一 共现 Co-occurrence
• 共现指的是个别词项经常共同一起使用。 • Co-occurrence refers to the permitted syntagmatic combination of words. Firth uses a less technical expression for this term—“the mutual expectancy of words” (词的同现可能 性). • 他认为,理解一个词要看它的结伴关系 ( You know a word by the company it keeps.)。
二 选择限制 selection restrictions
• 以Chosmky为代表的语言学家从选择限制的角度 来研究搭配问题。认为词的搭配取决于两点:一 是语法规则,一是词汇的语义特征。 • Chosmky handles collocation within the framework of the grammar( to be more exact, “syntax”). Chosmky is concerned with a grammar that, given a set of appropriate rules, will generate all and only the grammatical sentences of a language.
• 如ass 一词常与silly, obstinate, stupid, awful, egregious等词连用,用在句中表现为“ You silly ass. Don’t be such an ass.”
• 再如auspicious常与occasion, event, sign等词 搭配使用。Letter与alphabet, graphic 或 postman, pillar-box等词连用。