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材料力学英语。
Material Mechanics is an applied science focusing on the behavior of solids subjected to various external loads or forces. It is a branch of mechanics that studies the relationship between the internal forces and moments in a material body and the response of said materials in terms of strain, stress, and deformations. The primary aim is to predict the mechanical response of different materials when exposed to load or force.Material mechanics is a highly technical field. It is based on mathematical models and physical principles, such as conservation of energy, view of forces and moments, and equilibrium conditions. Most mechanical properties of materials are determined by experiment, such as the tensile strength, fracture resistance, and fracture toughness. By combining mechanics and materials science, researchers are able to measure and predict material properties such as strength and ductility.Material mechanics also involves the application of structural dynamics, which involves the use of mathematical models and numerical methods to analyze how loads and stresses affect structures. This includes determining how structures are affected when subjected to cyclic loading, seismic vibrations, and other dynamic phenomena.Computer-based modeling techniques are increasingly being used in material mechanics to simulate and analyze the response of materials to different loading conditions. Thesemodels allow for detailed examination of a structure's behavior, enabling engineers to more accurately predict how a structure will respond to different loading conditions.Material mechanics is used in a wide range of industries, particularly in aeronautical, aerospace, and automotive engineering. It is also commonly used in manufacturing processes, such as the manufacture of electronic and electronic components, as well as in civil engineering, where it is used to determine the structural integrity of buildings and other structures. In addition, material mechanics plays an important role in the study of sports and recreation, as well as in medical science, where it is used to design orthopedic implants and prosthetics.。
材料科学基础专业词汇english1.Material - 材料2.Property - 性质3.Structure - 结构4.Morphology - 形态5.Phase - 相6.Alloy - 合金7.Polymer - 聚合物8.Ceramic - 陶瓷9.Glass - 玻璃10.Metal - 金属11.Semiconductor - 半导体12.Nanomaterial - 纳米材料posite - 复合材料14.Adhesive - 粘合剂15.Coating - 涂层16.Electrode - 电极17.Catalyst - 催化剂18.Poisoning - 毒化19.Oxidation - 氧化20.Corrosion - 腐蚀21.Fracture - 断裂22.Failure - 失效23.Stress - 应变24.Strain - 应变25.Elasticity - 弹性26.Plasticity - 塑性27.Strength - 强度28.Ductility - 延展性29.Malleability - 可锻性30.Resilience - 回弹性31.Thermal Expansion - 热膨胀32.Thermal Conductivity - 热导率33.Electrical Resistivity - 电阻率34.Magnetic Susceptibility - 磁导率35.Elastic Constant - 弹性常数36.Yield Point - 屈服点37.Tensile Strength - 抗拉强度pressive Strength - 抗压强度39.Shear Strength - 抗剪强度40.Impact Strength - 冲击强度41.Fatigue Limit - 疲劳极限42.Hardness - 硬度43.Wear Resistance - 耐磨性44.Electrical Conductivity - 导电性45.Magnetism - 磁性46.Optical Properties - 光学性质47.Thermal Properties - 热学性质48.Mechanical Properties - 机械性质49.Corrosion Resistance - 抗腐蚀性50.Surface Treatment - 表面处理。
挑选selection种类category进展evolution回收reclaim再生recycle萃取提取extraction实用性availability加工制造manufacture导电性electrical conductivity挤压extrusion锻造forge切削性machinability耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance 力学性能mechanical properties 导热性thermal conductivity抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 切变强度shear strength铆钉铆钉连接rivet构件component切应力transverse cutting熔点melting temperature密度density韧性toughness 弹性elasticity塑性plasticity永久变形deform permanently延展性ductility延压性malleability张力tensile load压力compressive load硬度hardness压痕indentation脆性brittleness刚性rigidity物理性能physical properties黄铜brass青铜bronze绝缘材料insulating materials导电材料conductor materials半导体semiconductor热固性塑料thermosetting plastics 介电常数permittivity电极electrode电容器capacitor磁阻reluctance铁磁材料ferromagnetic materials 磁导率permeability磁饱和magnetic saturation磁滞性hysteresis滞后效应lagging force永久磁铁permanent magnet磁滞回线magnetic hysteresis loops 硬磁材料hard magnetic materials 软磁材料soft magnetic materials矫顽力coercive force磨削grind屏蔽材料shielding materials发动机motor发电机generator电烙铁soldering iron线膨胀系数coefficient of linear expansion比热容specific heat capacity可熔性fusibility耐火材料refractory materials工程材料engineering materials金属metal黑色金属ferrous metal有色金属non-ferrous metal非金属non-metallic material合成材料synthetic material 天然材料nature material碳钢carbon steel(low/medium/high)合金钢alloy steel灰口铸铁grey cast iron白口铸铁white cast iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron高强度铸铁high-duty cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron熟铁wrought iron夹杂物inclusion塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic硬质合金cemented carbide复合材料composite混凝土concreteSiO2 silica石灰石limestone石棉asbestos染料colorant刚玉emery花岗岩granite蓝宝石sapphire金属陶瓷cermet木质素基体matrix of lignin热处理heat treatment淬火quench退火anneal正火normalizing加工硬化work hardened再结晶recrystallisation钢的锈蚀rusting of steel塑料的降解degradation of plastic成分composition同素异形体allotropy宏/微观macro-/microscopical介观meso结晶度crystallinity原子atom带负电的电子negatively charged electron带正电的质子positively charged proton电中性electrically neutral原子模型atomic model电子轨道electron orbit原子核nucleus中子neutron 粒子particle离子ion分子molecule同位素isotope带正电的electropositive带负电的electronegative惰性气体noble gases高分子macromolecule共价键covalent bond离子键ionic bond金属键metallic bond几何点阵结构geometrical lattice structure斥力repulsive force引力force of attraction静电力electrostatic force升华sublime振动状态state of vibration绝对零度absolute zero潜热latent heat晶体crystal饱和固溶体saturated solution沥青pitch非晶的amorphous单胞unit cell空间点阵space lattice体心立方body-centred-cubic面心立方face-centred-cubic密排六方close-packed-hexagonal 四方tetragonal正交orthorhombic收缩shrinkage同素异形体现象allotropy同素异构多晶体polymorphism 晶粒结构grain structure取样sample抛光polish显微镜microscope阻止impede侵蚀etch粒状granular晶体生长crystal growth非晶体amorphous solid迁移性mobility结晶crystalline过冷under-cooling凝固点freezing temperature形核nucleation 树枝状生长dendritic growth冷却曲线cooling curve一次/二次/三次枝晶primary/secondary/tertiary arms尖端spike融化潜热latent heat of fusion切削余量machining allowance凝固缺陷solidification defect缩松porosity缩孔shrinkage cavity枝晶间缩松interdendritic porosity 内浇口runner补缩冒口riser错排disorientation粘滞的viscous蠕变creep穿晶断裂transverse cracking沿晶断裂intercrystalline cracking表面细晶区fine chill grain at the surface柱状晶long columnar等轴晶large equi-axed crystal偏析segregation夹杂inclusion主体金属host metal变色污染discoloration轮廓outlining轧制roll粉碎crumble冷淬热淬cold/hot short铸锭ingot残留trap疲劳裂纹fatigue crack变钝blunt剥落chip铸造气氛foundry atmosphere脱气degass通风ventilationHCl hydrogen chloride湿砂green-sand气孔blow-hole球的/椭圆的孔洞spherical/oval cavity间断discontinuity肉眼unaided eye低倍放大镜low power magnifying glass腐蚀剂enchant 显微法microscopy显微镜载物台microscope slide操作handle砂纸abrasive paper抛光机polishing machine气体疏松gas porosity零件component金相显微镜microscopical metallography不透明的opaque滤色片color filter旋转台turret物镜objective lenses放大率magnification甲/乙醇methyl/ethyl alcohol珠光体pearlite马氏体martensite屈氏体troostite铁素体ferrite晶界boundary苦味酸picric acid硬铝duralumin铜镍合金cupro-nickel alloy四价的quadruvalen价电子层valency shell晶片wafer本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor 掺杂半导体extrinsic semiconductor 热振动thermally温度传感器temperature senser毫安计milliammeter晶体管transistor二极管diode掺杂dopant五价的pentavulent外赋电流extrinsic current flow失主donor element受主acceptor空位hole载流子charged carrier三价的trivalent硼boronPN结junction耗尽层depletion正偏压forward bias绝缘带insulating gap电子开关electronic switch聚合物polymeric material 误称misnomer热固性thermosetting热塑性thermoplastic弹性体elastomer甲醛formaldehyde三氯氢胺melamine桌球snooker弹子球billiards餐具table-wear家电domestic electrical fitting 强化reinforce柔韧的pliable雨水管rain guttering下水管down-piping交联cross-link硫化vulcanize刚性stiffness硬橡胶ebonite构成单元building block甲烷methane乙烷ethane碳氢化合物hydrocarbon烷烃alkane烯烃olefin环烷烃naphthene芳香烃aromatic煤油paraffin石蜡wax原料base stock乙烯ethylene丙烯propylene中间产物intermediate环己烷cyclohexane溶剂solvent炸药explosive苯乙烯styrene单体monomer氯chlorine氟fluorine直链型linear chain支链型brunched chain交链型cross-linked chain固化curing单体加成addition of monomers 缩聚condensation酚醛树脂bakelite苯酚phenol硬化剂hardener 聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene 螺旋状的/螺旋helical/helix甲基methyl缠结 a tangle lines亚微观尺度submicroscopic scale微晶crystallite渗入penetration增塑剂plasticizer抗渗impervious形貌morphology单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation光泽gloss透明度clarity光学的optical吹制薄膜film blowing碾压工艺rolling process比容specific volume聚乙烯ploythene流体streamline反跳bounced粉碎shatter碎片fragment拉伸模量tensile modulus展开uncoil延伸extension聚苯乙烯polystyrene柔韧pliable鼓风air blast辐射热radiant heat记忆效应memory effects 预拉伸prestretch包装package日用品commodity。
挑选selection种类category进展evolution回收reclaim再生recycle萃取提取extraction实用性availability加工制造manufacture导电性electrical conductivity挤压extrusion锻造forge切削性machinability耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance 力学性能mechanical properties 导热性thermal conductivity抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 切变强度shear strength铆钉铆钉连接rivet构件component切应力transverse cutting熔点melting temperature密度density 韧性toughness弹性elasticity塑性plasticity永久变形deform permanently延展性ductility延压性malleability张力tensile load压力compressive load硬度hardness压痕indentation脆性brittleness刚性rigidity物理性能physical properties黄铜brass青铜bronze绝缘材料insulating materials导电材料conductor materials半导体semiconductor热固性塑料thermosetting plastics 介电常数permittivity电极electrode电容器capacitor磁阻reluctance1铁磁材料ferromagnetic materials磁导率permeability磁饱和magnetic saturation磁滞性hysteresis滞后效应lagging force永久磁铁permanent magnet磁滞回线magnetic hysteresis loops 硬磁材料hard magnetic materials 软磁材料soft magnetic materials矫顽力coercive force磨削grind屏蔽材料shielding materials发动机motor发电机generator电烙铁soldering iron线膨胀系数coefficient of linear expansion比热容specific heat capacity可熔性fusibility耐火材料refractory materials工程材料engineering materials金属metal黑色金属ferrous metal 有色金属non-ferrous metal非金属non-metallic material合成材料synthetic material天然材料nature material碳钢carbon steel(low/medium/high)合金钢alloy steel灰口铸铁grey cast iron白口铸铁white cast iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron高强度铸铁high-duty cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron熟铁wrought iron夹杂物inclusion塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic硬质合金cemented carbide复合材料composite混凝土concreteSiO2 silica石灰石limestone石棉asbestos染料colorant2刚玉emery花岗岩granite蓝宝石sapphire金属陶瓷cermet木质素基体matrix of lignin热处理heat treatment淬火quench退火anneal正火normalizing加工硬化work hardened再结晶recrystallisation钢的锈蚀rusting of steel塑料的降解degradation of plastic成分composition同素异形体allotropy宏/微观macro-/microscopical介观meso结晶度crystallinity原子atom带负电的电子negatively charged electron带正电的质子positively charged proton 电中性electrically neutral原子模型atomic model电子轨道electron orbit原子核nucleus中子neutron粒子particle离子ion分子molecule同位素isotope带正电的electropositive带负电的electronegative惰性气体noble gases高分子macromolecule共价键covalent bond离子键ionic bond金属键metallic bond几何点阵结构geometrical lattice structure斥力repulsive force引力force of attraction静电力electrostatic force升华sublime振动状态state of vibration3绝对零度absolute zero潜热latent heat晶体crystal饱和固溶体saturated solution沥青pitch非晶的amorphous单胞unit cell空间点阵space lattice体心立方body-centred-cubic面心立方face-centred-cubic密排六方close-packed-hexagonal 四方tetragonal正交orthorhombic收缩shrinkage同素异形体现象allotropy同素异构多晶体polymorphism 晶粒结构grain structure取样sample抛光polish显微镜microscope阻止impede侵蚀etch粒状granular 晶体生长crystal growth非晶体amorphous solid迁移性mobility结晶crystalline过冷under-cooling凝固点freezing temperature形核nucleation树枝状生长dendritic growth冷却曲线cooling curve一次/二次/三次枝晶primary/secondary/tertiary arms尖端spike融化潜热latent heat of fusion切削余量machining allowance凝固缺陷solidification defect缩松porosity缩孔shrinkage cavity枝晶间缩松interdendritic porosity 内浇口runner补缩冒口riser错排disorientation粘滞的viscous蠕变creep4穿晶断裂transverse cracking沿晶断裂intercrystalline cracking表面细晶区fine chill grain at the surface柱状晶long columnar等轴晶large equi-axed crystal偏析segregation夹杂inclusion主体金属host metal变色污染discoloration轮廓outlining轧制roll粉碎crumble冷淬热淬cold/hot short铸锭ingot残留trap疲劳裂纹fatigue crack变钝blunt剥落chip铸造气氛foundry atmosphere脱气degass通风ventilationHCl hydrogen chloride 湿砂green-sand气孔blow-hole球的/椭圆的孔洞spherical/oval cavity间断discontinuity肉眼unaided eye低倍放大镜low power magnifying glass腐蚀剂enchant显微法microscopy显微镜载物台microscope slide操作handle砂纸abrasive paper抛光机polishing machine气体疏松gas porosity零件component金相显微镜microscopical metallography不透明的opaque滤色片color filter旋转台turret物镜objective lenses放大率magnification5甲/乙醇methyl/ethyl alcohol珠光体pearlite马氏体martensite屈氏体troostite铁素体ferrite晶界boundary苦味酸picric acid硬铝duralumin铜镍合金cupro-nickel alloy四价的quadruvalen价电子层valency shell晶片wafer本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor 掺杂半导体extrinsic semiconductor 热振动thermally温度传感器temperature senser毫安计milliammeter晶体管transistor二极管diode掺杂dopant五价的pentavulent外赋电流extrinsic current flow失主donor element 受主acceptor空位hole载流子charged carrier三价的trivalent硼boronPN结junction耗尽层depletion正偏压forward bias绝缘带insulating gap电子开关electronic switch聚合物polymeric material误称misnomer热固性thermosetting热塑性thermoplastic弹性体elastomer甲醛formaldehyde三氯氢胺melamine桌球snooker弹子球billiards餐具table-wear家电domestic electrical fitting 强化reinforce柔韧的pliable6雨水管rain guttering下水管down-piping交联cross-link硫化vulcanize刚性stiffness硬橡胶ebonite构成单元building block 甲烷methane乙烷ethane碳氢化合物hydrocarbon 烷烃alkane烯烃olefin环烷烃naphthene芳香烃aromatic煤油paraffin石蜡wax原料base stock乙烯ethylene丙烯propylene中间产物intermediate 环己烷cyclohexane溶剂solvent炸药explosive 苯乙烯styrene单体monomer氯chlorine氟fluorine直链型linear chain支链型brunched chain交链型cross-linked chain固化curing单体加成addition of monomers缩聚condensation酚醛树脂bakelite苯酚phenol硬化剂hardener聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene 螺旋状的/螺旋helical/helix甲基methyl缠结 a tangle lines亚微观尺度submicroscopic scale微晶crystallite渗入penetration增塑剂plasticizer抗渗impervious形貌morphology7日用品commodity 单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation光泽gloss透明度clarity光学的optical吹制薄膜film blowing碾压工艺rolling process比容specific volume聚乙烯ploythene流体streamline反跳bounced粉碎shatter碎片fragment拉伸模量tensile modulus展开uncoil延伸extension聚苯乙烯polystyrene柔韧pliable鼓风air blast辐射热radiant heat记忆效应memory effects预拉伸prestretch包装package8。
材料性能中英文对照物理性能Physical properties机械性能Mechanical properties 热性能Thermal properties难燃性Flame retardance玻纤含量Glass Fiber Content比重Specific gravity抗张性Tensile properties弯曲性Flexural properties IZOD 缺口冲击强度IZOD impact value热变形温度Deflection temperatureunder load拉伸强度Tensile strength断裂伸长率Elongation at break熔融指数Melt flow rate弯曲强度Flexural strength弯曲弹性率/摸量Flexural modulus测试项目Properties item测试条件Test condition测试方法Test method测试数值Test method单位Unites吸水率Water Absorption全光线透射率Light Transmittance雾度Haze折射率Refractive Index抗拉强度Resistance strength伸长率Tensility拉伸弹性率Tensile flexibility弯曲弹性模量Curve flexibility module 悬臂梁式冲击强度Izod impact strength ofunnotched specimens 洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness表面电阻系数Surface Resistivity体积电阻系数Volume Resistivity绝缘击穿强度Dielectric Strength介电常数Dielectric Constant介质衰耗因数Dissipation Factor维卡软化温度Vicat Softening Poin比热Specific heat线膨胀系数Coefficient of LinearThermal Expansion。
材料专业英语必背词汇汇总下面是一些材料专业英语必备词汇的汇总：1. Material（材料）2. Property（性能）3. Structure（结构）5. Alloy（合金）7. Polymer（聚合物）8. Ceramics（陶瓷）9. Metal（金属）10. Mechanical（机械性能）11. Electrical（电性能）12. Thermal（热性能）13. Optical（光学性能）14. Strength（强度）15. Toughness（韧性）16. Hardness（硬度）17. Ductility（延展性）18. Brittleness（脆性）19. Elasticity（弹性）20. Conductivity（导电性）21. Corrosion（腐蚀）22. Fatigue（疲劳）23. Fracture（断裂）24. Melting point（熔点）25. Boiling point（沸点）26. Density（密度）27. Thermal conductivity（热导率）28. Modulus（模量）29. Creep（蠕变）30. Solubility（溶解性）31. Resistance（电阻）32. Stiffness（刚度）33. Viscoelasticity（粘弹性）34. Malleability（延展性）35. Refractivity（折射性）36. Optoelectronic（光电子）37. Processing（加工）38. Fabrication（制造）39. Casting（铸造）40. Welding（焊接）41. Machining（机械加工）42. Forming（成形）43. Molding（塑料成型）44. Extrusion（挤压）45. Injection molding（注塑）46. Sintering（烧结）47. Annealing（退火）48. Quenching（淬火）49. Tempering（回火）50. Brazing（钎焊）请注意，这只是一些基本的词汇，因此在学习材料专业英语时还应该扩展词汇量，并结合具体的材料科学与工程知识进行学习和实践。
材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes比例极限proportional limit边界条件boundary conditions变截面梁beam of variable cross section 变形deformation变形协调方程compatibility equation 标距gage length泊松比Poisson’s ratio补偿块compensating blockC材料力学mechanics of materials冲击荷载impact load初应力，预应力initial stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲pure bending脆性材料brittle materialsD大柔度杆long columns单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法unit-load method单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束redundant restraintE二向应力状态state of biaxial stressF分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigid joint高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料isotropical material功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计active strain gage工作应力working stress构件structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形lateral deformation胡克定律Hook’s law滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energydensity极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力shear force剪力方程equation of shear force剪力图shear force diagram剪流shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法method of sections截面几何性质geometrical properties ofan area截面核心core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of astatically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题staticallyindeterminate problem静定问题statically determinate problem静荷载static load静矩，一次矩static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open crosssection抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数section modulus inbendingL拉压刚度axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plasticassumption力法force method力学性能mechanical properties连续梁continuous beam连续条件continuity condition梁beams临界应力critical stress临界荷载critical loadM迈因纳定律Miner’s law名义屈服强度offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure敏感栅sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximatelydifferential equation of the deflectioncurve内力internal forces扭力矩twisting moment扭矩torsional moment扭矩图torque diagram扭转torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角angel of twist扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度torsional rigidityO欧拉公式Euler’s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurancelimit疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳寿命fatigue life偏心拉伸eccentric tension偏心压缩eccentric compression平均应力average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度strength强度理论theory of strength强度条件strength condition切变模量shear modulus切应变shear strain切应力shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服yield屈服强度yield strength全桥接线法full bridgeR热应力thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率elongation圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformationductile materials塑性材料，延性材料塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量spring constant弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy ofvolume change体应变volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理reciprocal-displacementtheorem稳定条件stability condition稳定性stability稳定安全因数safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度slenderness ratio线性弹性体linear elastic body约束扭转constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度equivalent length相当应力equivalent stress小柔度杆short columns形心轴centroidal axis形状系数shape factor许用应力allowable stress许用应力法allowable stress method许用荷载allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花strain rosette应变计strain gage应变能strain energy应变能密度strain energy density应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比stress ratio应力幅stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中stress concentration应力集中因数stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cyclecurve应力－应变图stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stressesZ正应变normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆intermediate columns中性层neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴shaft轴力axial force轴力图axial force diagram轴向变形axial deformation轴向拉伸axial tension轴向压缩axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidalmoments of inertia主形心轴principal centroidal axis转角angel of rotation转轴公式transformation equation自由扭转free torsion组合变形combined deformation组合截面composite area最大切应力理论maximum shear stresstheory最大拉应变理论maximum tensile straintheory最大拉应力理论maximum tensile stresstheory最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress。
材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。
Asafety factorBhalf bridgethin-walled tubes proportional limit boundary conditionsbeam of variable cross section deformationcompatibility equationgage lengthPoisson’s ratio compensating blockCmechanics of materials impact loadinitial stresspure shearpure bendingbrittle materialsDlong columnsunit loadunit coupleunit-load methoduniaxial stressbeam of constant strength low-cycle fatiguebridge balancing resistance strain gage resistance strain indicator superposition method superposition principle dynamic load percentage reduction in arearedundant restraintEstate of biaxial stressFdistributed forcestate of triaxial stresscomposite materialGbarstiffnessframerigid jointhigh-cycle fatigueisotropical materialreciprocal-work theoremactive strain gageworking stressstructural memberradius of gyration of an areaproduct of inertiamoment of inertiageneralized Hook’s lawHlateral deformationHook’s lawslip-linesJprimary systemdistortion energy theorydistortional strain energy densitypolar moment of inertiaultimate stresslimit loadbearing stressshear forceequation of shear forceshear force diagramshear flowHook’s law for shearshearcyclic stressmethod of sectionsgeometrical properties of an areacore of sectiondegree of a statically indeterminateproblemstatically indeterminate problemstatically determinate problemstatic loadstatic momentneckingKbar of thin-walled open cross sectionultimate stress in tensionsection modulus in torsionultimate stress in torsionsection modulus in bendingLaxial rigidityaxially loaded barelastic-perfectly plastic assumptionforce methodmechanical propertiescontinuous beamcontinuity conditionbeamscritical stress临界荷载critical loadMMiner’s lawoffset yielding stressMohr theory of failuresensitive gridNdeflectiondeflection curveequation of deflection curveapproximately differential equation of thedeflection curveinternal forcestwisting momenttorsional momenttorque diagramtorsionultimate stress in torsionangel of twistyielding stress in torsiontorsional rigidityOEuler’s formulaPendurance limitfatigue rupturefatigue lifeeccentric tensioneccentric compressionaverage stressplane bendingstate of plane stressparallel axis theoremplane cross-section assumptionQstrengththeory of strengthstrength conditionshear modulusshear strainshear stresstheorem of conjugate shearing stress yieldyield strengthfull bridgeRthermal stressSstate of triaxial stressthree-element rectangular rosette three-element delta rosette bucklingelongationSaint-Venant’s principle experimental stress analysis plastic deformationductile materialsplastic hingeTspring constantelastic deformationmodulus of elasticitybody forcedensity of energy of volume change volume strainWbending momentequation of bending moment bending moment diagrambendingflexural rigiditynormal stress in bendingshear stress in bendingshear centerdisplacement methodreciprocal-displacement theoremstability conditionstabilitysafety factor for stabilityXslenderness ratiolinear elastic bodyconstraint torsionequivalent lengthequivalent stressshort columnscentroidal axisshape factorallowable stressallowable stress methodallowable loadallowable load methodYstrain rosettestrain gagestrain energystrain energy densitystressstress ratiostress ratiostress amplitudestate of stressstress concentrationstress concentration factorstress-cycle curvestress-strain diagramMohr’s circle for stressesZnormal strainnormal stressmiddle planeintermediate columnsneutral surfaceneutral axisshaftaxial forceaxial force diagramaxial deformationaxial tensionaxial compressionprincipal planesprincipal stressprincipal stress trajectoryprincipal axisprincipal moment of inertiaprincipal centroidal moments of inertiaprincipal centroidal axisangel of rotationtransformation equationfree torsioncombined deformationcomposite areamaximum shear stress theorymaximum tensile strain theorymaximum tensile stress theorymaximum stressminimum stress。
