高中英语语法专题复习:名词性从句
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高中英语名词性从句知识讲解以及练习题附答案一、名词性从句概述名词性从句是一种充当名词作用的从句,通常在主句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
它通常由引导词(如that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what等)引导,并且从句中含有一个主语和谓语。
名词性从句的种类有很多,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
下面我们将逐一介绍这些从句。
二、主语从句主语从句作为一个名词,通常位于句首,是一个句子,主要作用是作为主句的主语。
引导主语从句的词:What (什么);Whether (是否);If (是否);That (那个)。
例句:What he said is true. (他说的是真的。
)Whether it will rain tomorrow is uncertain. (明天是否会下雨还不确定。
)If you go, I will go too. (如果你走,我也跟着走。
)That he is coming is good news. (他来的消息是好消息。
)注意:主语从句的谓语动词通常要用单数形式。
What引导的主语从句通常用来表示“事物”的概念。
三、宾语从句宾语从句是一个名词,通常位于主句的动词后面,作为主句的宾语。
它可以由常见的宾语从句引导词引导,例如whether, if, that, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, how等。
引导宾语从句的词:Whether (是否);If (是否);That (那个);Who (谁);Whom (谁);Whose (谁的);What (什么);When (何时);Where (何处);How (如何)。
例句:I know that he is coming. (我知道他要来。
)I wonder if he is telling the truth. (我想知道他是否说了真话。
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that,if,whether;疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等。
1.主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。
它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。
例如:Who did that is known to all.It is interesting that you should like him.2.表语从句表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。
如:The question is who can complete the difficult task.表语从句不能用if引导,但可用as if引导。
例如:He looked as if he was going to cry.3.同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。
引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。
连接词用that(不用which),及连接副词how,when,where,why等。
例如:His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.4.宾语从句1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
例如:We can learn what we did not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作为形式宾语。
名词性从句专题讲解一、复习句子成分二、句子种类简单句、并列句、复合句(三大从句)一、名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
1)名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2)因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句What he wants to tell us is not clear.宾语从句He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.名词性从句表语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位语从句I have no idea when he will come back home.1. 这里重点强调一下同位语从句,顾名思义,所谓同位语从句就是一个句子与主句中某一个名词互为同位语!那么什么是同位语呢,很简单就是相同地位,相同成分,平起平坐,A(名词)=B(从句), B(从句)=A(名词), 去掉任何一部分(A/B)对整个句子都不影响。
2. 而且与从句互为同位语的名词一般为抽象名词,例如:advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
二、引导名词性从句的连接词1.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1.连词:that(无任何词意)whether, if(均表示“是否”)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2. 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever, whomever3. 连接副词:when, where, how, why, how many, how much, how often2. 连接词的判定:根据连接词在从句中所做的不同的成分,我们可以归纳如下:人物主语:who what宾语:whom what名词性从句表语:whom what定语:which what whose状语:when where why how (how many, how much, how often)不做成份:that if/whether as if /as though互动精讲【知识梳理1】宾语从句(一)宾语从句简介用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
高中英语语法:名词性从句知识汇总在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。
因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。
由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装。
一、引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。
引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。
连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。
(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。
(What在从句中作主语)2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。
(1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道”解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。
I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。
(此处不用whether)Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。
高考英语语法知识一、形容词1.修饰名词,对主语或宾语进行补充说明是形容词的基本作用。
1)修饰主语hard work 繁重的工作 nice picture 好看的照片2)对主语或宾语补充说明就是补语。
形容词是补语的一种。
用作补语的形容词一般位于be 动词或宾语后面。
She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。
The work is very hard. 那个工作很难。
2.become/look/remain等动词后面加形容词也是对主语补充说明。
become, get, grow, go, turn 成为...look, appear, seem 好像...,看起来像...remain, stay 保持...状态与be动词相似,但更强调“维持在什么样的状态”。
They got upset when heir team lost the game.当他们队输了比赛时,他们非常生气。
Receiving the presents, the orphans seemed so happy.那些孤儿们收到了礼物,看起来很高兴。
My mom remained calm even though she was upset.即使我妈妈生气了,她始终保持沉默。
他们是富裕的家庭。
They're a wealthy family.他们很生气。
They were very upset.那是件容易的事。
It’s easy work.她看起来很累。
She looked tired.她保持沉默。
She remained silent.3.记住特殊的形容词1)只作补语的形容词alive 活的alone 独自,孤独asleep 熟睡afraid 害怕的sorry 对不起They were alive. 他们还活着。
2)在名词后修饰的形容词事实上,这种形容词完全是因为名词才特殊。
像something,somebody,someone这样的名词,其后附有-thing,-body,-one之类的后缀,这样的名词要放在形容词前,即形容词在后面修饰这些名词。
语法复习之名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
(一)引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。
有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if。
that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。
连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
(二)主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.(三)表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.(四)宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。
高中英语名词性从句复习名词性从句就是在句子中起名词作用的句子。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能够担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句有三大要素:引导词、语序和时态。
名词性从句的引导词也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。
这些引导词可分为三类,一是that 类,二是if / whether类,三是疑问词类。
既然是引导词,所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。
名词性从句的语序,是指名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同,即“主语+谓语”。
事实上,任何一种从句,其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。
关于名词性从句的时态,若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态;若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。
名词性从句中连接词的运用:名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / if,连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever /whenever。
一、that的用法:①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
如:That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
高考英语名词性从句知识点一、that从句1、主语从句that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc. ) + that 从句It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc. ) + that 从句It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,etc. ) + that 从句that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。
2、宾语从句(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid 等。
在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in的宾语。
3、表语从句(that不可省略)4、同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility 等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that 在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。
二、whether/if 从句1>在表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后引导宾语从句时,必须用whether。
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
第一节知识点讲解顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语。
有时本身出现在主语的位置上,也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部,前面用形式主语 it 代替。
从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式。
如 :What I saw was beyond any verbal description.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.Tips: 主语从句的 that 绝对不能省去。
因为句子是不能做主语的,故用 that 引导。
若去掉则没有了主语,而宾语从句的 that 可省。
主语从句: That he is right is known to all of us.宾语从句: We all know (that) he is right.1.It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
名词性从句Noun Clauses一. 基础定义和连接词1. 名词性从句:就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。
2. 名词性从句包括4种从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。
[判断]以下从句类型:1)The truth is that I have been there. ( )2)The fact that she was late surprised us. ( )3) That he will come is certain. ( )4) I know that he will come. ( )3. 名词性从句的连接词有:从属连词(不做成分):that (无意义),whether, if (是否)….连接代词(在从句中做主,宾,表,定):what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever连接副词(在从句中做状语):when, where, how , why二. 名词性从句位置和特点●主语从句:1.可直接放在句首。
2.主语较长时通常用It作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。
1). he knows Japanese is known to all.2). surprised me was to see him here .3) he is coming doesn’t matter much.4) It remains a secret they climbed up the mountain.●宾语从句:可做动词,介词和部分(表情感态度的)形容词词的宾语。
I want to know when we will start.Everything depends on whether we have enough time.I’m afraid (that) I have made a mistake.注意:如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用it 作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
[编辑本段]一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.[编辑本段]二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
复合句一. 名词性从句:1.名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。
2.名词性从句的语序:名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。
如:He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.(一)主语从句1.定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:1) 从属连词that:由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。
That he has disappeared worries his parents.It worries his parents that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lottery.It is a big surprise that he is still alive.2) 从属连词whether。
如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.Whether he will take part in the play is not clear.3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所1的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句,也可以由-ever等代词引导。
名词性从句和定语从句一.名词性从句名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,相当于一个名词的功能。
近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下:【考点】名词性从句中引导词whether与if 的用法区别。
引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句可以互换的场合: He is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it.当与or not分开使用时He wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句只能用whether不能用if的场合:引导介词后的宾语从句(有时可省略)后面紧跟or not时后面直接跟动词不定式时_____ the flight to New York will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about. (南京) A. If ; what B. Whether ; that C. When ;that D. Whether ; what【考点】whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替换,因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。
—— Have a nice trip! ——Thanks. I’ll telephone you from _____ I get to by tomorrow evening. ( 广州)A. whereverB. every placeC. wheneverD. no matter where 【考点】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
1.that 引导名词性从句时,不在从句中充当任何成分,只起连接作用;而what是连接代词,在从句中充当成分。
高中英语语法专攻-《名词性从句》【考点1-引导词】【考点2-主语从句】①定义:主语从句是指在复合句中充当主语的句子,它是名词的拓展,属于主语的第三个表达层次。
所以,主语从句和名词一样通常是出现在谓语动词的前面。
②主语从句的引导词:从属连词:that、whether、if(不可位于句首)连接代词:what, whatever/who, whoever/whom, whomever/whose,whosever/which,whichever连接副词:when, whenever/where,wherever/how, however/whythat引导主语从句(that无含义,在句中不作成分,不可省略)That youth is wholly experimental is known to us all。
众所周知,青春就是探索的岁月。
That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.她读完了一部全英文小说让我们惊讶That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你赢得奖牌似乎是不可能的。
That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。
That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
Whether引导主语从句(whether有含义“是否”,在句中不作成分,不可省)Whether she will come to the party makes no difference.她来不来参加聚会都没有关系。
It makes no difference whether/if she will come to the party.W hether he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.他来或不来都不怎么重要It doesn’t matter too much whether he is coming or not.Who,whom, what, which,whose(连接代词)引导主语从句(连接代词有含义,在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分)Who will be the leader of the team has not been decided yet.谁会成为这个队的领头人还没定下来。
名词性从句【知识精讲】在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词(一)引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:1.连词:that(无任何词意,陈述句充当名词性从句)whether ,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性,一般疑问句充当名词性从句)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2.连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which. whichever, whomever3.连接副词:when, where, how, why(由特殊疑问句充当名词性从句)(二)、名词性that-从句1.由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.2.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:●It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.●It's a pity that you should have to leave.(三)名词性wh-从句1.由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。