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Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At thattime people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebratethe Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children ’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus inthe New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China andJapan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine ’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’tturn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhin ü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,”thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhin wasüheart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weatherwill be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhin is weeping and the couple won’tbe able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine ’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love”.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “Iguess Hu Jin doesn’tlove me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’twant them to remind me of her.”So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li, ” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming toeat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yo ng Hui.I ’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day !The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted.“Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’twant to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’tyou sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the icec ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “ I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit”. Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed“.Yes,” he added,“an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ?” “Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’tyo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets“. According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng.“I don’toffer enough fibre and you don’toffer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre”. So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY:Who? Me, sir?RODERICK:Yes, you.OLIVER:Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door)Thanks.SERVANT:Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER:(Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK:How do you do, Mr ⋯ er ⋯?HENRY:Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER:Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY:Thank you.RODERICK:Your are an American?HENRY:That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK:How well do you know London?HENRY:Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK:I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a fewquestions?HENRY:Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK:May we ask what you ’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY:Well, I can’tsay that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK:How is that possible?HENRY:Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay⋯ (his eyesstare at what is left of the brothers’dinner on the table) OLIVER:Well, go on.HENRY:Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault. I didn’tknow whether I could survive until morning. The next morning I ’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER:And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY:Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but⋯(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK:Well, you mustn’tworry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY:I’m afraid I don’tquite follow you, sir.RODERICK:Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY:I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK:Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’tmind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY:Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK:(happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY:Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I don’tthink it ’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now if you ’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK:Please don’tgo Mr Adams. You mustn’tthink we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER:Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY:(taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK:For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock. HENRY:Oh, this is silly.RODERICK:Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY:Oh, no. I don’twant your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK:We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James,show Mr Adams out.OLIVER:Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY:Well, why don’tyou explain what this is all about? RODERICK:You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT: RODERICK: HENRY:Act I, Scene 4This way, sir.Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise? Promise. Goodbye.(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER: (seeing Henry’s poor appearance) That one’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace. HENRY:(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I ’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick.’dI also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.WAITER:Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money. HENRY:I understand. And i’ll have a large glass of beer. WAITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. OWNER: We’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer. WAITER: Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?WAITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same.OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That ’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes?WAITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I ’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner) That was a wonderful meal. It ’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’thave them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your billI can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I ’m very sorry. But ⋯ I ⋯ I don’thave anything smaller.OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, ⋯ er ⋯ just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it ’s genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’tknow. I simply don’tknow.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount ⋯ Anyway, I don ’tthink it ’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it! HOSTESS: (hits her husband’sarm) And you put him in the back ofthe restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I ’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it ’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’tworry, sir. Doesn’tmatter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it ’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well ⋯ thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it ’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottomof my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe beganwith a “Big Bang ”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, nowwith hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth ’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground. ”I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,”he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, butit will not be as strong a pull as the earth ’s.”I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth ’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came backto land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too, ”I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA-“THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then takethe train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch“The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres”.That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days ’travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-thirdof the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH”FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud thatrose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother ’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth”.They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It ’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeastof Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’tleave until this evening,”said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,”he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,”he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
Unit 1 ANNE’S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June, 1942Dear Kitty,I wondered if it is because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I came here.…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare to open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face……Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours,AnneUnit 2 English around the worldThe road to modern EnglishAt the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually, all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first, the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The America Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different from “standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighboring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.Unit 3 JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART I THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Y u Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?”I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look--the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she said itwould be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a mountain in Qinghai Province. At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.PART II A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINSAlthough it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? That’s what we looked like! Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemed to be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this point we had to change our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent and then we eat. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter. It was so quiet. There was almost no wind- only the flames of our fire for company. As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!Unit 4 A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The sufferings of the people was extreme. Two-thirds ofthem died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospital, 75％of its factories and buildings and 90％of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.UNIT 5 ELIAS’ STORYMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decided to answer violence with violence. ”As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORYYou cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South Africa government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. So now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.。
2023新人教版高中英语必修一全册课文及翻译(中英文Word)新人教版高中英语新教材必修一FIRSTIMPRESSIONS第一印象Han Jing’s World 韩静的世界 7：00 a.m. 上午7：00So this is it—senior high school at last! I’m not outgoing so I’m a little an某ious right now. I want to make a goodfirst impression. Will I make any friends? What if no one talksto me?就是这样，终于到了高中学校了！我性格并不外向，所以现在有点儿焦虑。
我想给别人留下好的第一印象。
我会交到朋友吗？要是没人跟我说话怎么办？12:30p.m.中午12：30I just had my first maths class at senior high school! The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. He even told us a funny story, and everyone laughed so much! Ifound most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.我刚刚上完高中的第一节数学课！这堂课很难，但老师却很和蔼可亲。
他还给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，每个人都笑得很开心！我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，而且乐于助人。
5:32p.m.下午5：32今天下午，我们在科学实验室上了化学课。
实验室是新的，这节课也很精彩，但坐在我旁边的那个家伙一直试图跟我说话。
我无法集中精力做实验。
我真想对他说：请安静点，别烦我！10:29p.m.晚上10：29What a day! This morning, I was worried that no one wouldtalk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’tfeel awkward or frightened at all. I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to e某plore at senior high. I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. I think that tomorrow willbe a great day!多好的一天啊！今天早上，我担心没有人会跟我说话。
必修1 第一单元Reading 阅读ANNE’S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feel ings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family w as Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that t ime the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a serie s of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding p lace since July 1942.在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。
必修1 第一单元Reading 阅读ANNE’S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feel ings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family w as Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that t ime the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a serie s of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding p lace since July 1942.在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。
人教版高中英语课本word版（定稿）第一篇：人教版高中英语课本word版（定稿）人教版高中英语课本word版Unit 1 Good friendsListeningListen to the two friends arguing.Situation 1Jame:Hi,Peter!Peter:Hi,Jame!Jame:Peter,I am not happy about this.This is the third time,you are late for football practice.You have to do something about this.Peter:Er...I am sorry,Jame.Er...What's the big deal?So I am a few minutes late.What difference does it make?Jame:What difference does it make?We have to wait for you.Look,everybody is here and ready to play.We don't like waiting for you.Please try to be on time in the future.Peter:Ok,I will try.Situation 2Mary:Hi,Ann.Have you seen my calculator?Ann:Hi,Mary.Oh,I forgot to tell you，I needed calculator yesterday, and I borrow yours.I hope you don't mind.Mary:What?You borrowed my calculator without asking.How could you do that?You always do this borrowing things from me without asking.In any dorverting thing sometime either.Ann:I am sorry.I didn't know you were so upset about it.Situation 3Idem:Hi,John.John:Hi,Idem.How is going?Idem:Pretty good.Look!I have something I need to tell you.John:OK,what's up?Idem:Well,you know I borrowed your CD Player yesterday? John:Yes.Idem:Well...em I think it's broken.John:What?broken?What happened?Idem:I didn't do anything.I was just listening this music when suddenly it stopped.I can't make it play again.John:Em...that's strange.I'v never had any problems with it before.Are you sure you didn't do anything to it?John:Ye,I just listen to it.But don't worry.I'll ask my Uncle that fix it when he comes back.SpeakingJohn:I'm 15 years old and I love football.I also like reading,especially stories about people from other countries.I don't enjoy singing,nor do I like computers.I think that rock music is terrible.Ann:Hi,I'm Ann.I'm 16 and I like dancing and computers.I also like rock music I hate hiking and I'm not into classical music.I don't enjoy reading too much.Steve:I'm 14 years old and I love skiing.Other favorite hobbies are reading and singing.I don't like hiking.I think that rock music is too loud,and I think that football is boring.Peter:I'm from Australia.I'm 15 and I'm fond of singing.I sing a lot,and when I'm not singing，I listen to rock music or use my computer.I don't like football and I think that classical music is terrible.I hate dancing!Sarah:My name is Sarah and I'm 14 years old.My interests are reading novels,playing football and singing songs.I think that rock music is terrible,and I don't like dancing.I don't enjoy computers either.Joe:Hi there.I'm Joe.I really like computers.I surf the Internet all the time and I like play computer games.I don't enjoy football and I hate hiking.Rock music is OK,and so is skiing.Reading CHUCK'S FRIENDIn the movie Cast AwayTom Hanks plays a man named Chuck No land.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busythat he has little time for his friends.He is a successful manager in a company that sends mail all over the world.One dayChuck is on a flight across the Pacific Oceanwhen suddenly his plane crashes.Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.On the island.Chuck has to learn to survive all alone.He has to learn how to collect water,hunt for food,and make fire.Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.In order to survive，Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend--a volleyball he calls Wilson.Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island.He realizes that he hasn't been a very good friend because he was always been thinking about himself.During his five years on the island.Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball,he becomes fond of him.He talks to him and treats him as a friend.Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow，and that it is important to have someone to care about.He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.When he makes friends with Wilson，he understands that friendship is about feelings.and that we must give as much as we take.A volleyball is certainly an unusual friend.Most of our friends are human beings，but we also make friends with animals and even things.For example,many of us have pets，and we all have favourite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary.The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.Friendship helps us understand who we are，why we need each other and what we can do for each other.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingDo you know that you can use the Internet to make friends?you may know that a pen friend,or penal,is someone you write letters to.But what is an e-pal? or key pal?yes,you guessedit!An e-pal is someone you write e-mail to e-mail is faster and cheaper than letters，so you can write to your e-pals every day and you don't have to wait for a letter to arrive.Just write your message and click it away!Read the following e-pal ads.write an e-mail to one of them.Hello everyone,I'm Jane.I live in South Carolina.I like painting.I'm 15 and I'm a student.I like talking and joking around and I like to listen to rock music!I am looking for e-pals from any country.Hi.My name is Jack.I am tall and I have blue eyes.I like sports.I play soccer.I love to make people laugh.I love singing and dancing.I am honest and I like to have fun.I like talking to people.If you're interested in being friends, drop me a line.Words and expressions Unit one honestbrave loyal wisehandsomesmartarguesolutionclassicalSteve fondfond ofSarah Joematchmirror fry gunhammer saw ropecompassmovie castTom HanksChuck Nolandsurvivedeserted hunthunt forin order toWilsonsharesorrowcare aboutfeelingsuch asairplaneparachute liespeechadventurenotebookscared e-palSouth Carolinadrop sb a lineformal erroradj.诚实的;正直的adj.勇敢的adj.忠诚的；忠心的adj.英明的;明智的;聪明的adj.英俊的;大方的美观的adj.聪明的;漂亮的;敏捷的vi.争论；辩论n.解答；解决办法;解决方案adj.古典的;古典文学的史蒂夫(男子名)adj.喜爱的;多情的;喜欢的喜欢'爱好莎拉；萨拉(女子名)乔(男子名)n.火柴n.镜子vt.&vi.油煎；油炸n.炮；枪n.锤子；槌n.&vi.&vt.锯n.绳；索；绳索n.罗盘；指南针n.电影vt.&vi投掷；投射；抛汤姆.汉克斯(美国男影星)查克.诺兰德(男子名)vt.幸免于;从......中生还 vi.幸存adj.荒芜的；荒废的vt.&vi.&n.打猎；猎取；搜寻搜索;追寻;寻找为了威尔逊(男子名)vt.&vi.分享；共有；分配 n.共享；份额n.悲哀；悲痛担心；关心n.触觉;知觉;感觉;情绪例如......n.飞机n.降落伞n.谎话；谎言n.演说；讲话；语音n.&vt.&vi.冒险；冒险经历n.笔记本；笔记本式电脑adj.恐惧的n.网友n.南卡罗来纳州(美国州名)给某人写信(通常指写短信)adj.正式的；正规的n.错误；差错第二篇：初中语文课本目录(人教)1、这不是一颗流星王周生2、羚羊木雕张之路3、背影朱自清4、短文两篇散步莫怀成金黄的大斗笠高风5、从百草园到三味书屋子鲁迅6、最后一课都德7、为中华崛起而读书余心言8、《论语》六则9、小桔灯10、枣核11、榆钱饭12、扁鹊见蔡桓公13、诗词五首过故人庄出塞江南逢李龟年渔歌子卖炭翁14、老山界15、纪念白求恩16、生命的意义17、春18、济南的冬天19、松鼠20、桂林山水歌21、《咏柳》赏析22、看戏23、笑的武器24、花市25、大自然的语言26、回声27、影子的故事28、皇帝的新装29、天上的街市30、寓言三则赫耳墨斯和雕像者蚊子和狮子浓烟和烟囱31、盘古开天辟地冰心萧乾刘绍棠韩非孟浩然王昌龄杜甫张志和白居易陆定一毛泽东奥斯特洛夫斯基朱自清老舍布丰贺敬之袁行霈叶君健苏光贾大山丁时祺肃建享安徒生郭沫若《伊索寓言》《伊索寓言》严文井袁珂1、我的老师魏巍2、挺进报罗广斌刘德彬杨益言3、山的那一边陆芸芸4、刘胡兰慷概就义5、一面阿累6、一件珍贵的衬衫7、同志的信任唐弢8、挖荠菜张洁9、夜走灵官峡杜鹏程10、傻二哥新凤霞11、第二次考试12、宋定伯促鬼13、分马14、社戏15、小小说两篇鞋有关拖鞋问题的问题16、狼17、荔枝蜜18、小麻雀19、海滨仲夏夜20、桃花源记21、驿路梨花22、人民英雄永垂不朽23、雄伟的人民大会堂23、和青年同志们谈写信25、卓越的科学家竺可桢26、谈骨气27、短论两篇失败是个未知数起点之美28、弈喻29、梅岭三章30、回延安31、新诗三首假使我们不去打仗致黄浦江给乌兰诺娜32、木兰诗33、古代诗歌五首敕勒歌石壕吏秋浦歌晓出净慈寺送林子方钱塘湖春行何为干宝周立波鲁迅王伟李元岁蒲松龄杨朔老舍峻青陶渊明彭荆风周定舫孙世恺王力白夜柏生吴晗岑桑刘心武钱大昕陈毅贺敬之田间公刘艾青北朝民歌北朝民歌杜甫李白杨万里白居易1、中国石拱桥茅以升2、北京立交桥刘宗明3、短文两篇吴门桥碧野母亲架设的桥水上勉4、巴黎的桥张祝基5、短文两篇死海不死统筹方法华罗庚6、向沙漠进军竺可桢7、谈笑8、口技9、读报常识10、消息通讯11、评论12、副刊文摘13、答记者问14、积累资料学习办报15、白杨礼赞16、听潮17、钓胜于鱼18、诗五首送元二使安西黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵江南春惠崇《春江晚景》十一月四日风雨大作19、故宫博物院20、从甲骨文到缩微图书21、万紫千红的花22、活板23、短文两篇地球是圆的吗？看云识天气24、苏州园林25、核舟记26、在烈日和暴雨下27、变色龙28、杨修之死29、小小说三篇落其有声醉人的春夜到五月花烈士公墓去30、从宜宾到重庆31、短文两篇周汝昌林嗣环茅盾鲁彦陈之藩王维李白杜牧苏轼陆游黄传惕崔金泰宋广礼仇春霖沈括陈尔寿叶圣陶魏学氵伊老舍契诃夫罗贯中张新民吴金良公木陈汉元电子计算机的多种功能钱伟长《自然·生活·折理》序冰心32、标点符号用法（节选）1、故乡鲁迅2、有的人藏克家3、论雷峰塔的倒掉鲁迅4、读后感两篇读一位共产党员的遗嘱钱正英壮丽人生的最后闪光唐挚5、什么是生态系统侯学煜6、大自然警号长鸣秦牧7、短文三则马说韩愈说虎为学8、继续保持艰苦奋斗的作风9、从三到万10、想和做11、哨子12、“畏惧错误就是毁灭进步”13、理想的阶梯14、短文两篇说“勤”事业篇15、记一辆纺车16、我的小桃树17、散文两篇成功的秘诀福楼拜家的星期天18、短文三则爱莲说陋室铭伤仲永19、怀疑与学问20、短论两则论“基本属实”“偃旗息鼓”和“圆满结束”21、发问的精神财富22、论求知23、俭以养德24、“友邦惊诧”论25、小驳论两则驳“实惠”论个人与集体26、读孟尝君传27、七根火柴28、老杨同志29、古代诗词五首刘基彭端淑毛泽东马南屯耳胡绳富兰克林章炳元陈群林家箴柳斌杰吴伯箫贾平凹茨威格莫泊桑周敦颐刘禹锡王安石顾颉刚吕叔湘启凡培根马铁丁鲁迅魏巍王安石王愿坚赵树理观沧海曹操春夜喜雨杜甫书湖阴先生壁王安石如梦令李清照西江月辛弃疾1．回忆我的母亲朱德2．藤野先生鲁迅3．自传茅盾4．人类的语言吕叔湘“深”和“浅”朱文叔 5．食物从何处来6．天气陛下伊林7．中国人民寻求救国真理的道路毛泽东8．短文两篇治学的秘诀刘绍楹求知如采金9．工作的大小10．怎样丢掉学生腔11．《农村调查》序言12．葫芦僧判断葫芦案13．竞选州长14．我的叔叔于勒15．卖蟹16．曹刿论战17．陈涉世家18．黄生借书说19．陌上桑20．出师表21．捕蛇者说22．满井游记23．诗词曲四首君子于役登楼破阵子朝天子咏喇叭约翰·罗斯金邹韬奋老舍毛泽东曹雪芹马克·吐温莫泊桑王润滋《左传》司马迁袁枚诸葛亮柳宗元袁宏道杜甫辛弃疾王磐第三篇：高中英语课本内容目录高中内容目录高一必修一1.直接引语间接引语direct speech and indirect speech(陈述句和疑问句）2.直接引语间接引语direct speech and indirect speech(命令和请求语气)3.现在时行时表将来4.定语从句1(that, which, who, whose)5.定语从句2(where when which prep+which/whom)必修二定语从句(restrictive and non-restrictive)被动语态-将来时passive voice future 被动语态-完成时passive voice present perfect 被动语态-进行时passive voice present progressive 定语从句:介词+whom which 必修三：1.情态动词一modal verb2.情态动词二3.表语从句和宾语从句object and predicative4.主语从句subject5.同位语从语appositive 必修四1.主谓一致（subject-verb agreement)2.动名词做主语和宾语3.动名词做表，定，宾补4.动名词做定语和状语5.构词法word formation高二：必修五1.过去分词做定语和表语2.过去分词做宾补足语3.过去分词做状语和定语4.倒装句5.省略句选修六：1.虚拟语气subjunctive mood 12.虚拟语气subjunctive mood2 3.It 的用法1 4.It 的用法2 5.复习动名词选修七：复习1.不定式一infinitive2.不定式被动语态3.现代分词被动语态passive voice4.限性定语从句attributive5.非限性定语从句选修八：复习1.名词性从句（主宾表）2.同位语3.过去分词做定语，表语和宾补4.过去分词做状语5.谓语时态（包括现在完成进行时）第四篇：江苏高中英语模块4课本13Unit 1Sales and marketingARead the following passage from a book.Pay attention to the words and phrases in blue.Before a company starts making a new product, they must do market research—they must collect and analyse information about what people want and need.The sales & marketing department will present the results of their market research to the head of the company.The company can then choose the right product to produce, the one that is expected to be most popular with consumers—people who buy and use the product.One of the most important pieces of information is the market share—the percentage of a market that the product has.Also important are the sales targets—the amount which they think they will sell in a future period.Once the product goes on the market, its sales figures—the amount which has been sold—should be reported every day, so the company can check the progress of their product.BMr Carter;the head of a car company, is talking with his sales & marketing managerMs e the blue words or phrases from above to complete the dialogue.Each word or phrase should be used only once.Mr Carter:Our new product has been on the market for one month.What is itsMs Jones:(1)____________________ now?We have about a 15 per cent share of the market at themoment.The(2)____________________ rose by 5 per cent across the whole country,and are continuing to rise.Mr Carter: That is quite encouraging.I think it is because(3)______________________ really like our unique design.I would like you to do some further(4)____________________ about young people's views on the product.The(5)_____________________ should also finish the report on the nextmonth's(6)__________________________ by Monday.Ms Jones: We're doing it right now.I'll present it to you in one or two days.Mr Carter:That's great.If we want to be themarketleader,weneed tomakeagood plan.第五篇：人教新课标高中英语必修1Unit2EnglishAroundtheWorld 教案Unit 2 English Around the WorldⅠ单元教学目标技能目标GoalsTalk about English and its development, Different kinds of EnglishTalk about difficulties in language communicationLearn to make dialogue using request & commandsLearn to transfer from direct into indirect speechLearn to give opinions and organize ideas by way of brainstormingLearn to make a poster showing your ideas clearly Ⅱ目标语言功能句式Talk about English and its development Refer to Introduction in the teachers’ bookTalk about difficulties in language communicationDifferent speaker may come from different place, so they may use different words and dialect, such as subway-underground、left-left-hand-side、two blocks two streets.Make dialogues using request or command: Pardon? Could you repeat that, please?I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please? I don’t understand.Sorry.I can’t fol low you.Could you say that again, please? How do you spell it, please?词汇1.四会词汇include role international native elevator flat apartment rubber petrol gas modern culture AD actually present(adj.)rule(v.)vocabulary usage identity government Singapore Malaysia rapidly phrase candy lorry command request retell polite boss standard mid-western southern Spanish eastern northern recognize accent lightning direction ma’am subway block 2.认读词汇Shakespeare Noah Webster Lori dialect Houston Texas Buford Lester catfish 3.固定词组play a role(in)because of come up such as play a part(in)语法Command & requestOpen the door.Please open the door.Would you please open the door? Indirect SpeechHe told(asked)me to open the door.Ⅲ.教材分析和教材重组: 1.教材分析本单元的中心话题是“English language an d its development, different kinds of English”.通过对世界英语这一话题的探讨,加强学生对英语语言的了解,对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解.世界在发展,时代在前进,语言作为交流的工具,也随着时代的发展而变化.由于英语在世界上的广泛使用,它不断地吸收、交融、容纳、创新,这就形成了各种各样带有国家、民族、地区特色的英语.没有人们认为的那种唯一的标准英语。
人教部编版高中英语必修第二册全册教案教学设计Unit 1 Cultural HeritageUnit 2 Wildlife protectionUnit 3 The internetUnit 4 History and traditionsUnit 5 MusicUnit 1 Cultural HeritagePeriod 2 Reading and Thinking:From Problems to Solutions【教材分析】1.This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved,,, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.【教学目标】1.Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;2.Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline,, according to the appropriate text genre;3.Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;4.Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;【教学重难点】1.Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2.Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3.Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;【教学过程】1.PredictionStep 1 Predicting the main idea of the passageLook at the title and the pictures, and then predict what the passage will be about.Q: What will be talked about?Step 2: Fast reading tasksTask of the first fast reading:Read quickly and figure out the key words of each paragraph.•Paragraph 1: challenge•Paragraph 2: proposal led to protests•Paragraph 3: committee established•Paragraph 4: brought together•Paragraph 5: success•Paragraph 6: spiritTask of the second fast reading:1.Why did the Egyptian government want to build a new dam in the 1950s?2.Why did the building of the dam lead to protests?3.How did the government save the cultural relics?4.Which one can describe the project?A. Successful.B. Negative.C. Useless.D. Doubtful.5.What can be learned from the Aswan Dam project?Step 3: Careful reading tasksRead more carefully and answer the following questions.1.What do "problems" refer to and what do "solutions" refer to?2.Find out the numbers in paragraph four and explain why the author used exact numbers instead of expressions like many?3.What can you infer from "Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics"?4.What can you infer from "Fifty countries donated nearly 80 million to the project"?The project cost a lot of money.5.Before the building of the dam, what problems did the Nile River bring to the Egyptian?6.What words can you think of to describe the working process of the project?Step 4: ConsolidationDivide the passage into three parts and get the main idea of each part.Part 1 (Paragraph 1)The introduction of the topicKeeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites is a big challenge.Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-5)The process of saving cultural relics•Big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions.•The Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam, which would damage many cultural relics.•The government turned to the UN for help.•Experts made a proposal for how to save cultural relics after a lot of efforts and the work began.•Cultural relics were taken down and moved to a safe place.•Countless c ultural relics were rescued.•The project was a success.Part 3 (Paragraph 6)The summary of the textThe global community can sometimes provide a solution to a difficult problem for a single nation.Step 5: Critical thinking:1.How to deal with the construction and the protection of cultural relics?2.As students, what should we do to protect our cultural relics?Step 6: summaryStep 7 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text. 板书设计教学反思Unit 2 Wildlife ProtectionReading for Writing【教材分析】The activity theme is "making effective poster,,. The protection of wildlife needs the participation of the whole society. It is imperative to educate the public on wildlife protection and arouse the public's awareness and enthusiasm for wildlife protection. Teenagers are not only the main body of education, but also the "ambassador" of publicity and promotion. To make posters, students need to understand and study the situation of endangered animals and think about protection measures. In the process of reading and understanding the content of posters and making posters, students should be trained to master and use the style of posters, and their social responsibility and sense of responsibility should be cultivated.The reading text is two posters. The first poster, "give ugly a chance!" calls on people to protect all kinds of wild animals and not treat them differently because of personal likes and dislikes. No matter how beautiful or ugly animals are, they have the meaning and value of existence. The world is beautiful because of the diversity of biology. The article uses the tone of statement to make people unconsciously accept the author's point of view. The second POSTER "don't make paper with my home!,, adopts anthropomorphic rhetoric and takes koala's heart cry as the title, criticizing those behaviors of deforestation and destruction of animal homes. The text is a progressive explanation of the title. Exclamatory sentences and rhetorical sentences are used in this paper, which express the author's attitude and point of view. In addition, the title ofthese two posters uses exclamation sentences with strong appeal and emotional color, coupled with vivid pictures, making the posters more powerful.【教学目标】1.Cultivate students to acquire some features about an English poster by reading the text.2.Help students to write an English poster about animal protection properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3.Develop students' writing and cooperating abilities.4.Strengthen students' great interest in writing discourses.【教学重难点】1.Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to write an English poster properly.2.Cultivate students to write an English poster properly and concisely.【教学过程】Step 1: Lead inDo you want to be a volunteer of a pefs shelter? Why?Yes, I want to be a volunteer of it, because I want to help the pets, which are lovely and cute. I like them very much.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main details of the news report.I.Read the news report and then solve the questions below.1.Who started the rescue centre called the Small Friends Pet Shelter?A group of high school students and parents.2.What did the young people do in the shelter?Take care of animals.3.How do the young people think of their work?Worthwhile4.What help does the centre need?Volunteers, time and love.II. Read the text again and then choose the best answer.1.What should we do when we protect the wildlife animals?A.Treat all the wild animals equally.B.Only pay attention to less cute animals.C.Pay attention to cute animals.D.Care about endangered wildlife animals.2.Whafs the bad effect of cutting down billions of trees to make paper for humans?A.Make a lot of animals homeless.B.Make a number of wildlife animals dying out.C.The animals5 habitat is being destroyed.D.All of them.【答案】ADCStep 3: Study the organization and language features.1.Read the passage more carefully and write down the outline of the text.1.The Small Friends Pet Shelter was started by a group of high school students and their parents when they started to see many pets (that were left behind after their families moved away).译文：当一些高中生和他们的父母看到在主人搬走后,时，们建立了小朋友宠物收容所。
人教版高中英语课本word版Unit 1 Good friendsListening Listen to the two friends arguing.Situation 1Jame:Hi,Peter! Peter:Hi,Jame!Jame:Peter,I am not happy about this.This is the third time,you are late for football practice.You have to do something about this.Peter:Er...I am sorry,Jame.Er...What's the big deal?So I am a few minutes late. What difference does it make?Jame:What difference does it make?We have to wait for you.Look,everybody is here and ready to play.We don't like waiting for you.Please try to be on time in the future.Peter:Ok,I will try.Situation 2Mary:Hi,Ann.Have you seen my calculator?Ann:Hi,Mary.Oh,I forgot to tell you,I needed calculator yesterday, and I borrow yours.I hope you don't mind.Mary:What?You borrowed my calculator without asking.How could you do that?You always do this borrowing things from me without asking.In any dorverting thing sometime either.Ann:I am sorry.I didn't know you were so upset about it.Situation 3Idem:Hi,John. John:Hi,Idem.How is going?Idem:Pretty good.Look!I have something I need to tell you.John:OK,what's up?Idem:Well,you know I borrowed your CD Player yesterday? John:Yes. Idem:Well...em I think it's broken.John:What?broken?What happened?Idem:I didn't do anything.I was just listening this music when suddenly it stopped.I can't make it play again.John:Em...that's strange.I'v never had any problems with it before.Are you sure you didn't do anything to it?John:Ye,I just listen to it.But don't worry.I'll ask my Uncle that fix it when he comes back.SpeakingJohn:I'm 15 years old and I love football.I also like reading,especially stories about people from other countries.I don't enjoy singing,nor do I like computers.I think that rock music is terrible.Ann:Hi,I'm Ann.I'm 16 and I like dancing and computers.I also like rock music I hate hiking and I'm not into classical music.I don't enjoy reading too much.Steve:I'm 14 years old and I love skiing.Other favorite hobbies are reading and singing.I don't like hiking.I think that rock music is too loud,and I think that football is boring. Peter:I'm from Australia.I'm 15 and I'm fond of singing.I sing a lot,and when I'm not singing,I listen to rock music or use my computer.I don't like football and I think that classical music is terrible.I hate dancing!Sarah:My name is Sarah and I'm 14 years old.My interests are reading novels,playing football and singing songs.I think that rock music is terrible,and I don't like dancing.I don't enjoy computers either.Joe:Hi there.I'm Joe.I really like computers.I surf the Internet all the time and I like play computer games.I don't enjoy football and I hate hiking.Rock music is OK,and so is skiing.Reading CHUCK'S FRIENDIn the movie Cast AwayTom Hanks plays a man named Chuck No land.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busythat he has little time for his friends.He is a successful manager in a company that sends mail all over the world. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Oceanwhen suddenly his plane crashes.Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.On the island. Chuck has to learn to survive all alone.He has to learn how to collect water,hunt for food,and make fire.Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.In order to survive,Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend--a volleyball he calls Wilson. Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island.He realizes that he hasn't been a very good friendbecause he was always been thinking about himself.During his five years on the island.Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball,he becomes fond of him.He talks to him and treats him as a friend.Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow,and that it is important to have someone to care about.He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.When he makes friends with Wilson,he understands that friendship is about feelings.and that we must give as much as we take.A volleyball is certainly an unusual friend.Most of our friends are human beings,but we also make friends with animals and even things.For example,many of us have pets,and we all have favourite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary.The lesson we can learn from Chuckand all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. Friendship helps us understand who we are,why we need each other and what we can do for each other.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingDo you know that you can use the Internet to make friends?you may know that a pen friend,or penal,is someone you write letters to.But what is an e-pal? or key pal?yes,you guessed it!An e-pal is someone you write e-mail to e-mail is faster and cheaper than letters, so you can write to your e-pals every dayand you don't have to wait for a letter to arrive.Just write your message and click it away!Read the following e-pal ads.write an e-mail to one of them.Hello everyone,I'm Jane.I live in South Carolina.I like painting. I'm 15 and I'm a student.I like talking and joking around and I like to listen to rock music!I am looking for e-pals from any country.Hi.My name is Jack.I am tall and I have blue eyes.I like sports.I play soccer.I love to make people laugh.I love singing and dancing.I am honest and I like to have fun.I like talking to people.If you're interested in being friends, drop me a line.Words and expressions Unit onehonestbraveloyalwisehandsomesmartarguesolutionclassicalStevefondfond of SarahJoematchmirrorfrygun hammersawrope compass moviecastTom Hanks Chuck Noland survive desertedhunthunt forin order to Wilsonsharesorrowcare aboutfeelingsuch asairplaneparachuteliespeechadventurenotebookscarede-palSouth Carolinadrop sb a lineformalerroradj. 诚实的;正直的adj.勇敢的adj.忠诚的；忠心的adj.英明的;明智的;聪明的adj.英俊的;大方的美观的adj.聪明的;漂亮的;敏捷的vi.争论；辩论n.解答；解决办法;解决方案adj.古典的;古典文学的史蒂夫(男子名)adj.喜爱的;多情的;喜欢的喜欢'爱好莎拉；萨拉(女子名)乔(男子名)n.火柴n.镜子vt.&vi.油煎；油炸n.炮；枪n.锤子；槌n.&vi.&vt.锯n.绳；索；绳索n.罗盘；指南针n.电影vt.&vi投掷；投射；抛汤姆.汉克斯(美国男影星)查克.诺兰德(男子名)vt.幸免于;从......中生还vi.幸存adj.荒芜的；荒废的vt.&vi.&n.打猎；猎取；搜寻搜索;追寻;寻找为了威尔逊(男子名)vt.&vi.分享；共有；分配n.共享；份额n.悲哀；悲痛担心；关心n.触觉;知觉;感觉;情绪例如......n.飞机n.降落伞n.谎话；谎言n.演说；讲话；语音n.&vt.&vi.冒险；冒险经历n.笔记本；笔记本式电脑adj.恐惧的n.网友n.南卡罗来纳州(美国州名)给某人写信(通常指写短信)adj.正式的；正规的n.错误；差错。
必修 1 第一单元Reading阅读ANNE’S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are goi ng through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮 ? 弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said,“I don’ twant to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself t o be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,”thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said. “My name is Yo ng Hui. I’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day ! The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted. “Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wante d to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’t you sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice c ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said, “I miss my vegetables and fruit.” Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed. “Yes,” he added, “an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ”“Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’t yo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets. “According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng. “I don’t offer enough fibre and you don’t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.”So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY: Who? Me, sir?RODERICK: Yes, you.OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door) Thanks.SERV ANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK: How do you do, Mr …er …?HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY: Thank you.RODERICK: Your are an American?HENRY: That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK: How well do you know London?HENRY: Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions?HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY: Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK: How is that possible?HENRY: Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay…(his eyesstare at what is left of the brothers’ dinner on the table) OLIVER: Well, go on.HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. It was all my fault. I didn’tknow whether I could survive until morning. The nextmorning I’d just about given myself up for lost when Iwas spotted by a ship.OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but …(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK: Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY: I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’t mind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I don’t think it’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now if you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK: Please don’t go Mr Adams. You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it)Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock. HENRY: Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY: Oh, no. I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER: Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY: Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about? RODERICK: You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERV ANT: This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise?HENRY: Promise. Goodbye.Act I, Scene 4(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER: (seeing Henry’s poor appearance) That one’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace. HENRY: (after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick. I’d also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.W AITER: Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money. HENRY: I understand. And i’ll have a large glass of beer.W AITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. OWNER: We’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer.W AITER: Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?W AITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same. OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.W AITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes?W AITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner)That was a wonderful meal. It’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’t have them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again)Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I’m very sorry. But …I …I don’t have anything smaller. OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, …er …just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth) Do you think it’s genuine?HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’t know. I simply don’t know.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount …Anyway, I don’t think it’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it!HOSTESS: (hits her husband’s arm)And you put him in the back of the restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’t worry, sir. Doesn’t matter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well …thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes. That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH” FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth.”They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’t leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,” he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.” The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,” he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
高中英语教材（人教版）
必修一
Unit 1Friendship直接间接引语：陈述句和疑问句Unit 2English around the world直接 | 间接引语：要求和命令Unit3Travel journal现在进行时态表将来
Unit 4Earthquakes That|which|who|whose 引导的定
语从句
Unit 5Nelson Mandela-a Where\when\why\prep+which|wh modern hero om 引导的定语从句
必修二
Unit 1Cultural relics限制和非限制性定语从句Unit 2The Olympic Games一般将来时的被动语态Unit 3Computers现在完成时的被动语态Unit 4Wildlife protection现在进行时的被动语态
Unit 5Music
定语从句（prep+which\whom）
必修三
Unit 1Festivals around the world情态动词
Unit 2Healthy eating Ought to
Unit 3The million pound bank note宾语表语从句
Unit 4Astronomy: the science of stars主语从句
Unit 5Canada-the true north同位语从句
必修四
Unit 1Women of achievement主谓一致
Unit 2Working the land-ing形式作主语宾语Unit 3 A taste of English humor-ing 形式作表语定语宾补Unit 4Body language-ing形式作定语状语
Unit 5Theme parks合成派生转化
精心整理
必修五
Unit 1Great scientists过去分词作定语表语Unit 2The united kingdom过去分词作宾补Unit 3Life in the future过去分词作状语定语Unit 4Making the news倒装
Unit 5First aid省略
选修六
Unit 1Art虚拟语气
Unit 2Poems虚拟语气
Unit 3 A healthy life It
Unit 4Global warming It
Unit 5The power of nature-ing 形式
选修七
Unit 1Living well动词不定式
Unit 2Robots被动语态及动词不定式的被动形式Unit 3Under the sea被动语态及 -ing 形式被动语态Unit 4Sharing限制性定语从句
Unit 5Traveling abroad非限制性定语从句
选修八
Unit 1 A land of diversity名词性从句（主、表、宾）Unit 2cloning同位语从句
Unit 3Inventors and
过去分词作定语，表语，宾语补足语Inventions
Unit 4Pygmalion过去分词作状语Unit 5Meeting your ancestors动词时态
精心整理。
