Hyperdialogue Homme-Machine sur le World Wide Web Le système HALPIN, ERGO’IA 98

1. **《The Design of Everyday Things》** by Donald A. Norman - 作者深入探讨了产品设计和用户体验，强调设计对用户体验的影响。

2. **《Don't Make Me Think, Revisited: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability》** by Steve Krug- 这本书专注于Web设计和用户体验，强调简单明了的设计原则。

3. **《Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction》** by Jenny Preece, Helen Sharp, and Yvonne Rogers- 这是一本综合性的HCI教科书，涵盖了交互设计的各个方面，从理论到实践。

4. **《About Face: The Essentials of Interaction Design》** by Alan Cooper, Robert Reimann, and David Cronin- 这本书提供了关于交互设计的深入见解，特别是关于用户界面设计的实践。

5. **《Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design》** by Bill Buxton- 作者介绍了通过素描等手段进行设计的方法，强调设计过程中的重要性。

6. **《The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond》** by Jesse James Garrett - 本书提供了关于用户体验设计的框架，涵盖了从战略规划到具体设计的各个阶段。

7. **《Designing Interfaces: Patterns for Effective Interaction Design》** by Jenifer Tidwell- 这是一本关于界面设计模式的书，为设计师提供了在不同情境中创建有效设计的实用指南。

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Press ReleaseFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEBOSS Announces ME-90 Guitar Multiple EffectsHands-On Guitar Processor with a Compact Design and Premium BOSS Amps and Effects Derived from the Flagship GT-1000Los Angeles, CA, July 6, 2023 announces the ME-90 Guitar Multiple Effects, afavorite of performing guitarists for over three decades, combining multi-effects power with hands-on control for crafting tones in seconds. The ME-90 is the most advanced ME model to date, offering exceptional audio quality with 24-bit AD/DA and 32-bit floating point processing, flagship-grade AIRD amp models, IR loading, an effects loop, and more. Compact, battery-powered, and filled with premium BOSS tones, this all-in-one processor makes it simple to build customized sound setups for every playing situation.With its intuitive interface and diverse effects selection, the ME-90 allows guitarists to create configurations and tweak tones with the ease of a stompbox-filled pedalboard. The panel includes 30 different knobs for selecting categories and dialing in sounds instantly. There are 36 preset patches with ready-to-play pro tones, plus 36 user patches for storing personalized setups.The ME-90 features a massive library of BOSS effects, offering seven different categories filled with selections derived from the flagship GT-1000. There are 60 effect types in total, with access to over 20 more via BOSS Tone Studio. A send/return loop is available for external pedals, complete with the ability to save the on/off status in patches and place the loop before or after amp models in the signal chain.Along with its effects, the ME-90 includes amp models ported from the GT-1000, driven by advanced AIRD technology for authentic tube tone and touch response. Eleven onboard amp types offer everything from clean combo tones to punishing high-gain stacks, and more selections are available in BOSS Tone Studio. Each amp includes a dedicated cab sound for connecting to a PA or recording device, and it’s also possible to load three user speaker IRs with a dedicated software app.The ME-90 features eight footswitches with smooth, quiet operation and an expression pedal with an integrated toe switch. Memory mode allows the player to call up complete patch setups with the footswitches, while Manual mode provides direct on/off control of each effect category within the patch. The footswitch LEDs light in different colors for quick identification in the heat of a performance. There’s also an option to set all LEDs to light in fixed colors for each mode if desired.BOSS Tone Studio for macOS and Windows allows users to organize patches, edit tones, and change out some amp and effect types with alternate selections. It’s also possible to download pro setups at BOSS Tone Central and swap patches with the ME-90 community on BOSS Tone Exchange. The ME-90 supports the optional Bluetooth® Audio MIDI Dual Adaptor, enablingusers to stream music from a mobile device and wirelessly shape tones using the dedicated BTS editor app for iOS and Android.The ME-90 is lighter than its previous generation model while maintaining the rock-solid durability that BOSS is famous for. The expression pedal has been newly redesigned as well for even finer parameter control. The processor can be powered with four AA batteries or an optional AC adaptor, and a rear-panel switch optimizes the outputs for use with a guitar amp or a full-range sound system such as a PA. And along with BOSS Tone Studio communication, the USB-C output provides audio interface functionality for working with music production software on a computer.Availability & PricingThe BOSS ME-90 is available in the U.S. now for $349.99. To learn more about the ME-90 Guitar Multiple Effects, visit /us/.*Price at the time of publishing.---------About BOSSBOSS, a division of Roland Corporation, has achieved legendary status among guitarists, bassists, and vocalists with a diverse, world-leading product lineup of creative tools with exceptional sound, intuitive control, and rugged durability. Since 1977, BOSS's famous compact pedals have been used daily by everyone from beginners to touring professionals, with over 125 unique models introduced and over 16 million units sold to date. BOSS also leads the way with innovative gear in numerous other categories, from amplifiers, multi-effects processors, and loopers to wireless systems, vocal effects, tuners, metronomes, rhythm machines, recorders, and more. For more information, visit . Follow BOSS on Facebook, Twitter (@BOSSInfoGlobal), and Instagram (@BOSSInfoGlobal).Press Contact:Sarah BellingerMax Borges Agency240-483-6671**********************************Company Contact:Rebecca GenelGlobal PR/Media Relations ManagerRoland Corporation+1 (323) 890-3718************************。

北京地区2023年11月学士学位英语试题及答案PartⅠReading Comprehension （30%）Directions.Ther.ar.thre.passage.i.thi.part.Eac.passag.i.followe.b.som.question.o.unfinishe.statemen ts.Fo.eac.o.the.ther.ar.fou.choice.marke.A.B..an.D.Yo.shoul.decid.o.th.bes.choic.an.blacke.th.corre spondin.lette.o.th.Answe.Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:.. Th.reflectiv.tower.o.Ne.Yor.City.whic.i.o.th.Atlanti.migrating（迁徙的）rout..ca.b.deadl.fo.birds.“W.liv.i.a.ag.o.glass,urel.a.architect.（76）“rge.th.glass.th.mor.dangerou.i.is..Abou.90,00.bird.ar.kille.b.flyin.int.buildin.i.th.cit.eac.year.Often.the.strik.th.lowe.level.o.glas.tower.afte.search in.fo.foo.i.nearb.parks.Suc.crashe.ar.th.second-leadin.caus.o.deat.fo.migratin.birds.afte.habita t（栖息地）loss.wit.a.estimate.numbe.o.deat.rangin.u.t..billio..year.（77）s.decade.so.too.hav.call.t.mak.the.les.deadl.t.birds.Sa.Francisc.adopte.bird-safet.standar.fo.ne.buildin.i.July.Th.Unite.State.Gree.Buildin.Council..nonprofi.industr.grou.tha.encourage.th.creatio.o.environmentall.consciou.buildings.wil.introduc..bird-safet.credi.thi.a.par.o.it.environmenta.certificatio.process..ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals.bu.the.ar.stil.i.thei.infancy.Covers.do.patterns.shade.an.ne.ar.th.mai.option.available.Often.onl.on.sectio.o..buildin.need.t.b.changed.“Yo.don'.necessaril.hav.t.trea.ever.window,ure.said.“I.woul.b.to.expensiv.t.d.th.whol.building..Th.Jaco.Conventio.Center.whic.ha.bee.undergoin.alter e.les.reflectiv .glas.an.do.patterns.1.Wha.i.th.mai.ide.o.th.passage?A.Ne.Yor.i..cit.o.glas.towers.B.Glas.towe.ar.dangerou.fo.migratin.birds.C.Ne.Yor.adopte.ne.safet.standard.fo.buildings.D.Glas.tower.ar..ne.tren.i.th.Unite.States.2.Wha.i.th.numbe.on.caus.o.deat.fo.migratin.birds?A.Climat.chang.......B.Habita.lossc.o.foo........D.Crashin.int.buildings.3.Wha.doe.th.wor.“fixes.i.th.thir.paragrap.probabl.mean?A.Choice..........B.ExplanationsC.Solution..........D.Developments4._____e.i.th.alteratio.o.th.Jaco.K.Javit.Conventio.Center.A.Do.pattern.........B.Shades............D.Covers5.Whic.o.th.fowlin.statement.i.TRU.accordin.t.th.passage?A.I.man.cases.th.whol.buildin.need.t.b.altere.t.preven.bir.crashes.B.Th.Jaco.K.Javit.Conventio.Cente.i.th.firs.buildin.t.dea.wit.th.proble.o.bir.crashes.C.Abou.90,00.bird.ar.kille.du.t.habita.los.i.Ne.Yor.Cit.eac.year..ultraviole.signal.ar.stil.i.thei.earl.stages.Passage 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the fowling passage:.. Today'.student.hav.grow.u.hearin.mor.abou.Bil.Gate.tha.F.D.R..an.the.liv.i..worl.wher.amazin. innovations（革新）mon.Th.curren.18-year-olds.afte.all.wer..whe.Googl.wa.founde.b.tw.student.a.Stanford .Mar.Zuckerber.founde.Faceboo.i.202.whil.h.wa.Harvar.an.the.wer.enterin.hig.school.Havin.g row.u.digital（数字的）, the.ar.impatien.t.ge.o.wit.life.The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship（公司家才干）education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them... s.yea.b.th.Kauffma.Foundation.whic.finance.program.t.promot.innovatio.o.c ampuses.note.tha.mor.tha.50,00.entrepreneurshi.program.ar.offere.o.two-an.four-yea.campuse s—u.fro.jus.25.course.i.1985.Les.Mitchel...Kauffma.vic.president.say.tha.th.foundatio.i.extendin. e.t.b.foun.onl.i.busines.schools.Now.th.concep.o.entrep reneurshi.i.bloomin.i.engineerin.program.an.medica.school.an.eve.i.th.libera.arts.“Ou.interes.i.th.programs,.sh.says.“W.nee.t.sprea.ou.fro.th.busines.school.”.. in.u.wit.ideas.writin.busines.p lan.an.seein.the.throug.t.prototyp.and.often.market.I.thei.spar.time.student.i.agricultura.econo boratory.creat.w earabl.technologies... （78）Th.entrepreneurshi.movemen.ha.it.critics.especiall.amon.thos.wh.se.colleg.a..tim.fo.extensiv. academi.exploration.“.jus.don'.thin.tha.entrepreneurshi. rank.s.hig.i.term.o.nationa.need,.say.Danie.S.Greenberg.autho.o.Scienc.fo.sale.Th.perils.Rew ard.an.Delusion.o.Campu.Capitalism.Leonard A.Schlesinger, Babson College's president, says that the question of whether innovation can really be taught is “an age-old argument”.6.Whe.Googl.an.Faceboo.wer.established.th.founder.wer.still_____.A.i.hig.schoo..........B.i.th.armyC.i.primar.schoo.........D.a.collegecation?A.T.prepar.student.fo.futur.academi.lifeB.T.prepar.student.t.fin.opportunitie.an.seiz.them.C.T.prepar.student.fo.oversea.career.D.T.prepar.studen.t.develo.interpersona.skills.8.Th.wor.“prototype.i.th.fourt.paragrap.i.mos.likel.t.mean_____.A.mode..............B.strategyC.metho.............D.stagecation?A.Entrepreneurship.o.a.leas.certai.element.o.it.ca.b.taught..B.A.entrepreneurshi.progra.ca.hel.student.fin.wha.the.reall.lik.an.entrepreneurshi.isn'.al.abou.busi ness.C.Entrepreneurshi.shoul.b.sprea.acros.differen.fields.D.College.shouldn'.pu.to.muc.emphasi.o.entrepreneurshi.programs.10.Wha.i.th.mai.ide.o.th.passage?A.Entrepreneurshi.course.i.busines.schools.B.Qualitie.o.a.entrepreneur.catio.i.colleges.rmatio.age.Passage 3Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:..mo.a.emotio.a.lov.o.fear.an.i.ca.b.nearl.a.powerful.So.i..ne.paper.tw.researcher.se.abou.tryin.t.fin.ou.wha.th.typica.America.regret.most.I.telephon.surveys.Nea.Rose..psychologis.an.professo.o.marketin.a.th.Schoo.o.Managemen.a.Northwester.University.an.Mik.Morri son..doctora.candidat.i.psycholog.a.Universit.o.Illinois.aske.37.Americans.age.1.t.103,t.tal.abou.thei.mos.notabl.regre..Participant.wer.aske.wha.th.regre.was.whe.i.happened.whethe.i.wa..resul.o.somethin.the.di.o.didn'.do.an.whethe.i.wa.somethin.tha.coul.stil.b.fixed... monl.mentione.regre.involve.romanc.（浪漫的事）（18%）——los.love.o.unfulfille.relationships.Famil.regret.cam.i.secon.（16%）, whi.peopl.stil.feelin.badl.abou.bein.unkin.t.thei.brother.o.sister.i.childhood.Othe.frequentl.rep orte.regret.involve.caree.(13%),educatio.(12%), money（10%）an.parenting（9^%）...Ros.an.Morrison'.study.whic.i.t.b.publishe.i.Socia.Psychologica.an.Personalit.Science.i.signif ican.i.tha.i.surveye..wid.rang.o.th.America.public.includin.peopl.o.al.age.an.socio-economi.a rgel.o.colleg.students.wh.predi cation-focuse.regrets.lik.wishin.the.ha.studie.harde.o..differen.major.Th.ne.rge.population..person'.“lif.circumstances—accomplishments.shortcomings.situatio.i.life—injec.considerabl.fue.int.th.fire.o.regret,.th.author.write.（79）catio.regret.Peopl.wit.highe.level.o .educatio.ha.th.mos.caree.regrets.An.thos.wit.n.romanti.partne.tende.t.hol.regret.regardin.love .Broke.down（分解、细分）b.sex.mor.women（44%.tha.me.（19%.ha.regret.abou.lov.an.family —no.surprising.sinc.wome.“valu.socia.relationship.mor.tha.men,.th.author.write.I.contras.,me.（34%.wer.mor.likel.tha.wome.（27%.t.mentio.work-relate.regrets.wishin.they'.chose..differen.caree.path.fo.instanc.,o.follo we.thei.passion.（80）Man.participant.als.reporte.wishin.the.ha.worke.les.t.spen.mor.tim.wit.thei.children...Ther.wa.a.eve.spli.betwee.regret.abou.inactio.（no.doin.something.an.actio.（d.somethin.yo.wis.yo.didn't）.But.lik.previou.studies.th.curren.researc.foun.tha.som.regret.ar.m or.likel.tha.other.t.persis.ove.time.peopl.ten.t.han.o.longe.t.th.regre.o.inaction.meanwhile.regret.o.a ctio.ten.t.b.mor.recent.11.I.th.secon.paragraph.th.autho.show.______.A.th.researchers.finding...B.th.importanc.o.familyC.th.importanc.o.mone...D.th.importanc.o.career12.Accordin.t.th.passage.colleg.studen.participant.mainl.ha.regret.abou.thei.______.A.famil.an.childhoo...B.stud.an.majorC.caree.an.jo......D.romanc.an.fear13.The word “notable”in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.mo........B.capabl...C.wonderfu........D.remarkable14.Whic.o.th.followin.statement.i.TRUE?catio.h.o.sh.has.th.mor.regret.sh.o.h.woul.have.catio.h.o.sh.has.th.les.regret.sh.o.h.woul.have.C.Mor.wome.tha.me.ha.regret.abou.lov.an.family.s.longe.tha.tha.o.inaction.15.Wha.i.th.mai.ide.o.thi.passage?A.Ho.regre.i.understoo.b..typica.American.B .Common regrets is more important than love and hate.C.Wh.regre.i.mor.importan.tha.lov.an.hate.D.Ho.regre.ha.shape.Americans.PartⅡVocabulary and Structure （30%）Directions.I.thi.par.ther.ar.3.incomplet.sentences.Fo.eac.sentenc.ther.ar.fou.choice.marke.A.B..an.plete.th.sentences.The.blacke.th.correspondin.lette.o.th.Answe. 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中国现代医生2020年11月第58卷第33期•临床研究-长筒弹力袜与屮筒弹力袜在小腿段浅静脉曲张患者屮的疗效比较及其对血流动力学的影响研究甄杰生广东省台山市人民医院肝胆乳腺甲状腺血管外科，广东台山529200［摘要］目的探讨长筒弹力袜与中筒弹力袜在小腿段浅静脉曲张患者中的疗效比较及其对血流动力学的影响研究。

方法选取2015年1月-2019年11月我院收治的小腿段浅静脉曲张患者157例，所有患者均接受大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术治疗，依据术后使用的医用弹力袜长度不同进行分组，对照组78例,研究组79例，对所有患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。

对照组应用中筒弹力袜，研究组应用长筒弹力袜。

比较两组临床治疗总有效率及相关血流动力学指标。

结果研究组辅助治疗总有效率为98.7%.,显著高于对照组的89.7%(P<0.05)。

研究组隐股交界远端股静脉的反流时间为(2.6±0.9)s，显著短于对照组的(4.1±0.5)s(P<0.05),研究组股静脉内径为(10.5±0.4)m m,显著低于对照组的(14.4±0.7)mm(P<0.05)。

结论小腿段浅静脉曲张患者在大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术后使用医用弹力袜，可起到十分显著有效的辅助效果，且长筒弹力袜的辅助效果更加理想,可更为显著地改善患者患肢的血流动力学指标水平。

［关键词］静脉曲张；大隐静脉；弹力袜;血流动力学［中图分类号］R82［文献标识码］B［文章编号］1673-9701渊2020冤33-0123-03Comparative observation on the curative effect of long-barreled compres­sion stockings and middle-barreled compression stockings in patients with superficial varicose veins of the calf and the effect on hemodynamicsZHEN JieshengDeparLmenL of HepaLobiliary,BreasL and Thyroid and Vascular Surgery,People's HospiLal of Taishan CiLy in Guangdong Province,Taishan529200,China［Abstract］Objective To invesLigaLe Lhe comparaLive observaLion on Lhe curaLive effecL of long-barreled compression sLockings and middle-barreled compression sLockings in paLienLs wiLh superficial varicose veins of Lhe calf and Lhe sLudy of Lheir effecLs on hemodynamics.Methods A LoLal of157paLienLs wiLh superficial varicose veins of Lhe calf who were admiLLed Lo our hospiLal from January2015Lo November2019were selecLed.All paLienLs received high saphenous vein ligaLion and sLripping,and were grouped according Lo Lhe lengLh of Lhe medical compression sLockings afLer Lhe op­eraLion,including78cases in Lhe conLrol group,and79cases in Lhe sLudy group.The clinical daLa of all paLienLs were reLrospecLively analyzed.The conLrol group used middle-barreled compression sLockings,and Lhe sLudy group used long-barreled compression sLockings.The clinical LreaLmenL LoLal efficiency and Lhe relevanL hemodynamic indexes be-Lween Lhe Lwo groups were observed and compared.Results The LoLal effective raLe of adjuvanL Lherapy in Lhe sLudy group was98.7%,which was significanLly higher Lhan89.7%in Lhe conLrol group(P<0.05).The reflux Lime of Lhe disLal femoral vein of Lhe saphenous femoral juncLion in Lhe sLudy group was(2.6±0.9)s,which was significantly shorLer Lhan(4.1±0.5)s of Lhe conLrol group(P<0.05).The inLernal diameLer of Lhe femoral vein in Lhe sLudy group was(10.5±0.4)mm,which was significanLly lower Lhan(14.4±0.7)mm of Lhe conLrol group(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of medical compres­sion sLockings afLer Lhe high ligaLion and sLripping of Lhe greaL saphenous vein in paLienLs wiLh superficial varicose veins of Lhe calf can play a very significanL and effecLive auxiliary effecL,and Lhe long-barreled elasLic sLockings has more ideal auxiliary effecL,which can more significantly improve Lhe hemodynamic index level of Lhe paLienL's affecLed limb.［Key words］Varicose veins;GreaL saphenous vein;Compression sLockings;Hemodynamics•临床研究・中国现代医生2020年11月第58卷第33期下肢浅静脉曲张中最常见的一种就是大隐静脉曲张,主要是指下肢浅静脉发生瓣膜关闭不全,导致静脉中的血液发生反流，瘀滞远端静脉血管［1］。

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Compresores de tornillo de GEACompresores de tornillo para refrigeraciónindustrial y aire acondicionado2Máxima calidad basada en un desarrollo demostradoYa sea la industria alimentaria, la industria química, el transportenaval o en climatización de oficinas, todos ellos necesitanrefrigeración. GEA dispone de las soluciones de refrigeración y aireacondicionado adecuadas para sus necesidades. Otorgamos especial valor a la eficiencia energética, la fiabilidad, la optimización decostes y la sostenibilidad.Como líder tecnológico internacional, GEA se especializa en latecnología de soluciones y en componentes para sofisticadosprocesos de producción. GEA también está muy especializada enla tecnología de compresores. La excelente calidad de nuestroscompresores de tornillo es fruto de años de experiencia endicha tecnología. Nos esforzamos en ofrecer valor añadidoy funcionalidad desde el desarrollo en nuestros laboratoriosde investigación hasta el control de calidad, pasando por losprocesos de producción.Con una red global de ventas y servicio, podemos atenderle casien cualquier sitio lugar del mundo donde nos necesite. Nuestrasherramientas de software también le ayudan a seleccionar launidad compresora óptima, así como a encontrar los repuestosadecuados..Energéticamente eficiente• Capacidad y control de Vi (relación de volumen interno) lineal • Perfil de rotor 5/6 diseñado por GEAFiable y seguro• Sistema patentado de protección ante vibraciones, que evita pulsaciones en carga parcial a relaciones de presión alta.• Rodamientos de alto rendimiento y compensación de fuerza axial hidráulica para una larga vida útil de producto.• Indicador de posición de corredera estandarizado y sellado herméticamenteFácil mantenimiento• Cambio fácil de los cojinetes de empuje y el cierre mecánico, sin necesidad de desmontar el compresor o el motor • Diseño a prueba de explosiones bajo petición• Certificaciones según la API 619 o la ISO 10440, otras certificaciones bajo petición• Presiones de servicio: 28 bares y 52 bares, otros diseños bajo petición.• Diseño particular para compresores de alta presión: Material de carcasas (por ejemplo, hierro fundido nodular), geometría de rotor personalizada, cojinetes de empuje reforzados (diseño TRIAX), cierre mecánico de alto rendimiento, extremo del eje de transmisión reforzado, etc.ASPECTOS DESTACADOSVISTA GENERAL DEL PRODUCTOSerie Volumen desplazado (m3/h)01002003004005006007008009001000200040006000800010,00012,00014,000GEA Grasso M a 2940 rpm 231–870 m3/ha 4500 rpm 354–1332 m3/hGEA Grasso LT a 2940 rpm805–11467 m3/ha 3550 rpm972–13846 m3/hOPCIONES3GEA Grasso M – Aumentando la eficienciaLos compresores GEA Grasso M son los primeros compresores de tornillo con una válvula de retención integrada activada por presión que asegura baja caída de presión. La integración del filtro de aspiración y la campana de acoplamiento simplifica aún más el montaje de la unidad. La excelente eficiencia energética de estos compresores se basa en la capacidad ajustable linealmente combinada con una relación Vi variable ampliada. La velocidad variable desde 1000 hasta 4500 rpm (6000 rpm para los C, D, E y G) asegura un amplio rango de funcionamiento y una eficiencia máxima a carga total y parcial.GEA Grasso M viene en ocho tamaños de modelo y cubre un rango de volumen desplazado de 231 a 870 m 3/h a 2940 rpm (de 354 a 1332 m 3/h a 4500 rpm).En resumen• Excelente eficiencia energética • Fácil montaje de la unidadGEA Grasso M (C, D, E, G)GEA Grasso M (H, L, M, N)4CARACTERÍSTICAS Y VENTAJAS ÚNICAS1. Rotores de alta eficiencia • Perfil de rotor 5/6 diseñado por GEA • Diseño compacto y rígido2. Capacidad/control de Vi • Sistema compacto e integrado • Control de capacidad lineal (10-100 %)• El mejor coeficiente de rendimiento a carga total y parcial3. Indicador de posición de la corredera • Herméticamente sellado • Adecuado para zonas peligrosas4. Cierre mecánico• Diseño y materiales de alto rendimiento • De fácil acceso para el mantenimiento• Montado en el lado de aspiración para una mayor vida útil de servicio5. Rodamientos axiales• Acceso rápido y fácil desde el extremo de no accionamiento • Reemplazables in situ• Descargado mediante pistón de balance para una larga vida útil 6. Conexión de aceite centralizado• Conexión opcional el lado macho o hembra del rotor • La mayoría de casos no necesitan bomba de aceite • Inyección de aceite ajustable7. Filtro de aspiración integrado • Diseño compacto para un montaje fácil8. Válvula de retención en aspiración activada por presión• Mínima caída de presión• Sin ruidos de vibración de válvula o muelles• Diseño simétrico permite la instalación del recíproco en aspiración (solo para C, D, E, G)Protección por pulsación de gas• Vibraciones y pulsaciones de gas reducidas a bajas cargas parcialesCampana de acoplamiento embridada • Menores costes de montaje • No es necesario alinear la unidad• Acoplamiento que facilita el mantenimientoFiltro de aceite integrado• D isponible como opción (solo para C, D, E, G)GEA Grasso M (C, D, E, G)GEA Grasso M (H, L, M, N)12345678123456875GEA Grasso LT – Compacta y potenteLa serie GEA Grasso LT viene en 16 modelos y con un desplazamiento volumétrico que va desde los 805 hasta los 11467 m3/h a 2940 rpm. Gracias ala combinación de cojinetes lisos y rodamientos antifricción de los rotores, el compresor disfruta de un ciclo de vida extremadamente largo y de bajos niveles de vibración y ruido. Es posible conectar los sensores de presión, temperatura y vibración. Su diseño simple ofrece una integración inteligente de la gestión de aceite mediante electroválvulas directamente conectadas para la Vi (relación de volumen interno) y para los ajustes de capacidad. El acceso directo de las electroválvulas y otros componentes facilita el montaje y las tareas de mantenimiento de la unidad.En resumen• Vida útil del producto extremadamente larga • Excelente nivel de ruido y vibración en todas las condiciones de funcionamiento6CARACTERÍSTICAS Y VENTAJAS ÚNICAS1. Control de la vibración• Conexiones para sistemas de control de la vibración2. Cojinetes radiales• Cojinetes de deslizamiento para altas cargas• Funcionamiento sin contacto ni desgaste3. Rodamientos axiales• Acceso rápido y fácil desde el extremo de no accionamiento • Sustituibles in situ• Descargado mediante pistón de balance para una larga vida útil4. Protección por pulsación de gas• Vibraciones y pulsaciones de gas reducidas a bajas cargas parciales5. Corredera de capacidad/Vi• Sistema compacto e integrado• Control de capacidad lineal (10-100 %)• El mejor rendimiento a carga total y parcial 6. Cierre mecánico• Diseño y materiales de alto rendimiento• De fácil acceso para el mantenimiento• Montado en lado de aspiración para una mayor vida útil7. Rotores de alta eficiencia• Perfil de rotor 5/6 diseñado por GEA• Diseño compacto y rígidoPuerto economizador• Conexiones ECO para un aumento de capacidadmáximo y mayor eficienciaIndicador de posición de la corredera• Herméticamente sellado• Adecuado para zonas peligrosasServicio y mantenimiento sencillos• Diseño compacto y que facilita el mantenimiento• Fácil acceso a las piezas móviles12345677Datos técnicosSerieTipo de compresorVolumen desplazado(m 3/h)Presión máx. de diseño (bar)Dimensiones 1)(mm)DN1 2) (mm)DN2 3) (mm)Peso 1) (kg)2940 rpm3550 rpm 4500 rpm L A H GEA Grasso MC 231279354288526606608065/80392D 265320406288826606608065/80401E321388491288986606678080444G 372449569289276606678080451H 47156972128 / 5296480082012580581L 54465783328 / 52100080082012580605M 708855108428 / 521094800856150100772N8701051133228 / 5211458008201501008001)con campana de acoplamiento 2)conexión de aspiración 3)conexión de descargaGEA GRASSO M8M1746737432202N21582891424741) a 2940 rpm con recalentamiento de 5 K y subenfriamiento de 0 K, valores de temperatura indicados: evaporación/condensación2) con economizadorSerieTipo de compresorCompresor 28 bares 1)(kW)Compresor 52 bares 1)(kW)Capacidad frigorífica 2)R717 | -35/+35 °CCapacidad frigoríficaR717 | 0/+35 °CCapacidad frigorífica R744 | -50/-5 °CCapacidad de calefacción R717 | +35/+80 °CGEA Grasso LTP 2017728512679R 26099710993433S 328126114184318T 368141315994814V 443169018685780W 506193221356631Y614234425917990Z 714271*********XA 8443209359510853XB 107040704499–XC 126048075366–XD 149156896351–XE 18427030––XF 22008393––XG 25209615––XH294611244––1) a 2940 rpm con recalentamiento de 5 K y subenfriamiento de 0 K, valores de temperatura indicados: evaporación/condensación 2)con economizadorGEA GRASSO LT11R T -002-0301-E S -E U © G E A G E A R e f r i g e r a t i o n G e r m a n y G m b H . 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Aanstoos, C. Serlin, I., & Greening, T. (2000). History of Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) of the American Psychological Association. InD. Dewsbury (Ed.), Unification through Division: Histories of thedivisions of the American Psychological Association, Vol. V. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.A History of Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) of the AmericanPsychological AssociationChristopher M. Aanstoos, Ilene Serlin, Thomas Greening*Authors' note: The authors thank Carmi Harari, Myron Arons, Gloria Gottsegen, Mark Stern, Amedeo Giorgi, Stanley Krippner and Alvin Mahrer, all early leaders in Division 32s history. Their generous willingness to give their time to be interviewed greatly assisted in the research that led to the chapter. Harari's own written correspondence and other archival materials, which he kindly shared, were also indispensable. Further thanks are owed to Eleanor Criswell, David Elkins, Kirk Schneider, and Myron Arons, without whose supportive efforts the chapter could not have been completed. We also thank Donald Dewsbury, without whose patience and perseverance this chapter would not have reached a final publishable form.A History of Division 32 (Humanistic Psychology) of the AmericanPsychological AssociationChristopher M. Aanstoos, Ilene Serlin, Tom GreeningAs with most complex human endeavors, the history of APA Division 32, Humanistic Psychology, has many facets and lends itself to many narratives and interpretations. Presented here is one version, resulting from the input of three authors and many other people. Readers may wish to read between the lines or project onto the text their own versions. In humanistic psychology, in writing the Division's history, and indeed in psychology itself, there are always texts and subtexts, and multiple "stories" and interpretations. Right and left brains play their parts in the making of history, and in the recording and interpretation of it. This chapter is one history of the Division. Other fascinating chapters could be written about the people involved, the intellectual and interpersonal currents, and the creative, socially responsible, and sometimes spontaneous and chaotic events that underlay this history.Prior History: An Emergent Cultural ZeitgeistHumanistic psychology is sometimes known as the Third Force in contrast to two major orientations in American psychology, behaviorism and psychoanalysis, which, along with the biomedical model, are considered by humanistic psychologists to be reductionistic, mechanistic, and dehumanizing in regard to human beings as whole persons. As one critic of behaviorism put it, "American psychology first lost its soul, then its mind, and finally its consciousness, but it still behaved" (Waters, 1958, p. 278). Inregard to psychoanalysis, Freud's own words present the challenge to which humanistic psychology responded:The moment a man questions the meaning and value oflife he is sick, since objectively neither has any existence;by asking this question one is merely admitting to a storeof unsatisfied libido to which something else must havehappened, a kind of fermentation leading to sadness anddepression. (Freud, 1960, p. 436)Many psychologists were crucial in preparing the ground for what emerged as humanistic psychology's alternative, but three stand out: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May. Maslow founded the psychology department at Brandeis University in 1951 with a strong humanistic orientation even before the movement was thus named. Originally working within experimental psychology, Maslow (1954), developed a research program and subsequent humanistic theory of motivation. He argued that people are motivated not only reactively by the "deficiency needs" with which psychology had hitherto been concerned, but also proactively by "being needs," ultimately including such motives as self-actualization.Rogers (1951) sought ways to facilitate clients' yearning for self-actualization and fully-functioning living, especially via person-centered therapy and group work. He was one of the first researchers to study psychotherapy process using tape-recordings and transcripts, and he and his students also made extensive use of Q-sorts to study self-concept and change. He explored the necessary conditions for therapeutic progress and emphasized congruence, presence, and acceptance on the part of the therapist.May, Angel, and Ellenberger (1958) built a bridge from interpersonal psychoanalysis and European existentialism and phenomenology, having been influenced by Harry Stack Sullivan, Ludwig Binswanger, and Medard Boss. May's books integrated creativity, the arts, mythology and the humanities with psychology, and encompassed the tragic view of life and the daimonic forces. Charlotte Bühler, Erich Fromm, and Viktor Frankl also contributed European perspectives to this stream, including a concern for values in psychotherapy, human development over the whole course of human life, humanistic psychoanalysis, social issues, love, transcendence of evil, and the search for meaning.In the 1960s many isolated voices began to gather momentum and form a critique of American culture and consciousness, and to form the basis of a new approach to psychology. Massive cultural changes were sweeping through America. That larger movement was an expression of a society eager to move beyond the alienating, bland conformity, embedded presuppositions, and prejudices that had characterized the 1950s return to "normalcy" after World War II. In psychology, adjustment models were challenged by visions of growth, and the human potential movement emerged. T-groups, sensitivity training, human relations training, and encounter groups became popular. The goal was greater awareness of one's own actual experience in the moment and authentic engagement with others, goals not well-served by academic psychology, clinical psychology, or the culture in general. Growth centers sprang up across the country, offering a profusion of workshops and techniques, such as transactional analysis, sensory awareness, Gestalt encounter, body work, meditation, yoga, massage therapy, and psychosynthesis. The best known of these was Esalen Institute, founded in Big Sur, California in 1964, which continues tothis day. Begun as a site for seminars, it featured not only psychologists such as Rollo May, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers, but also scholars from other disciplines such as Arnold Toynbee, Paul Tillich, Gregory Bateson and Alan Watts.These developments in the culture and in "pop psychology" paralleled changes in clinical and academic domains. Existential and phenomenological trends in continental psychiatry affected the Anglo-American sphere through the work of R. D. Laing and his British colleagues. His trenchant critique of the prevailing medical model's reductionistic and pathological view of schizophrenic patients began a revisioning of even psychotic processes as meaningful growth-seeking experiencing. Various American psychiatrists also contributed to the elaboration of this alternative, most notably John Perry and Thomas Szasz. At the same time, Gestalt therapy was developed and popularized especially by Fritz Perls.Meanwhile, from the academic side a rising tide of theory and research focused attention on this nonreductive, holistic view of the person. As the 1960s unfolded, new books by Rogers (1961, 1969), Maslow (1962, 1964, 1965, 1966), and May (1967, 1969) were enormously influential in this more receptive era. May pointed out that if we are to study and understand human beings, we need a human model. He advocated a science of persons, by which he meant a theory which would enable us to understand and clarify the specific, distinguishing characteristics of human beings. Many new voices also now began to be raised. Amedeo Giorgi (later Division 32 president in 1987-1988) criticized experimental psychology's reductionism, and argued for a phenomenologically based methodology that could support a more authentically human science of psychology (Giorgi, 1965, 1966, 1970). Giorgi argued that psychology has the responsibility to investigatethe full range of behavior and experience of people in such a way that the aims of rigorous science are fulfilled, but that these aims should not be implemented primarily in terms of the criteria of the natural sciences.As an organized movement, humanistic psychology grew out of a series of meetings in the late 1950s initiated by Abraham Maslow and Clark Moustakas and including Carl Rogers, all APA members. They explored themes such as the nature of the self, self-actualization, health, creativity, being, becoming, individuation, and meaning. Building on these meetings, in 1961 an organizing committee including Anthony Sutich launched the Journal of Humanistic Psychology (JHP). Its early editorial board included many well-known scholars such as Andras Angyal, Erich Fromm, Kurt Goldstein, Rollo May, Clark Moustakas, and Lewis Mumford. Maslow had compiled a mailing list of colleagues to whom he sent his papers which conventional journals would not publish, and this was used to begin the promotion of JHP (deCarvalho, 1990).The new journal's success in coalescing a responsive subscriber base quickly convinced its founders that a professional association could also meet a need. With the assistance of James Bugental, who served as its first president pro tem, and a grant arranged by Gordon Allport, the inaugural meeting of the Association for Humanistic Psychology (AHP) was held in Philadelphia in 1963. Among the 75 attendees were many who would later play prominent leadership roles in this movement. (For a summary of this meeting see deCarvahlo, 1991, pp. 10-11.)In 1963 James Bugental published a foundational article, "Humanistic Psychology: A New Breakthrough," in the American Psychologist which was adopted by AHP as a basic statement of its own orientation. This statement was amplified in Bugental's 1964 article, "The Third Force in Psychology" inthe Journal of Humanistic Psychology and appears, in the following slightly amplified version, in each issue of JHP.Five Basic Postulates of Humanistic Psychology1. Human beings, as human, are more than merely the sum of theirparts. They cannot be reduced to component parts or functions.2. Human beings exist in a uniquely human context, as well as in acosmic ecology.3. Human beings are aware and aware of being aware—i.e., they areconscious. Human consciousness potentially includes anawareness of oneself in the context of other people and thecosmos.4. Human beings have some choice, and with that, responsibility.5. Human beings are intentional, aim at goals, are aware that theycause future events, and seek meaning, value and creativity.(Bugental, 1964, pp. 19-25)The second AHP meeting took place in Los Angeles in September 1964, with about 200 attendees. As Bugental observed, this group already included the four major subgroups that have characterized and sometimes strained the association ever since: therapists, social/political activists, academic theorists and researchers, and "touchy feely" personal growth seekers (deCarvalho, 1991, 1992).To develop the philosophy, themes and direction of the Association for Humanistic Psychology and humanistic psychology theory, The Old Saybrook Conference was convened in 1964 at a Connecticut country inn. It was an invitational conference sponsored by AHP, financed by the Hazen Foundation, and hosted by Wesleyan University under the chairmanship of Robert Knapp. Leading figures in the psychology of personality and in the humanisticdisciplines participated: Gordon Allport, George Kelly, Clark Moustakas, Gardner Murphy, Henry Murray, and Robert White of the founding generation; Charlotte Bühler, representing a European tradition of research labeled "life-span development," Jacques Barzun and Rene Dubos as humanists from literature and biological science, and James Bugental, Abraham Maslow, Rollo May, and Carl Rogers, who became the intellectual leaders of the movement. These founders did not intend to neglect scientific aspirations; rather, they sought to influence and correct the positivistic bias of psychological science as it then stood. The titles of some of the papers indicate the focus of the conference: "Some Thoughts Regarding the Current Philosophy of the Behavioral Sciences" by Carl Rogers, "Intentionality, the Heart of Human Will" by Rollo May, "Psychology: Natural Science or Humanistic Discipline?" by Edward Joseph Shoben, and "Humanistic Science and Transcendent Experiences" by Abraham Maslow.In addition to the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, the Association for Humanistic Psychology, and the Old Saybrook Conference, the subsequent years also saw the founding of graduate programs in humanistic psychology. Masters' programs in humanistic psychology were begun in 1966 at Sonoma State University (then Sonoma State College), and in 1969 at the State University of West Georgia (then West Georgia College). An M.A. program in existential-phenomenological psychology was created at Duquesne University in 1959, and a Ph.D. program was added in 1962. Several free-standing institutes also initiated humanistic graduate programs. John F. Kennedy University and the Union Institute, both begun in 1964, and the California Institute of Integral Studies in 1968 were among the first. In 1971 the Association for Humanistic Psychology created the Humanistic Psychology Institute (now known as Saybrook Graduate School, named afterthe famous conference). These early programs, still continuing, have since been joined by many others. Thirty-seven are listed in the current Directory of Graduate Programs in Humanistic-Transpersonal Psychology in North America (Arons, 1996). Some of these have focused on synthesizing humanistic scholarship with eastern philosophies such as Hinduism and Buddhism (the best known of these are the California Institute for Integral Studies, John F. Kennedy University, the Institute for Transpersonal Psychology, and Naropa Institute). Faculty members from these graduate programs have been active in Division 32 and many, especially from State University of West Georgia and Saybrook Graduate School, have served as its president.The Founding of Division 32: Ambivalence and Collaboration During the 1960s the primary organizational forum for the burgeoning humanistic movement was the Association for Humanistic Psychology (AHP), which had become an organization of 6,600 thousand members. As a protest movement against the mainstream approaches in psychology, this alternative venue outside of APA seemed most appropriate. However, as the momentum of change during the 1960s continued, the mainstream also began to open up to much of this new thinking. Abraham Maslow was elected president of the American Psychological Association in 1968. (Rogers had been president in 1947, and later Stanley Graham and Brewster Smith, two Division 32 presidents, also served as APA presidents.) Eventually, a group of psychologists within APA decided to pursue the organization of an APA division devoted to humanistic psychology.This effort was spearheaded by Don Gibbons, then a faculty member at West Georgia College. In order to propose a new division, the signatureson a petition to APA of 1% of APA's existing membership were required (approximately 275 at that time). In January 1971, Gibbons wrote to John Levy, the executive director of AHP, seeking his support in soliciting these signatories from APA members who belonged to AHP. Many members of AHP were also members of APA, so it was evident that the two groups would have a significant overlapping membership. As Gibbons wrote in that January 12, 1971 letter: "We would like to see it set up in such a way as to facilitate communication between the A.P.A. and all areas of the humanistic movement. In particular, we would like to see the new division maintain the closest possible degree of collaboration with A.H.P." In the end, 374 members of APA petitioned for the proposed division. As a result, the APA Council of Representatives, after hearing receiving affirmation from the existing divisions of APA, confirmed and made official the new Division of Humanistic Psychology.This prospect of another humanistic organization raised concern on the part of some that it would dilute the movement (Arons, personal communication, June 6, 1998). The proponents of the proposed division, however, were in any case determined to proceed, and viewed the eventual formation of a Division of Humanistic Psychology within the APA as inevitable, given the continuing rapid growth of humanistic psychology at that time. Though still wary, previously opposed members of AHP who also belonged to APA chose to help make the proposed division the best it could be, and gathered at the official organizational meeting scheduled by Gibbons during the 1971 APA convention (Harari, personal communication, June 26, 1998). For unknown reasons, Gibbons himself did not attend the meeting. Spontaneously, a group of individuals occupied the dais and took charge of the meeting.Several people presented the case for a new division. Albert Ellis spoke eloquently for its value in giving a voice within APA to humanistic psychology. Fred Massarik indicated that he had been originally opposed to the proposed division, but now supported it. It was proposed that a steering committee of 11 be elected who would constitute an acting executive board during the coming year, to establish by-laws and a statement of purpose.As Harari described this first meeting in his letter to the new division's members:On Saturday, September 4, 1971 an organizing meeting washeld for the Division of Humanistic Psychology of APA during therecent APA meetings held in Washington, D.C. Fifty-sevenpersons attended the organizing meeting and together withoriginal petitioners for the formation of the new Division, as wellas other interested members and fellows, became the chartermembers of the new Division. In the absence of the originallyscheduled chairperson, Don Gibbons of West Georgia College,Albert Ellis was appointed Chairman of the meeting and CarmiHarari was appointed Recording Secretary....Several signers ofthe original petition were present in the room and assisted in theconduct of the meeting, together with the expert consultingassistance of Jane Hildreth, representing APA CentralOffice....Serving as Presiding Officers for the organizing meetingwere Albert Ellis, Stanley Graham, Carmi Harari, Fred Massarik,Denis O'Donovan and Everett Shostrom. (Harari, 1971)The first meeting of the acting executive board took place immediately following the organizational meeting of the new division. Officers were elected, with Harari chosen as acting president, Graham as acting treasurer,Ellis as acting council representative, and Shostrom and Massarik as co-chairs of the next convention's program. Three other decisions, all of which would be subsequently challenged and changed, were made: the first program would be on an invitational basis; dues were set at $3.00; and Fellows, Members, and Associates of APA would be eligible for division membership on an equal basis with no classes of membership in the division.The Early Years: Growth and InnovationThe following year, 1972, saw the usual development and application of those processes by which a new organization becomes normalized including membership, governance, programs, and publications.. What was reflective of the spirit of Division 32, however, was the open, explorative approach to these features, which were handled in innovative ways. MembershipA highly successful recruitment of new members, by Barton Knapp as acting membership chair, brought in about 300 new applications during the Division's first year, almost doubling the membership total. By January 1, 1973, the total was 647; in 1974 it was 784. By 1975, it topped 900, and by 1976 it was more than a thousand. In 1977 it reached 1150, the highest level where it then stabilized for the next few years.During the 1973-74 year, the membership chair, Nora Weckler, conducted a survey of members, and itemized their major fields of involvement. Most heavily represented was counseling psychology. Clinical and educational psychologists were also strongly represented, followed by psychotherapy, experimental, social, industrial, and developmental psychologists. Smaller numbers included: engineering, environmental,perception, rehabilitation, and philosophical psychologists. Weckler also noted that the Division's first international members came from Venezuela, Japan, and India. She also itemized reasons given for joining the Division. These included:to have closer contact with others of similar interests; to learnmore about the humanistic approach....a desire for personal andprofessional growth and training....to learn how psychology canhelp people lead a more fulfilling life....to support the philosophyof Division 32....because of dissatisfaction with AHP's anti-intellectual and anti-scientific attitude....an appreciation of theblending of both art and science....a desire to learn more of whatthe Division was doing....an interest in the unresolved theoreticaland philosophical problems of humanistic psychology....with thehope that the Division will further develop theory and researchfollowing an existential-phenomenological approach. (NoraWeckler, Membership Chair Report, 1971)In the following year's membership survey (1974-75), Weckler turned up mostly continuations of these trends. Members now also came from Great Britain, Canada, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Interest areas covered almost every subfield of psychology, with clinical psychology being the most heavily represented, counseling a close second, and educational psychology third. Social psychology, developmental psychology, rehabilitation psychology, speech and communication psychology, and pastoral psychology were also prominently mentioned.At that point in its history, Division 32 defined its mission as follows in an undated statement:Humanistic psychology aims to be faithful to the full range of humanexperience. Its foundations include philosophical humanism,existentialism, and phenomenology. In the science and profession ofpsychology, humanistic psychology seeks to develop systematic andrigorous methods of studying human beings, and to heal thefragmentary character of contemporary psychology through an evermore comprehensive and integrative approach. Humanisticpsychologists are particularly sensitive to uniquely human dimensions, such as experiences of creativity and transcendence, and to the quality of human welfare. Accordingly, humanistic psychology aims especially at contributing to psychotherapy, education, theory, philosophy ofpsychology, research methodology, organization and management and social responsibility and change.GovernanceIn early 1972 drafts of the new Division's by-laws were circulated to John Levy, the executive director at AHP, to Jane Hildreth at APA Central Office, and to the Division 32 members for their comments. The purpose of the Division, as stated in these first by-laws, was to apply the concepts, theories, and philosophy of humanistic psychology to research, education, and professional applications of scientific psychology.Only two aspects of the draft by-laws were seen as problematic. Levy pointed out that requiring decisions to be approved at the annual business meeting might result in a small turnout producing unrepresentative results. Mail-in balloting was then also included as a decision-making tool. Levy also questioned the unwieldy large size of the executive board, which included nine at-large members. (This number was later reduced to six.) Hildreth, at APA, noted (in her letter to Gloria Gottsegen, March 7, 1972) that theDivision's desire to have only one class of members, while laudable, conflicted with APA by-laws that prohibit a person from holding higher member status in a division than he/she does in APA. In the case of APA's three classes of membership (Fellow, Member, and Associate), it would be no problem to consider APA Fellows to be Members of Division 32, but Associates in APA could not be promoted to Member status in the Division. This dilemma was resolved, however, by allowing APA Associates to enjoy full membership status in the Division as members who could vote and hold office on an equal basis, with the sole exception that they could not vote for the Council Representative position (as that voting eligibility is part of APA's own by-laws). Division elections would henceforth require the Division secretary to count the ballots of Division members who, as Associates in APA, were not eligible to vote in APA elections, and whose ballots would therefore not be sent to APA. This added complication was seen as well worthwhile, to be able to establish a more egalitarian collegium of members, of whom about 20% were only Associate members of APA.As a result of the initial rapid growth in membership, along with a very positive response to Harari's first appeal of support in the APA apportionment balloting, the new Division was awarded two seats on APA's Council of Representatives. Following a call for nominations, the Division's first election was held, in 1972, to select its first actual (rather than acting) officers. Carmi Harari was elected president, Everett Shostrom president-elect, Gloria Gottsegen secretary, Barry Crown treasurer, Fred Massarik and Albert Ellis council representatives. Members-at-large of the executive board were also elected, to serve staggered terms. These included: David Bakan, Elizabeth Mintz, Joen Fagen, Robert Strom, Leonard Blank, Lawrence LeShan, James Klee, Janette Rainwater and Barton Knapp.When Shostrom became president he presented the executive board with a silver oil can engraved with the inscription, "APA Division 32 President's Actualizing Oil Can" on which he had inscribed the names of the first two division presidents (Harari and Shostrom). He recounted the story of the Wizard of Oz. The straw man, the tin man and the cowardly lion were seeking from an outside authority qualities they already possessed within themselves. Opening to these inner qualities is a prime message of humanistic psychology. The oil can used by the tin man to lubricate his joints became a ritual reminder of this message as it passes, each name added, from outgoing to incoming presidents.Beginning with the first elected executive board meeting, in 1972 during the APA convention in Honolulu, innovations and changes were typical. Convention programming was changed from being exclusively invitational. It was decided to allot only 50% to invited symposia and 50% to proposals solicited from members. A newsletter was inaugurated, with Alvin Manaster appointed as its first editor, and a Social Responsibility Committee was formed with James Klee as its first chair. A proposal by Robert Strom to hold a mid-year executive board meeting was also accepted. It was also decided to include a regular column about Division 32 in AHP's newsletter, so as to continue the hoped-for collaboration between the two groups.The election of 1974 featured a problem and creative resolution. The balloting for the position of president-elect resulted in a tie vote between Myron Arons and Stanley Graham. With the concurrence of the two candidates, President Shostrom flipped a coin to determine the results. It was agreed that, since Stanley Graham won the toss, he would function as President-elect for the 1974-1975 term and that he would function as。