国家电网电力英语水平考试3-补全短文(打印版)

阅读理解1.Wind energy has numerous benefits(1)T he reason for[ out](2)W hy is wind[ pollution](3)W hich of the following statements[ locations](4)W hich of the following is one[ maintenance](5)T he cost of[ wind]2.Strange thing happens to time(1)T he best title[ world](2)T he difference[ hour](3)F orm this[ zones](4)T he international[ begins](5)I f you cross[ hours]3.As a clean and renewable energy(1)W hat’s the feature[ source](2)B efore installing[ be done](3)A ccording to the[ phone masts](4)W hich of following is[ pollution](5)W hich of the following statements[ turbines] 4.Doctors have known for(1)D octors have[ noise](2)T his passage[ be….more than one second](3)A ccording to this[ worse](4)M illions of[ aspirin](5)T he purpose[….from loud noises]5.Cell phones are not just distracting(1)M any people[ closed](2)W hat will happen[ influenced](3)W hat do children[ and night](4)W hy do children[ cell phones](5)T he author[ sometimes]6.In our present life everything is(1)M any things[ signals](2)W hich of following is[ quickly](3)D octors can use [ diseases](4)W hich of the following statements[ computers](5)W hat is the[’s life]7.When it comes to the advantages(1)F or a company’s business[ process](2)W hat is the purpose[ source](3)W hat is a step[ design](4)W ho is needed[developer expertise](5)W hat does specialized[]8.Not every purchase goes as planned(1)W hen making[ person](2)W hat should[](3)W hat should be[](4)W hat does the[ complaints](5)W hat method[ network]9.When most people think of scuba(1)U sually most[ waters](2)H ow can divers[ first](3)W hat is the[ than in other waters](4)W hy can some[ warm](5)W hat can be[ tubes of ice]10.P eople appear to be born to computer(1)W hat does[ children](2)F orm the passage[ and walk](3)I n this passage[](4)A ccording to[’t think](5)W hich of the[ easily]11.A new technology is going to ripe(1)A s is indicated[ development](2)T he new technology[ the word](3)W hat does the[](4)F orm the passage[ technology](5)W hich of the[:a new technology]12.O nline banks revolutionized brick-and-mortar(1)W hat should[ phones](2)O ne of advantages of[ banks](3)I f you lose you[ phone](4)W hich of the[ account](5)W hat’s the[ banking]13.A ll the useful energy at the surface of(1)T he sun is[ power](2)R adiant energy[](3)T he sun’s energy[](4)T he largest part[’s atmosphere](5)O f the sun’s total[ portion]14.T he market is a concept(1)W hich of the following[ market](2)A ll of the[ school](3)Y ou are buying[ restaurant](4)T he word [](5)I n what way[ produce]15.B usiness development(BD) is a(1)W hat is the final[ opportunities](2)W hy is a strong[ succeed](3)I f a football[ concerned](4)W hat is important[ the departments](5)W hat is the passage[ development]16.“Body clocks”are biological(1)A ccording to[a.”body clock”](2)I rregular signs[ illnesses](3)W e tend to[ then](4)T he author[ night](5)A ccording to the[ time]17.P lastics are materials which are(1)T he word[](2)I t can be[ antiues](3)W hich of the following is necessary[](4)P lastics that harden[](5)W hich of the following is the best[ material]18.W hen we analyze the salt salinity(1)T his passage[ salinity](2)I t can be[](3)W hich of the following is[ ice](4)W hich of the following statements[ the oceanic salinity](5)T he purpose of[ salinity]19.T he science of meteorology is(1)W hich of the following is the best[ science of mereorology](2)T he predictions of[ maps](3)W hich of the following is not[](4)T he author[ property](5)I n the last[ physics]20.A s we have seen,the focus of(1)T oday medical care[ habits](2)I n the first[ being ill](3)T raditionally [ disease](4)A ccording to the author[ health](5)A ccording to what[ limitations]21.P eople in intangible service(1)M any professionals[](2)T rust is regardes as[ or not](3)W hat do [ bamboozled](4)W hat will happen[ destroyed](5)W hich of the following[ be trusted]22.S cratchy throats,stuffy noses(1)A ccording to the author[ illness](2)W e learn form[ a cold or the flu](3)A ccording to the passage[ disease](4)W hich of the[ high temperature](5)I f children have[ aspirin]23.S ign has become a scientific(1)T he study of[ a language](2)T he present growing[ the deaf](3)A ccording to stoke[ genuine language](4)M ost educators[ speech sounds](5)S tokoe’s argument[ the brain]24.I t is hard to track the blue whale(1)T he passage[ system](2)T he underwater[ vessels](3)T he deep-sea[ sound](4)I t can be[ use](5)W hich of the[ scientists]25.Y ou never see them,but(1)W hat does[ airplane](2)W hat information[ of the crash](3)W hy was the black[ the crash](4)W hy did[ identifiable ](5)W hat do we know[ recovered]26.N ew technology links the world(1)W hat is [](2)W ith the increased[ business](3)I n the passage[ abroad](4)A ccording to the passage[’s language](5)T he advantage of[ process]27.A properly designed electrical(1)W hen there is[ dangerous heat](2)W ant will circuit[ immediately](3)W hat’s the fuction[ other circuits](4)T hrough electrical[ outside](5)H ow dose a circuit[ exceed]28.E vey hour the sun beams(1)F orm the first[ technology](2)W hat is the percentage[ than one thousandth](3)W here can[ rooftops](4)I n solar thermal[ source](5)B y what[ moveable mirrors]29.R esearchers say people traveling(1)T he main[ air](2)T hose who[ a car](3)W hich of the[ vehicles](4)P eople living[ diseases](5)W hich of[ attacks]30.decision to(1)O n what[ smoking](2)T he purpose of[ smoking](3)W here can[](4)W hich of the[ you](5)W hat is the[ them]31.U nwanted sound,or noise,such(1)N oise pollution[ productivity](2)W hich of the[ sound](3)W here is[ airports](4)W hich sound[ hertz](5)W hat method[ protection]32.A smart grid incorporates(1)W hat can customers[ pattern](2)O ne of the[ energy](3)W hat can larger[ events](4)W hat can a smart[ wisely](5)W hich of the following[ smart grid] 33.I n economic terms,electricity(1)A n electricity[ electricity](2)W hat is the price[ demand](3)W ho will be[ operators](4)T he restructuring of [ markets](5)W hy is[ power pricing]34.L arge airports with lots of(1)S everal languages[ airports](2)H ow are the[ in](3)W hich airport can [](4)W hich of the[ suffer jet lag](5)I f you leave[ found]35.E verybody in the city uses mobile(1)M obile phones[ places](2)W hat do we[ use](3)W hich of the following translations[ tomorrow](4)W hy does the writer[ is use](5)W hich of the following is ture[ phones]36.I n our country,the power grid(1)I n our country[b.+](2)I n the power grid[b.+60s](3)T he running of[ AC single-phase synchronous motor](4)I n the power grid with a capacity of 3000MW[+](5)T he primary[+]37.A ll the useful energy at the surface(1)T he sun is the [ power](2)R adiant energy[](3)T he sun’s energy[](4)T he largest part of[](5)O f the sun’s total[ portion]38.T he market is a concept.(1)W hich of the following[ is the market](2)A ll of [ night school](3)Y ou are buying[at a restaurant](4)T he word[](5)I n what way[ produce]39.N owadays more and more people(1)W hich of the[](2)A ccording to[ crowded](3)L ittle cars[ life](4)A little car is[ third the size of](5)L arge cars[]40.T he transmission and transformation of(1)T he function[ electric power](2)I n our country,what[ and 220kv](3)I n our country,the specified[ line…..effective value](4)W hat is[ ultra-high voltage](5)I n our country,the voltage[ above]41.T he science of meteorology is concerned(1)W hich of the following is the best[…](2)T he predictions[ maps](3)W hich of the following is not[](4)T he author[ and property](5)I n the last[]42.A friend of mine,in response(1)T he author[ unfair](2)S urrendering to[ things](3)T he second[ the life](4)I n the last[ fair](5)F orm the[]43.T he cause of the decline of north(1)W hat do people[ factors](2)T he main[ north africa](3)W hich of [ forests](4)I ncrease in[ it](5)F orm this []44.I t is hard to track the bule whale(1)T he passage[](2)T he underwater[](3)T he deep-sea[](4)I t can be[](5)W hich of[]。

补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmissionThe function of (1) is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between power networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between (2)．Power transmission is completed by step-up substations，(3)．The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (cables)，poles or towers，insulators，overhead ground wires，and grounding devices. The (4) can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop，ensure the power quality, raise the economy of (5)．The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop，and improve the voltage quality．A. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventingThe misopemtion that can lead to (1) mainly are：①on-loadswitching of isolating switch；②connecting (2)；③closing the circuit breaker (isolating switch) with ground lines (ground switch) earthed．The“five preventings”for (3) includes：①preventing the wrong opening or closing of circuit breaker；②preventing the on load opening and closing of isolating switch；③preventing (4)；④preventing the closing of circuit breaker with grounding wire connected；⑤preventing(5)．A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantagesIn (1) such as U.S.A，Japan and European countries，the supercritical boiler has been developed since the 60s of last century．It has been proved by data and experience，the supercritical unit has (2)．As for its reliability, because the steam-water flow passages in supercritical boiler is same as that in the (3)，there isn’t anything special. But as far as hydrauliccharacteristic，a symbol of reliability, is concerned，in a supercritical boiler, under supercritical condition，medium is of single phase which has a (4). So that the problem caused by uneven distribution of steam phase and water phase can be avoided．It is admitted that, if (5)，both supercritical and subcritical units can get an excellent reliability index.A. good homogenization of distributionB. some advanced countriesC. whole process management is strengthenedD. great advantages oil economy and environmental protectionE. subcritical once-through boilerPassage 4 Steam generation and useSteam is one of man’s dependable servants More and more in the background，steam is doing more and more work for man. In (1) steam may be seen only at the teakettle, but the electricity used may be generated by burning coal or gas and producing steam to turn the generator rotors in the power plant Even if (2) by nuclear fission，the generation of electricity is still accomplished by (3).In the U.S.A. the demand for electricity doubles every ten years. For the most part water resources suitable for powergeneration are already in service, except for emergency standby and peak-load units; approximately 90% of (4) utilizes steam. The (5) is expanding in most countries of the world except for the countries where available water power resources are greater than power needs.A. first generating steamB. an electrically heated homeC. use of steam for electric power generationD. the new generating capacity being installedE. the fuel is uranium and the heat is suppliedPassage 5 Circuit breakerCircuit breakers are automatically operated high voltage (or high current) switches. Circuit breakers are required (1) by switching circuits on，by carrying load and by switching circuits off under manual or automatic supervision. Their duty is as follows：In closed position the circuit breaker must be a good conductor for the normal load current. In open position the gap across the contacts shall have foil insulation level. At opening operating the circuit breaker must be able (2) to many thousands of amperes，and independently of the characteristics from purely inductive to fully capacitive. At closing operation the circuit breaker must close fast and be safe also against full short circuitconditions. They must，therefore，be effective instantaneously when are called upon (3) without movement. As the circuit breaker is the last link in the chain of protective equipment, the circuit breaker reliability is (4) of the total electric power system so the importance (5) cannot be over emphasized.A· to perform any switching operation after long periodsB. to control electrical power networksC. of the circuit breakerD. to switch the current which can be from a few amperesE. of the highest importance for high reliabilityPassage 6 The ratio of distance to height of pumped-storage power plantFor pumped-storage power plant, generally the ratio of distance to height (l), Distance-height ratio (2) to the drop between upper and low reservoir that is L/H. The head of simple pumped-storage power plant consists of two parts，they are natural topographic elevation difference and elevation difference formed by dam. Of course, the head derived from topographic elevation difference ( 3 )，so in selecting plant site，the condition that not only a height difference is available but also no very high dam of upper reservoir is necessary should be considered. Smaller L/H value indicates a shorter water transportation line，then the engineering construction cost can be saved. But in many circumstances, topographic condition ( 4 ),so we can’t say the smallest L/H value ( 5 ). In newly constructed three large capacity pumped-storage power plants in our country, the L/H value respectively are：7.12 in Guangzhou. 4.12 in Shisanling，2.40 in Tian huangpingA. is most economicB. is used to evaluate topographic condition of power plantC. is not desirableD. is the ratio of horizontal distance between upper and low reservoirE. is the bestPassage 7 Fuel cellsFuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen are supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional battery, combine to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Unlike conventional batteries. where the conversion of chemical to electrical energy requires only the closing of a circuit between the cathode and anode to produce and electrical current，(1). These cells require the fuel and oxygen that will produce the chemical reactions that produce an electrical0utout．Fuel cells have been made that will supply power in the megawatt range，and (2)．Such cells are not yet widely used on power systems，but(3)to supply fuel cell power to isolated loads As the voltage output of a cell is in the order of l to 2.5V, (4) and power output in ranges that are normally required. Inverters are used to (5) when and AC output is desired.A . further development is under wayB. there is no storage capacity in a fuel cellC. many cells are operated in series to obtain voltagesD. supply alternating current from fuel cellsE. as they are being developed there have been some applicationsPassage 8 Substations pace into the Digital Age Substations constitute the main part of power transmission and distribution in a power grid. The substations (1), with the responsibility for the electric power transmission and distribution in the grid. Over more than a decade of development, (2). In the rebuilding and constructing of power grid in rural and urban areas，automation technology is not only used in low-voltage substations to realize unattended operation，but also in the 220kV and above extra-voltage substations，thus greatly enhancing the level of modernization of power gridconstruction, strengthening the power transmission and distribution and the possibility of power grid dispatching and reducing the total cost of substation construction, (3). However, the development of technology is never-ending，and the increasing maturation of technology like intelligent switches，photoelectric current and voltage transformers，online condition monitoring of primary equipments, (4), as well as the development and application of high-speed network in real-time system，is bound to have a profound impact upon the existing substation automation technology, and (5) is about to emerge. A. substation automation technology has reached a certain levelB. simulation training technology for substation operationC. composed of a large number of primary and secondary equipmentsD. a full-digital automation systemE. all of which has become an indisputable factPassage 9 Overcoming the Problem of WasteMany large cities are anything but beautiful Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1) ．If people want to solve the problem of waste, (2)．They must work out ways of making use of good things which are justthrown away as waste．When a car gets too old，it may not rim any more. But if the metal that the car was made of is still good，(3). When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. Besides, garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to pick out all the glass and metal.Furthermore, garbage can also be a good source for making building blocks, which are then covered with concrete. Now, (4) . Some day, people will watch films in a great cinema which has been built out of garbage Future buildings，roads，and cities may be made from garbage. But so far, (5).A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. it can be put to use againE. more and more machines are designed for this purpose Passage 10 HibernationThe weather in winter. Call be very cold. Some animals sleep during the winter, for it's difficult for them to find food then. (1) . For example，their sleep can last from autumn to spring. (2).Animals need food in winter to keep them warm and alive If they move about more，they need eat more. (3). Their heart beatsslowly. And they breathe slowly. They find a safe place to sleep.(4).In warm winter some animals like bears may wake up. If they see thick snow oil the ground, they will get back to their sleep.(5).A. So they don’t need to worry about bad weather and other dangerous animalsB. We call this kind of sleep in wintertime “hibernation’’C. As it gets warmer and warmer in spring，the sleeping animals begin to wake up and look around for foodD. Hibernating animals don’t need to eat much because they don’t moveE. They can sleep for a long timePassage 11 SatellitesThe body that is neatest to the Earth is the moon. (1). This satellite is called natural satellite. Man—made spacecraft which circle the Earth are called artificial satellites. Natural as well as artificial satellites circle the planets in a definite path or orbit(轨道). (2).All the bodies in space like the moon，the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. (3). The moon’s gravitational force is only one．sixth that of the Earth’s. TheEarth’s gravitational force of pull keeps ns and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.(4). There are many artificial satellites orbiting around the Earth. Some artificial satellites have been sent up to orbit the moon and even the planet Mars. (5).A. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravityB. It circles the Earth and is therefore know as a satellite of the EarthC. To get out into space we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pullD. A satellite stays in orbit because the planet gravitational force keeps pulling it into a circleE. Artificial satellite can be used for various purposes Passage 12 Secondary equipment in power systemThe secondary equipments in power system are (1), measuring，regulating，controlling primary equipments, the equipments that supply information，working condition for the operator or maintenance persons, and (2). The electric circuit connected with the secondary winding of CT or PT is called secondary circuit. The secondary equipment and secondary circuit belong to secondary system.The voltage and (3) are：110V , 220V DC operating voltages, 100V rated voltage of the potential transformer secondary winding and (4). The related parameter values of secondary system after weak electrification are：24V 48V 60V DC operating voltages, (5), 0.5A rated current of CT secondary side.A. 5A rated current of the current transformer secondary windingB. the equipments that provide protecting，monitoringC. 50V rated voltage of PT secondary sideD. the equipments that send the command signalsE. current values in secondary systemPassage 13 Switching overvoltageA sudden change in the configuration of transmission network caused (1) or by the appearance of a fault can cause a rapid surge known as switching overvoltage, which propagates throughout the network. It is these switching overvoltages which in general (2), Limitating these overvoltages is of extremely importance, because they have an important effect on both (3). These switching overvoltages can occur (4). If non-restriking circuit breakers is not used, it is at the instant of closing, and above all，re-closing of a line which has held a residual charge, that the strongest overvoltages will appear. This switchingovervoltage is usually limited (5).A. determine the insulation requirements of transmission linesB. the cost of transmission and 1ine failure rateC. at both opening and closing of circuit breakersD. by means of circuit breaker closing resistor in 500kV systemE. by the operation of a circuit breakerPassage 14 Transmission line and distribution lineThe high voltage power line through which power is (1) is called power transmission line. The voltage classes of 35kV and above are generally used. High voltage distribution line is (2) to distribution transformers. Low voltage distribution line is the line that transmits power from distribution transformer to the users. The normal voltage of power distribution line is 380V. The special sections of (3) refer to the sections with large spanning, serious pollution, (4)．The overhead line section whose span is 1000 m and longer or the height of the pole or tower is l00m and higher is called (5).A. transmitted from power plant’s step-up substation to step-down substationB. the overhead transmission lineC. lightning frequently happening and heavy rainingD. the power line that transmits the power from step-down substationE. 1arge spanning line sectionPassage 15 Transformer insulationThe insulation of a transformer can be categorized into internal insulation and external insulation. (1). The external insulation is the insulation between the upper part of bushings and the ground and the insulation among the bushings. The internal insulation of transformer can be further subdivided into main insulation and longitudinal insulation (2). The longitudinal insulation refers the insulation between different parts of the same winding，such as insulation between different sections，layers and turns of the same winding.(3), insulating pressboard, cable paper, corrugated paper, etc. The oil in transformer has two functions, one is insulation, and the other is cooling (4) by the factors such as temperature is called insulation aging. (5), for every 6o C temperature rise the insulation life time of the paper used in transformer will decrease by half.A. The main insulation materials inside transformer are transformer oilB. The degradation of insulating properties of insulationmaterials under long period of influenceC. The internal insulation refers to the insulation of various parts inside the oil tankD．If the winding temperature is within the scope of 80～140 o CE. The main insulation refers to the insulation between windings and grounding parts and the insulation between windingsPassage 16 The electricity marketThe aim of introducing market mechanism is to bring various parties more economic benefit through equitable competition，thereby promote economic development.Like other markets, it needs (1) where the sellers and buyers (suppliers) can trade electricity, and needs (2) where the suppliers can sell electricity to final customers. As in other markets，the participants need (3). Competition is introduced into generation and retail supplied to customers. Customers are free (4). If a customer chooses to buy electricity in the retail market, he should be able to choose electricity supply from one of several competing retailers. If a customer decides to purchase directly from the wholesale market, he will need (5). Power generation is disaggregated into separate companies to ensureadequate competition.A. to agree on the price and quantity to be tradedB. a wholesale marketC. to register as a market customerD. a retail marketE. to choose electricity suppliersPassage 17 Electric powerElectric power is a most convenient，clean，safe，and useful form of energy which supplies the major portion of energy needs of a modem society At the present time (1) is newsworthy. Electric power is so vital to the lives of people that (2) causes inconvenience, loss of production, and danger to many individuals who are in operation (such as cardiac operation) in hospital. A prolonged blackout, which is inevitable when a growing load is combined with no generation additions, could lead to (3). With the developing of industry and improving in living standard, the electric power demand is growing continuously and (4) is much greater than that of all other forms of energy. Now (5) has been one of the indications of modernization of a country.A. its growth rateB. its unavailabilityC. the lack of electricity (a blackout)D. social disorder, and even national tragedyE. high electric power consumption per capitaPassage 18 Copyright piracyThere are numerous examples of what has become known as copyright piracy. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, recently introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company invested millions of dollars in (1) of this product and ploughed another US $25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year later, however, very cheap bottles of Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between (2) -0ther than the price-was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than a green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company less willing to invest in R&D of (3). The“recipe”for Londax should have been treated as (4) of Du Pont. Other companies making illegal use of it are stealing just as surely as if they stole Du Pont’s machines or any other (5) of the inventing company.A. new chemicalsB. the research and developmentC. physical propertyD. the fake and real itemsE. the intellectual propertyPassage 19 Electrical energyElectrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. The energy portion of electricity is found in a variety of phenomena such as (1), electromagnetic fields and lightning. Humans have found the ability to harness these phenomena and store the (2) for later use. The concept of (3) is defined using a variety of different terminologies such as charge，current and potential.Electrical energy is the result of the interaction of subatomic particles with electromagnetic force. Within an atom, electrons and protons create a charge. This charge Can be transferred between bodies using direct contact with a conductive material like a wire.The current refers to the movement of the charge. With direct current, this occurs when the electricity is stored in a battery and travels in one direction out of the battery. (4) occurs when the current changes direction repeatedly within an electrical system. The alternating current form is usually used to power larger objects such as residences and buildings.(5) is essential to the range and power of electric energy. When an electric charge exists within an object, a force is exerted from its electrical field. This accelerates the object in a direction either towards or away from the charge, depending on the electromagnetic polarization. Generally, positively-charged electricity pushes the object away, while negatively-charged electricity pulls the object towards the field.A. Alternating currentB. electrical energyC. Electrical potentialD. static electricityE. electrical chargePassage 20 Solar energyMany people think of alternative solar energy as a new technology, but humans have been using this process to heat homes and baths for thousands of years. Alternative solar energy refers to energy from the sun that can be captured and used just like energy created by fossil fuels. The great benefit of solar energy is that its source, the sun，is not diminished by use of the energy, therefore making this type of power system(1).There are several different methods of collecting and using alternative solar energy. One of (2), usually seen as solar panels.Solar panels can be a very good means of collecting solar energy, but do have some drawbacks. While panels have the advantage of quickly turning absorbed solar radiation into usable energy, they are extremely (3). This means that much of the potential power of absorbed light is lost in the transfer processThermal solar energy is primarily used to create heat, such as for homes, baths, and swimming pools, In a thermal system, (4), which then passes through a pipe system where it mixes with water, generating steam. Steam is then passed through a turbine system, which turns it into usable energy. Despite sounding like a more complex process than photovoltaic systems use, thermal alternative solar energy is often far more (5) and is able to retain and use more of the collected energy directly for heating.A. sustainableB. inefficientC. the collected energy is used to heat a fluidD. the best known is photovoltaic cellsE. efficientPassage 21 Electrical energy conservationElectrical energy conservation refers to the process of reducing energy used through various means. Many of these methods for (1)；naming down the thermostat, naming off thelights when leaving the room, or switching off power strips when not in use are all examples of this. Homes, businesses or power companies (2), such as wind or solar energy, are also examples of electrical energy conservation. Many traditional electrical power plants are coal-fired, which contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, (3)；this is just one reason that energy conservation is important.For many people, electrical energy conservation begins at home. Not only is this good for the environment, but it can also significantly reduce the amount of a monthly electric bill. Some of the simplest steps to energy conservation include switching traditional light bulbs to compact fluorescent(CFL)bulbs, or (4). Making sure appliances are efficient, and that windows and doors are well sealed against the outdoors, are other examples of energy conservation. People (5) should also look for power strips that can be switched off．A. turning the thermostat up in the summer and down in the winterB. looking for other opportunities for electrical energy conservation in the homeC. reducing energy consumption can be undertaken at homeD. making use of alternative clean energy sourcesE. contributing to climate changePassage 1Nowadays, scientists are working hard to make deserts into useful land again. They make efforts to bring water to the desert( C ). Unluckily, more and more land is becoming deserts. This is because people are doing bad things to the earth.Some places don’t become deserts( D )Some green plants are growing there. ( B ). Plants keep the land away from becoming too dry in the sunshine( E ). When a little bit rain falls, the plants can hold the water. Without plants and grass，the land will become drier and drier and is more likely to become a desert. ( A )A. There is still a long way to go for scientists to turn the desert into good land.B. They are very important to dry placesC. so that people can live and grow food thereD. even t hough these places don’t have much rainE. Besides, they won’t let the wind blow the dirt away.Passage 2Temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy are the most commonly used ( C ) in the thermodynamics.Heat expansion refers to the phenomenon that most of the substances will increase in size with ( B ) in the absence of ( E ).There are three basic types of( A ), namely, conduction, convection and radiation.The first law of thermodynamics goes like this: the heat input to a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the increase in( D )of the system and the work done to the outside.A. heat transferB．the rise in temperatureC．parameters of the mediumD．internal energyE．external forcesPassage 1( E ) Here are three important rules( A )Reduce. ( B ) Big cities always consume a lot of water in daily life. To save water, people in some families may first use the same water to wash clothes and then to flush the toilet.Reuse. ( C )For example, you can pass on the clothes you do not use or those too small for you to your younger sisters or brothers.Recycle. Bottles, cans and paper can be recycled. In this way, we can save a lot of money and resources. For example,used coke cans can be sent to a factory to be smashed flat and melted. ( D )A. Their key words all begin with the 1etter “R”.B. If you want to reduce waste. you must use things wisely.C. You must always think of reusing things before throwing them out.D. The metal stuff can be made into new coke cans.E. It’s important to protect our environment.Passage 2According to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, ( B ), geothermal, tide power plants, and so on.A power plant transforms primary energy source into electric power and ( C ).A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also ( A ).Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: Power net plan fur medium and long term; ( D ); Transportation condition; Water sources; Local natural condition and environmental protection.According to the common stipulation for a newly scheduled power plant, the total capacity in a ( E ) is in therange of 1200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units should not exceed six and the ranks of capacity should not exceed two.A. supplies steam to the userB. nuclear, wind, solarC. supplies power to usersD. Fuel supply and ash disposalE. newly scheduled power plantPassage 1The most important pumps in a power plant are feed-water pumps and condensate pumps, etc.The role of feed-water pump in a power plant is that ( B ) from de-aerator water storage tank to boiler. To meet the demand of parameter design of thermodynamic system and to simplify the system, a part of the feed water is extracted from an intermediate stage of the pump for temperature reduction of superheated steam.Following methods are used popularly for the speed regulation of feed-water pump: ( D )；Hydraulic coupling speed regulation and speed regulation by a small turbine.The principle of disposition for boiler feed-water pumps: three sets of feed-water pumps are equipped, ( A ), another one for standby. Generally, two steam-driven pumps and one。

国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试宝典（补全短文）[全文5篇]第一篇：国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试宝典(补全短文)补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmissionCEADBThe function of(1)is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange。

A.step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB.power network operationC.power transmissionD.transmission at high voltageE.power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventingCEABD The misopemtion that can lead to(1)mainly are：①on-load switching of isolating switch；A.preventing the misoperation in substationB.the closing of grounding switch with power onC.accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD.the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE.the grounding wire(closing the grounding switch)with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantagesBDEAC In(1)such as U.S.A，Japan and European countries，the supercritical。

1.Advice on friendshipWe all need friends. Without friends we may feel empty and sad.……P3142.Business and risksMars once quoted a famous saying in his work capitalism, ……P3113.Closed loop operation of power gridThe closed loop operation of power grid refers to the mode of connecting the substations or transformers ……P3034.ElectricityElectricity may be dangerous. It always takes the shortest way to the ground.……P3125.Feature of power generationThe simultaneousness of the electric power generation means that the electric power generation,……P3026.Grounding of electric equipmentConnecting electric equipment with a grounded conductor in the earth is called grounding.……P3057.Heat treatmentThe purpose of post-weld heat treatment is: to diminish the residual stress in the welded joints;……P3108.Hydraulic structureThe selected type of dam of hydraulic power plant depends principally on topographic……P3109.Optical fiber communicationOptical fiber communication is a kind information by optical fiber.……P306 10.PaperDo you know the key to the following question?……P31311.Power plantAccording to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired,……P30712.Selection of metal material for the boiler in units of 1 000MW gradeTaking a general view of the 1 000MW high-efficiency supercritical unit designed and made in China,……P30813.Types of circuit breakerThe high voltage circuit breaker is mainly composed of contactors,……P304 14.The role of the condenserThe condenser is a surface heat exchange in which cooling water passing through the tubers ……P30815.UnderseaThe undersea world is very mysterious. In the daytime, there is enough light.……P313。

阅读理解1.Windenergyhasnumerousbenefits(1)T hereasonfor[d.runout](2)W hyiswind[d.producepollution](3)W hichofthefollowingstatements[c.remotelocations](4)W hichofthefollowingisone[a.lowermaintenance](5)T hecostof[c.maintaninwind]2.Strangethinghappenstotime(1)T hebesttitle[b.theworld](2)T hedifference[c.onehour](3)F ormthis[c.timezones](4)T heinternational[c.daybegins](5)I fyoucross[a.twenty-threehours]3.Asacleanandrenewableenergy(1)W hat’sthefeature[c.energysource](2)B eforeinstalling[a.tobedone](3)A ccordingtothe[b.cellphonemasts](4)W hichoffollowingis[d.noisepollution](5)W hichofthefollowingstatements[a.windturbines]4.Doctorshaveknownfor(1)D octorshave[c.loudnoise](2)T hispassage[b.willbe….morethanonesecond](3)A ccordingtothis[c.noiseworse](4)M illionsof[d.muchaspirin](5)T hepurpose[d.whether….fromloudnoises]5.Cellphonesarenotjustdistracting(1)M anypeople[b.getclosed](2)W hatwillhappen[c.beinfluenced](3)W hatdochildren[d.dayandnight](4)W hydochildren[b.oncellphones](5)T heauthor[b.phonessometimes]6.Inourpresentlifeeverythingis(1)M anythings[b.trafficsignals](2)W hichoffollowingis[c.assignmentsquickly](3)D octorscanuse[c.manydiseases](4)W hichofthefollowingstatements[a.bycomputers](5)W hatisthe[a.people’slife]7.Whenitcomestotheadvantages(1)F oracompany’sbusiness[c.developmentprocess](2)W hatisthepurpose[d.businesssource](3)W hatisastep[b.webdesign](4)W hoisneeded[developerexpertise](5)W hatdoesspecialized[a.optimization]8.Noteverypurchasegoesasplanned(1)W henmaking[d.thirdperson](2)W hatshould[b.concise](3)W hatshouldbe[a.problem](4)W hatdoesthe[b.variouscomplaints](5)W hatmethod[a.sentinelnetwork]9.Whenmostpeoplethinkofscuba(1)U suallymost[c.tropicalwaters](2)H owcandivers[d.icefirst](3)W hatisthe[a.watersthaninotherwaters](4)W hycansome[c.themwarm](5)W hatcanbe[a.longtubesofice]10.P eopleappeartobeborntocomputer(1)W hatdoes[a.inchildren](2)F ormthepassage[b.walkandwalk](3)I nthispassage[d.objective](4)A ccordingto[a.didn’tthink](5)W hichofthe[a.andeasily]11.A newtechnologyisgoingtoripe(1)A sisindicated[b.underdevelopment](2)T henewtechnology[c.aroundtheword](3)W hatdoesthe[d.dramatic](4)F ormthepassage[a.newtechnology](5)W hichofthe[b.superconductivity:anewtechnology] 12.O nlinebanksrevolutionizedbrick-and-mortar(1)W hatshould[c.smartphones](2)O neofadvantagesof[a.onlinebanks](3)I fyouloseyou[c.cellphone](4)W hichofthe[b.theiraccount](5)W hat’sthe[c.onlinebanking]13.A lltheusefulenergyatthesurfaceof(1)T hesunis[c.atomicpower](2)R adiantenergy[a.plants](3)T hesun’senergy[c.water](4)T helargestpart[b.earth’satmosphere](5)O fthesun’stotal[d.smallportion]14.T hemarketisaconcept(1)W hichofthefollowing[b.themarket](2)A llofthe[c.nightschool](3)Y ouarebuying[d.arestaurant](4)T heword[d.concrete](5)I nwhatway[a.toproduce]15.B usinessdevelopment(BD)isa(1)W hatisthefinal[c.strategicopportunities](2)W hyisastrong[d.tosucceed](3)I fafootball[a.personsconcerned](4)W hatisimportant[b.allthedepartments](5)W hatisthepassage[c.businessdevelopment]16.“Bodyclocks”arebiological(1)A ccordingto[a.”bodyclock”](2)I rregularsigns[b.possibleillnesses](3)W etendto[d.activethen](4)T heauthor[a.atnight](5)A ccordingtothe[b.daytime]17.P lasticsarematerialswhichare(1)T heword[b.agreeable](2)I tcanbe[d.asantiues](3)W hichofthefollowingisnecessary[a.carbon](4)P lasticsthatharden[d.thermosetting](5)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.modernmaterial]18.W henweanalyzethesaltsalinity(1)T hispassage[b.oceanicsalinity](2)I tcanbe[c.evaporation](3)W hichofthefollowingis[c.seaice](4)W hichofthefollowingstatements[d.withtheoceanicsalinity](5)T hepurposeof[a.cold-watersalinity]19.T hescienceofmeteorologyis(1)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.thescienceofmereorology](2)T hepredictionsof[b.weathermaps](3)W hichofthefollowingisnot[d.sports](4)T heauthor[b.andproperty](5)I nthelast[c.andphysics]20.A swehaveseen,thefocusof(1)T odaymedicalcare[c.livinghabits](2)I nthefirst[a.notbeingill](3)T raditionally[d.ofdisease](4)A ccordingtotheauthor[b.possiblehealth](5)A ccordingtowhat[c.theirlimitations]21.P eopleinintangibleservice(1)M anyprofessionals[a.unethical](2)T rustisregardesas[b.serviceornot](3)W hatdo[d.beingbamboozled](4)W hatwillhappen[c.bedestroyed](5)W hichofthefollowing[a.tobetrusted]22.S cratchythroats,stuffynoses(1)A ccordingtotheauthor[a.theillness](2)W elearnform[d.byacoldortheflu](3)A ccordingtothepassage[c.thedisease](4)W hichofthe[b.ahightemperature](5)I fchildrenhave[a.themaspirin]23.S ignhasbecomeascientific(1)T hestudyof[a.ofalanguage](2)T hepresentgrowing[c.forthedeaf](3)A ccordingtostoke[b.agenuinelanguage](4)M osteducators[d.ofspeechsounds](5)S tokoe’sargument[d.ofthebrain]24.I tishardtotrackthebluewhale(1)T hepassage[a.detectionsystem](2)T heunderwater[d.enemyvessels](3)T hedeep-sea[d.transmittingsound](4)I tcanbe[b.civilianuse](5)W hichofthe[b.civilianscientists]25.Y ouneverseethem,but(1)W hatdoes[d.anairplane](2)W hatinformation[a.causeofthecrash](3)W hywastheblack[c.inthecrash](4)W hydid[c.easilyidentifiable](5)W hatdoweknow[a.beingrecovered]26.N ewtechnologylinkstheworld(1)W hatis[d.positive](2)W iththeincreased[c.overseasbusiness](3)I nthepassage[c.whenabroad](4)A ccordingtothepassage[b.client’slanguage](5)T headvantageof[a.negotiationprocess]27.A properlydesignedelectrical(1)W henthereis[a.producedangerousheat](2)W antwillcircuit[c.supplyimmediately](3)W hat’sthefuction[d.toothercircuits](4)T hroughelectrical[c.meteroutside](5)H owdoseacircuit[b.limitexceed]28.E veyhourthesunbeams(1)F ormthefirst[d.atechnology](2)W hatisthepercentage[c.lessthanonethousandth](3)W herecan[b.onrooftops](4)I nsolarthermal[b.heatsource](5)B ywhat[a.bymoveablemirrors]29.R esearcherssaypeopletraveling(1)T hemain[a.pollutedair](2)T hosewho[d.inacar](3)W hichofthe[d.fromvehicles](4)P eopleliving[d.lungdiseases](5)W hichof[c.heartattacks]30.C ongratulaitions.youdecisionto(1)O nwhat[c.quitsmoking](2)T hepurposeof[a.upsmoking](3)W herecan[c.association](4)W hichofthe[b.aroundyou](5)W hatisthe[d.reviewthem]31.U nwantedsound,ornoise,such(1)N oisepollution[b.lowerproductivity](2)W hichofthe[c.ofsound](3)W hereis[d.inairports](4)W hichsound[a.15000hertz](5)W hatmethod[c.earprotection]32.A smartgridincorporates(1)W hatcancustomers[d.andpattern](2)O neofthe[c.sellenergy](3)W hatcanlarger[d.demandevents](4)W hatcanasmart[a.consumptionwisely](5)W hichofthefollowing[a.introductionsmartgrid] 33.I neconomicterms,electricity(1)A nelectricity[b.sellelectricity](2)W hatistheprice[a.anddemand](3)W howillbe[b.marketoperators](4)T herestructuringof[d.gasmarkets](5)W hyis[a.topowerpricing]34.L argeairportswithlotsof(1)S everallanguages[d.internationalairports](2)H owarethe[d.arein](3)W hichairportcan[c.seatac](4)W hichofthe[a.maysufferjetlag](5)I fyouleave[b.andfound]35.E verybodyinthecityusesmobile(1)M obilephones[c.farawayplaces](2)W hatdowe[c.touse](3)W hichofthefollowingtranslations[b.aftertomorrow](4)W hydoesthewriter[c.itisuse](5)W hichofthefollowingisture[c.mobilephones]36.I nourcountry,thepowergrid(1)I nourcountry[b.+0.5hz](2)I nthepowergrid[b.+60s](3)T herunningof[d.anACsingle-phasesynchronousmotor](4)I nthepowergridwithacapacityof3000MW[a.50+0.2hz](5)T heprimary[c.50+0.1hz]37.A lltheusefulenergyatthesurface(1)T hesunisthe[c.atomicpower](2)R adiantenergy[a.plants](3)T hesun’senergy[c.water](4)T helargestpartof[b.atmosphere](5)O fthesun’stotal[d.smallportion]38.T hemarketisaconcept.(1)W hichofthefollowing[b.whatisthemarket](2)A llof[c.anightschool](3)Y ouarebuying[atarestaurant](4)T heword[d.concrete](5)I nwhatway[a.toproduce]39.N owadaysmoreandmorepeople(1)W hichofthe[d.money](2)A ccordingto[b.lesscrowded](3)L ittlecars[a.dailylife](4)A littlecaris[a.onethirdthesizeof](5)L argecars[d.purpose]40.T hetransmissionandtransformationof(1)T hefunction[a.theelectricpower](2)I nourcountry,what[d.110kvand220kv](3)I nourcountry,thespecified[c.theline…..effectivevalue](4)W hatis[d.theultra-highvoltage](5)I nourcountry,thevoltage[b.andabove]41.T hescienceofmeteorologyisconcerned(1)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.approaches…](2)T hepredictions[b.weathermaps](3)W hichofthefollowingisnot[d.sports](4)T heauthor[b.lifeandproperty](5)I nthelast[c.physics]42.A friendofmine,inresponse(1)T heauthor[c.wasunfair](2)S urrenderingto[d.perfectthings](3)T hesecond[c.tothelife](4)I nthelast[c.befair](5)F ormthe[a.positive]43.T hecauseofthedeclineofnorth(1)W hatdopeople[c.climaticfactors](2)T hemain[b.innorthafrica](3)W hichof[b.offorests](4)I ncreasein[b.init](5)F ormthis[a.favorable]44.I tishardtotrackthebulewhale(1)T hepassage[a.system](2)T heunderwater[d.vessels](3)T hedeep-sea[d.sound](4)I tcanbe[e](5)W hichof[b.scientists]。

国家电网专业技术人员电力英语水平考试说明及复习题范围一、考试形式考试采取人机对话方式进行，试卷全部由客观题组成。

试卷分为A、B、C三级，各级别题型相同。

题目由题库中随机抽取，总分为100分，考试时间为2小时。

具体上机操作流程可观看“上机视频教程”。

（如不能正常打开观看，可选择其他播放器进行播放）二、考试内容及结构三、考题范围1、单项选择（教程P263—P298，共600题）考试需关注：（300题）Section6、Section7、Section8、Section12 、Section13、Section14、Section15、Section18、Section19、Section20、2、短文判断（教程P302—P315，共15篇）考试需关注：（7篇）Passage1、Passage6、Passage9、Passage12、Passage13、Passage14、Passage15、3、补全短文（教程P317—P326，共20篇）考试需关注：（6篇）Passage1、Passage2、Passage6、Passage7、Passage12、Passage154、阅读理解（教程P328—P360，共30篇）考试需关注：（16篇）Passage5、Passage6、Passage7、Passage8、Passage9、Passage10 、Passage16、Passage17、Passage18、Passage19、Passage20 、Passage21 、Passage23 、Passage25 、Passage27、Passage29、四、答题技巧1、单项选择：本项内容所划范围较宽，书中没有译文，所以一定要理解全句内容，并牢记选项单词。

因为考题范围中题目选项顺序会发生变化，一定不可只记“A、B、C、D”。

注：在同一考场中每位考生的考题顺序有可能不同。

2、短文判断：*最理想状态为真正理解文章及题意进行答题；*其次可按照问题在文章中查找同样句子进行判断；*如对段落主题意思进行判断，则要通读并联系上下文进行答题；*实在不会，也不要有空白项，二选一的得分率是50%。

2012年6月国家电网公司电力英语水平考试范围样题及答案Section 1 单项选择1. John’s sudden death was a great blow to his mother and it took her a long time to the grief.A. come acrossB. put outC. go roundD. get over2. Teachers in the college.A. are trained; trainingB. train; trainingC. are trained; trainedD. train; trained3. The naughty boy is , and he is to his parents.A. trouble; troubleB. troublesome; troubleC. troublesome; a great troubleD. a trouble; a troublesome4. Accuracy is to the programming of computers.A. elementalB. elementaryC. fundamentalD. characteristic5. it is not easy to oneself of a bad habit.A. purityB. dismissC. releaseD. ridSection 2 短文判断Passage 1Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even to life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It cannot be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it exists all around us. There are other things like that. Radio waves are all around us but we cannot detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we cannot sense radioactivity without a radio detector. But unlike common radio waves, unclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and otherthings.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hurt anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can receive radiation and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten or twenty years later as a result.1.The mystery about nuclear radiation may come from the fact that it cannot bedetected by human senses.A. RightB. Wrong2. We cannot sense radio activity without a radio receiver.A. RightB. Wrong3. Common radio waves are harmless to human beings and other things.A. RightB. Wrong4. Even at the lowest levels, radiation will cause cancer by killing the healthy cells.A. RightB. Wrong5. Victims of nuclear radiation may die of cancer years later.A. RightB. WrongSection C 补全短文Passage 1Many large cities are now anything but beautiful. Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1 ).If people want to solve the problem of waste, (2). They must work out ways of making use of good things which are just thrown away as waste. When a car gets too old, it may not run any more. But the metal that the car was made of is still good. (3). when a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave roads. Garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to fish out all the glass and metal.Furthermore, Garbage can also be a good source for making building blocks, which are then covered with concrete. Now, (4). Some day, people will watch films in a great cinema which has been built out of garbage. Future buildings, roads, and cities maybe made from garbage. But so far, (5).A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. It can be put to use again.E. more and more machines are designed for this purposeSection D 阅读理解Passage 1Holidays in the United States usually occur at least once a month. Most months have a national holiday that has been arranged to be celebrated on a Monday. The holidays have all been decided to be celebrated on a Monday so that the workers may have 3-day weekends ----that is, Saturday, Sunday and Monday in order to rest or travel or do things with their families. Major holidays in the United States such as New Year’s Day or Christmas Day or the day, when we remember the first settle rs of the United States, called Thanksgiving Day are celebrated all over the country. During these holidays most businesses close and the workers stay home and celebrate with their families.Vacation can be from 2 weeks a year to 4 weeks a year. This usually depends on how long you’ve been working for a company, what type of position you have,whether you have a very high position or a very important position and it’s difficult to find someone to replace you. In this case, you might take a few days at a time rather than taking one month all at once. Usually the more time you spend working for a company, the more time you may get for a vacation.1. The government of the United States makes it a rule for workers to have a weekend almost once a month.A. 1-dayB. 2-dayC. 3-dayD. 4-day2. Workers in the United States sometimes work from .A. Monday to SaturdayB. Tuesday to SundayC. Thursday to FridayD. Tuesday to Friday3. Which statement is NOT true according to this passage?A. Only a few shops remain open on New Year’s Day.B. Most of the workers needn’t work on Christmas Day.C. Days on vacation must be more than all the holidays in a year.D. All the workers have a half-month vacation.4. The reason why someone has to divide his vacation into several parts is that .A. no one can be found to take his placeB. he hasn’t a most high positionC. he plays an important role in his workD. he hasn’t been working for his company for a long time5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Holidays in the United States.B. Vacation in the United States.C. How Do the Workers Spend Their Holidays.D. Something About the Holidays and Vacation in the U.S..答案：Section A: D A C C DSection B: A B A B ASection C: C A D E BSection D: C D D A D附：section c 翻译许多大城市也绝对不是漂亮。

1.Automatic regulation of boiler drum ...1 regulator( the drum level is keopt ..).....2 available ( it is a one ...).....3 The steam temperature( the superheater outlet ...)4 The reheater .....if necessary , ( a small quantity of water ..)......5 Additionally , ( by the water spraying ).....2.A sudden change in the configuration1 caused (by the operation of)2 general (determine the ).Limitating3 both (the cost of ).4 occur (at both opening ).if5 limited (by means of circuit breaker ).3.Advanced Distribution Automation is a term .1 grid.( the electrical power grid) is typically2. and ( distribution systems)......3. operate ( at lower voltages) .....4. unable( to control smaller entities ) ....5. systems ( for a number of reasons ) .4.According to the mode of energy 1 hydraulic( nuclear ,wind , solarn )...2 power and( supplies power to)3 but also ( supplies steam to the)4 long term ;( fuel supply ..)5 in a( newly scheduled ..)5. A vegetarian diet is ofen 1 . heart disease and(a lower risk of diabetes) than people2.diet,(not just for health),but also3.(they believe a vegan diet )can bedeficient4.Know that (it is important to takecare of their bodies),and to use theearth’s5.Understand that(to helpenvironment)and for the human6.customer service1 The american .respect ( from thevery ..)2 ask ( how much items cost )...3 When customers are ready ..they( have paid for ).....4 In america , customer service ..long( after the sale ) ...5 back. ( the customer ) will.7.circuit breakers areautomatically1 required(to control electrical )by2 able (to switch the )to many3 upon(to perform anyswitching )without4 is (of the highest) of5 importance(of the circuitbreaker)cannot8.Electrical energy conseravation1 methods for (reducing energyconsumption can be undertaken athome)2 companies(making use ofaltemative clean enetgy sources)3 to the atmosphere(contributing toclimate change)4 or(turning the thermostat up in thesummer and down in the winter)5 People(looking for otheropportunities for clectrical energyconservation in the home)9.Electrical energy1 phenomena such as(static electricity)2 store the(electrical charge) for late;3 The concept of (elctrical energy)is4 (Altemating current )occurs when;5 (Electrical potential)is essential10.Electric power is a mostconvenient1 At the present time(the lack ofelectricity)2 people that (its unavailability)3 lead to (social disorder ,) with4 and(its growth rate)is much greater5Now (high electric powerconsumption per capita)11.Electricity in a remote location1)paradigm for (moving electricityaround) in developed countries2)usually located (near a source ofwater),and away from3)voltage at (which it connects).The4)boundaries until(it reaches itswholesale coustomer)5)upon arrival (at the servicelocation)12.For many years ,Solar Energy1).is required(at remote locations)2)(The great benefit of solar energy)is that it is highly3)used to (power environmental andsituation monitoring equipment) and4)that links the PV(with a small dieselgenerator)5)illuminate signs or (advertisingboards)13.Fule cells are devices thatwhen1 current,(there is no ).these2 and (further development ).such3 but (as they are being developed )to4 2.5V,(many cells are )and5 to (supply alternating )when14.in( )such as USA ,japan and european1 in (some advanced countries) such2 has (great advantages) .as3 the (subcritical once-through boiler),there4 a(good homogenizationof ).so5 if(whole process ),both15.Many people think of1 power system(sustainable)2 One of(the best known is photovoltaic cells)3 They are extremely(inefficient)4 system,(the collected energy is used to heat a fluid),which then passes5 far more(efficient)and is able to retain16.Many people dislike walking to1 checks.(they are dissatisfied with)their bank’s limited hours 2)banking (from the comfort of their own home)3)Business (through their home computers),this process is called4)Branches,(customers can view)all their accounts,5)on products(such as credit cards).customers 17. Many large cities are anythingbut beautifui1 however,(there is still something).2 waste,(there is no time ).they3 good,(it can be ).when4 now (more and more ).some day5 But so far.(building beautiful ).18. reliable and affordable energysupply1 The necessity of reliable and ...in( developing countries ) are ...2 day ( there are ..)3 Decentralized stand-alone systemsby ...( renewable energy systems in ..)4 are ( highly reliable )5 The large number ...arise. ( for thisreason ),...19. Solar energy is lauded1 Solar energy is lauded as an ...( likesatellites in) and cabins deep in2 power .downtown ( buildings andfuturistic cars)3 a storage device. ( such as abattery),and cloudy weather4 land area ( to collect the sun’s).5 ,and the ( united states )are major20.solar energy is lauded as an ....1 places ( like ..) and.....2 downtown ( buildings and ..)3 But solar .....device (such as ..)4 area ( to collect ..)....5 Despite the drawbacks, ...and the( united states ) are.....21.something about dictionary“ look it up in the dictionary “ isthe ...1 Until a few hundred years ago ,.( butit was not ...)2 ( each time ..) the latest )3 ( dictionaries that list ..)the huge ....4 ( general dictionaries are not ..) abilingual ....5.( thus there..) the .....22.Smart Grid is also called1)in grid (design ,operation,andcommunication).customers are2)can better(manage their energyuse)and reduce3)communication(it also providesopportunities)to wisely manage4)operation,(reducing outages andcascading ),and enabling5)A Smart grid(can be amechanism)for achieving23.the weather in winter can bevery cold1 then.(they can sleep ).for2 spring.(we call this ).3 more.(hibernating animals ).their4 sleep (so they don’t ).5 their sleep.(as it gets).24.The function of ( ) is to send1 of (power transmission) is2 between (power network) power3 substations,(step-down substationsand ).the4 the (transmission at high voltage)can5 of (power networks). The25.The body that is nearest1 moon.(it circles the ).this2 path or orbit.(a satellite stays ) .3 objects.(the bigger and heaviera ).the4 (to get out into space we ).there5 Mars.(artificial satellite can be ).26.the secondary equipments in1 are (the equipments that ),measuring2 and (the equipments that).the3 and (current values in )are4 and (5A rated ).the5 voltages,(50V rated ),0.5A27.The high voltage power line through1 is(transmitted from power )is2 is (the power line that )to3 of (the overhead )refer4 pollution,(lightning frequently),the5 called (large spanning ).28.The aim of introducing market1 it needs (a wholesale market)2、needs(a retail market)where3、Participants need(to agree on tuhe price and quantity to bie traded)4、are free (to choose electricity suppliers)5、he will need (to register as a market customer)29.There are numerous examples1 dollars in(the research and development)2 between(the fake and real items)3 of (new chemicals)4 been treated as(the intellectual property)5 any other (physical property)30.Temperature, pressure,...1 used ( parameters of the ..)2 Heat expansion refers to ...with( the rise in temperature)3 of ( external forces)4 There are three ...( heat transfer ）5 The first law of ...( internal enerrgy )of ...31.The American idea ofcustomer service.1 with respect(from the verybeginning).when2.to ask (how much items cost)3.After they (have paid for )their4.Long (after the sale ). Many5.Back.(the customer servicerepresentative)32.The most important pumps in apower plant are feed -water1 The role of feed-water( itpressurizes .and transports the.)....2 Following methods ...( motorfrequency conversion speedregulation ) ...3 The principle of ...( two of them are .for normal operation).....4 provided , also.,.( three sets of .....)5 The demand on the mounting.(.it must be ). To avoid ...33.The necessity of reliable and1 households in(developingcountries)are not connected to2.each day(there are morepeople)without electricity3.Show that (renewable energysystems in particular)are very ofen4.They are(highly reliable)5.Arise .(for thisreason) ,governmental34.wind power iscost-effective.1)it is (one of the lowest-cost)2)a low -cost fuel(in many areas of thecountry)3)resources,(like wind power),are also4)(wind power plant owners)make rent5)united states (were estimated to)total$222。

Passage1 Functions of power transmission输电的功能——P45The function of C：power transmission is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between E：power networks. Power transmission is completed by step-up substations, A：step-down substations and connected transmission equipment.The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (cables),poles or towers, insulators, overhead ground wires, and grounding devices. The D：transmission at high voltage can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop, ensure the power quality, raise the economy of B：power network operation.The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop, and improve the voltage quality.C：动力传递的功能是将来自发电厂的电力输送到负载中心或进行电网之间的电力交换，以达到发电和用电或E：电网之间的供需平衡。

补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmission CEADBThe function of (1) is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange 。

A. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventing CEABDThe misopemti on that can lead to (1) mai nly are :① on-load switch ing of isolat ing switch ；A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantages BDEACIn (1) such as U.S.A ，Japan and European countries ，the supercritical 。

1.Automatic regulation of boiler drum ...1 regulator( the drum level is keopt ..).....2 available ( it is a one ...).....3 The steam temperature( the superheater outlet ...)4 The reheater .....if necessary , ( a small quantity of water ..)......5 Additionally , ( by the water spraying ).....2.A sudden change in the configuration1 caused (by the operation of)2 general (determine the ).Limitating3 both (the cost of ).4 occur (at both opening ).if5 limited (by means of circuit breaker ).3.Advanced Distribution Automation is a term .1 grid.( the electrical power grid) is typically2. and ( distribution systems)......3. operate ( at lower voltages) .....4. unable( to control smaller entities ) ....5. systems ( for a number of reasons ) .4.According to the mode of energy 1 hydraulic( nuclear ,wind , solarn )...2 power and( supplies power to)3 but also ( supplies steam to the)4 long term ;( fuel supply ..)5 in a( newly scheduled ..)5. A vegetarian diet is ofen 1 . heart disease and(a lower risk of diabetes) than people2.diet,(not just for health),but also3.(they believe a vegan diet )can bedeficient4.Know that (it is important to takecare of their bodies),and to use theearth’s5.Understand that(to helpenvironment)and for the human6.customer service1 The american .respect ( from thevery ..)2 ask ( how much items cost )...3 When customers are ready ..they( have paid for ).....4 In america , customer service ..long( after the sale ) ...5 back. ( the customer ) will.7.circuit breakers areautomatically1 required(to control electrical )by2 able (to switch the )to many3 upon(to perform anyswitching )without4 is (of the highest) of5 importance(of the circuitbreaker)cannot8.Electrical energy conseravation1 methods for (reducing energyconsumption can be undertaken athome)2 companies(making use ofaltemative clean enetgy sources)3 to the atmosphere(contributing toclimate change)4 or(turning the thermostat up in thesummer and down in the winter)5 People(looking for otheropportunities for clectrical energyconservation in the home)9.Electrical energy1 phenomena such as(static electricity)2 store the(electrical charge) for late;3 The concept of (elctrical energy)is4 (Altemating current )occurs when;5 (Electrical potential)is essential10.Electric power is a mostconvenient1 At the present time(the lack ofelectricity)2 people that (its unavailability)3 lead to (social disorder ,) with4 and(its growth rate)is much greater5Now (high electric powerconsumption per capita)11.Electricity in a remote location1)paradigm for (moving electricityaround) in developed countries2)usually located (near a source ofwater),and away from3)voltage at (which it connects).The4)boundaries until(it reaches itswholesale coustomer)5)upon arrival (at the servicelocation)12.For many years ,Solar Energy1).is required(at remote locations)2)(The great benefit of solar energy)is that it is highly3)used to (power environmental andsituation monitoring equipment) and4)that links the PV(with a small dieselgenerator)5)illuminate signs or (advertisingboards)13.Fule cells are devices thatwhen1 current,(there is no ).these2 and (further development ).such3 but (as they are being developed )to4 2.5V,(many cells are )and5 to (supply alternating )when14.in( )such as USA ,japan and european1 in (some advanced countries) such2 has (great advantages) .as3 the (subcritical once-through boiler),there4 a(good homogenizationof ).so5 if(whole process ),both15.Many people think of1 power system(sustainable)2 One of(the best known is photovoltaic cells)3 They are extremely(inefficient)4 system,(the collected energy is used to heat a fluid),which then passes5 far more(efficient)and is able to retain16.Many people dislike walking to1 checks.(they are dissatisfied with)their bank’s limited hours 2)banking (from the comfort of their own home)3)Business (through their home computers),this process is called4)Branches,(customers can view)all their accounts,5)on products(such as credit cards).customers 17. Many large cities are anythingbut beautifui1 however,(there is still something).2 waste,(there is no time ).they3 good,(it can be ).when4 now (more and more ).some day5 But so far.(building beautiful ).18. reliable and affordable energysupply1 The necessity of reliable and ...in( developing countries ) are ...2 day ( there are ..)3 Decentralized stand-alone systemsby ...( renewable energy systems in ..)4 are ( highly reliable )5 The large number ...arise. ( for thisreason ),...19. Solar energy is lauded1 Solar energy is lauded as an ...( likesatellites in) and cabins deep in2 power .downtown ( buildings andfuturistic cars)3 a storage device. ( such as abattery),and cloudy weather4 land area ( to collect the sun’s).5 ,and the ( united states )are major20.solar energy is lauded as an ....1 places ( like ..) and.....2 downtown ( buildings and ..)3 But solar .....device (such as ..)4 area ( to collect ..)....5 Despite the drawbacks, ...and the( united states ) are.....21.something about dictionary“ look it up in the dictionary “ isthe ...1 Until a few hundred years ago ,.( butit was not ...)2 ( each time ..) the latest )3 ( dictionaries that list ..)the huge ....4 ( general dictionaries are not ..) abilingual ....5.( thus there..) the .....22.Smart Grid is also called1)in grid (design ,operation,andcommunication).customers are2)can better(manage their energyuse)and reduce3)communication(it also providesopportunities)to wisely manage4)operation,(reducing outages andcascading ),and enabling5)A Smart grid(can be amechanism)for achieving23.the weather in winter can bevery cold1 then.(they can sleep ).for2 spring.(we call this ).3 more.(hibernating animals ).their4 sleep (so they don’t ).5 their sleep.(as it gets).24.The function of ( ) is to send1 of (power transmission) is2 between (power network) power3 substations,(step-down substationsand ).the4 the (transmission at high voltage)can5 of (power networks). The25.The body that is nearest1 moon.(it circles the ).this2 path or orbit.(a satellite stays ) .3 objects.(the bigger and heaviera ).the4 (to get out into space we ).there5 Mars.(artificial satellite can be ).26.the secondary equipments in1 are (the equipments that ),measuring2 and (the equipments that).the3 and (current values in )are4 and (5A rated ).the5 voltages,(50V rated ),0.5A27.The high voltage power line through1 is(transmitted from power )is2 is (the power line that )to3 of (the overhead )refer4 pollution,(lightning frequently),the5 called (large spanning ).28.The aim of introducing market1 it needs (a wholesale market)2、needs(a retail market)where3、Participants need(to agree on tuhe price and quantity to bie traded)4、are free (to choose electricity suppliers)5、he will need (to register as a market customer)29.There are numerous examples1 dollars in(the research and development)2 between(the fake and real items)3 of (new chemicals)4 been treated as(the intellectual property)5 any other (physical property)30.Temperature, pressure,...1 used ( parameters of the ..)2 Heat expansion refers to ...with( the rise in temperature)3 of ( external forces)4 There are three ...( heat transfer ）5 The first law of ...( internal enerrgy )of ...31.The American idea ofcustomer service.1 with respect(from the verybeginning).when2.to ask (how much items cost)3.After they (have paid for )their4.Long (after the sale ). Many5.Back.(the customer servicerepresentative)32.The most important pumps in apower plant are feed -water1 The role of feed-water( itpressurizes .and transports the.)....2 Following methods ...( motorfrequency conversion speedregulation ) ...3 The principle of ...( two of them are .for normal operation).....4 provided , also.,.( three sets of .....)5 The demand on the mounting.(.it must be ). To avoid ...33.The necessity of reliable and1 households in(developingcountries)are not connected to2.each day(there are morepeople)without electricity3.Show that (renewable energysystems in particular)are very ofen4.They are(highly reliable)5.Arise .(for thisreason) ,governmental34.wind power iscost-effective.1)it is (one of the lowest-cost)2)a low -cost fuel(in many areas of thecountry)3)resources,(like wind power),are also4)(wind power plant owners)make rent5)united states (were estimated to)total$222。

国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试题库答案〔第二版单项选择Section11.The orange is too high on the tree.It’s out ofmy reach<伸出手>.I need someone to helpme.2.The city is named after famous president.<这个城市是著名的总统名字命名的>named after短语"命名"3.It took millions of people several years tobuild the Great Wall.4.I have always considered<考虑过的/认为> you my best friend.5.If I take this medicine twice a day, it shouldcure<治愈>my cold..如果我服用此药,一天两次,就应该治愈我的感冒6.It is considerate考虑周到的of you toturn down the radio while your sister is stillill in bed.这是体贴你调低收音机,你的妹妹还在床上生病。

7.It’s not quite certain 肯定that he will bepresent at the meeting.这不是肯定的是,他将出席会议8.It was natural <自然>that he count<计算>the days before going home.9.when she saw the clouds<乌去密布> shewent back to house to fetch<取> herumbrella<伞>.10.The metals which we find in the earthinclude<包括> iron , lead and copper.在我们地球上发现金属包括有铁,铅和铜11.Your hair needs to be cut<剪> ;would youlike me to do it for you..12.It was difficult难to guess猜测what herreaction反应to the news消息would be.13.Contrary相反to your prediction预言,they lost the game..14.We say that a person has good manners ifhe or she is polite , kind and helpful toothers.我们说一个人具有良好的风度,如果他或她是有礼貌,善良和乐于助人。

模拟试题一Part I.单选(45%)1.There’s something wrong with the thermometer. Don’t worry . I’ll make it works 。

2.Now people can learn huge amounts of information from the computer。

3.The expert you saw at the liaison meeting is a friend of mine 。

4.You have worked more carefully this week, for there are few mistakes in your calculation 。

5.Although the three workers got very tired in repairing the boiler, none of them would give it up。

6.Now computers can work out problems much faster than human beings。

7.There is too much cream on the cake。

8.Don’t worry. It is not difficult for us to treat the fault。

9.Ms, Chang doesn’t look well today . What is wrong with her?10.I’d like to lend you my electrical engineering handbook, but you’d better not lend it to others。

11.I think English is quite different from Chinese。

12.— Excuse me, is this the way to Shanghai power Company?—No, I’m afraid it isn’t 。

补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmission CEADB The function of (1) is to send power fromA. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2Substation misoperation and its preventing CEABDThe misopemtion that can lead to (1)A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantages BDEAC In (1) such as U.S.A，Japan and EuropeanA. good homogenization of distributionB. some advanced countriesC. whole process management is strengthenedD. great advantages oil economy and environmental protectionE. subcritical once-through boilerPassage 4 Steam generation and use BEADCSteam is one of man’s dependable servants More and more in the background，steam is doing more and more work for man. In (1)A. first generating steamB. an electrically heated homeC. use of steam for electric power generationD. the new generating capacity being installedE. the fuel is uranium and the heat is suppliedPassage 5 Circuit breaker BDAECCircuit breakers are automatically operated high voltage (or high current) switches. Circuit breakers are required (1)A· to perform any switching operation after long periodsB. to control electrical power networksC. of the circuit breakerD. to switch the current which can be from a few amperesE. of the highest importance for high reliabilityPassage 6 The ratio of distance to height of pumped-storage power plant BDACEFor pumped-storage power plant, generally the ratio of distance to height (l),A. is most economicB. is used to evaluate topographic condition of power plantC. is not desirableD. is the ratio of horizontal distance between upper and low reservoirE. is the bestPassage 7 Fuel cells BAECDFuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen are supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional batteryA . further development is under wayB. there is no storage capacity in a fuel cellC. many cells are operated in series to obtain voltagesD. supply alternating current from fuel cellsE. as they are being developed there have been some applicationsPassage 8 Substations pace into the Digital Age CAEBDSubstations constitute the main part of power transmission and distribution in a power grid. The substations (1)A. substation automation technology has reached a certain levelB. simulation training technology for substation operationC. composed of a large number of primary and secondary equipmentsD. a full-digital automation systemE. all of which has become an indisputable factPassage 9 Overcoming the Problem of Waste CADEBMany large cities are anything but beautiful Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1) ．A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. it can be put to use againE. more and more machines are designed for this purposePassage 10 Hibernation EBDACThe weather in winter. Call be very cold. Some animals sleep during the winter, for it's difficult for them to find food then. (1)A. So they don’t need to worry about bad weather and other dangerous animalsB. We call this kind of sleep in wintertime “hibernation’’C. As it gets warmer and warmer in spring，the sleeping animals begin to wake up and look around for foodD. Hibernating animals don’t need to eat much because they don’t moveE. They can sleep for a long timePassage 11 Satellites BDACEThe body that is neatest to the Earth is the moon. (1).A. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravityB. It circles the Earth and is therefore know as a satellite of the EarthC. To get out into space we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pullD. A satellite stays in orbit because the planet gravitational force keeps pulling it into a circleE. Artificial satellite can be used for various purposesPassage 12 Secondary equipment in power system BDEACThe secondary equipments in power system are (1)A. 5A rated current of the current transformer secondary windingB. the equipments that provide protecting，monitoringC. 50V rated voltage of PT secondary sideD. the equipments that send the command signalsE. current values in secondary system Passage 13 Switching overvoltage EABCDA sudden change in the configuration of transmission network caused (1)A. determine the insulation requirements of transmission linesB. the cost of transmission and 1ine failure rateC. at both opening and closing of circuit breakersD. by means of circuit breaker closing resistor in 500kV systemE. by the operation of a circuit breakerPassage 14 Transmission line and distribution line ADBCEThe high voltage power line through which power is (1)A. transmitted from power plant’s step-up substation to step-down substationB. the overhead transmission lineC. lightning frequently happening and heavy rainingD. the power line that transmits the power from step-down substationE. 1arge spanning line sectionPassage 15 Transformer insulation CEABDThe insulation of a transformer can be categorized into internal insulation and external insulation. (1)A. The main insulation materials inside transformer are transformer oilB. The degradation of insulating properties of insulation materials under long period of influenceC. The internal insulation refers to the insulation of various parts inside the oil tankD．If the winding temperature is within the scope of 80～140 o CE. The main insulation refers to the insulation between windings and grounding parts and the insulation between windingsPassage 16 The electricity market BDAECThe aim of introducing market mechanism is to bring various parties more economic benefit through equitable competition，thereby promote economic development. Like other markets, it needs (1)A. to agree on the price and quantity to be tradedB. a wholesale marketC. to register as a market customerD. a retail marketE. to choose electricity suppliersPassage 17 Electric power CBDAEElectric power is a most convenient，clean，safe，and useful form of energy which supplies the major portion of energy needs of a modem society At the present time (1)A. its growth rateB. its unavailabilityC. the lack of electricity (a blackout)D. social disorder, and even national tragedyE. high electric power consumption per capitaPassage 18 Copyright piracy BDAECThere are numerous examples of what has become known as copyright piracy. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, recently introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company invested millions of dollars in (1)A. new chemicalsB. the research and developmentC. physical propertyD. the fake and real itemsE. the intellectual propertyPassage 19 Electrical energy DEBACElectrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. The energy portion of electricity is found in a variety of phenomena such as (1)A. Alternating currentB. electrical energyC. Electrical potentialD. static electricityE. electrical chargePassage 20 Solar energy ADBCEMany people think of alternative solar energy as a new technology, but humans have been using this process to heat homes and baths for thousands of years.A. sustainableB. inefficientC. the collected energy is used to heat a fluidD. the best known is photovoltaic cellsE. efficient Passage 21 Electrical energy conservation CDEAB Electrical energy conservation refers to the process of reducing energy used through various means. Many of these methods for (1)A. turning the thermostat up in the summer and down in the winterB. looking for other opportunities for electrical energy conservation in the homeC. reducing energy consumption can be undertaken at homeD. making use of alternative clean energy sourcesE. contributing to climate changePassage 1 CDBEANowadays, scientists are working hard to make deserts into useful land again. They make efforts to bring water to the desert( C ). Unluckily, more and more land is becoming deserts. This is because people are doing bad things to the earth.A. There is still a long way to go for scientists to turn the desert into good land.B. They are very important to dry placesC. so that people can live and grow food thereD. even though these places don’t have much rainE. Besides, they won’t let the wind blow the dirt away.Passage 2 CBEADTemperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy are the most commonly used ( C ) in the thermodynamics.A. heat transferB．the rise in temperatureC．parameters of the mediumD．internal energyE．external forcesPassage 1 EABCD( E ) Here are three important rules( A )Reduce. ( B ) Big cities always consume a lot of water in daily life. To save water, people in some families may first use the same water to wash clothes and then to flush the toilet.A. Their key words all begin with the 1etter “R”.B. If you want to reduce waste. you must use thingswisely.C. You must always think of reusing things before throwing them out.D. The metal stuff can be made into new coke cans.E. It’s important to protect our environment.Passage 2 BCADEAccording to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, ( B ), geothermal, tide power plants, and so on.A. supplies steam to the userB. nuclear, wind, solarC. supplies power to usersD. Fuel supply and ash disposalE. newly scheduled power plantPassage 1 BDACEThe most important pumps in a power plant are feed-water pumps and condensate pumps, etc.The role of feed-water pump in a power plant is that ( B ) from de-aerator water storage tank toA. three sets of motor-driven pumps are acceptableB. it must be located at 0.5m-0.8m below the hot-wellC. two of them are fur normal operationD. Motor frequency conversion speed regulation；E. it pressurizes and transports the higher temperature de-aerated waterPassage 2 CEBADAutomatic regulation of boiler dram water level means that by the feed water automatic regulator, ( C ).A. a small quantity of water spraying can be adopted.B. The superheater outlet steam temperature is regulated by the injection of desuperheating water.C. the dram level is kept within a set rangeD. by the water sprayingE. It is a one element regulating system at that time。

阅读理解1. Wind energy has numerous benefits(1) The reason for[ out](2) Why is wind[ pollution](3) Which of the following statements[ locations](4) Which of the following is one[ maintenance](5) The cost of[ wind]2. Strange thing happens to time(1) The best title] world](2) The difference[ hour](3) Form this[ zones](4) The international[ begins](5) If you cross [ hours]3. As a clean and renewable energy(1) What， s the feature[ source](2) Before installingE be done](3) According to the[ phone masts](4) Which of following is[ pollution]（5）Which of the following statements[ turbines]4. Doctors have known forDoctors have[ noise]This passage[ be…• more than one second](3) According to this[ worse](4) Millions of[ aspirin](5) The purpose[•••. from loudnoises]5. Cell phones are not just distracting(1) Many people[ closed](2) What will happen[ influenced](3) What do childrenE and night](4) Why do childrent cell phones](5) The author[ sometimes]6. In our present life everything isMany things[ signals]Which of following is[ quickly]Doctors can use [ diseases]Which of the following statements[ computers]What is the[' s life];comes to the advantagesFor a companys business[ process]What is the purpose[ source]What is a step[ design]Who is needed[developer expertise]What does specialized[] 8・ Not every purchase goes as planned7・ When (5)(1) When making [ person]⑵What should[]⑶What should be[]⑷What does the[ complaints]⑸What method[ network]9. When most people think of scuba⑴Usually most[ waters]⑵How can divers[ first]⑶What is the[ than in other waters]⑷Why can some[ warm]⑸What can be[ tubes of ice]10・People appear to be born to computeT⑴What does] children]⑵Form the passage[ and walk]⑶In this passage[]⑷According to[‘ t think]⑸Which of the[ easily]11・ A new technology is going to ripe⑴As is indicated[ development]⑵The new technology[ the word]⑶What does the[]⑷Form the passage[ technology](5) Which of the[：a new technology]12. Online banks revolutionized brick-and-mortar(1) What should[ phones](2) One of advantages oft banks](3) If you lose you[ phone](4) Which of the[ account](5) What' s the[ banking]13. All the useful energy at the surface of(1) The sun is[ power](2) Radiant energy[](3) The sun' s energy[](4) The largest part】's atmosphere](5) Of the sun' s total[ portion]14> The market is a concept(1) Which of the followingE market](2) All of the[ school](3) You are buying[ restaurant](4) The word []（5）In what way[ produce]15. Business development(BD) is(1) What is the final[ opportunities](2) Why is a strong[ succeed]If a football[ concerned]（4） What is important[ the departments]What is the passage[ development]16. "Body clocks" are biological（1） According to[a. " body clock"]Irregular signs[ illnesses]（3） We tend to[ then]（4） The author[ night]According to the[ time]17. 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Seratchy throats ，stuffy noses（1） According to the author[ illness]（2） We learn form[ a cold or the flu]According to the passage[ disease] ⑵⑶⑷⑸(4)Which of the[ high temperature](5)If children have[ aspirin]23. Sign has become a scientific⑴The study of[ a language]⑵The present growing[ the deaf]⑶According to stoke[ genuine language]⑷Most educators[ speech sounds]⑸Stokoe^ s argument[ the brain]24. It is hard to track the blue whale⑴The passage[ system]⑵The underwater[ vessels]⑶The deep-sea[ sound]⑷It can bet use]⑸Which of the[ scientists]25. You never see them, but⑴What does[ airplane]⑵What information[ of the crash]⑶Why was the black[ the crash]⑷Why did[ identifiable ]⑸What do we know[ recovered]26. New technology links the world(1) What is [](2) With the increased[ business](3) In the passage[ abroad](4) According to the passages language](5) The advantage of[ process]27. A properly designed electrical(1) When there is[ dangerous heat](2) Want will circuit[ immediately](3) What' s the fuction[ other circuits](4) Through electrical[ outside](5) How dose a circuit[ exceed]28. Evey hour the sun beams(1)(2) Form the first[ technology]What is the percentage[ than one thousandth](3) Where cant rooftops](4) In solar thermal[ source](5) By what[ moveable mirrors]29. Researchers say people traveling(1) The main[ air](2) Those who[ a car](3) Which of the[ vehicles](4) People livingE diseases](5) Which oft attacks]30・decision to⑴On whnt[ smoking]⑵The purpose of[ smoking]⑶Where can[]⑷Which of the[ you]⑸What is the[ them]31. Unwanted sound, or noise, such⑴Noise pollution[ productivity]⑵Which of the[ sound]⑶Where is[ airports]⑷Which sound[ hertz]⑸What method】protection]32. A smart grid incorporates⑴What can customers[ pattern]⑵One of the[ energy]⑶What can larger[ events]⑷What can a smart[ wisely]⑸Which of the following[ smart grid]33. 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补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmission CEADBThe function of (1) is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between power networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between (2)．Power transmission is completed by step-up substations，(3)．The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (cables)，poles or towers，insulators，overhead ground wires，and grounding devices. The (4) can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop，ensure the power quality, raise the economy of (5)．The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop，and improve the voltage quality．A. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventing CEABD The misopemtion that can lead to (1) mainly are：①on-load switching of isolating switch；②connecting (2)；③closing the circuit breaker (isolating switch) with ground lines (ground switch) earthed．The“five preventings”for (3) includes：①preventing the wrong opening or closing of circuit breaker；②preventing the on load opening and closing of isolating switch；③preventing (4)；④preventing the closing of circuit breaker with grounding wireconnected；⑤preventing(5)．A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power on Passage 3A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantages BDEACIn (1) such as U.S.A，Japan and European countries，the supercritical boiler has been developed since the 60s of last century．It has been proved by data and experience，the supercritical unit has (2)．As for its reliability, because the steam-water flow passages in supercritical boiler is same as that in the (3)，there isn’t anything special. But as far as hydraulic characteristic，a symbol of reliability, is concerned，in a supercritical boiler, under supercritical condition，medium is of single phase which has a (4). So that the problem caused by uneven distribution of steam phase and water phase can be avoided．It is admitted that, if (5)，both supercritical and subcritical units can get anexcellent reliability index.A. good homogenization of distributionB. some advanced countriesC. whole process management is strengthenedD. great advantages oil economy and environmental protectionE. subcritical once-through boilerPassage 4 Steam generation and use BEADCSteam is one of man’s dependable servants More and more in the background，steam is doing more and more work for man. In (1) steam may be seen only at the teakettle, but the electricity used may be generated by burning coal or gas and producing steam to turn the generator rotors in the power plant Even if (2) by nuclear fission，the generation of electricity is still accomplished by (3).In the U.S.A. the demand for electricity doubles every ten years. For the most part water resources suitable for power generation are already in service, except for emergency standby and peak-load units; approximately 90% of (4) utilizes steam. The (5) is expanding in most countries of the world except for the countries where available water power resources are greater than power needs.A. first generating steamB. an electrically heated homeC. use of steam for electric power generationD. the new generating capacity being installedE. the fuel is uranium and the heat is suppliedPassage 5 Circuit breaker BDAECCircuit breakers are automatically operated high voltage (or high current) switches. Circuit breakers are required (1) by switching circuits on，by carrying load and by switching circuits off under manual or automatic supervision. Their duty is as follows：In closed position the circuit breaker must be a good conductor for the normal load current. In open position the gap across the contacts shall have foil insulation level. At opening operating the circuit breaker must be able (2) to many thousands of amperes，and independently of the characteristics from purely inductive to fully capacitive. At closing operation the circuit breaker must close fast and be safe also against full short circuit conditions. They must，therefore，be effective instantaneously when are called upon (3) without movement. As the circuit breaker is the last link in the chain of protective equipment, the circuit breaker reliability is (4) of the total electric power system so the importance (5) cannot be over emphasized.A· to perform any switching operation after long periodsB. to control electrical power networksC. of the circuit breakerD. to switch the current which can be from a few amperesE. of the highest importance for high reliabilityPassage 6 The ratio of distance to height of pumped-storage power plant BDACEFor pumped-storage power plant, generally the ratio of distance to height (l), Distance-height ratio (2) to the drop between upper and low reservoir that is L/H. The head of simple pumped-storage power plant consists of two parts，they are natural topographic elevation difference and elevation difference formed by dam. Of course, the head derived from topographic elevation difference ( 3 )，so in selecting plant site，the condition that not only a height difference is available but also no very high dam of upper reservoir is necessary should be considered. Smaller L/H value indicates a shorter water transportation line，then the engineering construction cost can be saved. But in many circumstances, topographic condition ( 4 ),so we can’t say the smallest L/H value ( 5 ). In newly constructed three large capacity pumped-storage power plants in our country, the L/H value respectively are：7.12 in Guangzhou. 4.12 in Shisanling，2.40 in Tian huangpingA. is most economicB. is used to evaluate topographic condition of power plantC. is not desirableD. is the ratio of horizontal distance between upper and low reservoirE. is the bestPassage 7 Fuel cells BAECDFuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen are supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional battery, combine to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Unlike conventional batteries. where the conversion of chemical to electrical energy requires only the closing of a circuit between the cathode and anode to produce and electrical current，(1). These cells require the fuel and oxygen that will produce the chemical reactions that produce an electrical 0utout．Fuel cells have been made that will supply power in the megawatt range，and (2)．Such cells are not yet widely used on power systems，but(3)to supply fuel cell power to isolated loads As the voltage output of a cell is in the order of l to 2.5V, (4) and power output in ranges that are normally required. Inverters are used to (5) when and AC output is desired.A . further development is under wayB. there is no storage capacity in a fuel cellC. many cells are operated in series to obtain voltagesD. supply alternating current from fuel cellsE. as they are being developed there have been some applications Passage 8 Substations pace into the Digital Age CAEBDSubstations constitute the main part of power transmission and distribution in a power grid. The substations (1), with the responsibility for the electric power transmission and distribution in the grid. Over more than a decade of development, (2). In the rebuilding and constructing of power grid in rural and urban areas，automation technology is not only used in low-voltage substations to realize unattended operation，but also in the 220kV and above extra-voltage substations，thus greatly enhancing the level of modernization of power grid construction, strengthening the power transmission and distribution and the possibility of power grid dispatching and reducing the total cost of substation construction, (3). However, the development of technology is never-ending，and the increasing maturation of technology like intelligent switches，photoelectric current and voltage transformers，online condition monitoring of primary equipments, (4), as well as the development and application of high-speed network in real-time system，is bound to have a profound impact upon the existing substation automation technology, and (5) is about to emerge.A. substation automation technology has reached a certain levelB. simulation training technology for substation operationC. composed of a large number of primary and secondary equipmentsD. a full-digital automation systemE. all of which has become an indisputable factPassage 9 Overcoming the Problem of Waste CADEBMany large cities are anything but beautiful Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1) ．If people want to solve the problem of waste, (2)．They must work out ways of making use of good things which are just thrown away as waste．When a car gets too old，it may not rimany more. But if the metal that the car was made of is still good，(3). When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. Besides, garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to pick out all the glass and metal.Furthermore, garbage can also be a good source for making building blocks, which are then covered with concrete. Now, (4) . Some day, people will watch films in a great cinema which has been built out of garbage Future buildings，roads，and cities may be made from garbage. But so far, (5).A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. it can be put to use againE. more and more machines are designed for this purpose Passage 10 Hibernation EBDACThe weather in winter. Call be very cold. Some animals sleep during the winter, for it's difficult for them to find food then. (1) . For example，their sleep can last from autumn to spring. (2).Animals need food in winter to keep them warm and alive If they move about more，they need eat more. (3). Their heart beats slowly. And they breathe slowly. They find a safe place to sleep. (4).In warm winter some animals like bears may wake up. If they see thick snow oil the ground, they will get back to their sleep. (5).A. So they don’t need to worry about bad weather and other dangerous animalsB. We call this kind of sleep in wintertime “hibernation’’C. As it gets warmer and warmer in spring，the sleeping animals begin to wake up and look around for foodD. Hibernating animals don’t need to eat much because they don’t moveE. They can sleep for a long timePassage 11 Satellites BDACEThe body that is neatest to the Earth is the moon. (1). This satellite is called natural satellite. Man—made spacecraft which circle the Earth are called artificial satellites. Natural as well as artificial satellites circle the planets in a definite path or orbit(轨道). (2).All the bodies in space like the moon，the planets and the stars alsoexert an attractive force on objects. (3). The moon’s gravitational force is only one．sixth that of the Earth’s. The Earth’s gravitational force of pull keeps ns and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.(4). There are many artificial satellites orbiting around the Earth. Some artificial satellites have been sent up to orbit the moon and even the planet Mars. (5).A. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravityB. It circles the Earth and is therefore know as a satellite of the EarthC. To get out into space we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pullD. A satellite stays in orbit because the planet gravitational force keeps pulling it into a circleE. Artificial satellite can be used for various purposesPassage 12 Secondary equipment in power system BDEACThe secondary equipments in power system are (1), measuring，regulating，controlling primary equipments, the equipments that supply information，working condition for the operator or maintenance persons, and (2). The electric circuit connected with the secondary winding of CT or PT is called secondary circuit. The secondary equipment and secondary circuit belong to secondary system.The voltage and (3) are：110V , 220V DC operating voltages, 100V rated voltage of the potential transformer secondary winding and (4).The related parameter values of secondary system after weak electrification are：24V 48V 60V DC operating voltages, (5), 0.5A rated current of CT secondary side.A. 5A rated current of the current transformer secondary windingB. the equipments that provide protecting，monitoringC. 50V rated voltage of PT secondary sideD. the equipments that send the command signalsE. current values in secondary systemPassage 13 Switching overvoltage EABCDA sudden change in the configuration of transmission network caused(1) or by the appearance of a fault can cause a rapid surge known as switching overvoltage, which propagates throughout the network. It is these switching overvoltages which in general (2), Limitating these overvoltages is of extremely importance, because they have an important effect on both (3).These switching overvoltages can occur (4). If non-restriking circuit breakers is not used, it is at the instant of closing, and above all，re-closing of a line which has held a residual charge, that the strongest overvoltages will appear. This switching overvoltage is usually limited(5).A. determine the insulation requirements of transmission linesB. the cost of transmission and 1ine failure rateC. at both opening and closing of circuit breakersD. by means of circuit breaker closing resistor in 500kV systemE. by the operation of a circuit breakerPassage 14 Transmission line and distribution line ADBCEThe high voltage power line through which power is (1) is called power transmission line. The voltage classes of 35kV and above are generally used. High voltage distribution line is (2) to distribution transformers. Low voltage distribution line is the line that transmits power from distribution transformer to the users. The normal voltage of power distribution line is 380V.The special sections of (3) refer to the sections with large spanning, serious pollution, (4)．The overhead line section whose span is 1000 m and longer or the height of the pole or tower is l00m and higher is called(5).A. transmitted from power plant’s step-up substation to step-down substationB. the overhead transmission lineC. lightning frequently happening and heavy rainingD. the power line that transmits the power from step-down substationE. 1arge spanning line sectionPassage 15 Transformer insulation CEABDThe insulation of a transformer can be categorized into internalinsulation and external insulation. (1). The external insulation is the insulation between the upper part of bushings and the ground and the insulation among the bushings. The internal insulation of transformer can be further subdivided into main insulation and longitudinal insulation (2). The longitudinal insulation refers the insulation between different parts of the same winding，such as insulation between different sections，layers and turns of the same winding.(3), insulating pressboard, cable paper, corrugated paper, etc. The oil in transformer has two functions, one is insulation, and the other is cooling (4) by the factors such as temperature is called insulation aging.(5), for every 6o C temperature rise the insulation life time of the paper used in transformer will decrease by half.A. The main insulation materials inside transformer are transformer oilB. The degradation of insulating properties of insulation materials under long period of influenceC. The internal insulation refers to the insulation of various parts inside the oil tankD．If the winding temperature is within the scope of 80～140 o CE. The main insulation refers to the insulation between windings and grounding parts and the insulation between windingsPassage 16 The electricity market BDAECThe aim of introducing market mechanism is to bring various parties more economic benefit through equitable competition，thereby promote economic development.Like other markets, it needs (1) where the sellers and buyers (suppliers) can trade electricity, and needs (2) where the suppliers can sell electricity to final customers. As in other markets，the participants need (3). Competition is introduced into generation and retail supplied to customers. Customers are free (4). If a customer chooses to buy electricity in the retail market, he should be able to choose electricity supply from one of several competing retailers. If a customer decides to purchase directly from the wholesale market, he will need (5). Power generation is disaggregated into separate companies to ensure adequate competition.A. to agree on the price and quantity to be tradedB. a wholesale marketC. to register as a market customerD. a retail marketE. to choose electricity suppliersPassage 17 Electric power CBDAEElectric power is a most convenient，clean，safe，and useful form of energy which supplies the major portion of energy needs of a modem society At the present time (1) is newsworthy. Electric power is so vitalto the lives of people that (2) causes inconvenience, loss of production, and danger to many individuals who are in operation (such as cardiac operation) in hospital. A prolonged blackout, which is inevitable when a growing load is combined with no generation additions, could lead to (3). With the developing of industry and improving in living standard, the electric power demand is growing continuously and (4) is much greater than that of all other forms of energy. Now (5) has been one of the indications of modernization of a country.A. its growth rateB. its unavailabilityC. the lack of electricity (a blackout)D. social disorder, and even national tragedyE. high electric power consumption per capitaPassage 18 Copyright piracy BDAECThere are numerous examples of what has become known as copyright piracy. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, recently introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company invested millions of dollars in (1) of this product and ploughed another US $25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year later, however, very cheap bottles of Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between (2) -0ther than the price-was that the fake was called Rondexand came in a blue rather than a green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company less willing to invest in R&D of (3). The“recipe”for Londax should have been treated as (4) of Du Pont. Other companies making illegal use of it are stealing just as surely as if they stole Du Pont’s machines or any other (5) of the inventing company.A. new chemicalsB. the research and developmentC. physical propertyD. the fake and real itemsE. the intellectual propertyPassage 19 Electrical energy DEBACElectrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. The energy portion of electricity is found in a variety of phenomena such as (1), electromagnetic fields and lightning. Humans have found the ability to harness these phenomena and store the (2) for later use. The concept of (3) is defined using a variety of different terminologies such as charge，current and potential.Electrical energy is the result of the interaction of subatomic particles with electromagnetic force. Within an atom, electrons and protons create a charge. This charge Can be transferred between bodies using directcontact with a conductive material like a wire.The current refers to the movement of the charge. With direct current, this occurs when the electricity is stored in a battery and travels in one direction out of the battery. (4) occurs when the current changes direction repeatedly within an electrical system. The alternating current form is usually used to power larger objects such as residences and buildings.(5) is essential to the range and power of electric energy. When an electric charge exists within an object, a force is exerted from its electrical field. This accelerates the object in a direction either towards or away from the charge, depending on the electromagnetic polarization. Generally, positively-charged electricity pushes the object away, while negatively-charged electricity pulls the object towards the field.A. Alternating currentB. electrical energyC. Electrical potentialD. static electricityE. electrical chargePassage 20 Solar energy ADBCEMany people think of alternative solar energy as a new technology, but humans have been using this process to heat homes and baths for thousands of years. Alternative solar energy refers to energy from thesun that can be captured and used just like energy created by fossil fuels. The great benefit of solar energy is that its source, the sun，is not diminished by use of the energy, therefore making this type of power system(1).There are several different methods of collecting and using alternative solar energy. One of (2), usually seen as solar panels. Solar panels can be a very good means of collecting solar energy, but do have some drawbacks. While panels have the advantage of quickly turning absorbed solar radiation into usable energy, they are extremely (3). This means that much of the potential power of absorbed light is lost in the transfer processThermal solar energy is primarily used to create heat, such as for homes, baths, and swimming pools, In a thermal system, (4), which then passes through a pipe system where it mixes with water, generating steam. Steam is then passed through a turbine system, which turns it into usable energy. Despite sounding like a more complex process than photovoltaic systems use, thermal alternative solar energy is often far more (5) and is able to retain and use more of the collected energy directly for heating.A. sustainableB. inefficientC. the collected energy is used to heat a fluidD. the best known is photovoltaic cellsE. efficientPassage 21 Electrical energy conservation CDEABElectrical energy conservation refers to the process of reducing energy used through various means. Many of these methods for (1)；naming down the thermostat, naming off the lights when leaving the room, or switching off power strips when not in use are all examples of this. Homes, businesses or power companies (2), such as wind or solar energy, are also examples of electrical energy conservation. Many traditional electrical power plants are coal-fired, which contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, (3)；this is just one reason that energy conservation is important.For many people, electrical energy conservation begins at home. Not only is this good for the environment, but it can also significantly reduce the amount of a monthly electric bill. Some of the simplest steps to energy conservation include switching traditional light bulbs to compact fluorescent(CFL)bulbs, or (4). Making sure appliances are efficient, and that windows and doors are well sealed against the outdoors, are other examples of energy conservation. People (5) should also look for power strips that can be switched off．A. turning the thermostat up in the summer and down in the winterB. looking for other opportunities for electrical energy conservation inthe homeC. reducing energy consumption can be undertaken at homeD. making use of alternative clean energy sourcesE. contributing to climate changePassage 1 CDBEANowadays, scientists are working hard to make deserts into useful land again. They make efforts to bring water to the desert( C ). Unluckily, more and more land is becoming deserts. This is because people are doing bad things to the earth.Some places don’t become deserts( D )Some green plants are growing there. ( B ). Plants keep the land away from becoming too dry in the sunshine( E ). When a little bit rain falls, the plants can hold the water. Without plants and grass，the land will become drier and drier and is more likely to become a desert. ( A )A. There is still a long way to go for scientists to turn the desert into good land.B. They are very important to dry placesC. so that people can live and grow food thereD. even though these places don’t have much rainE. Besides, they won’t let the wind blow the dirt away.Passage 2 CBEADTemperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy arethe most commonly used ( C ) in the thermodynamics.Heat expansion refers to the phenomenon that most of the substances will increase in size with ( B ) in the absence of ( E ).There are three basic types of( A ), namely, conduction, convection and radiation.The first law of thermodynamics goes like this: the heat input to a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the increase in( D )of the system and the work done to the outside.A. heat transferB．the rise in temperatureC．parameters of the mediumD．internal energyE．external forcesPassage 1 EABCD( E ) Here are three important rules( A )Reduce. ( B ) Big cities always consume a lot of water in daily life. To save water, people in some families may first use the same water to wash clothes and then to flush the toilet.Reuse. ( C )For example, you can pass on the clothes you do not use or those too small for you to your younger sisters or brothers.Recycle. Bottles, cans and paper can be recycled. In this way, we can save a lot of money and resources. For example, used coke cans canbe sent to a factory to be smashed flat and melted. ( D )A. Their key words all begin with the 1etter “R”.B. If you want to reduce waste. you must use things wisely.C. You must always think of reusing things before throwing them out.D. The metal stuff can be made into new coke cans.E. It’s important to protect our environment.Passage 2 BCADEAccording to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, ( B ), geothermal, tide power plants, and so on.A power plant transforms primary energy source into electric power and ( C ).A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also ( A ).Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: Power net plan fur medium and long term; ( D ); Transportation condition; Water sources; Local natural condition and environmental protection.According to the common stipulation for a newly scheduled power plant, the total capacity in a ( E ) is in the range of 1200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units should not exceed six and the ranks ofcapacity should not exceed two.A. supplies steam to the userB. nuclear, wind, solarC. supplies power to usersD. Fuel supply and ash disposalE. newly scheduled power plantPassage 1 BDACEThe most important pumps in a power plant are feed-water pumps and condensate pumps, etc.The role of feed-water pump in a power plant is that ( B ) from de-aerator water storage tank to boiler. To meet the demand of parameter design of thermodynamic system and to simplify the system, a part of the feed water is extracted from an intermediate stage of the pump for temperature reduction of superheated steam.Following methods are used popularly for the speed regulation of feed-water pump: ( D )；Hydraulic coupling speed regulation and speed regulation by a small turbine.The principle of disposition for boiler feed-water pumps: three sets of feed-water pumps are equipped, ( A ), another one for standby. Generally, two steam-driven pumps and one motor-driven pump are provided, also, ( C ).Role of a condensate pump in a power plant: it pressurizes the。

P1 Functions of power transmissionThe function of (power transmission)is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between (power networks). Power transmission is completed by step-up substations, (step-down substations and connected transmission equipment). The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (transmission at high voltage)can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop, ensure the power quality, raise the economy of (power network operation). The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop, and improve the voltage quality.功率传输功能〔输电〕的功能是要把电力从发电厂负荷中心或功率交换网络之间为了到达代消费平衡或供求之间的平衡〔电网〕。