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8BU1语法——现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法用法1：表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
Eddie has eaten my food. Eddie吃了我的食物。
用法2：表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
He has lived here since 1995. 自从1995年以来，他一直住在这儿。
用法3：表示到现在为止，某一个动作发生了多少次I have already read this book many times so far.(到现在为止，我已经读过这本书许多次了)二、现在完成时的句式1.构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词陈述句They have finished their homework.He has finished his homework.否定句They haven’t finished their homework.He hasn’t finished his homework.一般疑问句Have they finished their homework?Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.2.动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词的构成1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：study→studied carry→carried try→triedworry→worried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：stop→stopped drop→dropped不规则动词的过去分词的构成1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run 2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：sit→sat win→won hold→held3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：lend→lent spend→spent send→sent4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如：keep→kept sleep→slept5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如：teach→taught buy→bought6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如：say→said pay→paid7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如：give→given eat→eaten三、现在完成时的时间状语already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now知识点1：already与yet用法区别already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
现在完成时⒈构成Have/has +过去分词现在完成时得肯定式、否定式与疑问式:【提示】①现在完成时得肯定式与否定式有其缩写形式:have→’ve, has→’s、例如:She’s worked、=She has worked、 I’ve not worked、 = I haven’t worked、②现在完成时得否定疑问句形式为:Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为:Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked? Hasn’t he worked?③现在完成时得简略回答形式为:Yes, I have、 No, I have not/haven’t、⒉用法⑴过去动作产生得影响等表示过去发生得某一动作对现在造成得影响或产生得结果。
在没有具体时间状语得情况下,现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成,而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。
因此,现在完车时这一时态强调得就是过去得动作同现在得联系,也就就是强调现在得影响与结果。
例如:Someone has broken the window、(“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去,但影响延续至今,其结果就是窗子仍然就是破得,The window is now broken、)I have lost my pen、(结果就是:我现在无钢笔可用,I have no pen to use、)He’s locked the door、(结果就是:现在门锁上了,我们进不去,Now the door is locked and we can’t go in、)The party has started、 (The party started and now it is going on、)I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name、她今天还没吃任何东西、(现在一定很饿了)_________________________________________________________________我已经吃过午饭了(现在不饿了)____________________________________________________⑵过去得动作延续到现在与未来表示一个开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能继续下去得动作或状态,常同for, since引导得时间状语连用,或用于How long…(多久)句型中,表示持续得时间。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册：现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.否定句He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句What has he done?3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
例如：The car has arrived. 车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。
例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.: I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不句中e.g.：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中e.g.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久e.g.：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?(3)三词组1.have<has>gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)2.have<has>been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3.have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how longe.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
8BUnit1-3现在完成时语法（完整讲解）和练习（含答案）一、现在完成时讲解8BUnit1语法1. 构成：have / has + 动词过去分词2. 意义1）过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
She has lived here since she was born.You have studied in this school since 2014.I have taught English for 18 years. (注意：动词必须为延续性动词)2）发生在过去，对现在有影响的动作。
I have lost my key, so I can’t get into my house.Who has cleaned the window? It’s really clean.The bus has left, you must wait for the next one.I have seen the film. I won’t see it tonigh t.3）到目前为止，事情发生的次数。
I have already read this book many times.My uncle has been to France twice.How many times have you been to Beijing?★现在完成时的不同句式：1) She has lived in Wuxi since 2002.→Has she lived in Wuxi since 2002? Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.→She hasn’t lived in Wuxi since 2002.→How long has she lived in Wuxi?2) They have been to Shanghai three times.→Have they been to Shanghai three times?Yes, they have./ No, they haven’t.→They haven’t been to Shanghai three times.→How many times have they been to Shanghai?3.完成时常和以下时间状语连用：1)already 已经肯定句/ 特殊疑问句yet 还，仍否定句/ 一般疑问句She has already finished her homework. 句中She has finished her homework already.句末Has she finished her homework yet? 句末She hasn’t finished her homework yet. 句末2) ever 曾经肯定句/ 一般疑问句never 从未否定句I have ever seen the film. （肯定句）Have you ever seen this film? （一般疑问句）I have never seen the film. （否定句）3) since 自从+ 过去的时间点/ 一般过去时从句for 长达+ 一段时间（表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态）我爸爸在这住了二十年了。
如今完成时中长短动词的转化(8B P28)班级__________ 姓名____________(1) buy →have → have (has) hada. I bought the book 2 years ago.b. I have had the book for 2 years/since 2 years ago.(2) borrow → keep → have (has) kepta. I borrowed the book last week.b. I have kept the book since last week.(3) leave → be away (from) → have (has) been away (from)a. I left Xuzhou 7 years ago.b. I have been away from Xuzhou since 7 years ago/ for 7 years.(4) die → be dead → have (has) been deada. The dog died a week ago.b. The dog has been dead for a week/ since a week ago.(5) join → be in → have (has) been in→ be a member of → have (has) been a member ofa. He joined the English Club yesterday.b. He has been in/ has been a member of the English since yesterday.(6) arrive/get to/reach/come/go → be in/at → have (has) been in/ata. Tom arrived in Huai’an a moment ago.b. Tom has been in Huai’an for a moment.(7) begin/start → be on→ have (has) been ona. The film started 2 hours ago.b. The film has been on for 2 hours.(8) begin/start to do →去掉begin/start to第 1 页a. People began to use computers many years ago.b. People have used computers many years ago.(9) get+adj. →变get为be+adj. → have (has) been +adj.a. My parents got married 25 years ago.b. My parents have been married for 25 years.(10) open →be open →have (has) been opena. The new supermarket opened at 8 o’clock this morning.b. The new supermarket has been open since 8 o’clock this morning.(11) close →be closed →have (has) been closeda. The park closed last week.b. The park has been closed since last week.(12) turn off → be off/keep…off→物+have (has) been off人+have (has) kept…offa. I have kept the light off for 5 hours.b. The light has been off for 5 hours.(13) turn on → be on/keep…on→物+have (has) been on人+have (has) kept…ona. She turned on the TV 5 hours ago.b. She has kept the TV on for 5 hours.c. The TV has been on for 5 hours.(14) fall +adj. →变fall 为be+adj. → have (has) been +adj.a. The student fell asleep last night.b. The student has been asleep since last night.(15) catch fire → be on fire → have (has) been on firea. The house caught fire yesterday.b. The house has been on fire since yesterday.第 2 页(16) catch a cold → have a cold → have (has) had a colda. Tom caught a cold last week.b. Tom has had a cold since last week.(17) get to know → know → have (has) knowna. I got to know her 5 years ago.b. I have known her for 5 years.(18) put on → be in →have (has) been in→ wear → have (has) worna. The little girl put on the dress an hour ago.b. The little girl has worn the dress for an hour.c. The little girl has been in the dress for an hour.(19) become → be → have (has) beena. My sister became an engineer 2 years ago.b. My sister has been an engineer for 2 years.(20) finish/stop/end → be over → have (has) been overa. The meeting finished half an hour ago.b. The meeting has been over for half an hour ago.注意：〔1〕短动词和长动词都可以用如今完成时。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册现在完成时语法知识讲解（一）现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。
has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。
（过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”）①I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课②I have lived in Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。
③My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。
2.现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。
否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven’t 和hasn’t .①I haven’t seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。
②He hasn’t been to Japan.他没有去过日本。
一般疑问句：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它？肯定回答：Yes.主语+have /has.否定回答：No,主语+have /has not。
③---Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗？--Yes, I have(No, I haven’t ) 是的。
（不，还没有）④---Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗----Yes, he has . (No , he hasn’t ) 是的。
（不，没及格）巩固练习：1. The bus hasn’t arrived yet. (改成肯定句) The bus ________ _______ __________.2. I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)______ you ________ the interesting films recently?3. I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.4. I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句)_____ ________ finished doing your homework ________?5. She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句)She _________ worked out that difficult problem __________.（二）现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
不规则动词表现在完成时总结一、现在完成时的含义1.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。
（可以和表示延续的时间状语连用，但句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
（常翻译为“已经”、“过”、“了”）3.表示到目前为止一个动作做了多少次。
二、现在完成时的标志词1.for: + 一段时间2.Since+时间点（1）since+过去的某一时刻例如：since last week（2）一段时间+ago 例如：since 9 years ago（3）一般过去时态的时间状语从句主句（现在完成时）+since从句（一般过去时）3. just, already（肯定句），yet（疑问句或否定句），ever（疑问句），never，recently，4. So far（到目前为止），since then, until now（直到现在）， up till/to now（直到现在）5. in recent years, over/during+一段时间，in the past/ few years5. before...6. once, twice, ......三、现在完成时的基本结构1. 肯定：主语 + have/has + done+其它2. 否定：主语+ have/has not+ done+其它。
3. 一般疑问句：Have+主语+done+其它？4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其它？四、过去分词的构成1.规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
（2）以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
（3）以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ ed ”。
（4）先写加“ ed ”。
2.不规则动词的过去分词见P122表五、短暂性动词和延续性动词转换1.定义（1）延续性动词，又叫长动词。
牛津译林版八年级英语下册现在完成时语法知识讲解（一）现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。
has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。
（过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”）①I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课②I have lived in Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。
③My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。
2.现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。
否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven’t 和hasn’t .①I haven’t seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。
②He hasn’t been to Japan.他没有去过日本。
一般疑问句：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它？肯定回答：Yes.主语+have /has.否定回答：No,主语+have /has not。
③---Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗？--Yes, I have(No, I haven’t ) 是的。
（不，还没有）④---Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗----Yes, he has . (No , he hasn’t ) 是的。
（不，没及格）巩固练习：1. The bus hasn’t arrived yet. (改成肯定句) The bus ________ _______ __________.2. I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)______ you ________ the interesting films recently?3. I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.4. I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句)_____ ________ finished doing your homework ________?5. She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句)She _________ worked out that difficult problem __________.（二）现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
现在完成时⒈构成Have/has +过去分词现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式：【提示】①现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式：have→’ve, has→’s.例如：She’s worked. =She has worked. I’ve not worked. = I haven’t worked.②现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为：Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked? Hasn’t he worked?③现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t.⒉用法⑴过去动作产生的影响等表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。
因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。
例如：Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.）I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.）He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.)The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.)I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name.他今天还没吃任何东西.(现在一定很饿了)_________________________________________________________________我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了）____________________________________________________⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。
例如：He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去）She has lived here since then.He has been in Nanjing since 2003.Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city.你已经住在这个房子里多久了？_____________________________________________________这个女孩已经病了一个星期了。
______________________________________________________【提示】for是介词，后面只能跟单词或词组；since是介词或连词，后面可以跟单词、词组或句子。
⑶同recently等状语连用现在完成时常同表示从过去某时刻延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如recently, today, this morning, this week, lately, up to now, so far, in the past/last few months, since three years ago等。
例如：I haven’t seen him this week.I have been busy this morning.He has bought a new bike recently.⑷同often等状语连用现在完成时常同不明确指出具体时间的状语连用，如often, already, yet, never, ever, always, once, twice, sometimes, just, for a long time, only twice等。
例如：Have you done your homework yet?我们已经完成了工作。
__________________________________我从没去过英国。
_______________________________________⑸将来某时已经完成的动作现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
例如：He will come as soon as he has finished the homework.If you have read the book before I leave, please lend it to me.We shall wait here until the rain has stopped.⑹have gone和have beenhave gone和have been意义上不同，前者表示“到某地去了，尚没回来，现在不在这里”，后者表示“曾经到过某地，现在已返回”。
比较：She has gone to Beijing.(她现在不在这里，去北京了，可能已经到达，也可能仍在途中)She has been to Beijing.(她以前到过北京，现在已不在北京了)Where has he been?(他已回来)Where has he gone?(他现在不在这里)比较：have been to do sth做过了某事have gone to do sth去做某事了have come to do sth来做某事了⑺for 2004还是since 2004英语中有些动词表示的动作是一时性的、短暂的、不能延续的，所以，不能同for和since 等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也不可用于“How long/How many+时间名词”句中。
因此，这类动词可以单独使用于完成时中，但不可同表示一段时间的状语一起用于完成时中，包括现在完成时和过去完成时。
这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, join, receive, get, die, buy, borrow, choose, close, fall, finish, kill, lend, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, sit down, stand up等。
比较：How long may I keep the book?Her grandmother has been dead for five months.It is five months since her grandfather died.He has arrived.He arrived there three hours ago.It’s three hours since he arrived.It has been three hours since he arrived.He has been away from Shanghai for two weeks.It is two weeks since he left Shanghai.He has left Shanghai.She has joined the army.She has been in the army since 20004.It is three years since she joined the army.【提示】①非延续性动词的完成时有时可以同for引导的短语连用，但表示的是某一动作的目的或结果，而不是表示动作本身延续的时间。
例如：She has come for two weeks.她已经来了，准备住两个星期。
He has gone for three days.他走了，要在三天后回来。
②非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因此可以同for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
例如：I haven’t received her letter for a whole year.He hasn’t bought any book since last month.for/since的特殊注意：在带有for或since短语或since从句的句子中以及How long提问的句子中,谓语动词只用延续性动词（可持续一段时间的动作)，而不能用短暂性动词（在瞬间发生完毕的动作）常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换borrow/lend have(has) keptbuy have(has) had/owneddie have(has) been deadbegin/start have(has) been onfinish have(has) been overopen have(has) been openclose have(has) been closedcatch a cold have(has) had a coldfall ill have(has) been illfall asleep have(has) been illbecome have(has) beenleave have(has) been away fromget married have(has) been marriedjoin have(has) been a member ofhave(has) been inmove/come/go to have(has) been in/at⑻现在完成时和一般过去时的比较①现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用，如ago, then, yesterday等，但一般过去时可以。
例如：He worked here last year.②现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，而一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。
例如：He has been ill for a week.（现在仍然病着）He was ill for a week.（过去病过一个星期，现在好了）He has bought a house（现在完成时，到说话时仍然拥有那所房子）He bought a house five years ago(一般过去时只说明他五年前买过一所房子，现在不一定还拥有那所房子)I haven’t written him for ages.(现在仍没有写)I didn’t write him for ages(仅指过去)③现在完成时可以同现在在内的时间状语连用；而一般过去时则不可。
