英语总复习虚拟语气难点、易错点(1)
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虚拟语气重难点分析一、虚拟语气的使用范围:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
语气是区别说话人说话口气的语法范畴,英语中的语气分为三种:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
在这三种语气中,虚拟语气有着特殊的表达形式,主要用来表达非真实的假设。
该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。
二、虚拟语气的判断:1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。
if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。
假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
其形式分为以下三种:(1)与过去事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would,could, might) + have + 过去分词”。
Eg: If I had been invited, I would have come to the party.(实际情况是:当时没有邀请我,我也没有去。
)(2)与现在事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
Eg: If I could help you, I would help you. (实际情况是:我现在不能帮你,也不会帮你。
)(3)与将来事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
Eg: If it were to /should rain tomorrow, I would say in bed all day long.(实际情况是:明天不大可能会下雨,我也不大可能睡一整天。
高考英语虚拟语气知识点易错题汇编(1)一、选择题1.Look at the trouble you are in!_______your parents’ advice.A.If only you would have followed B.If only you followedC.If only you would follow D.If only you had followed2.-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result.A.might get B.may get C.may have got D.might have got 3.You can download it and rewrite your report using your own words you acknowledge where you got your information by attaching a list of websites you got your information from. A.should B.mayC.would D.could4.If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in WorldWarⅡ.A.was not; would die B.were not; would have diedC.had not been; would died D.had not been; would have died5.Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays.A.won’t be B.hadn’t beenC.wouldn’t be D.can’t be6.The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on.A.shall B.shouldC.can D.may7.With the help of the detective Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother insisted an amount of money as a reward.A.to give B.on his giving C.he was given D.he be given 8.louder, all the students would hear.A.If the teacher had spoken B.If the teacher will speakC.Had the teacher spoken D.If the teacher spoke9.It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem.A.make B.made C.to make D.will make10.It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet.A.will fight B.fought C.would fight D.fight11.I can’t thank you more, Tony. But for your timely warning, I into great trouble yesterday. A.had got B.got C.would have got D.would get12._____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A.To avoid being affected; be B.To avoid to be affected; would beC.Avoid being affected; should be D.Avoiding to be affected; be13.-Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.- I wish they ______ always late.A.aren’t B.weren’t C.wouldn’t be D.hadn’t been 14.The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A.desire; are sent B.desiring; were sentC.desire; be sent D.desiring; be sent15.If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A.were to B.will C.would D.is to16.She insisted that she ________ to the disaster-hit area and that her request ________ reasonable.A.be sent, was B.should send, wasC.should be sent, be D.send, should be17.It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A.did I know B.have I knownC.do I know D.had I known18.The order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.A.that; had to leave B.that; should leaveC./; must leave D.when; should leave19.He’s working hard for fear that he _______.A.should fall behind B.fell behindC.may fall behind D.would fallen behind20.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.A.had B.will have C.would have had D.had had21.His expression suggested that he ____the invitation and he suggested full preparations _____. A.had accepted; would be made B.accepted; be madeC.has accepted; make D.had accepted; be made22.Experts recommended parents _____their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustn’t allow D.couldn’t allow 23.Many things we benefit from now wouldn't be around _______ Albert Einstein.A.aside from B.thanks to C.but for D.regardless of 24.—How I wish I __________ fly to the moon!—Really? That would be great.A.can B.may C.should D.could25.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.A.need have done B.must have doneC.can have done D.might have done【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除1.D解析:D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。
初中英语语法重难点专项讲解之虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不是事实。
虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的,因此,掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化,是掌握虚拟语气的关键。
一、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句中,一般表示祝愿、命令等。
谓语动词要用原形。
二、虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法(1)在状语从句中的用法1、条件句中的用法虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑,和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。
虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,只表示不同的虚拟语气,和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。
现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下;a. 表示与现在事实相反的情况①形式条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were) I (we) should You (he,she , +动词原形或:they,it ) would所有人称+might(could)+动词原形②用法:If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)b. 表示与过去誓死相反的情况①形式;条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词 I (we) shouldYou (he,she , +have+过去分词或:they,it ) would所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词②用法:I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterd ay’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )c. 表示与将来事实相反的情况①形式:条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式a. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用b. If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should+动词原形c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形 I (we) should You would +动词原形或:he(she,it ) would they wouldI (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形②用法:If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形,表示下雨的可能性极小。
虚拟语气重点难点把握虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点,因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。
现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下,以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例:I wish the were at home this time.2.用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。
例:I wish I hadn’t hurt him so much。
3.用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。
例:I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。
二、用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气(一)表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设1.与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他主句:主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他例:If I were you, I would go with him.2.与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。
例:If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.3.表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他主句:主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形例:If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.(二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式1.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。
英语《虚拟语气》语法知识总结归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)是英语中一种特殊的语气形式,用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等非真实情况。
虚拟语气在句子中通常与动词的调整和语法结构上的变化相关。
以下是对虚拟语气的语法知识的总结归纳:1.条件句中的虚拟语气:1.1 条件句中表示对现在的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去式,主句使用would/could/should/might + 动词原形。
例如:- If I were you, I would go to the meeting.(如果我是你,我会去开会。
)注意,这里的"were"是一个特殊的虚拟语气形式,用于所有人称和数。
- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.(如果她努力学习,她可能会通过考试。
)1.2 条件句中表示对过去的假设:使用虚拟语气的一般公式是:if + 主语 + 过去完成时,主句使用would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词。
例如:- If I had known it, I would have told you.(如果我知道了,我会告诉你的。
)- If she had arrived earlier, she might have caught the bus.(如果她早点到,她可能会赶上公共汽车。
)2.虚拟条件句中的特殊情况:2.1 在虚拟条件句中表示命令、建议时,主句中的动词可以使用动词原形(而不是would/could/should/might + 动词原形)。
例如:- If you have any questions, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。
)- If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你,我会休息一下。
【高考复习】高考英语易错点:虚拟语气易错点解剖高考英语易错性:虚拟语气i虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的易错点。
①如果我的律师周六没来,他会阻止我去的。
②ifyouhadstudiedhardatschool,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.句子① 和② 在条件句中使用虚拟语气,从句假设过去的情况,所以他们使用过去完成时态,但在主句中使用句子① 还是指过去的情况,谓语动词是would havedo,and②包含表示现在的时态,因此必须理解为假设现在的情况,因此,谓语动词必须是would/should/may+动词的原始形式。
学生经常忽略现在的存在,以句子的形式填写答案①.ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1.重要的(奇怪的、自然的、必要的……+那句话或它已经决定(命令、建议、要求、建议……)在主语从句中,谓语动词经常使用(应该)+动词的原始结构,表示某事是“重要的”、“必要的”、“确定的”等例如:①itisimportantthateveryone(should)obeytherulesalldayandallnight.②决定明天下午开会。
2.suggest,insist后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方1)当“建议”和“提出”时,下列宾语从句的谓语动词通常是“应该+动词原型”例如:hesuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce他建议立即动工。
在这些动词变成被动语态后(例如,它建议+主语从句),主语从句的谓语动词仍然使用“(应该)+动词的原始形式”这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后,其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”② 当“建议(观点)、暗示、启发”时,下列宾语从句的动词不使用虚拟语气。
例如:(1)thepolicesuggestedthatthethiefmightbeoneofthefamilymember警察局暗示小偷可能是他的家人。
人教版英语英语总复习虚拟语气难点、易错点一、初中英语虚拟语气1.—I don’t know what to wear at the party.— If I you, I would wear a shirt and a tie.A.am B.is C.were D.was【答案】C【解析】试题分析:if从句的虚拟语气,对于现在的虚拟用一般过去式,be动词都用were,故选C.句意:——我不知道聚会该穿什么。
——如果我是你,我会穿一件衬衫加一条领带。
故选C 考点:if条件句的虚拟语气点评:if条件句的虚拟语气,是中考要求掌握的知识点,分为三种情况:表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were),主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。
2.Luckily, he wasn’t driving fast at the time of accident; otherwise, I am sure, it _______ a more serious accident.A.would be B.were C.would have been D.had been【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:幸运的是,事故发生时他没有开快车;否则,我相信,这将是一个更严重的事故。
考查虚拟语气。
根据“wasn’t driving”是过去进行时,所以此处是对过去的虚拟,主句时态应用情态动词+have done,故选C。
3.Yesterday, the storm delayed us. _______ the storm, we would have been here in time. A.But for B.If it were not for C.But that D.Unless【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:昨天暴风雨耽搁了我们。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中,虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点,也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况,它的用法多样,且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来,咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were),主句用“would / could / should / might +动词原形”。
例如:If I were you, I would take the job (如果我是你,我会接受这份工作。
)2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时,主句用“would / could / should / might + have +过去分词”。
比如:If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam (如果你学习更努力些,你就会通过考试了。
)3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式:① should +动词原形;② were to +动词原形;③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld / could / should / might +动词原形”。
举个例子:If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home (要是明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,用“would / could +动词原形”。
例如:I wish I were as tall as you (我希望我和你一样高。
)2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、order(命令)、demand(要求)等,从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。
虚拟语气错题巩固练习知识点导航一、定义:表示与现实相反的行为动作二、三大类型(一)条件虚拟语气(时态退一步)从句主句将来If sb did/were to do/should do; sb would/could/should/might + do现在If sb did/were ...;sb would/could/should/might + do过去If sb had done...; sb would/could/should/might have done易错:1.错综复杂条件虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待,例如,若从句是对现在的虚拟,则退一步为过去时,主句对过去的虚拟,则退一步到过去完成时。
1) If he were free today, we would had sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话(从句:对现在的虚拟→if sb were),我们早就已经派他去北京了。
(对过去的理解又sb would have done)2) If you had listenned to the doctor, you would be all right now.如果你当初听医生的话,现在你已经好了。
解题技巧:虚拟语气的时态可以由动词的时态形式判断出来,如下If he (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.主句过去→从句时态退一步,即过去的过去,即过去完成时态,用had done结构。
答案:had caught2.虚拟的倒装注意以上虚拟语气的倒装,当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had 等词置于句首,采用部分倒装。
如:3.以下词汇/短语引导的含蓄虚拟语气without(要是)没有in case 万一;以防but for 要不是otherwise/or 否则We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.要不是一个电话,我们不可能在一起待一分钟。
虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的规则用法:
1主、从句都表示与过去事实相反:
从句的.谓语动词用:had + 动词过去分词;
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。
注意:能用于虚拟语气的情态动词只有四个:should, could, would, might.
使用哪一个情态动词要由句子含义决定,考试中出现最多的是could, would.
2 主、从句都表示与现在事实相反:
从句的谓语动词用:动词过去式(如果是be则只能用were)
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + 动词原形。
3 主、从句都表示与将来事实相反:
从句的谓语动词用:were to + 动词原形(重点)、should + 动词原形、动词过去式;
主句的谓语动词用:情态动词 + 动词原形。
二、虚拟语气的特殊应用:
1 would rather + 句子,这时句子谓语动词用一般过去时来体现虚拟语气。
2 if only 如果,要是...就好了,if only + 句子,这时句子一定要用虚拟语气。
谈谈虚拟语气教学的重难点虚拟语气是现行高中英语教材必学的语法项目,也是近年高考经常考察的内容。
对大部分学生来说,掌握这个语法内容并不会有很大困难,但是在学习的过程中,学生仍然会出现一些问题。
如果老师在备课时能预见到这些问题,并在教学过程中特别进行说明,辅以相应的练习,那么学生在学习这一个语法项目时会感到更加轻松,掌握其实质内容将更加准确。
下面就结合我在教学实践中碰到的一些问题,谈谈我对虚拟语气教学的一些看法。
1.要弄清什么叫虚拟语气如果学生接触过虚拟语气这一现象,现在我们叫学生翻译一个句子:“我是中国人”,几乎百分之百的学生都能理解,这句子不用虚拟语气。
但是,如果要学生再翻译一个句子“我昨天和老外去参观颐和园”,这时肯定有学生心存犹豫:这个句子该不该用虚拟语气?之所以有这个犹豫,原因就是学生把虚拟语气等同于虚构了。
不少学生错误地认为虚构就是虚拟,因此,在进行虚拟语气的教学之前,有必要和学生解释说明,我们通常所看到的英语句子可以分成三种不同的语气:(1)I told John about our plan yesterday. (2)Li Ming,remember to tell John about our plan. (3)If only I had told John about our plan yesterday. 第一个句子用的是陈述语气,陈述语气用于陈述某个事实或者陈述说话者的观点等,我们通过陈述语气知道了“I”昨天所做的事情:把我们的计划告诉给John了。
第二个句子用的是祈使语气,祈使语气用于提出要求、吩咐或命令等:这是说话人对李明提出的要求。
第三个句子用的就是所谓的虚拟语气:虚拟语气用于说话人对某一状况感到后悔、不满意、惋惜或者是庆幸而萌发的愿望或假想,这种愿望或假想跟实际所发生或所存在的事实并不相符。
2. 要弄清哪个部分是虚拟语气我们先看一个句子:I can’t afford to buy a house by the seaside. I wish I were a millionaire. 如果我们问学生,第二个句子要注意什么内容?对虚拟语气有过一点接触的学生几乎异口同声地回答:虚拟语气!但是,如果我们再问:哪一个是虚拟语气?就会有相当一部分学生说:wish是虚拟语气。
初中英语语法知识总结之虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中的一种特殊语气,用于表示与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议、命令等。
在初中英语中,虚拟语气是一个重要的语法知识点,掌握好虚拟语气的用法可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思。
下面是对初中英语虚拟语气的相关知识总结。
一、虚拟语气的用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气(与现在事实相反的假设)表示对现在情况的否定、假设或建议。
a) 与现在动作情况相反:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)注意:“were”在这里被用作“was”的虚拟形式,表示与现在事实相反的假设。
b) 与现在实际情况相反:I wish I had more time.(我希望我有更多时间。
)注意:“I wish”后跟的是“had”,表示现在我没有更多时间的愿望。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气(与过去事实相反的假设)表示对过去情况的否定、假设或建议。
a) 与过去动作情况相反:If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我当初学得更努力,我就能通过这次考试了。
)b) 与过去实际情况相反:I wish I had listened to my parents.(我希望我当初听了我的父母的话。
)3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气(与将来事实相反的假设)表示对将来情况的否定、假设或建议。
a) 表示对将来情况的不可能性:If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. (如果明天下雨,我们就会取消野餐计划。
)b) 表示对将来情况的愿望:I hope I will pass the exam. (我希望我能通过考试。
)二、虚拟语气的常见句型1. If only + 过去式表示很遗憾没有实现过去的愿望。
例如:If only I had listened to my teacher's advice, I would not have made such a mistake.(要是我当初听从了老师的建议,就不会犯这样的错误了。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。
一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)主句用:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
Eg:If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
Eg:If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形;主句:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
Eg:If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.注:虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为‘错综条件句’,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
Eg:If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去,主句是现在)Eg:If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在,主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略if.采用倒装语序。
虚拟语气知识梳理虚拟语气主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,易错知识点1. 混淆insist、suggest 的用法虚拟语气可以用于宾语从句时,有以下用法:★ wish之后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。
☛与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(be一律用were)如:I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望了解世界的一切。
☛与过去事实相反,从句谓语用would / could+have +done或者had done (注意这里的情态动词不能用should)如:I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我真希望昨晚能和你一起去。
☛与将来事实相反,用would (could)+do如:I wish the train would come.我希望火车将会来。
【注意】hope 之后也常接宾语从句,但hope一般指可以实现的愿望,宾语从句用陈述语气,wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
★在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面,其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
常用的此类动词有:表示“建议”:advise,suggest,propose,recommend表示“要求”:ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“提议、投票”:move,vote表示“决定、命令”:decide,order,command表示“主张,敦促”:maintain,urge表示同意、坚持”:consent,insist表示“打算,希望”:desire,intend☛ The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.☛ He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.1.1 易错例题He insisted that he ____ ill, but the doctor insisted that he____ the medicine.A. was not, tookB. should be, should takeC. was not, should takeD. should be, took【陷阱】考生以为insist和suggest后面的宾语从句一定要要用虚拟语气。
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的常见错误使用虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是英语语法中的一种特殊语气形式,用于表示说话人的愿望、建议、假设、怀疑、命令等情态。
虚拟语气在高中英语学习中是一个重要的知识点,但很多学生在使用虚拟语气时存在一些常见的错误。
本文将对这些错误进行归纳总结,并提供正确的用法。
一、错误使用“if引导虚拟条件句”在虚拟条件句中,通常使用“if”引导从句,但有时学生会错误地使用“when”、“unless”、“while”等词语来引导从句。
正确的做法是使用“if”引导虚拟条件句。
错误示例:1. When he will come, I will be happy.(当他来的时候,我会很开心。
)2. Unless it will rain, we will have a picnic.(除非下雨,否则我们会去野餐。
)正确示例:1. If he comes, I will be happy.(如果他来,我会很开心。
)2. If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.(如果不下雨,我们会去野餐。
)二、错误使用虚拟条件句的时态虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该使用过去时态,而不是现在时态。
有时学生会错误地使用现在时态来表示虚拟条件。
正确的做法是使用过去时态或过去完成时态。
错误示例:1. If he is rich, he will buy a car.(如果他有钱,他会买一辆车。
)2. If I have studied harder, I will pass the exam.(如果我学得更努力些,我就能通过考试。
)正确示例:1. If he were rich, he would buy a car.(如果他有钱的话,他会买辆车。
)2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我当初学得更努力些,我就能通过考试了。
【初中英语】虚拟语气难点、易错点一、初中英语虚拟语气1.If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright.A.am B.are C.be D.were【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是一根蜡烛,我将点亮这个世界。
if I were 如果我是…,were虚拟语气,be动词都用were,故选D考点:if条件句的虚拟语气点评:if条件句的虚拟语气,是中考要求掌握的知识点,分为三种情况:表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were),主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。
2.If I you, I give it to Microsoft research.A.am, will B.am, would C.were, would D.was, would【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:如果我是你,我会把它交给微软研究部。
考查虚拟语气。
根据If I you,这是一个虚拟语气,此句虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,即与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,本句“如果我是你”,be动词用were,后面主句用过去将来时would+动词原形,故答案选C。
3.Yesterday, the storm delayed us. _______ the storm, we would have been here in time. A.But for B.If it were not for C.But that D.Unless【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:昨天暴风雨耽搁了我们。
英语虚拟语气易错大盘点(1)一、初中英语虚拟语气1.--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?--I’d give it to the charityA.win B.won C.will win D.is to win【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:如果你赢了一百万美元,你要做什么?——我会把它捐给慈善机构。
结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实,故用一般过去时态,选B。
考点:if引导的条件状语从句点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:2.If I ________ invited tonight, I would go to the dinner party.A.was B.were C.am D.is【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我今晚受到邀请,我会去参加晚宴的。
由整个题干可知,现实情况与事实相反,是非真实的情况,是虚拟语气,虚拟语气中be都用were,故选B。
人教版英语英语总复习虚拟语气难点汇总一、初中英语虚拟语气1.—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A.were, would B.am, will C.was, would D.were, will【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我班里的一个学生对我说:如果我是数学老师,我会使数学学习更简单有趣,而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
2.I’m so busy. If I ______ time, I ______ have a good rest.A.have, would B.have, could C.had, would D.had, will【答案】C【解析】试题分析: 句意:我太忙了,如果我有时间,我就会好好休息一下。
从句if +过去式,主句would +动词原形,表明与将来相反的虚拟语气,故答案选C.考点:考查虚拟语气。
英语总复习虚拟语气难点、易错点(1)一、初中英语虚拟语气1.If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright.A.am B.are C.be D.were【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是一根蜡烛,我将点亮这个世界。
if I were 如果我是…,were虚拟语气,be动词都用were,故选D考点:if条件句的虚拟语气点评:if条件句的虚拟语气,是中考要求掌握的知识点,分为三种情况:表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be用were),主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况,从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。
2.If I _____ one million dollars, I________ travel around the world with my parents. A.have; will B.had; will C.had; will D.had; would【答案】D【解析】试题分析:如果我有一百万美元,我要和我的父母环游世界。
结合语境可知主句描述的是将来动作,用将来时态。
从句中是对将来的虚拟,故用过去时态。
选D。
考点:if引导的条件状语从句点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:3._______ in order to sit for the college entrance exam?A.What did she suggest he read B.What did she suggest he readsC.Did she suggest for him to read D.Did she suggest what he read【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:为了参加大学入学考试,她建议他读什么书?考查虚拟语气。
suggest表示“建议”时,后接从句用that sb should do,should可省。
特殊疑问句的结构是特殊疑问词+be动词(助动词)+主语+其他?故选A。
4.Yesterday, the storm delayed us. _______ the storm, we would have been here in time. A.But for B.If it were not for C.But that D.Unless【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:昨天暴风雨耽搁了我们。
要不是有暴风雨,我们会及时赶到这里的。
考查连词。
But for要不是+短语;If it were not for要不是(用于对现在的虚拟);But that 要不是+从句;Unless除非,后接条件状语从句;根据句中是“the storm”,是名词,所以排除C;根据“would have been ”,是对过去的虚拟排除选项B;分析句子“___ the storm, we would have been here in time.”有暴风雨,我们会及时赶到这里的,应该是“要不是”,故选A。
5. If my mother ___ I get a grade of 50 in English exam, she would be angry.A.knows B.knewC.has known D.would know【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我的母亲知道我英语考试成绩是50分,她会生气的。
表示与现在事实相反的事实,该用一般过去时态,所以选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
6.If I __________you. I would buy a big house for my parents.A.be B.am C.was D.were【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是你。
我会买一个大房子给我的父母。
这道题考查的是假设,所以要用虚拟语气,用过去时。
故选D.考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
7.----What can I do with so much money?----If I _______ you, I _______ give it away to charity.A.am, will B.am, would C.were, would D.was, would【答案】C【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
句意你如何处理这些钱?如果我是你,我会把它捐给慈善机构。
表示对现在的虚拟,if引导的从句用一般过去时,语句用would do ,故选C项。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:如果天气是好的,我们的运动会就不会推迟了。
这里是虚拟语气,根据wouldn’t可知这是对现在的虚拟,在条件状语中对现在的虚拟用were;put down 镇压,记下;put up提供; put off推迟。
根据句意故选D。
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
8.The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus.A.go B.goes C.going D.to go【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:空气污染越来越糟糕。
政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。
考查谓语动词。
A. go 去;B. goes 去;C. going 在去;D. to go 为了去。
这是一个that引导的宾语从句,suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气(should)do结构,should可省略。
故选A。
9.If I ____you, I _____the army.A.am, would join B.were ,would joinC.am, will join D.were ,will join【答案】B【解析】试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should(would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
句意:如果我是你,我会加入军队。
结合语境可知本句描述的是与现状相反的事实,故选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
10.If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie.A.am;would B.were;will C.were;would D.was;will【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我会邀请他去看电影。
go to see a movie去看电影;invite sb to do邀请某人做某事;在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中,Be用were,主句用would。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
11.--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?--I’d give it to the charityA.win B.won C.will win D.is to win【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:如果你赢了一百万美元,你要做什么?——我会把它捐给慈善机构。
结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实,故用一般过去时态,选B。
考点:if引导的条件状语从句点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:12.--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research.---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity.A.will have, am B.would have, was C.had, were D.have, is【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。
第一空,虚拟语气,与现在相反,用过去时。
第二空,虚拟语气,与现在相反,用过去时,be动词用were。
故选C13.I don’t u nderstand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver.A.think; are B.am thinking; areC.thought; were D.think; were【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我不明白你是怎么得到罚单的。