2017高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题1名词、冠词和代词第2讲冠词突破点2冠词用于固定搭配中对点巩固

高考英语二轮复习抢分秘笈：冠词、名词、代词（含答案）考点 1 冠词冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法③固定搭配④ a 和an的区别（2017新增）预计2019年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

考向1 不定冠词1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别，泛指一类人或事物。

☞—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于a certain。

☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorr y, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示＂每一（单位）的……＂。

☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词，使之意义具体化，表示＂一种＂、＂一件＂、＂一份＂等。

☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。

(honour是抽象名词，an honour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。

☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

专题 01 冠词关键词：定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词,泛指,特指难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：冠词的泛指和特指是冠词学习的难点之一，也是高考考查的焦点所在。

解题时考生要结合语境分析究竟设空处是表示“泛指”还是表示“特指”：1．表泛指(指一类人或事物中的任何一个，而不具体指哪一个)，用不定冠词；2．表特指(特指某人、某事、某物，指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物，或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物)，用定冠词。

3. 抽象名词属于不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。

4. 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择“a/an＋比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”，属于泛指；“the ＋比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。

“the＋最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”；“a most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”。

5. 冠词的固定搭配。

基础必读：(1)定冠词的常考必备：①定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“这 / 那个”之意，但语气较弱，可以和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到，但听话者一定知其所指。

③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only，very，same之前。

④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。

⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。

⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。

(2) 不定冠词的常考必备：①表示数量“一”，与one相近。

②用在首次提到的人或物之前，表泛指。

③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，一场，一种……”，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。

④用于be of a（an）+ n.结构中，表示“相同……的”。

名词与冠词【考纲解读】关于名词,高考主要考查:1.名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。

名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。

另外,高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

这些问题主要出现在完形填空中。

2.名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

这些问题常出现在短文改错或语法填空中。

3.名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象,主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。

冠词的考查几乎每年都会在新课标卷中出现,主要是在语境中考查考生对冠词的理解和运用。

考查要点主要包括:1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。

2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法,如抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。

3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。

4.考查零冠词的运用。

另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。

【考点纵横】【考题导引】2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few _____(day) with his sister.4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，42)Hand le the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______(achieve)．5．(2016·全国Ⅱ，46)Recent______(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.6. (2016·全国Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for____while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.7．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.____8．(2015·江苏，33)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?—Well, you know he's ____ wet blanket.9．(2015·浙江，2)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ____ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ____ way.10．(2015·重庆，3)I just heard ____ bank where Dora works was robbed by ____ gunman wearing a mask.1．attraction [空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。

（通用版）2017高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题1 名词、冠词和代词第2讲冠词突破点2 冠词用于固定搭配中对点巩固编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（通用版）2017高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题1 名词、冠词和代词第2讲冠词突破点2 冠词用于固定搭配中对点巩固）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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突破点2 冠词用于固定搭配中1．（2016·河南郑州高三质量预测）That’s just what happened one day in 1940. Four boys were taking 62.a walk in the woods near Montignac。

【解析】take a walk散步，固定短语。

2．(2016·河北衡水中学高三期末）The two features of life in England that possibly give visitors the worst impressions are the English weather and English cooking。

61.the former is a natural phenomenon and nobody can do anything about it.【解析】the former前者，固定搭配。

3．（2016·浙江卷）Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we'd greet him at the door。

专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

专题二名词和冠词一、名词[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend，...，has had someunintended side effects(effect) such as overweightand heart disease－the very thing the medicalcommunity was trying to fight.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was onlypossible with the introduction(introduce) ofelectric­powered engines and lifts.1.给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；3．名词的固定搭配。

短文改错1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeatingthe word→words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！”【导学号：33220097】2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get someuseful informations→information from theInternet.1.可数名词单复数的错用；2．混淆名词的可数与不可数。

(对应学生用书第174页)名词的数Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. 2．(2017·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.Ⅱ.单句改错Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。

专题一名词、冠词和代词名词：A卷全国卷语法填空/单句改错：1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister. 3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________. 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．5. (2016·全国Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.6．(2016·全国Ⅲ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．7．(2015·全国Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting)．8．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Many rare animals are dying out.________9．(2014·全国Ⅰ，69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.10．(2014·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________B卷地方卷1．(2016·北京，阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.2．(2016·北京，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.3．(2016·四川，阅读C)The ________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks tothe effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.4．(2016·四川，短文改错)Mom has a full－time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.________5．(2016·江苏，阅读C)The weather ________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places. 6．(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make _______(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.7．(2015·江苏，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.— I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize)．8．(2015·浙江，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.9．(2015·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.10．(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some_______(think) and then let me know.冠词： A卷全国卷1．(2016·全国Ⅰ)In 1931，Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________ 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读C)Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)．6．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.________7．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________8．(2014·全国Ⅰ，63)Now, years later, this river is one of________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.9．(2014·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________ 10．(2014·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________B卷地方卷1．(2016·北京，完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.2．(2016·四川，阅读B)They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.3．(2016·江苏，阅读C)El Ninõ，________Spanish term for “the Christ child”，was named by South American fisherman.4．(2016·浙江，2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two－week holiday in Paris.5．(2015·江苏，33)—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?—Well, you know he’s ________ wet blanket.6．(2015·浙江，2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.7．(2015·重庆，3)I just heard _______bank where Dora works was robbed by _______gunman wearing a mask.8．(2015·陕西，14)________ more learned a man is,________more modest he usually becomes. 9．(2015·四川，5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 10．(2014·陕西，19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.代词：A卷全国卷1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.________4．(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news.________are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. 6．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment.________ 7．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.________ 8．(2014·全国大纲，25)—Who’s that at the door?—________is the milkman.9．(2014·全国大纲，短文改错)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.________B卷地方卷1.(2016·北京，阅读A)For the first time, I feel good about ________ (me) because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. 2．(2016·四川，七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. However, women, on average, live longer.In general, ________can expect to live six or seven years more than men.3．(2016·四川，短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________4．(2016·浙江)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from________in the UK.5．(2015·浙江，12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 6．(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________．7．(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.8．(2014·江西，32)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?—________．I’ll be in all day.9．(2014·四川，1)She’d lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.10．(2014·山东)Susan made_______clear to me that she wished to make a new life .专题一参考答案：名词A卷：1.attraction2.days3.honest→honesty4.achievement5.studies6.apples,7.paintings8. airs→air9.changes 10.year→years,名词B卷：1.measures2.growth3. lives4.houseworks→housework5.effects6.adjustments7.apology/apologies8. stress9. balance 10. thought冠词A卷：1. the2. a3.about 后加the4. an5. an6.country 前加the7.第二个a→the 8. the 9.as后加a 10.去掉第一个the冠词B卷：1. a2. a3. a4.The, a5.a6.a,the7. the, a8.The, the9.a 10. The, a代词A卷：1.i ts2.your→our3.many→much4.yourself →myself5.Those/These/They6.your→our7.saw后加his8. It9.him→them代词B卷:1.myself2.they3. her→his4.that5.it6. other7.neither8.Either9.neither 10. it。