两比较，判断统计方法是否正确，并说明原因5.期望寿命的影响因素6.相性相关中估计关系强度的方法（置信区间的估计）：案例给出两个直线相关系数r=0.19（P＜0.05），研究者根据P值下结论：两变量间一定有很强的直线关系，判断是否正确三、计算分析题18等级资料的秩和检验（很基础的一道题，具体记不清，但是类型和题目类似如下）某研究者欲评价某新药治疗胃溃疡的疗效，将68名胃溃疡患者随机分成两组，实验组采用该新药治疗，对照组使用标准药物治疗，一个疗程后观察疗效，结果见表表一两种药物治疗胃溃疡的疗效组别治愈显效进步无效有效率%实验组20 6 4 4 76.47对照组16 4 8 6 58.821.该研究设计属于何种类型？资料属于什么类型？2.若比较两药物治疗胃溃疡的疗效大小有无差异，宜选用什么统计方法？请写出具体步骤，无需计算3.比较两药物治疗胃溃疡疗效构成比有无差异，宜选用什么统计学方法？与两药物疗效比较的统计方法有何差异？【试题】2010年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——统计学一、简答题10*81. 用某新药治疗高血压病，治疗前与治疗后病人的收缩压之差的平均数Xd= -4mmhg，经t检验，p<0.01。

四川大学研究生入学考试流行病历年试题整理【试题】2014年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解1.tripple2.Eyeblind3.疫源地4.移民流行病学5.人群归因危险度6.Confounding二、选择肺癌的影响因素肺结核的流行特征艾滋病的窗口期实验和调查最主要区别三、简答1.病因研究步骤2.流行病学的特征3.疾病流行强度的指标4.自然史与三级预防四、计算1.联合实验计算灵敏度特异度阳性预测值和阴性预测值，配对设计计算比值比和可信区间；2.队列研究计算RR,AR,AR%。

五、判断对错流病今年有判断对错的题，不难考的挺细。

判断和选择涉及到分论比较多，有艾滋病，胃癌危险因素，伤害，肺结核等等，所以下一届同学们后面的知识也一定要好好看啊~~~~【试题】2013年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解6*3 全英文1.巢式病例对照研究2.第二代监测3.暴露4.第二代发病率5.病死率6.领先时间偏倚二、填空1-3分一个，共38分1.流行病学特征（6个空）2.时间分布的方法（2个空）3.RR，OR的计算及OR的置信区间计算，计算发病率，死亡率等4.几道计算题的填空，筛查，OR，RR等三、选择单选2*20 多选3*8单选简单多选难，内容集中在总论部分，各论涉及呼吸系统传染病、性病艾滋病、肿瘤等好好看书【试题】2012年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一．名解9*21.伤害流行病学2.队列研究3.实验室研究4.流行病学5.筛检6.患病率7.疫源地8.现况研究9....二、单选21*2 简单三、计算两个1.病例对照研究2.移民流行病学好几种对比，给出表格、数据，要求写出那些对比，判断依据，初步结论【试题】2011年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解1.Epidemic2.Quasi-experiment3.Prevalence rate4.Outbreak5.Active surveillance二、选择20题，基本来自习题集关于续发率的应用流行病学效果评价指标评价筛检真实性的指标各论，肿瘤的筛检以医院为基础检测系统检测内容预防策略中的初级卫生保健描述性流行病学的特点各种偏移的控制三、计算和简答1.病例对照研究：配对病例对照研究，有一定迷惑性，让判断研究设计类型并计算指标解释2.病因推断的标准及意义四、综合分析题队列研究所给案例是吸烟和膀胱癌的前瞻性队列研究，并给出人群暴露率Pe要求计算各指标并解释意义：RR AR AR% PAR PAR%【试题】2010年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一．名解3*61.Incidence2.Randomized controlled trails3.Epidemiology of emergency events4.Cause of disease5.Over matching6.Epidemic process二、单选2*15各论部分考查4分（传染病流行病学2分肿瘤流行病学2分宫颈癌的筛查重点人群）1.在一项大规模多中心的临床试验项目中下列哪个因素能降低结果的真实性A.病人不知道分组情况B.观察者知道分组情况C.遵循随机化的原则D.样本量足够E.参加研究的医院等级不同2.下列哪项指标常用来反应疾病对患者生命的威胁程度A.发病率B.病死率C.患病率D.罹患率E.死亡率3.霍桑效应可以通过以下方法来控制A.设立对照B.随机抽样C.增加对实验组的关注D.人为干预E.前瞻追踪4.常用于评价免疫接种的流行病学效果的研究方法是A.病例对照研究B.回顾性队列研究C.现场RCT实验D.发病率监测E.社区类实验5.耐药结核病暴发的因素不包括A.未对所有病人进行治疗B.HIV感染率增高C.病人的治疗不规范D.耐药结核传染性强E.儿童接种卡介苗的效果不明确6.为了了解我国各城市肺癌的死亡率与环境空气中颗粒物的关系，最适宜的研究方法是以下哪类A.出生队列研究B.疾病监测C.横断面研究D.生态学研究E.理论流行病学研究7.因果关联是指A.暴露于疾病有较强的统计学关联B. 暴露于疾病排除偏倚后的关联C.暴露于疾病存在分布一致性D. 暴露于疾病有时间先后的无偏关联E.暴露于疾病有时间先后的直接关联8.传染源及其向外环境排出的病原体所能波及的范围称A.疫区B.疫点C.疫源地D.病区E.污染区9.从某市若干个学校中随机抽取一个，在该学校按不同班级抽一定比例的学生进行近视患病率的调查，属于A.单纯随机抽样B.系统抽样C.整群抽样D.多级抽样E.分层抽样10.某单位人员进食食堂被细菌污染的食物后发生食物中毒暴发，该食物被称为A.传染源B.生物媒介体C.传播因素D.病原携带者E.传播途径11.描述性研究和分析性研究的主要区别点在于A.有无对照B.有无干预措施C.能否计算关联指标D.是否计算发病率E.是否研究危险因素12.下列哪项不属于疾病二级预防措施A.癌症筛查B.定期体检C.新生儿出生缺陷检查D.设立专门的防治机构E.婚检13.宫颈癌的疫苗应该在以下哪个人群中接种A.儿童B.老人C.已婚女性D.全人群E.低收入人群14.一次小学的食物中毒事件，第一步应该完成的流调工作是A.个案调查B.病例对照研究C.回顾性队列研究D.生态学研究E.实验研究15.以下指标不需要用金标准判定研究分组的是A.灵敏度B.特异度C.阳性似然比D.Kappa值E.约登指数三多选题（每个2分，共10分）各论部分考查4分伤害流行病学道路干预措施病毒性肝炎的传播途径1.下列哪些不属于疾病预防中的第一级预防措施A.加强锻炼B.合理营养C.康复治疗D.戒烟E.健康体检2.道路伤害的干预措施包括以下哪几个A.安装道路交通灯B.交管部门组织的驾照考核C.醉后强制拘留D.行政罚款E.儿童安全教育3.丁型肝炎的传播途径有A.经血和血液制品传播B.性行为传播C.日常生活接触传播D.垂直传播E.经吸血昆虫传播4.以下属于选择偏倚的是A.现患-新病例偏倚B.检出症候偏倚C.失访D.未随机分配的实验组和对照组E.入院率偏倚5.下列有关流行病学研究方法的叙述，正确的有A.生态性研究不能验证病因，因此意义不大B.横断面研究属于观察性研究，但不能验证病因C.队列研究和实验研究都是前瞻性研究D.实验研究的测量指标通常是发病率E.巢式病例对照研究验证病因的力度强三、答与计算1.简述地方病特征52.简述我国艾滋病的流行特征63.举出至少三种流行病学研究中控制混杂偏倚的方法44.某锡矿有采矿工人2000人，某年有3名工人被确诊为肺癌，该地区同时期的肺癌发病率为15/10万，计算相关指标，并对结果进行解释75.以高血压为例，简述慢性非传染性疾病的预防策略106.某学者对幽门螺旋杆菌与胃癌的关系开展了以下研究，研究组为100人胃癌患者，健康人为100人，收集研究对象时将病人和健康人的出生地、年龄、性别三个因素限定为一致，得到以下研究数据10幽门螺旋杆菌试验阳性人数幽门螺旋杆菌试验病人非病人＋70 20—30 80（1）请判断该研究是什么类型，限定生地、年龄、性别因素是什么目的（2）计算关联指标，并对该研究结果下结论【试题】2009年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名词解释（6*3）1.relative risk2.epidemic focus3.injury epidemiology4.case fatality rate5.screening6.secondary prevention二、选择题（15*2包括单选和多选）1.关于现况研究的叙述，下列哪项正确A.抽样调查是一种观察法B.抽样调查适合大人群的调查C.单纯随机抽样所得的样本代表性最好D.普查不适于发病率很低的疾病E.相比普查，抽样调查的设计更为困难2.某项队列研究得出的病因分值为90%，下列哪种说法正确A.暴露人群中发病或死亡90%归归因于暴露因素B.暴露人群中发病或死亡10%归归因于暴露因素C.暴露组的发病危险是对照组的90倍D.暴露组的发病危险是对照组的10倍E.暴露组与非暴露组的率差为90%3.适合筛检的肿瘤主要有A.肝癌B.乳腺癌C.肺癌D.宫颈癌E.直肠癌4.可使人群对传染病易感性降低的因素有A.计划免疫B.传染病流行过后C.新生儿增加 D .免疫人口的死亡E.易感人口的迁入5.在流行病学研究中，随机抽样的目的是控制A.选择偏倚B.信息偏倚C.混杂偏倚D.失访偏倚E.随机误差6.下列哪个试验属于流行病学实验研究A.治疗试验B.自然试验C.动物试验D.干预试验E.社区试验7.评价治疗措施效果的主要指标是A.有效率，治愈率，生存率B.有效率，续发率，死亡率C.治愈率，引入率，失访率D.有效率，续发率，病死率E.失访率，生存率，引入率8.当一种新疗法只能延长某病病人的寿命而不能治愈时，A.该病的患病率会降低B.该病的发病率会升高C.该病的患病率会升高D.该病的发病率会降低E,该病的发病率和患病率均降低9.某病的续发率是指A.接触者中发病人数/接触者总数*100%B.同等身份的接触者中发病人数/同等身份人数*100%C.一个潜伏期内接触者中的发病人数/易感接触者总人数*100%D.一个潜伏期内接触者中的患病人数/易感接触者总人数*100%E,接触者中的患病人数/接触者总人数*100%10.流行病学研究可分为A.描述性研究、分析性研究和理论性研究B.观察性研究、分析性研究和理论性研究C.描述性研究、分析性研究和实验性研究D.观察性研究、实验性研究和理论性研究E.观察性研究、描述性研究和实验性研究11.戊型肝炎可能经下列哪些途径传播？A.经水传播B.经食物传播C.经血液传播D.母婴传播E.日常生活接触12.下面有关分子流行病学的说法，正确的是：A.分子流行病学是传统流行病学和分子生物学相结合而产生的一个分支B.分子流行病学可以研究传染病、非传染病及意外伤害等C.医学相关生物的群体特征也是分子流行病学研究的内容D.生物标志是分子流行病学鲜明的特征之一E.分子流行病学的研究内容也包括制定和评价防治疾病、促进健康的策略和措施13.下列有关感染性腹泻的说法，正确的是：A.感染性腹泻在发展中国家和发达国家都有不同程度的流行B.感染性腹泻明显的季节高峰集中在夏秋季节C.感染性腹泻以婴幼儿和青壮年发病率较高D.感染性腹泻主要呈暴发和流行E.感染性腹泻在发展中国家常为水型和食物型暴发流行14.目前我国有关流行性感冒的重点防治措施有哪些？A.疫情监测B.流感的流行病学调查C.接种流感疫苗D.药物预防E.早发现、早诊断、早报告15.有关性传播疾病的预防措施有哪些？A.积极治疗STD病人B.防止母婴传播C.STD监测D.改变不安全性行为E.性病健康教育三、问答与计算（52）1.某地区建有一核工厂已50余年，近年当地政府希望了解该工厂露天裸露堆放的核废料对当地居民健康是否有影响。

2008年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案一、完形填空0 It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is America's most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large【C1】______of musical plays that have been popular abroad【C2】______at home. 【C3】______. it is very difficult to explain【C4】______is new or 【C5】______American about them, for the【C6】______are centuries old.Perhaps the uniqueness of America's contribution to the【C7】______can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important andbest-known musicals, one of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst【C8】______popularity in 1943, Broadway audience and critics were【C9】______by its【C10】______. vitality and excitement. This "new" type of musical was【C11】______as kind of【C12】______theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and【C13】______. but to【C14】______in a single unifying whole to contribute its unique feature. 【C15】______. it meant that the songs and dances should【C16】______naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action【C17】______. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors.Oklahoma also marked a new【C18】______in the choice of story on which a musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting【C19】______more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural【C20】______. Oklahoma was based on a "folk" whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West.1 【C1】（A）number（C）quantity （D）numbers2 【C2】（A）better （B）instead of （C）as well as （D）rather than 3 【C3】（A）Therefore （B）Yet（C）Moreover （D）Thus4 【C4】（A）which（B）that（D）how5 【C5】（A）characteristically （B）particularly（C）mainly（D）exactly6 【C6】（A）factors（B）ingredients（C）composers（D）facts7 【C7】（A）trait（B）feature（C）genre8 【C8】（A）with（B）into（C）out into （D）in9 【C9】（A）struck （B）touched （C）moved（D）hit10 【C10】（A）vivacity （B）originality （C）creativity （D）dynamic（A）conceived （B）thought （C）believed （D）perceived 12 【C12】（A）special （B）peculiar （C）gross （D）total13 【C13】（A）variety （B）amusement （C）sundries （D）fun14 【C14】（B）join（C）put（D）share15 【C15】（A）In other words （B）sum up（C）On the contrary （D）Generally speaking 16 【C16】（A）arise（B）derive（C）raise（D）originate17 【C17】（A）out（C）forward（D）through18 【C18】（A）direction （B）way（C）method（D）epoch19 【C19】（A）for（B）with（C）without（D）except20 【C20】（A）circumstances （B）context（C）situation（D）surrounding二、阅读理解20 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant criticfor The New Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, "Of course not!" And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor anyone could see that. Writing about for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn't do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. "She's joined the leisure class," my friends said.I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing on the playgrounds of the rich.We didn't belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didn't own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly' prestigious. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, "How could you?"When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $ 100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. "They're absolutely right," it whispers. And when it asks, "When are you going to grow up and get a real job?" It sounds a lot like my mother.And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all I'm doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed.Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselvesthat they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera today, it is more like going the movies.21 Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her then?（A）Because she was ambitious.（B）Because she didn't think highly of the job.（C）Because she didn't think well of the job as a cook.（D）Because she didn't want to criticize anyone.22 The word "decent" in do the decent thing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.（A）very profitable（B）morally acceptable（C）fairly attractive（D）very pleasant23 In Paragraph 4, by "The year turned into two, three and more," the author means that______.（A）she went on and on working in restaurants（B）she lived a luxurious life for many years（C）she kept working for publications until she got a credit card（D）she went on and on Writing as a restaurants critic24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（A）Most American can't afford to eat out.（B）American food has remained unchanged.（C）American like going to the movies.（D）Food in most American restaurants is cheap.25 Which of the following can be concluded from this article?（A）Cooks are respected in the U.S.（B）The author was once a cook.（C）Rich people like going to the theatre.（D）Restaurants critics all feel guilty.25 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist intraditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoin, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the result would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter. Then, is far from clear-out, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonablefor infants.26 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?（A）Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.（B）Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.（C）The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.（D）Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.27 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?（A）Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.（B）Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.（C）A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（D）Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.28 It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that______.（A）the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies（B）a child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（C）mother bring up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies（D）children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years29 Which of the following statements in NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?（A）Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.（B）The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.（C）The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.（D）Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.30 Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?（A）Children under three should stay with their parents.（B）Early day care has positive effects on children's development.（C）The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.（D）The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.30 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost facetof our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structureand operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier toattain of one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of womenin the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.31 According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means______.（A）cultural groups that are formed by scientists（B）people whose knowledge of science is very limited（C）the scientific community（D）people who make good contribution to science32 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because______.（A）it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science（B）science affects almost every aspect of our life（C）scientists live in a specific substructure（D）it is easier to understand general characteristics of science33 The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who______.（A）long for deeper understanding of science（B）are good at producing various gadgets（C）work in a storehouse of dried facts（D）are interested in popular science34 According to this passage,______.（A）English is a sexist language（B）only on this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly（C）women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language（D）male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists35 This passage most probably is______.（A）a book review（B）the preface of a book（C）the post script of a book（D）the concluding part of a book三、英译汉36 Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your ANSWER SHEET.A man only begins to be a man when he ceases to whine his adverse conditions, and commences to search for the hidden justice which regulates his life. And as he adapts his mind to that regulating factor, he ceases to accuse others as the cause of his condition, and builds himself up in sound and noble thoughts; ceases to kick against circumstances, but begins to use them as aids to his more rapid progress, and as a means of discovering the hidden power and possibilities within himself.37 The first night on the ice had been torture. The second was nightmare. Men lost their reason, began seeing visions, hearing voices. Some sank into mindless torpor; others went raving mad before death. That many continued to survive was incredible, but the will to live still burned fiercely in those still staggering around the ice-floes under the frosty moon. They reeled and weaved in a ghostly dance. The only indication they gave that their minds were still alive was when they emitted an occasional croak of encouragement to one another. For the most part they ignored the dead and dying, stepping over or shuffling around them as though they were lumps of ice.四、汉译英38 Translate the following passage into English：中国传统文化既是中华民族悠久历史的结晶，也是中华民族对于全人类的伟大贡献。

四川大学2008博士学位研究生入学考试试题代码：3088 科目：微生物学一、选答题1.以大肠杆菌磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸—糖磷酸转移酶系统（PTS）为例解释基因转位。

答：大肠杆菌PTS由5种蛋白质(酶I、酶Ⅱa、酶Ⅱb、酶Ⅱc及热稳定蛋白质HPr)组成，酶Ⅱa、酶Ⅱb、酶Ⅱc 3个亚基构成酶Ⅱ。

酶I和HPr为非特异性细胞质蛋白，酶Ⅱa也是细胞质蛋白，亲水性酶Ⅱb与位于细胞膜上的疏水性酶Ⅱc相结合。

酶Ⅱ将一个葡萄糖运输进入胞内，磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)上的磷酸基团逐步通过酶I和HPr的磷酸化和去磷酸化作用，最终在酶Ⅱ的作用下转移到葡萄糖，这样葡萄糖在通过PTS进入细胞后加上了一个磷酸基团。

2.从基因工程的基本过程和基因工程的应用及展望两个方面来说明微生物与基因工程的关系。

答：基因工程的基本过程：目的基因的获得+重组载体的构建斗重组载体导人宿主细胞+阳性重组子的筛选+基因的测序和鉴定斗基因的控制表达。

每一个环节都离不开微生物的参与。

微生物世界的多样性为人类的活动提供了取之不尽、用之不竭的基因来源；基因工程的克隆载体通常由病毒、噬菌体和细菌质粒DNA改建而成；基因工程所用到的绝大多数工具酶都是从不同微生物中分离和纯化而获得的；基因工程中最重要、最广泛应用的克隆载体宿主是原核生物的大肠杆菌及真核生物的酿酒酵母。

植物基因工程和动物基因工程也要先构建穿梭载体，在大肠杆菌中完成外源基因或重组体DNA的拼接和改造，才能再转移到植物和动物细胞中。

大肠杆菌表达系统、酵母菌表达系统和哺乳动物细胞表达系统都是采用重组细胞通过微生物发酵罐的方式大量生产目的蛋白。

基因工程的应用表现在基因工程药物、基因治疗、改造传统工业发酵菌种、动植物特性的基因工程改良及环境保护中各个方面，并已经取得了丰硕的成果。

同时基因工程也推动了微生物学的发展，特别是对于新的微生物资源的开发，认识和了解微生物世界中更多的微生物种类、微生物代谢、微生物遗传等将产生积极的影响。

目　录2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2010年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2009年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2008年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2007年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)I. Cloze Test (10 points)Choose one of the four answers marked A, B, C, D to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers in agreement with the number of the blanks.Today, the world wide web can be used both to (1) information and to make it (2) to others. Information (3) on web pages is viewed by (4) of browser. The sources of information linked in this way can be located on any computer (5) is also part of the web. Each information source (6) to an indefinite member of other web pages. Hypertext and hyperlinks allow users acting as receivers of information to (7) from one source of information to another, (8) for themselves which information they wish to (9) to their browser and which links they want to (10) . The addresses of web pages can be found by using the many hundreds of general and specialized search engines which provide (11) to databases which hold information on them. Once a web pages has been found, hyperlinks may point (12) other places (13) interest on the web. Addresses of web pages also (14) in other more conventional media, such as magazines, newspapers and television programs, and on posters.Web pages, in their (15) , facilitate access to information made available by other (16) of media of example, collections held in librariesor programs broadcast on television.Most web pages offer interactive opportunities which go (17) merely allowing visitors freedom as to when and how they visit a page and where they might choose to go next. Feedback can be kept formal via a questionnaire which can be filled (18) , or informal by providing an address for e-mail or even by (19) a digital guest book for comments left for other users to read. Although all web pages are protected so that unauthorized visitors cannot make unsolicited changes to them, it is also possible to (20) access to pages on the internet to those holding a password.1. A. believe B. retrieve C. perceive D. conceive2. A. available B. obtainable C. achievable D. amicable3. A. displayed B. displaying C. displayable D. is displayed4. A. medium B. vehicle C. agent D. means5. A. what B. that C. which D. it6. A. maybe linked B. may be linked C. may is linked D. may linked7. A. wonder B. wander C. stray D. ramble8. A. deciding B. decided C. decide D. to decided9. A. transition B. transmit C. transform D. transfer10. A. flip B. slip C. skip D. skim11. A. success B. access C. assess D. possess12. A. about B. on C. at D. to13. A. on B. of C. in D. at14. A. to appear B. appeared C. appearing D. appear15. A. sequence B. order C. turn D. switch16. A. modes B. forums C. shapes D. forms17. A. beyond B. over C. against D. further18. A. up B. out C. with D. over19. A. install B. installed C. installing D. installs a20. A. constrain B. confine C. restrict D. limit【答案与解析】1.B retrieve 检索; 恢复; 重新得到。

目　录2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2010年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2009年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2008年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2007年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解2011年四川大学外国语学院638基础英语真题及详解Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)I. Cloze Test (10 points)Choose one of the four answers marked A, B, C, D to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers in agreement with the number of the blanks.Today, the world wide web can be used both to (1) information and to make it (2) to others. Information (3) on web pages is viewed by (4) of browser. The sources of information linked in this way can be located on any computer (5) is also part of the web. Each information source (6) to an indefinite member of other web pages. Hypertext and hyperlinks allow users acting as receivers of information to (7) from one source of information to another, (8) for themselves which information they wish to (9) to their browser and which links they want to (10) . The addresses of web pages can be found by using the many hundreds of general and specialized search engines which provide (11) to databases which hold information on them. Once a web pages has been found, hyperlinks may point (12) other places (13) interest on the web. Addresses of web pages also (14) in other more conventional media, such as magazines, newspapers and television programs, and on posters.Web pages, in their (15) , facilitate access to information made available by other (16) of media of example, collections held in librariesor programs broadcast on television.Most web pages offer interactive opportunities which go (17) merely allowing visitors freedom as to when and how they visit a page and where they might choose to go next. Feedback can be kept formal via a questionnaire which can be filled (18) , or informal by providing an address for e-mail or even by (19) a digital guest book for comments left for other users to read. Although all web pages are protected so that unauthorized visitors cannot make unsolicited changes to them, it is also possible to (20) access to pages on the internet to those holding a password.1. A. believe B. retrieve C. perceive D. conceive2. A. available B. obtainable C. achievable D. amicable3. A. displayed B. displaying C. displayable D. is displayed4. A. medium B. vehicle C. agent D. means5. A. what B. that C. which D. it6. A. maybe linked B. may be linked C. may is linked D. may linked7. A. wonder B. wander C. stray D. ramble8. A. deciding B. decided C. decide D. to decided9. A. transition B. transmit C. transform D. transfer10. A. flip B. slip C. skip D. skim11. A. success B. access C. assess D. possess。