高中英语独立主格精炼习题学案(有答案)

高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题带答案解析1.The teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. “book in hand” is an example of_________.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.independent nominative structureD.adverbial clause答案解析：C。

“book in hand”是独立主格结构。

A 选项“名词+现在分词”不符合；B 选项“名词+过去分词”不符合；D 选项“状语从句”也不符合。

2.After finishing his homework, Tom went out to play. “After finishing his homework” is_________.A.independent nominative structureB.present participle phraseC.past participle phraseD.adverbial clause答案解析：B。

“After finishing his homework”是现在分词短语，不是独立主格结构。

A 选项独立主格结构不符合；C 选项过去分词短语不符合；D 选项状语从句不符合。

3.The girl sat there, eyes closed. “eyes closed” is_________.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.independent nominative structureD.adverbial clause答案解析：C。

“eyes closed”是独立主格结构。

A 选项“名词+现在分词”不符合；B 选项“名词+过去分词”表述不准确；D 选项“状语从句”不符合。

1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is1._________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving2.__________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsB. New words explaining D. Being explained new words1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being better conditions3.________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK4.___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C5._________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6._________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. Being a sword in handD. sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand3.He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being in eyes4.He left the office __________.A. with tears being in eyesB. with tears in her eyesC. being tears in eyesD. tears being in eyes1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. As there wasC. There wasD.A and B2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. It beingB. As it isC. BeingD.A and B3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Brother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C4.____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C1.__________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. After the signal was givenC. Given the signalD.A and B2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD. A and B2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD.A,B and C1.We have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above2.The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap on was on headD. all the above3.Father came home,_________A. a dog following himB. a dog followed himC. being followed by a dogD. all the above1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. To guideB. GuidingC. GuidedD. To have guide2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. Being working1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done1.She left the offices with tears ________.A. in her eyesB. in eyes B. being in eyes D. to be in eyes2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind5.You can’t see well ________.A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. withD. all the above1、原因状语1._______late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. We beingD.A and B2.______ busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above2、时间状语1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A. When he was correctingB. When he correctedC. CorrectingD. all the above2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A. When you are praisedB. PraisedC. When praisedD. all the above3、条件状语1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.A. If he is givenB. If givenC. GivenD. all the above2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A. If I haveB. If havingC. HavingD. all the above4、伴随状语1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and he was carryingD. all the above2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。

高三英语独立主格结构练习题50题含答案解析1.The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand.book in hand 是什么结构？A.动词短语B.独立主格结构C.介词短语D.名词短语答案解析：B。

book in hand 是独立主格结构，其中book 是逻辑主语，in hand 是逻辑谓语，此结构在句中作伴随状语。

选项 A 动词短语通常由动词加副词或介词等构成，不符合；选项C 介词短语通常由介词加名词等构成，此处不是单纯的介词短语；选项D 名词短语一般只是名词的组合，这里也不是。

2.Students sat in the classroom, eyes fixed on the blackboard.eyes fixed on the blackboard 是什么结构？A.动词短语B.独立主格结构C.现在分词短语D.过去分词短语答案解析：B。

eyes fixed on the blackboard 是独立主格结构，eyes 是逻辑主语，fixed on the blackboard 是逻辑谓语，在句中作伴随状语。

选项 C 现在分词短语表示主动进行，这里不是；选项 D 过去分词短语单独看可以认为是，但在这个语境下它是独立主格结构；选项 A不符合。

3.The bell ringing, students rushed out of the classroom.The bell ringing 是什么结构？A.独立主格结构B.现在分词短语C.动词短语D.名词短语答案解析：A。

The bell ringing 是独立主格结构，bell 是逻辑主语，ringing 是逻辑谓语，在句中作时间状语。

选项B 现在分词短语单独可以这么说，但在此处它是独立主格结构；选项C 动词短语通常有完整的动词形式，这里不是；选项D 明显错误。

4.Teacher explaining the problem, students listened carefully.Teacher explaining the problem 是什么结构？A.独立主格结构B.现在分词短语C.动词短语D.过去分词短语答案解析：A。

高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析1.The girl sat there, her eyes looking at the book, her mind lost in thought. In this sentence, “her eyes looking at the book” is an example of independent nominative structure. Which of the following sentences also uses this structure?A.Her hands holding the pen, she began to write.B.Her feet walking on the road, she felt happy.C.Her head nodding, she agreed.D.Her mouth smiling, she greeted everyone.答案解析：A、B、C、D 四个选项都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词的形式。

选项A“Her hands holding the pen”表示她的手拿着笔，在句中作伴随状语。

选项B“Her feet walking on the road”表示她的脚走在路上，在句中作伴随状语。

选项C“Her head nodding”表示她点头，在句中作伴随状语。

选项D“Her mouth smiling”表示她微笑着，在句中作伴随状语。

2.The boy lay on the grass, his eyes closed. Which of the following is NOT an example of independent nominative structure?A.His face red, he looked angry.B.His heart beating fast, he was nervous.C.His book open, he was reading.D.His sister came in, he was happy.答案解析：选项A、B、C 都是独立主格结构中名词加现在分词或形容词的形式。

独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。

独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。

（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。

2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。

These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。

高中英语独立主格结构练习题30题含答案解析1.The students having finished their homework, they went out to play.A.having finishedB.finishedC.finishingD.to finish答案解析：A。

此句中“The students having finished their homework”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The students”，与动词“finish”之间是主动关系，且动作发生在“went out to play”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。

B 选项“finished”是过去分词，表被动或完成，不符合逻辑主语与动词的关系；C 选项“finishing”是现在分词一般式，不能表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；D 选项“to finish”是不定式，通常表示将来的动作，也不符合题意。

2.The teacher walking into the classroom, silence fell.A.walking intoB.walked intoC.walks intoD.to walk into答案解析：A。

“The teacher walking into the classroom”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The teacher”，与动词“walk”之间是主动关系，用现在分词。

B 选项“walked into”是过去式，不是独立主格结构；C 选项“walks into”是一般现在时，也不是独立主格结构；D 选项“to walkinto”是不定式，不是独立主格结构且表将来，不符合语境。

3.The book lying on the desk is mine.A.lying ony onC.lies onD.to lie on答案解析：A。

“The book lying on the desk”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是“The book”，与动词“lie”之间是主动关系，用现在分词。

高一英语独立主格练习题40题(带答案)1. The students having left the classroom, the teacher began to clean the blackboard. ( )A. leftB. having leftC. leaveD. leaves答案：B。

解析：本题考查独立主格结构。

句子的主语是the teacher，“The students having left the classroom”是独立主格结构，表示在老师擦黑板之前学生已经离开教室这个动作已经完成，在独立主格结构中，逻辑主语students和leave之间是主动关系且动作已完成，所以用having left。

2. The homework ( ), the boy went out to play football.A. finishingB. finishedC. was finishedD. is finished答案：B。

解析：这里“the homework”是逻辑主语，“finished”是过去分词表示被动完成，独立主格结构表示作业被完成后男孩出去踢足球。

句子的谓语是“went out”，所以这里不能用谓语形式C和D，A 选项finishing表示主动进行，不符合题意。

3. Her mother ( ), she had to stay at home alone.A. being illB. was illC. illD. to be ill答案：A。

解析：“Her mother being ill”是独立主格结构，逻辑主语是her mother，和be ill之间是主动关系，这里表示原因，因为她妈妈病了，她不得不独自在家。

B选项是句子形式，不能用于此处；C 选项缺少be动词形式；D选项to be ill表示将来的动作，不符合语境。

4. All the tasks ( ), they went home happily.A. completeB. completedC. completingD. were completed答案：B。

高中英语非谓语动词独立主格结构专练1．The thief stood before the policeman, _______ admitting what he had done.A. with his dropping headB. dropped his headC. raising his headD. with his head down2．_______, he can't go out for a walk as usual．A. With so much work to doB. With so much work doingC. With so much work doneD. Without so much work to do3．It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _______.A. closed; openB. closed; openedC. closing；openD. closing; opening4．All things _______, the plan trip will have to be called off.A. be consideredB. consideredC. consideringD. having considering5．_______, we have to get down to business right away.A. As there was no time leftB. There is no time leftC. There being no time leftD. There to be no time left6．_______ yesterday, we went out for a walk.A. As a fine dayB. It was a fine dayC. It being a fine dayD. For it was a fine day7．The old man stood there, _______.A. with back against the wallB. with his back against the wallC. and back against wallD. his back was against the wall8．All flights _______ because of the snow-storm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. were cancelledB. having been cancelledC. had been cancelledD. have been cancelled9．_______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD. There is10．_______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting11．_______, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said12．_______, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather 13．The thief stood before the policeman，_______ admitting what he had done.A. with his dropping headB. dropped his headC. raising his headD. with his head down 14．She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down15．_______, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on 16．_______, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost 17．I used to sleep with the window _______.A. openedB. openC. openingD. to open18．_______, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder 19．He stood there silently, his lips _______.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembled20．_______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping参考答案1～5 DABBC 6～10 CBBBC 11～15 CACDB 16～20 BBCAB。

独立主格精讲及巩固提升练习一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

(2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的形式英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。

1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。

如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。

Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。

2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。

如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。

Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。

3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。

如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。

4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。

如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。

5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。

如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。

6.名词/ 代词+ 介词短语。

如(from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。

高二英语独立主格结构练习题40题含答案解析1.The students walked out of the classroom, each ______ their books.A.holdingB.heldC.to holdD.being held答案解析：A。

本题考查独立主格结构中名词/代词+现在分词形式。

句子中“each holding their books”是独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语，表示主动关系，即“每个学生拿着他们的书”。

B 选项held 是过去分词，表示被动关系，不符合语境；C 选项to hold 表示将来的动作，不符合此处语境；D 选项being held 也是被动形式，且强调正在进行的被动动作，不符合题意。

2.The teacher entered the room, a book ______ in his hand.A.holdingB.heldC.to holdD.being held答案解析：B。

本题考查独立主格结构中名词/代词+过去分词形式。

“a book held in his hand”是独立主格结构，book 与hold 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词held。

A 选项holding 是主动关系，不符合；C 选项to hold 表示将来动作，不符合；D 选项being held 强调正在进行的被动动作，在此处不合适。

3.The boys played basketball on the playground, some ______ loudly.A.shoutingB.shoutedC.to shoutD.being shouted答案解析：A。

考查独立主格结构中名词/代词+现在分词形式。

“some shouting loudly”是独立主格结构，some 与shout 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词shouting。

B 选项shouted 是过去分词，表被动；C 选项to shout 表将来；D 选项being shouted 是被动形式且强调正在进行的被动动作，均不符合题意。