定语从句复习
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定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
一、关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种(一)关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that,as等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。
(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。
(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whom I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。
(定语从句修饰先行词the people,介词后)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
初中英语定语从句知识点复习巩固定语从句指的是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,常用来对句中的人或物进行补充说明和限定。
以下是初中英语定语从句的知识点复习和巩固:1. 引导词:关系代词和关系副词是引导定语从句的主要词汇。
关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
2.关系代词的用法:- who和whom用来修饰人,who用于主语或宾语位置,whom只用于宾语位置。
- whose用于修饰人或物,表示所属关系,相当于"的"。
- which用来修饰物,也可用于修饰整个句子。
- that既可修饰人又可修饰物,用法更灵活。
3.关系副词的用法:- where用来修饰地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
- when用来修饰时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
- why用来修饰原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
4.定语从句的位置:定语从句通常位于被修饰的名词之后。
5.定语从句的引导词可以省略:-当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
-当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不能省略。
-当关系副词在定语从句中作状语时,可以省略。
6.定语从句的谓语动词的形式:定语从句中的谓语动词的形式要根据先行词的意义和时间状况来决定。
7.注意在定语从句中注意将关系代词或关系副词放在合适的位置,以避免造成歧义。
例句:- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(关系代词who修饰人)- The book, which is on the table, is mine.(关系代词which 修饰物)- The school where I study is very big.(关系副词where修饰地点)。
高考定语从句复习一、定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词。
3. 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词。
其中,关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人,在从句中做主语、宾语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. 既可以指人,也可以指物。
做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,做定语。
定语从句复习考点与难点归纳:1.关系代词与关系副词;2. 只用that与不用that;考点 3.对the way的考查; 4.介词+关系词; 5.as的使用难点 6.对where的考查7.综合考查用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句一、基础知识回顾:指出下列句中的先行词,关系词1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers.2. Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class.4. The school where we are studying is very famous.5. As we all know, our school is 50 years old.关系词的作用:1:连接先行词与从句;2:替代先行词在从句中的位置;3:充当从句的成分***判断关系词在定语从句中做什么成分?1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.The girl (whom/that/who) I met is Lucy.3. He lives in the room whose door/the door of which is green.4.I like the person to whom you just talked.5. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.7. We shall never forget the days when we lived together.8.This is the house where he lived last year.9. Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man _________lost his way.(3)Children_________ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.(4) Mr. Liu is the person ____________________you talked about on the bus.(5) Mr. Ling is just the boy _____________________ I want to see.(6) Football is a game____________ is liked by most boys.(7) This is the pen ________ he bought yesterday.***Whose 既可以指人,又可指物,在定语从句中做定语,表示“……人的”“……物的”(1) The room _______ window faces south is mine.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。
定语从句复习一、定语从句1.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.A.which B.what C.whose D.whom【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。
这里是定语从句,先行词是为物时用which;what不能引导定语从句;先行词指人时用who;当先行词为物主代词时用whose。
本题先行词为dictionary,字典是物,所以用关系词which。
故选A。
2.Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people.A.who B.which C.what【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意“杜富国是一个许多中国人都知道的英雄”。
本题考查定语从句。
A.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;C.定语从句中关系词没有what。
先行词为a hero,指人,在从句中作主语,故选A。
【点睛】做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。
其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。
二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。
3.-Have you got ready for the soccer game?-Yes,I've done everything ___________ I can to win the game.A.who B.that C.which【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:——你准备好参加足球比赛了吗?——是的,我已经尽我所能来赢得比赛。
本题考查定语从句的连接词,who的先行词是人,that的先行词是人或物,which的先行词是物。
当先行词是不定代词时,只能用that,不能用which,故答案为B。
【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。
指人时可用that或who,指物时可用that或which,但有时只能用that不能用which。
常见的情况有下列五种:当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。
例如:Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗?All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。
当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
例如:My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
当王句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who。
以避免重复。
例如:Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that不用which。
例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
4.—Do you know the boy over there?—The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.A.what B.which C.who D.不填【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:——你认识那边那个男孩吗?——那个拿着球的人?哦,他是我的邻居菲尔。
本题考查定语从句。
A. what什么;B. which哪一个;C. who谁。
what引导的是主语,表语和宾语从句。
what不能引导定语从句。
因为定语从句是形容词性质的。
而what所引导的是名词性从句。
两者结构不同。
所以排除A;分析句子The one is holding a ball? 的结构可知,本题缺少的是主语,且关系词在定语从句中做主语,不能省略。
故选项D不对;我们知道:who 的先行词是人,which的先行词是物。
本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there,指人的先行词,因此应该用who来引导。
故选C。
5.All the classmates enjoyed the cake _________I made at the party. It was really delicious. A.that B.who C.what【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。
真的很好吃。
A. that 关系代词;先行词是人或物;B. who关系代词,先行词是人;C. what什么,通常不能引导定语从句。
I made at the party.是定语从句修饰先行词the cake,在这里是物,用关系词that。
根据题意,故选A。
6.—Is that all?—Yes. That’s all ______ I want to take.A.which B.that C.who D.whose【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:-就这些?-是的。
这就是我所想要的。
which哪一个;that那;who谁;whose谁的。
先行词all在定语从句中作宾语,可用关系代词that代替。
所以选B。
【考点定位】考查关系代词。
7.I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers.A.who B.which C.whom【答案】A【解析】句意:我喜欢受青少年欢迎的作家。
本题考查定语从句。
先行词是the writers,关系代词在定语从句中作主语且指人,故选A项。
8. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teach er.A.he B.thatC.whom D.which【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:-和我们的英语老师说话的那个人是谁?-哦,是Baker先生,我们的数学老师。
根据句意可知,这里考查的是定语从句。
he只是一个代词,不能引导从句;which 引导定语从句时,先行词应是物,但是这里的先行词是the man,指的是人;whom引导定语从句时,先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语,但是现在从句中缺少主语,因此whom也不行。
故选that,that 引导定语从句时,先行词可以是人也可以是物,在从句中可以做主语和宾语。
考点:考查关系代词。
9.—Have you seen my watch anywhere, Lucy?—Is it the one your uncle bought for you in Hong Kong?A.who B.what C.that D.when【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:-露西,你在哪儿看到我的表了吗?-是你叔叔在香港给你买的那一块吗?后句是一个带有定语从句的复合句,先行词the one指事物“表”,关系词用that。
故选C。
考点:考查连词辨析。
10. I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago.A.what B.who C.that D.which【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。
what一般不用于定语从句;who在定语从句中指人; that既可指人,也可指物;which指物。
结合语境可知本句中先行词the college and the teachers中既有人,又有物,故只能用关系代词that,所以选C。
考点:考查关系代词。
11.Ant Forest is a popular mobile app_____ allows people to plant real trees in the desert by collecting “green energy points’’.A.what B.who C.whom D.which【答案】D【解析】【详解】蚂蚁森林是一款允许人们通过收集绿色能量在沙漠里种植真的树木的流行的手机应用软件。
考查定语从句。
本句为定语从句,先行词是a popular mobile app指物,关系词用which,故选D。
12.Children like stories _______have happy endings, and so do many old people.A.who B.which C.what【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:孩子们喜欢有美满结局的故事,许多老人也是。
who引导定语从句,修饰人;which 引导定语从句,修饰事物;what引导名词性从句。
此处修饰先行词stories的定语从句,修饰事物,故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
故选B。
13.—What kind of movies do you prefer?—I prefer the movies _________me something to think about.A.which give B.that gives C.which gives D.who gives【答案】A【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢那些让我思考的电影。
此句的先行词是movies,引导定语从句的关联词用that或which,排除C,D;定语从句的主语that或which 指代movies,动词不能用三单形式,故答案为A。
14.Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people.A.which B.who C.whose D.what【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人,他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。