排序英文缩写中文英文全称分类# #3B #3 (锅)炉#3 boiler 专设# #3T #3 (汽)机#3 turbine 专设S S_A A侧side A 位置L L_A A层Layer A 位置S SFT 安全SafetyP PB 按钮（键）push button 通设P PCT 百分比Percent 单位S SWAY 摆动swayS SFT 保安safety 电设备P PRCT 保护protection 功能A ALM 报警alarm 功能S STBY 备用standby 功能S STBY PW 备用电源standby power source 通设B BODY 本体body 通设P P 泵PUMP 通设S SCORE 比scoreC CL 闭式closed 功能C CL CIR WTR 闭式循环水closed circulating water 介质L LOCK 闭锁lock 状态L LOCK CL 闭锁关lock close 状态L LOCK OPN 闭锁开lock open 状态W WALL TEM 壁温wall temperature 单位X XFMR 变压器transformer 专设M MK UP WTR 补水make-up water 介质M MK UP OIL 补油make-up oil 介质N N_SYM 不对称non symmetry 功能R REF 参考referenceO OPR 操作operationS SLOT 槽slot 通设S SOUR 酸的sour 通设S SILO (煤、灰）筒仓silo 通设S SIDE 侧Side 位置S SIDE WALL 侧墙side wall 位置M MSMNT PNT 测点measurement point 位置L LAYER 层layer 位置D DIFF 差动differential 功能D DIF PRS 差压（压差）differential pressure 单位D DSL 柴油机diesel engine电设备P P_XFMR 厂变plant service transformer 电设备P P_L_XFMR 厂低变plant service lower电设备transformerW WORKSHOP 厂房Workshop 位置P P_L_XFMR 厂高变plant service higher 电设备transformerP PLNT INN 厂内plant inner 位置P PLNT 厂用Plant 功能P PLNT PW厂用电率Plant service power rate 单位RATEO OVER SPD 超速Over speed 状态O OVER TEM 超温over temperature 功能H WEGH 称weigher 功能P PRG 程控programmed control 功能G GEAR 齿轮Gear 通设FLUSH 冲洗flushC CHARGE 充电Charge 电设备E EXTR 抽汽extraction steam 介质T TAP 抽头tap 功能O OUTL 出口outlet 位置O OUTG WTR 出水Outgoing waterO OUTG WIRE 出线outgoing wire 位置S SLGRMV 出渣机，除渣slag remover 专设机P PREC 除尘器Precipitator 专设D DEMINE 除盐的Demineralized 功能D DEMINR 除盐装置Demineralized device 专设D DEA 除氧器Deaerator 专设PARAM 参数ParameterT TRMT 处理treatment 功能D DRUM 传动drum 功能S SURGE 喘震surge 功能S SBW 吹灰soot blow 功能S SBWR 吹灰器soot blower 专设P PURGE 吹扫purge 功能P PURITY 纯度purity 单位C CLFR 粗粉分离器classifier 专设O OPN DMD 打开命令open demand 命令B BIG PLTN 大屏( front ) big platen 专设D DMPR 挡板damper 通设C CONDT 导电度conductivity 单位S STMLP 导汽管steam lead pipe 专设P GUD 导向guide 功能P GUD BEAR 导向轴承guide bearing 通设G GDVN 导叶guide vane 通设L LOW 低Low 状态L LOW VOLT 低电压Low voltage 状态L LOW AUX 低辅low pressure auxiliary 专设L LPH 低加low pressure heater 专设L LOW FREQ 低频low frequencyL LOW SPD 低速low speed 状态L LOW TEM 低温low temperature 状态L LOW LMT 低限low limit 单位L LPC 低压缸low pressure cylinder 专设L LOW PRS 低压力low pressure 状态B BTM 底Bottom 位置S STG I 第一级Stage one 位置P PNT 点Point 位置I IGNT 点火Ignition 功能I IGNTR 点火器Ignitor 专设M MAG 电磁electric magnetic 介质M MAG V 电磁阀electric magnetic valve 通设M MO 电动motor operated 功能M MOV 电动调节门motor operated通设regulating valveM MDFP 电动给水泵motor drive feedwater专设pumpM MOV 电动门motor operated valve 通设K KWH 电度electrical work 单位M MTR 电机(电动机) electric motor 马达C CRRT 电流current 单位V VOLT 电压voltage 单位V VOLT LOOP 电压回路voltage loop 位置P PW 电源Power supply 通设R RGL STG 调节级regulating stage 专设R RGL V 调节门regulate valve 通设G GVN V 调速汽门governing valve 专设S SPD GVNR 调速器speed governor 专设P PH MDFR 调相机phase modifier, phasemodulator专设A ADJ 调整adjusting 功能B BFV 蝶阀butterfly valve 通设T TOP 顶top 位置C CLNG 顶棚ceiling 专设J JACK 顶轴jacking 功能I INTMT 定期(排污) intermittent 功能I INTMT BLDNFLTK 定期排污扩容器intermittent blow downflash tank专设S STAT 定子stator 电设备M MTV 动力motive power 功能M M_BLD 动叶片moving blade 专设A ACT 动作act 功能B BLOCK 堵塞blocking 功能E END FACE 端End face 位置# # 段Section 位置B BRKR 断路器breaker 通设W WTR CUT 断水cut off the water supply 功能D DISCON 断线disconnecting 状态S SYM 对称symmetry 功能A ATM REL对空排汽门atmospheric relief valve 专设VLVC COLLAR 轭部collar 位置S SA 二次风secondary air 介质S SAD 二次风挡板secondary air damper 专设G GXU 发变组generator transformer电设备unitG GEN 发电机generator 专设V V 阀门valve 通设valve position 单位P POS 阀位/ 位置反馈F FLAN 法兰flange 专设T TPLR 翻车机tippler 功能F FDBK 反馈feedback 功能R RVRS 反向reverse 状态R RRT 反转reversal rotation 功能M MODE 方式mode 功能D DISCH STM 放汽Discharge steam 功能D DISCH WTR 放水discharge water 功能D DISCH OIL 放油Discharge oil 功能N NON 非Non 状态N N_DRV_E 非驱动端non drive end 位置I ISLT PLTN 分隔屏isolating platen 专设S SEP 分离器Separator 专设A AREA 分区area 位置B BRCH 分支Branch 通设B BIN 粉仓bin, pulverized coal专设bunkerP PC LVL 粉位PC level 单位A AIR FLOW 风量Air flow 单位W WINDBOX 风箱Windbox 专设A AUX 辅助Auxiliary 功能L LOAD 负荷Load 单位P -P 负压negative pressure 单位T TVS 复速级two-velocity stage 专设R RSET 复位Reset 状态V VICE 副vice 功能H HIGH 高High 状态H HVSX 高备变high voltage standby电设备transformerH HIGH VOLT 高电压high voltage 状态H HIGH AUX 高辅high pressure auxiliary 专设H HPH 高加high pressure header 专设H HESI 高能点火器high energy spark ignitor 专设H HIGH SPD 高速high speed 状态H HLWB 高位水箱high level water box 专设H HIGH TEM 高温high temperature 状态H HIGH LMT 高限high limit 单位CYL 缸cylinderH HPC 高压缸high pressure cylinder 专设H HIGH PRS 高压力high pressure 状态H HIPC 高中压缸high intermediate专设pressure cylinderI ISLT 隔离isolate 功能I ISTN 隔热isulation 功能D DIAP 隔板HP diaphragm 专设P PVL FDR 给粉机pulverized coal feeder 马达C COAL FDR 给煤机(coal ) feeder 马达F FEED WTR 给水feedwater 功能I IND WTR 工业水industrial water 介质W WORK 工作working 功能O OX 工作变压器operating transformer 专设O O_PW 工作电源operating power 专设C COM 公用Common 功能C CX 公用变common transformer 专设P PW 功率Power 单位S STM SPL 供汽steam supply 介质H H2 SPL 供氢H2 supply 介质O OIL SPL 供油oil supply 介质F FAULT 故障Fault 状态C CL 关close 指令CYL 缸cylinderC CD 关命令close demand 命令C CP 关状态Closed position 状态P PIP 管, 管道Pipe 通设P PIP WALL 管壁Pipe wall 位置A ALM WIN 光字牌alarm window 专设C CAB 柜cabinet 通设B BLR 锅炉Boiler 专设B BLR HALL 锅炉房boiler hall 专设O OV LOAD 过负荷over load 状态O OV EXCTR 过励磁over excitator 状态O OV CRRT 过流over current 状态F FLTR 过滤器filter 通设S SHR 过热superheated 功能S SHTR 过热器superheater 专设S SHR STM 过热蒸汽superheated steam 介质O OV SPD 过速over speed 功能O OV VOLT 过压over voltage 功能F FUNNEL （过虑）漏斗filter funnel 功能O OV LOAD 过载overload 状态O O2 CT 含氧量oxygen content 单位N NO. 号（量词）Number 单位C CMPS 合成compose 功能C CL SWTH 合闸close switch 指令B BOX 盒box 通设B BA 后Back 位置R REAR PLTN 后屏rear platen 位置P PLT V 滑阀Pilot valve 通设A ASH HOP 灰斗ash hopper 专设R RTN (OIL,回(油,水) return (oil, water) 介质WTR)R RFF 回料风机return fuel fan 马达R RTN AIR 回送风return air 介质CIRC 回路circuitC CNVG 汇流convergeS SCNR 火检scanner 专设F FLM 火焰flame 介质F FLM INTS 火焰强度flame intensity 单位N NOZZLE 火嘴Nozzle 通设T TURB SIDE 机端turbine side 位置C CAB 机柜Cabinet 通设M MCHN 机械mechanical 功能U UNIT 机组unit 专设A ACTIVE 激励active 功能S STG 级Stage 单位S STM HDR 集汽联箱steam header 专设W WTR CLCT 集水箱water collector 专设H HDR 集箱header 通设C CAL 计算calculation 功能R RELAY 继电器relay 专设H HTR 加热器heater 专设H HEAT STM 加热蒸汽heat steam 介质S SPD UP 加速speed up 功能C CRVC 夹层crevice 专设C CRVC 间隙crevice 位置M MNTR 监视monitor 功能R REDR 减少Reduce 指令A ALKL 碱的alkali 专设S SLOW DN 减速slow down 指令D DSH 减温Desuperheat 功能P PRS/TEMREDR 减温减压器temperature and pressurereducer专设D DSHR 减温器Desuperheater 专设P PRS REDR V 减压阀pressure reducer valve 功能T TEST 检测test 功能M MAINTENACE 检修maintenance 功能E EXCHR 交换器exchanger 专设A AC 交流alternating current 单位R RBBR BALL 胶球rubber ball 通设C CRNR 角corner 位置G GND 接地ground 功能E END 结束end 状态T THTTL 截止throttle 功能O ONLY 仅Only 状态E EMG 紧急Emergency 状态E EMG RLV OILV 紧急放油阀emergency relieve oilvalve专设I ING 进Ingoing 功能I ING LINE 进线ingoing line 位置F FINE TRMT 精处理fine treatment 功能C CLEAN 净clean 状态R RAD / AXI 径向radial / axial 功能S S_BLD 静叶片stationary blade 专设L LCL 就地Local 状态I ISLT 绝缘Isolation 功能S SWTH 开关switch 通设S STR 开始start 状态O OPN 开式open 功能O OPN CIR 开式循环open circulating 功能O OPN CIR WTR 开式循环水open circulating water 介质O OP 开状态opened status 状态F FPO 抗燃油flame proof oil 介质S SHELL 壳体shell 通设G GVN 可调速的governing 功能A AIR_S 空侧air side 位置A AIR 空气Air 介质A APH 空预器air preheater 专设C CTL 控制Control 功能C CTL DMD 控制命令(对Control demand 命令调节阀)C CTL ROOM 控制室control room 专设C CTL BOX 控制箱control box 专设R RB 快速减负荷run back 功能F FLTK 扩容器flash tank 功能C COLD AIR 冷风cold air 介质C CLG 冷却cooling 功能C CLG AIR FAN 冷却风机cooling air (blower) fan 专设C CLR 冷却器cooler 专设O OIL CLR 冷油器oil cooler 专设C COOL RHT 冷再热cool reheat 状态I ION 离子ionV VERT 立式vertical type 状态E EXCT 励磁excitation 专设E EXCTR 励磁机excitator 专设E EXCTR SIDE 励端excitator side 位置C CTN BLDN 连排continue blowdown 专设C CTN BLDNFLTK 连排扩容器continue blowdownflashtank专设C CNTR 连通管connector 通设C CSV 联合汽门combined steam valve 专设I INTRCT 联络interconnection 功能I INTRLK 联锁interlock 功能H HDR 联箱header 通设0 0_SEQ 零序zero sequence 功能F FLW 流量flow 单位F FNC 炉膛furnace 专设F FLTR 滤网filter 通设O OIL FLTR 滤油器oil filter 专设R RATE 率rate 单位M MTR 马达motor 通设P PULSE 脉冲PulseM MATCH 满足match 功能P CP 煤粉coal powder 介质B BIN 仓bin 专设S SEAL 密封Sealing 功能S SEAL WTR 密封水seal water 功能S SEAL OIL 密封油seal oil 功能M MILL 磨煤机coal mill 马达W WNUT 磨损worn outB BOWL 磨碗bowl 专设VEIL （水）幕veilL L_STG 末级the last stage 位置H HDR 母管header 通设Na 钠sodiumB BUS 母线bus 通设inner 位置I INN 内, 内侧, 内部N NA 钠natriumI INVS 逆inverse 状态C CHK V 逆止门check valve, non-return通设valveM MESH 啮合mesh 状态C CND 凝结condensate 专设C CND WTR 凝结水condensated water 介质C CND P 凝结水泵condensate pump 专设C CNSR 凝汽器condenser 专设T TOROSC 扭振torsional oscillation 单位S SAH 暖风器steam air heater 专设C CPLR 耦合器coupler 专设R ROW 排(量词) row 单位P PCE 排粉机pulverized coal马达exhausterE EXH 排风Exhaust 功能E EXHR 排风机Exhauster 马达V VENT 排空Vent 功能E EXH STM 排汽Exhaust steam 功能E DISCH WTR 排水discharge water 功能B BLDN 排污Blowdown 功能F FLUE GAS 排烟flue gas 功能E EGF 排烟风机exhaust gas fan 马达E EXH OIL 排油Exhaust oil 功能T TURN 盘车turning gear 功能P PNFC 盘面panel face 通设B BYPS 旁路bypass 通设S SPRAY 喷水spray 功能E EXP 膨胀expansion 状态NZL 喷嘴nozzleB BELT 皮带belt 专设E ECNT 偏心度Eccentricity 功能F FREQ 频率Frequency 单位PLTN 屏platenP PLTN FAN 屏风机platen fan 马达P P_SHTR 屏式过热器platen superheat 专设S STR 启动start 命令S STRD 启动指令Start demand 命令P PNMTC 气动pneumatic 功能G GAS 气体gas 介质S STM 汽Steam 介质D DRUM 汽包Drum 专设T BFPT 汽动给水泵turbine-driven feedwater专设pumpS SDOP 汽动油泵steam-driven oil pump 专设G GLD 汽封steam sealing, steam seal功能glandC CYL 汽缸cylinder 专设T TURB 汽机turbine 专设S STM TEM 汽温steam temperature 单位F FR 前front 位置F F/B 前后front / back 位置B BP 前置泵booster pump 专设F FORCE 强制force 功能W WALL 墙Wall 通设H H2_S 氢侧H2 side 位置L LIGHT 轻light 状态W WASH 清洗wash 功能A AREA 区area 位置D DRV_E 驱动端drive end 位置W WHL PLNT 全厂whole plantW WHL DAY 全天whole day3 3 PH 全相all phases 功能P PH LOSE 缺相phase lose 状态A ACK 确认acknowledge 功能B BRNHT 燃尽burning exhaust 状态F FUEL 燃料Fuel 介质B BNR 燃烧器Burner 专设W WND 绕组winding 专设H HOT AIR 热风hot air 介质H HOT WELL 热井hot well 专设H HOT RHT 热再热hot reheat 状态H HYDL 液压hydraulic 介质D DSSLV 溶解dissolved 功能F FUSE 熔断fusible 状态F FUSE 熔断器fusible cutout 专设I INL 入口inlet 位置L LUB 润滑lube 功能L LUB OIL 润滑油lube oil 功能T TA 三次风tertiary air 介质T T V 三通阀T valve 通设U UP 上, 上部up 位置U UPP 上层upper 位置W WTR SPL 上水water-supply 功能S SET 设定Set 功能E EXTD 伸进Extend 功能S STEP UP 升压step up 功能E ECON 省煤器Economizer 专设F FAIL 失败failure 状态L LOSE SYN 失步lose synchronizer 功能L LOSE MAG 失磁lose magnet 状态N NODR 失灵be out of order 状态E EMG 事故Emergency 状态T TEST 试验testC CLCT 收集Collection 功能M MANL 手动Manual 状态D DRN 疏水drain water 功能D DRN V 疏水阀drain water 专设D DRN TK 疏水罐drain tank 专设D DRN FLTK 疏水扩容器drain water flashtank 功能P PUL CVR 输粉机pulverized coal conveyor 马达C COAL CVR 输煤机coal conveyer 功能X XPRT 输送transport 功能V VERT 竖直(方向)的vertical 状态ACID 酸acidW WTR 水water 介质W WTR P 水泵Water pump 通设W WTR TRMT 水处理water treatment 功能W WTR SEAL 水封Water seal 功能W WTR WALL 水冷壁water wall 专设W WTR水幕water curtain 专设CURTAINH HORZ 水平(方向)的horizontal 状态W WTR LVL 水位water level 单位W WTR BOX 水箱water box 通设F FD 送风forced draft air 介质F FDF 送风机forced draft fan 马达S SPD 速度Speed 单位F FAST CL 速断fast-closing 功能P PROBE 探针Probe 通设DETEC 探头detectorT TRIP 跳闸trip 状态C CORE 铁芯( iron ) core 电设备S SD 停止命令stop command 命令S SP 停止状态stop position 状态C CHANL 通道Channel 通设D DRAFT 通风Draft 功能S SCHN 同步器, 同操Synchronizer 专设器RGL 调节regulateS SYNCH 同期synchronousB BBIN 筒体bobbin 位置P PUTIN 投putting into 指令O OUTL SIDE 吐出端outlet side 位置T THST 推力thrust 功能T THST BEAR 推力轴承thrust bearing 专设R RETR 退回, 缩回retract 指令P PAD 瓦(轴承) pad 通设P PAD 瓦块pad 专设B BCHTZ 瓦斯buchholtz 介质O OUT 外部outer 位置N NET CTL网控楼network control room 功能ROOMD DISP 位移displace 状态P POS 位置position 位置T TEM 温度temperature 单位I INT VOLT 问询电压interrogation voltage 单位R R_PW 无功reactive power 单位A ATM 雾化atomizing 功能I INL SIDE 吸入端inlet side 位置S SYS 系统systemC CSEP 细粉分离器cyclone separator 专设D DN 下down 位置L LWR 下层, 低层lower 位置D DNCMR 下降管downcomer 专设C COIL 线圈coil 通设L LMT 限limitP PH 相phase 单位R RLTV EXP 相对膨胀relative expansion 单位P PH DIFF 相位差phase angle difference 单位D DEMAG 消磁装置demagnetizer 功能F FGHT 消防fire_fighting 功能R RBCH 消泡箱ridding bubble chamber 专设D DSPPR 消失disappear 状态B BFPT 小汽机boiler feeder water pump专设turbine< < 小于< 状态D DISCH 泄放Discharge 功能L LEAK 泄漏leak 功能S SGNL 信号signalWASH 洗washS STROKE 行程stroke 单位B BATTERY 蓄电池storage battery 电设备E ENST 蓄能器energy storage 专设S SEL 选择select, selectionC CIR 循环circulating 功能C CIR WTR 循环水circulating water 介质D DIFF PRS 压差（差压）differential pressure 单位P PRS 压力pressure 单位C CPRESS AIR 压缩空气compressed air 介质G GAS PASS 烟道gas pass 专设G GAS 烟气gas 介质G GAS TEM 烟温gas temp 单位C CATION 阳离子cation因数coefficientO O2 氧O2 介质O O2 CT 氧量oxygen content 单位R REMO 遥控Remote 状态D DMD 要求Demand 指令H HD_CPLR 液力耦合器hydraulic coupler 专设L LVL 液位level 单位H HYDL OIL 液压油hydraulic oil 介质P PA 一次风primary air 介质P PAF 一次风机primary air fan 马达P PAO 一次油primary oil 介质1 1ST EXTR 一段抽汽1st extraction 介质S STG I 一级Stage one 位置T INSTM 仪（器）用instrument 功能C CD 已关, 关状态Closed 状态A ABNM 异常abnormal 状态O OVFL 溢overflowO OVFL STN 溢流站overflow station 专设I IDA 引风induced draft air 介质I IDF 引风机induced draft fan 马达M MGNT 永励机magneto generator 马达C CV 用户阀customer valve 专设O OIL 油oil 介质O OIL P 油泵oil pump 通设H HD_MTR 油动机hydraulic servomotor 马达O OIL VLU 油量Oil value 单位O OIL PIPE 油路oil pipeO OIL TEM 油温oil temperature 单位O OIL BOX 油箱Oil box 通设O OIL PRS 油压oil pressure 单位O OIL STN 油站oil station 专设P PW ON 有电power on 单位A ATOMIZER 油雾化器oil atomizer 专设A A_PW 有功功率active power 单位R RI 右right 位置P PRHT 预热preheat 功能P PRHT PIP 预热管道preheat pipe 专设S SRC 源sourceR RMT 远方remote 位置P PMT 允许permit 指令R RUN 运行Run 状态R RUNP 运行状态Running position 状态T TURN 匝间turn 位置R RHT 再热Reheat 介质R RHTR 再热器reheater 专设R RHT STM 再热蒸汽reheated steam 介质R RGEN 再生regeneration 功能R RECIR 再循环recirculate 功能R RECIR V 再循环阀recirculating valve 专设B BH 在…的后面behind 位置I INC 增加increate 命令S STN 站Station 通设E EXP DIFF 胀差expansion difference 单位V VACM 真空Vacuum 单位V VACM P 真空泵vacuum pump 专设V VACM BRK V 真空破坏阀vacuum break valve 单位V VBRT 振动vibration 功能S STM ROOM 蒸汽室steam chamber 专设R RCTF 整流的rectifying 功能R RCTFR 整流器rectifier 专设N NORM 正常normal 状态+ + 正的positive 状态R RT 正转rotation 功能L LIFT 支撑lift 功能L LIFT BEAR 支撑轴承lift bearing 专设B BRCH 支路branchD DC 直流direct current 单位D DMD 指令, 命令Demand 指令T TO 至toM MID 中间, 中部Middle 位置N NTRL PNT 中性点Neutral point 位置I INTR PRS 中压intermediate pressure 状态I IPC 中压缸intermediate pressure专设cylinderH HEAVY 重heavy 状态R RENEW 重新renewB BEAR 轴承bearing 通设G GLD 轴封Gland 专设B BUSH 轴瓦Bush 专设A AXI DISP 轴向位移axial displacement 功能M MAIN 主main 功能M MAIN XFMR 主变main transformer 电设备M MAIN TURB 主机main turbine 功能M MAIN STM V 主汽门main steam stop valve 专设M MFT 主燃料跳闸master fuel trip 状态M MAIN STM 主蒸汽main steam 功能O OIL TK 贮油箱oil tank 专设R ROT SPD 转速rotating speed 单位T TURN ROOM 转向室turning room 专设R RTR 转子rotor 电设备E EQPMT 装置equipment 通设S ST 状态status, state 状态A AUTO 自动automatic 状态L LBTY SIDE 自由端liberty side 位置CONSUM 自用consumMIXED 杂用mixedI IMPDC 阻抗impedance 单位C COMBNR 组件Combiner 通设M MAX 最大Maximum 状态M MCR 最大持续功率maximum continuous revolution单位M MIN 最小Minimum 状态L LE 左Left 位置。
专业常用英语电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss输电系统 power transmission system高压侧 high side 输电线 transmission line高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability 暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer交流 AC 直流 DC 电网 power system落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation高抗 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度 margin故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap切机 generator triping 高顶值 high limited value 静态 static (state) 动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator阻抗电压：阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade 有功负载: active load/PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap posit ion电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence im pedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率） reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流 reactivecurrent斜率 slope 额定 rating 变比 ratio参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT 分接头 tap仿真分析 simulation analysis 下降率 droop rate 传递函数 transfer fun ction框图 block diagram 受端 receive-side 同步 synchronization保护断路器 circuit breaker 摇摆 swing 阻尼 damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 机端 genera tor terminal变电站 transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架 double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统 one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流：magnetizing current 补偿度 degree of compensation Electromagnetic fields 电磁场失去同步 loss of synchronization装机容量 installed capacity 无功补偿 reactive power compensation故障切除时间 fault clearing time 极限切除时间 critical clearing time 强行励磁 reinforced excitation 并联电容器：shunt capacitor< 下降特性 droop characteristics 线路补偿器 LDC(line drop compensatio n)电机学 Electrical Machinery 自动控制理论 Automatic Control Theory电磁场 Electromagnetic Field微机原理 Principle of Microcomputer电工学 Electrotechnics Principle of circuits 电路原理Electrical Machinery 电机学。
很好“电力专业词汇”专业常用英语电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 无功损耗：reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss输电系统 power transmission system高压侧 high side 输电线 transmission line高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer交流 AC 直流 DC 电网 power system落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation高抗 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度 margin故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap切机 generator triping 高顶值 high limited value 静态 static (state)动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator阻抗电压：阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade有功负载: active load/PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap position电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率） reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流 reactive current斜率 slope 额定 rating 变比 ratio参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT 分接头 tap仿真分析 simulation analysis 下降率 droop rate 传递函数 transfer function框图 block diagram 受端 receive-side 同步 synchronization保护断路器 circuit breaker 摇摆 swing 阻尼 damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 机端 generator terminal变电站 transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架 double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统 one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流：magnetizing current 补偿度 degree of compensationElectromagnetic fields 电磁场失去同步 loss of synchronization装机容量 installed capacity 无功补偿 reactive power compensation故障切除时间 fault clearing time 极限切除时间 critical clearing time强行励磁 reinforced excitation 并联电容器：shunt capacitor< 下降特性 droop characteristics 线路补偿器 LDC(line drop compensation)电机学 Electrical Machinery 自动控制理论 Automatic Control Theory电磁场 Electromagnetic Field微机原理 Principle of Microcomputer电工学 Electrotechnics Principle of circuits 电路原理Electrical Machinery 电机学。
Closed Loop SystemsA system that controls its output by monitoring its output is said to be a closed loop system. An example of a closed loop system is the vehicle's charging system. The voltage regulator adjusts the voltage output of the alternator by monitoring alternator voltage output. If voltage is too low, the voltage regulator will increase alternator output. Without the voltage regulator, alternator output could not be adjusted to match the electrical loads. Many systems are closed loop systems. Some other examples are: cruise control, ignition system knock control, idle speed control, and closed loop air/fuel ratio correction control. When the ECM corrects theair/fuel ratio based on the oxygen or air/fuel ratio sensor, the system is said to be in closed loop.Open Loop SystemsAn open loop system does not monitor its output and make adjustments based on its output. The temperature control in a vehicle not equipped with automatic air conditioning serves as an example.Closed Loop Fuel ControlThe ECM needs to monitor the exhaust stream and adjust the air/fuel ratio so that the catalytic converter will operate at peak efficiency, reducing regulated emission gases. Measuring the amount of oxygen remaining after combustion is a means to indicate the air/fuel ratio. A richer mixture will consume more oxygen during combustion than a leaner mixture. The oxygen sensor or air/fuel ratio sensor measures the amount of oxygen remaining after combustion in the exhaust stream. From this information, the ECM will control the injection duration to achieve the desired, ideal air/fuel ratio of 14.7: 1. This is necessary so the catalytic converter will operate at peak efficiency.Note: The engine operation often requires different air/fuel ratios for starting, maximum power, and maximum fuel economy. The 14.7:1 ratio is for catalytic converter efficiency.Stoichiometry and Catalyst EfficiencyFor the catalytic converter to operate at peak efficiency, the air/fuel ratio must be at the ideal stoichiometric ratio of 14.7 parts air to one part fuel as measured by weight. This why the ECMtries to maintain a 14.7 to I ratio whenever possible.Open Loop ModeThe ECM will be in open loop mode when:• starting the engine.• the engine is cold.• hard acceleration.• during fuel cut-off.• wide open throttle.If the engine will not go into closed loop mode, the problem may be insufficient engine temperature, no response from the oxygen sensor or air/fuel sensor, or the heater circuit is inoperative. Usually, no response from the oxygen or A/F sensor will set DTC P0125.If there is a driveability problem only in closed loop, anything that disrupts air/fuel ratio, theoxygen or A/F sensor circuit may be the cause.Closed Loop Operation/Oxygen SensorWhen in closed loop, the ECM uses the oxygen sensor voltage signal to make minor corrections to the injection duration. This is done to help the catalytic converter operate at peak efficiency.When the voltage is higher than 450 mV, the air/fuel ratio is judged to be richer than the ideal air/fuel ratio and the amount of fuel injected is reduced at a constant rate. The reduction in theduration continues until the oxygen sensor signal switches to a low voltage (lean air/fuel ratio).When the voltage signal is lower than 450 mV, the air/fuel ratio is judged to leaner than the ideal air/fuel ratio so the amount of fuel injected is increased at a constant rate. The increase in duration continues until the oxygen sensor switches to high voltage (rich air/fuel ratio). At this point, the ECM will slowly decrease the amount of fuel, therefore the air/fuel ratio oscillates slightly richer or leaner from the ideal air/fuel ratio. The result is an average of approximately 14.7: 1. This produces the proper mixture of exhaust gases so that the catalytic converter operates at its most efficient level.The frequency of this rich/lean cycle depends on exhaust flow volume (engine RPM and load), the oxygen sensor response time, and the fuel control programming. At idle, exhaust flow volume is low, and the switching frequency of the oxygen sensor is low. As engine speed increases, the switching frequency of the oxygen sensor increases, generally eight or more times at 2,500 RPM in ten seconds.Closed Loop Operation Air/Fuel SensorWith an A/F sensor, air/fuel mixture correction is faster and more precise. An oxygen sensor signal voltage abruptly changes at the ideal A/F ratio and changes very little as the air/fuel ratio extends beyond the ideal ratio. This makes fuel control less precise, for the ECM must gradually and in steps change the injection duration until the oxygen sensor signal abruptly switches.By contrast, the A/F sensor outputs a voltage signal that is relatively proportional to the A/F ratio. The ECM now knows how much the A/F ratio has deviated from the ideal, and thus, the fuel control program can immediately adjust the fuel injection duration. This rapid correction reduces emission levels because the ECM can more accurately maintain the ideal air/fuel ratio for the best catalytic converter efficiency.Therefore, when observing A/F sensor voltage output, the output is relatively constant because there is no cycling between rich and lean.Fuel TrimAs the engine and sensors change over time, the ECM needs a method to adjust the injection duration for improved driveability and emission performance. Fuel trim is a program in the ECM designed to compensate for these changes.When in closed loop, the ECM modifies the final injection duration based on the oxygen sensor. These minor corrections are needed to maintain the correct air/fuel ratio. However, if more correction than normal (as determined by the ECM) is needed, the ECM will use the fuel trim strategy to compensate. Fuel trim allows the ECM to learn and adjust the injectionduration quickly by reducing the correction time back to normal. This means that driveability and performance will not suffer.Fuel trim can be observed on the Diagnostic Tester as a percentage. A positive percentage means that the ECM has increased the duration and a negative percentage means the ECM has decreased the duration.There are two different fuel trim values that affect final injection duration and can be observed by the technician; short term fuel trim (SHORT FT) and long term fuel trim (LONG FT). SHORT FT is a temporary addition or subtraction to the basic injection duration. LONG FT is part of the basic injection duration calculation and it is stored in the ECM's memory.SHORT FTSHORT FT is based on the oxygen sensor, and therefore, it only functions in closed loop. SHORT FT responds rapidly to changes in the oxygen sensor. If SHORT FT is varying close to 0%, little or no correction is needed. When SHORT FT percentage is positive, the ECM has added fuel by increasing the duration. A negative percentage means the ECM has subtracted fuel by decreasing the duration. The SHORT FT value is temporary and not stored when the ignition key is turned off.SHORT FT is used to modify the long term fuel trim. When the SHORT FT remains higher or lower longer than expected, the ECM will add or subtract this value to the LONG FT.LONG FTLONG FT is stored in memory because it is part of the basic injection duration calculation. The ECM uses the SHORT FT to modify the LONG FT. The LONG FT does not react rapidly to sudden changes, it only changes when the ECM decides to use the SHORT FT value to modify the LONG FT. LONG FT is stored in the ECM's memory and it is not erased when the ignition key is turned off. Because LONG FT is part of the basic injection duration, it affects injection duration in closed and open loop. Like the SHORT FT, when LONG FT is at 0% there has been no modification to the basic injection duration. A positive percentage means the ECM is adding fuel; a negative percentage, subtracting fuel.Fuel System MonitorThe fuel system monitor is designed to set a DTC if the fuel injection system is going to exceed emission standards. This monitor uses the fuel trim correction levels for detection. The amount of fuel trim correction that will set a DTC varies with each engine type and model year.ASSIGNMENT NAME: ___________________________1. Explain in detail Open Loop Operation?2. Explain in detail Closed Loop Operation?3. Explain the relationship between “Stiochometric Fuel Ratio” and “Catalytic Converterefficiency”:4. List the five engine conditions when the ECM will be in “Open Loop Mode”:5. Explain in detail how the ECM uses the Oxygen Sensor to control fuel duration:6. Explain the term “Fuel Trim”7. Explain in detail both “SHORT Fuel Trim” and “LONG Fuel Trim”;。
