人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解

必修5Unit 1 Great scientists核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。

A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。

\易混辨析character/characteristiccharacter n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）2. defeatvt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。

He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。

-易混辨析defeat/conquer/overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。

defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。

conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature（征服自然）。

overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。

defeat/beat/windefeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。

如：beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打败对手/国家/团队……》win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。

人教新课标必修五unit1词汇及语法解析人教新课标必修五unit1词汇及语法解析ara用作名词，意思是“特点；特征；特性”与feature意思相近。

它也可用作形容词意为“典型的；具有…的特点的”。

Traffic jams are a charalarg堵车是大城市的特点。

The smell is charagarlic. 这气味是大蒜的特点。

He speaks with charaassion. 他以特有的热情说话。

2. put forward的意思是“提出主意、计划（uggest , an idea）等”。

Huts forward some useful advice. 他常常提出一些有用的建议。

〖帮你归纳〗put的常用词组有：put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away储存（钱）；放好put back拨慢；搁置 put down放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆； put off延期；推迟put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭 put through接通电话；完成put up with忍受；忍耐 put intoaction/effect/practice实施；实行3. examine 的意思是“检查；审查；诊察；考察；测验”。

The doctor examined her carefully.医生仔细地给她作了检查。

The teacher examined the studbad. 老师就学生读的书考学生。

examine指的是仔细观察以了解或发现什么东西，也可用于医生检查病人，以书面或口头的形式考察学生的知识与能力。

check指的是通过检查以确保某事物正确、安全、满意或处于良好状态，核对，核实某物等。

test指的是检验和衡量某物或某人的品质、质量等，测验某人在某方面的知识或能力，还有实验、考验的意思。

He is examining a他正在查验一个理论。

人教新课标必修五unit1词汇及语法解析人教新标必修五unit1词汇及语法解析1 harateristi用作名词，意思是“特点；特征；特性”与feature意思相近。

它也可用作形容词意为“典型的；具有…的特点的”。

Traffi as are a harateristi f large ities 堵车是大城市的特点。

The sell is harateristi f garli 这气味是大蒜的特点。

He speas ith harateristi passin 他以特有的热情说话。

2 put frard的意思是“提出主意、计划（ffer, suggest , an idea）等”。

He ften puts frard se useful advie 他常常提出一些有用的建议。

〖帮你归纳〗put的常用词组有：put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把……放在一边put aa储存（钱）；放好put ba拨慢；搁置put dn放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆；put ff延期；推迟put n上演；穿上；戴上put ut熄灭；关掉；扑灭put thrugh接通电话；完成put up ith忍受；忍耐put int atin/effet/pratie实施；实行3 exaine 的意思是“检查；审查；诊察；考察；测验”。

The dtr exained her arefull医生仔细地给她作了检查。

The teaher exained the students n the b the read 老师就学生读的书考学生。

exaine指的是仔细观察以了解或发现什么东西，也可用于医生检查病人，以书面或口头的形式考察学生的知识与能力。

he指的是通过检查以确保某事物正确、安全、满意或处于良好状态，核对，核实某物等。

test指的是检验和衡量某物或某人的品质、质量等，测验某人在某方面的知识或能力，还有实验、考验的意思。

He is exaining a ther 他正在查验一个理论。

人教新课标必修五unit1词汇及语法解析.characteristic用作名词，意思是“特点；特征；特性”与feature意思相近。

它也可用作形容词意为“典型的；具有…的特点的”。

Trafficjamsareacharacteristicoflargecities.堵车是大城市的特点。

Thesmellischaracteristicofgarlic.这气味是大蒜的特点。

Hespeakswithcharacteristicpassion.他以特有的热情说话。

2.putforward的意思是“提出主意、计划（offer,suggest,anidea）等”。

Heoftenputsforwardsomeusefuladvice.他常常提出一些有用的建议。

〖帮你归纳〗put的常用词组有：putaside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把……放在一边putaway储存（钱）；放好putback拨慢；搁置putdown放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆；putoff 延期；推迟puton上演；穿上；戴上putout熄灭；关掉；扑灭putthrough接通电话；完成putupwith忍受；忍耐putintoaction/effect/practice实施；实行3.examine的意思是“检查；审查；诊察；考察；测验”。

Thedoctorexaminedhercarefully.医生仔细地给她作了检查。

Theteacherexaminedthestudentsonthebooktheyread.老师就学生读的书考学生。

examine指的是仔细观察以了解或发现什么东西，也可用于医生检查病人，以书面或口头的形式考察学生的知识与能力。

check指的是通过检查以确保某事物正确、安全、满意或处于良好状态，核对，核实某物等。

test指的是检验和衡量某物或某人的品质、质量等，测验某人在某方面的知识或能力，还有实验、考验的意思。

Heisexaminingatheory.他正在查验一个理论。

必修 5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

Unit1单元语法详解过去分词作定语和表语图解语法过去分词作定语和表语1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语的位置过去分词作定语的意义现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别2.过去分词作表语用于“主—一系一表”结构中过去分词与被动语态的区别作表语现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别1/ 3归纳语法过去分词，也称动词的-ed形式，是一种非限定动词。

规则动词的-ed形式由动词原形词尾加-ed构成，也有不规则动词变化表。

动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，没有时态和语态的变化。

它在句子中可以充当定语、表语等成分。

一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时的意义过去分词作定语，强调被动或者完成。

The wind swept the fallen leaves.风刮走了落叶。

Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.她由我带大的那个女儿已经开始工作了。

fallen leaves 落叶/falling leaves正在飘落的树叶2.过去分词作定语时的位置（1）单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词之后，此时，它相当于定语从句。

He told me that this was the wounded soldier.他告诉我这就是那个受伤的士兵。

Don't use words, expressions or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 不要使用仅仅有特定知识的人才知晓的单词、词组或短语。

Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books (=which is filled with books).靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。

2/ 3Most of the students invited to the garden party (=who were invited to the garden party）came from our school.大部分被邀请参加游园会的学生来自我们学校。

必修五Unit 1（会读并掌握词性和汉语意思）characteristic n.特征；特性character n.品质，性格；人物painter n.画家；油漆匠paint v.绘画；给...上油漆n.油漆，涂料painting n.绘画put forward 提出put相关短语put up 搭起；张贴put up with 忍受；容忍put on 穿上；增加put out 扑灭put away 收起，放好put aside 把...放置一边；搁置scientific adj. 科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家以-ist结尾的表示人的词：tourist 游客artist 艺术家dentist 牙医journalist 新闻工作者，记者conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出conclusion [kənˈklu:ʒən] n.结论；结束in conclusion 总之draw a conclusion 得出结论draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力draw v.绘画；拖动，拉动drawer 抽屉analyse vt. 分析analysis n.分析infect vt. 传染；感染infections [inˈfekʃəns] adj. 传染的defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败expert adj. 熟练的n.专家；行家attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加不同参加的对比attend 参加会议或者仪式等比较正式的场合attend school\a lecture\a meeting\a funeral\a wedding join 加入某个组织团体并成为其中的一员join the Party/the armyjoin in 加入某人到某项活动中take part in 参加有组织的活动并起一定作用physician n.医生；内科医师physical adj.身体的；物质的Physics n.物理expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光be exposed to sth 暴露于某物；接触某物exposure n.暴露deadly adj. 致命的die v.死dead adj.死去的death n.死亡cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗a cure for 治疗...病的方法cure sb. of sth 治好某人的病对比treat 治疗（过程，不强调结果）；款待outbreak n. 爆发；发作break out 爆发（多指战争或火灾）challenge n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战challenging adj.挑战性的victim n. 受害者absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心absorb oneself in sthsb be absorbed in sth 全神贯注于absorbed adj.全神贯注的suspect vt.怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯sb. be suspected of doing sth. 某人被怀疑做了某事enquiry n. 询问enquire v.询问也写作inquiry, inquire neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近neighbour n.邻居severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的clue adj. 线索；提示pump n. 泵；抽水机vt. （用泵）抽（水）foresee vt. 预见；预知investigate vt.&vi. 调查investigation n. 调查blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人sb. be to blame 某人应受责备get/accept/bear/take the blame for...对...负责pollute vt. 污染；弄脏pollution n.污染polluted adj.受污染的handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵germ n.微生物；细菌link vt. & n. 连接；联系link…to… 将……和……联系或连接起来sth. be linked to 某物被连接到.... announce vt. 宣布；通知announcement n.宣布，通告certainty n.确信；确实certain adj.确信的certainly adv.当然instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导instructor n.导师，指导者instructions n.说明书，用法说明=directions responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的be responsible for n.对...负责responsibility n.责任a sense of responsibility 责任感construct vt.建设；修建construction n. 建设；建筑物under construction 在建设中contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助contribute to... 有助于，导致contribution n.贡献；捐款make contributions to...为...做贡献apart from 除……之外；此外firework n. 烟火（燃放）chart n. 图表creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的create v.创造creativity n.创造力，创造性co-operative adj.合作的co-operation n.合作operate v.操作，运转；做手术operation n.s手术；运转，运行positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的反义词negative adj. 消极的（be）strict with sb.…对……严格的（be）strict in sth. 在...方面严格的revolutionary adj.革命的；重大变革的revolution n.革命movement n. 移动；运动；动作move v.移动；运动moved adj.感动的make sense 讲得通；有意义make no sense 无意义sense v.&n. 感觉；感官a sense of ... ....感a sense of humor / responsibility幽默感/责任感sensitive adj.敏感的backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）forward 向前的put forward 提出look forward to doing sth.期望做某事loop n. 圈；环privately adv. 私下地；秘密地private adj.私下的；秘密的privacy n.隐私spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转；纺（线或纱）brightness n.明亮；亮度；聪颖bright adj.明亮的brighten v.使明亮-ness后缀的名词happiness, kindness, darkness, loneliness, sadness-en后缀的动词strengthen,widen,brighten,broaden,weaken,sharpe n,shorten enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的be enthusiastic about 对...热情的enthusiasm n.热情cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的caution n.小心；谨慎reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n.拒绝，否决表示拒绝的短语refuse to do sth.object to doing sth.be opposed to doing sth.universe n. 宇宙；世界universal adj.普遍的，全体的。

Unit 1 知识点1.characteristic 特征特性character n 角色，主角2.put forward 提出，推荐，把…提前，拨快（钟）put forward a good suggesion 提出put you forward as 推荐你为…You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.put oneself forward 毛遂自荐，出风头put forward the production 促进生产【词语联想】Ø put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄Ø put down: 放下；写下，记下Ø put off: 推迟；延期Ø put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷），留。

过夜Ø put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）put on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧3.conclude v 结束推断出conclusion n. draw a conclusion （that ）得出结论come to/ draw/ reach/ arrive at a conclusion结束，告一段落，得出一个结论。

In conclusion=finally最后Conclude sth .(from sth.) that 推断出断定4.analyse 分析analysis n. analyses 复数analytical adj.5.infect传染Infectious adj Be infected with被…感染上defeat sb 主要指战场上打败某人，也可指比赛beat sb 游戏或比赛win +比赛，辩论，奖品等Ø defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。

必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

人教版高一英语必修五Unit1知识点详解必修 5 Unit1 Great scientists Part 1. Warming up 1. explain 及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)] He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗? Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解 I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2. characteristic n. 特征；特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨 He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？ [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压 put out 关掉；熄灭 put aside 放在一边；储存；保留 put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上 put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ atthe meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today. Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

【高二学习指导】人教新课标必修五unit1重难点解析一、重点单词用法精解1.characteristicn.特征，特性thechiefcharacteristicofhumanbeingisthattheycanthink.人类主要的特征就是他们可以思索。

2.exposevt.暴露，揭发，曝光（摄影）don’texposethebabytotheburningsun.切勿将小孩暴晒。

注：exposesb/sthto…中的to为介词。

3.defeatvt.&n.打败；战胜；thearmydefeatedtheenemyintheend.军队最终战胜了敌军。

tomsufferedthedefeatintheenglishexamination.汤姆英语考试失利了。

辨析：win的宾语是game,prize等物（不是人）；beat和defeat的宾语是人；hit“打一下”；beat“（连续地）打”；strike“重击”。

4.curevt.&n.治好，治疗法thereisnoknowncureforaids.还无治疗艾滋病之法。

itispossibletocurethesickness.治好这种疾病还是可能将的。

辨析：cure“治愈”，强调结果；treat“治疗”，强调动作过程；说curesbofsth.但说treatsbforsth.5.blamevt.责备，归咎于theteacherblamedmeformybeinglateforschoolagain.老师因我又迟到批评了我。

备注：blamesbforsth=blamesthonsb.6.backwardadj.&adv.向后weturnbackward(s)thenrightward(s).我们向后转然后向右转。

搭配：abackwardturn向后转7.concludevt.&vi.完结，总结theteacherconcludedtheclassbyonesentence.老师以一句话总结了这节课。