法律英语：双语法律文书的解释

法律英语：双语法律文书的解释篇一：法律文书翻译法律文书翻译一、定义(definitionoflegalinstrument) Legalinstrumentisalegaltermofartthatisusedforanyformallyexecutedwritte ndocument.二、分类(categories)courtwritorprocess,oranylawpassedbyacompetentlegislativebo dyinmunicipal(domestic)orinternationallaw.三、基本原则(Basicprinciples)对于法律翻译，译者不宜片面追求形式上的对等，要求译文的词类、语序和句子结构与原文基本保持一致。

法律文件的翻译质量必须用译员对译文的反映程度来衡量。

法律文体的翻译应该遵循奈达提出的“功能对等”翻译原则，即“译文读者对译文的反应等值于原文读者对原文的反应。

1.公正性（impartiality）是法律专业人员要遵守的最为基本的原则。

2.准确性(veracity)：要求语言使用者对法律概念及所涉及的行为进行严格表达。

3.合适性(appropriateness)：合适性反映翻译的度，主要是对文本原意传达的充分程度。

4.简洁，精练(conciseness)：Thesimplest,mostconciseEnglishisthebestforlegislation:四、用词的基本特点(Featuresofwords)1.措词精确、避免歧义(precisewords)原文：自9月20日起，甲方无权接受任何订单或收据。

原译：Partyashallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyorderortoacceptanyorderstocollecta nyaccountafterSeptember20.改译：Partyashallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyorderortoacceptanyorderstocollecta nyaccountonandafterSeptember20.2.惯用副词（adverbs）hereafter=afterthistime;今后hereby=bymeans/reasonofthis;特此herein=inthis;此中，于此hereinafter=laterinthiscontract;在下文thereafter=afterwards;此后，后来thereby=bythatmeans;因此；由此；在那方面therein=fromthat;在那里；在那点上thereinafter=laterinthesamecontract;以下；在下文whereby=bywhat;bywhich;由是；凭那个wherein=inwhat;inwhich;在哪里；在哪点上3.词语多并列（parallelwords）为表意准确，行文中大量使用词语并列结构，用“and”或“or”把两个或多个短语并列起来。

法律英语词汇系列：法律职业与机构1. Lawyer & Attorney & Solicitor & Counsel 的区别LawyerIn both British and American English, lawyer is the general term for anyone versed in law and duly admitted to practice. Lawyers conduct lawsuits, advise clients of their legal rights or plead for them in court.Lawyer在英式英语和美式英语中均为律师的通称,为最通用词,可泛指取得法律专业资格有权从事法律工作的人.在英国,其可包括法官、开业律师、法学教师等。

在美国，其可指参与法庭诉辩或提供法律咨询的任何人，有时也用于专指律师。

现有人将其译为“法律人”。

所谓“法律人思维”，语出英文中的“think like a lawyer”。

Attorney or Attorney-an-lawA member of the legal profession who represents a client in court when pleading or defending a case. In the US, attorney applies to any lawyer and sounds more formal than lawyer.在常用语美语中，attorney可译作法律代理人、受托代表人，指可以接受当事人的委托并有资格在法庭上代表委托人，并以委托人的名义参与案件的申辩的律师。

SolicitorA type of lawyer in Britain who gives legal advice, prepares the documents when property is bought or sold, and defends people,especially in the lower courts of law. In the United States, a solicitor is the chief lawyer in a government or city department.在英国和香港，solicitor指事务律师、非诉讼律师，其职责大体上是处理各种法律文书，接受各种诉讼委托，准备庭审所需的各种文件，其出庭的发言权是受到限制的。

实用法律英语中英对照版——民事 civil——民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law ——民事上的占有 civil possesion——民事上的没收 civil forfeiture——民事上诉 civil appeal——民事主体 civil subject——民事法律关系 civil legal relationship——民事活动 activity relating to civil law——民事纠纷 civil dispute——民事客体 civil object——民事原告 civil plaintiff——民事被告 civil defendant——民事指控 civil charge——民事案件 civil case——民事过失 civil negligence——民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability ——民事补偿 civil remedy——民事诉讼 civil action——民事损害 civil injury——民事债务 civil debt——民事管辖 civil jurisdiction——民事制裁 civil sanction——民事审判 civil trial——民事调解 civil mediation——民事罚款 civil penalty——民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights ——民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights——民事权利请求 civil claim——民事权利变更 alternation of private right ——民政 civil administraion——民事权利与责任 civil right and liability ——民事权利 civil right——人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person ——人格权 right of personality——上诉权 right of appeal——不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right——立遗嘱权 right to make a will——合法权利 legal right——共有权 communal tenure——求偿权 recoupment; recourse——居住权 right of habitation——使用权 right of use——委任权 power of pocuration——财产权 proprietatis; property right——财产让与权 benefit of cession——起诉权 right of action——采光权 right of ancient lights——专用权 sole right of use——专有权 exclusive power——专利申请权 clailm of patent application——控告权 right of complaint——答辩权 right of reply——解释权 right to interpret——经济权利 economic right——债的请求权 debt claim——监护权 guardianship——选择权 right of choice——转卖权 right of resale——（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice——事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right——法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right——根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience——出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.) ——依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office——事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)——主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion——不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion——强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule orprinciple in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo——any exceptions——万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law——法无明文不处罚nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law——法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law——条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)——自身，本身；本质上 per se——不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata——初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things——情势变迁原则rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances——无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person ——未确定时日的 sine die: without a date——越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)——占领地保有原则 uti possidetisv Lesson Six——民事责任civil liability （信托法律网/编辑）——不履行法律责任 omission——共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility——完全责任 full liability——侵权责任 liability for tort——连带责任 joint liability——财产责任 property liability——过失责任 fault liability——替代责任 vicarious liability——无限责任 unlimited liability——单独责任 solitary liability——道德责任 moral obligation——监护责任 liability of guardian——严格责任赔偿 strict liability——债转股 debt-to-equity swap——港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the USdollar and the HK dollar——坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan——反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...——通货紧缩 deflation——通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/编辑）——非配额产品 quota-free products——非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects——风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment——风险基金 venture capital——风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk——搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises——规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale——国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives——国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment——国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment ——国家补贴 public subsidies——国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves——合理引导消费 guide rational consumption——季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments——既成事实 established/accomplished facts——技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development——劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises——乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises——千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug——企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises——企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses——实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to——平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/ 编辑）样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutualbenefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development ——瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions——市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access——亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council ——亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum——亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System——亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises——亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank——亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting——东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area——亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting ——澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement——亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network——亚太经济合作组织APEC: Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation——亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center——亚太信息基础设施APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure——亚太实验室认可合作APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation——亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum——亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program——东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations——亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting——农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation。

法律英语实用单词讲解accord释义：accord和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

acquire释义：acquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

act释义：act作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义：诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。

adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。

另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。

admission释义：采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。

法律英语文本特点Characteristics of Legal Documents从文体角度来讲，英汉法律文件都属于庄严文体，又称“冰冻体”(The Frozen Style), 都具有用词专业、庄重、表达严谨、精炼等特点。

Comparison of Legal Documents between English and Chinese 由于语言差异，英汉法律文件各有其不同特点，可归纳为三个层面：词汇、句法和语法。

以下分别加以详细比较。

1.词汇方面首先，英语法律文件广泛使用法语、拉丁语和古体英语词以显示法律文件的庄重和严肃。

如：terms, claim, state, payments premium (付款保证金) 等来自法语，古体词多是副词，由here, there, where 等词加上介词构成，如：hereafter（自此以后，此后）, hereby（由此方式，由此）, hereof（关于此点）, thereafter (此后，其后), there-by （借此；从而；由此）, whereas（考虑到?;鉴于；然而，而）, wherein（其中；在那里；在哪方面）, whereon（此后；然后；于是）等等；汉语法律文件几乎没有外来词，除了用少量的文言文如“兹、系、谨此、之、其”外，汉英法律文件使用大量的现代汉语的正式语言来表达法律文件的正式和庄重。

其次，英语法律文件中大量使用情态动词，尤其是情态动词shall。

Shall的用法是较古老的英语，在法律文件中有其特殊的含义，意为“应当承担的责任和义务”。

比较而言，汉语法律文件使用情态动词的频率不如英语高。

2.句法方面英语法律文件大量使用长句，几十字、上百字的长句很多。

甚至于为了严谨、准确，会在句子里附加各种修饰语、说明语，以致句法成分前后编插、句子结构膨胀、语法关系复杂；相比之下，汉语法律文件句子表达简洁、精练，还会有很多省略，尤其是主语的省略。

举证通知书(English V ersion)-法律英语翻译-法律文书翻译The People’s Republic of ChinaHefei Intermediate People’s Court of Anhui ProvinceNotice to Produce EvidenceNo. XXXTo: AAAAccording to the Civil Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Severa l Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Evidences for Civil Actions, you are responsible for producing evidences to prove the facts on which your claims are based or the facts on which the claims of the other party are rebutted.1. Y ou shall, as required by the Instructions for Producing Evidences of this Court submit evidence materials to this Court within thirty (30) days after the day of the receiving this notice.2. Evidences submitted by the parties to the people’s court shall be the origina ls, or copies or replicas checked and found in conformity with the originals by the people’s court. The submitted evidence materials shall be classified and numbered one by one. It is required to briefly describe the sources, facts to be proved and contents of the evidence materials. Copies shall be provided according to the number of the parties of the opposing side.3. Where it is really difficult for you to submit evidence materials within the evidence producing term, you may apply with this Court for extension before its expiration.4. Y our failure to submit evidence materials within the evidence producing term shall be deemed as waiver of the right to produce evidences. For the evidence materials not submitted on time, the people’s court won’t arra nge cross examination during trial, unless the other party agrees to cross examination.5. Where you intend to apply for authentication, increase or variation of the claims or file a counterclaim, you shall do the same prior to the expiration of the evidence producing term.6. Where you apply for appearance of a witness to testify, you shall file an application with this Court ten (10) days before expiration of the evidence producing term.7. Where an evidence provided by you has come into being outsi de the territory of the People’s Republic of China, such evidence shall be certified by a notarial authority of the country in which such evidence has come into being and certified by an embassy or consulate of the People’s Republic of China in that country, or it is required to perform the certifying procedures prescribed by related treaties between the People’s Republic of China and that country.Where an evidence provided by you has come into being in the region of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, related certifying procedures shall be performed.Hefei Intermediate People’s Court of Anhui Province (seal)Date:举证通知书(中文版)×××人民法院举证通知书（××××）×××字第××号×××：根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》和最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》，现将有关举证事项通知如下：一、当事人应当对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依?据的事实承担举证责任。

Part 41 Ownership 所有权1.A person may own land notwithstanding that another has an easement, such as a right of way, over it. 一个人可拥有土地，尽管他人对土地具有地役权，诸如通行权。

2.A person in possession is not bound to prove that the possessions belong him.占有者无须证明自已为物主。

3.He is the de jure owner of the property.他是财产的注定所有权人。

4.His title to the property is defective.他的产权具有瑕疵。

5.Marital property is the same as community property and is divided equally upon divorce.夫妻财产也同样属于共同财产，离婚时应作平均分配。

6.One independent object can only and only needs to establish one property right.一物只能且只须有一个产权。

7.One should enjoy his property in such a manner as not to injure that of another person.享有自已的财产应以不损害他人的利益为限。

8.Ownership has been described as "the entirety of powers of use and disposal allowed by law".所有权被称作是“法定使用权和处置权的集合体。

”9.Ownership in indivision is ended by a partition of the property.未分财产的所有权经财产分割即告疑终结。

法律英语中英双语法律文书制作第二版教学设计一、教学目标本次教学旨在通过对法律英语中英双语法律文书制作的讲解，让学生能够掌握英汉翻译、法律术语、文书格式等方面的知识，能够熟练制作常见的法律文书，并且能够在实践中灵活运用所学知识。

二、教学内容本次教学内容主要包括以下方面：1.法律英语翻译基础2.英汉法律术语翻译3.法律文书的格式与要求4.常见法律文书的制作与应用三、教学重点和难点本次教学重点是英汉法律词汇的翻译和法律文书格式的要求，难点在于如何将翻译和格式等知识应用于实际文书的制作和应用中。

四、教学方法本次教学将采用讲授、讨论、实例演练和分组合作等多种教学方法相结合，利用PPT展示、示范演练等方式让学生掌握正确的制作方法。

五、教学流程设计第一节：法律英语翻译基础1.引入：介绍法律英语翻译的重要性和本节课的学习内容；2.讲解英语语法和法律语言特点；3.探讨英汉翻译常见误区和注意事项；4.分组讨论和练习：练习识别英文法律文件中常见的词汇和短语，并进行汉语翻译。

第二节：英汉法律术语翻译1.引入：介绍英汉法律术语翻译的重要性和本节课的学习内容；2.讲解常见的英汉法律术语及其翻译；3.分组讨论和练习：在案例中练习英汉法律术语的翻译，并进行语言修辞的分析。

第三节：法律文书的格式与要求1.引入：介绍法律文书的格式和要求；2.讲解法律文书中常用的格式和要求；3.分组实现和演练：展示一个典型的法律文书并让学生根据要求进行修改和调整。

第四节：常见法律文书的制作与应用1.引入：介绍常见法律文书的种类和实现方法；2.讲解如何制作常见法律文书-针对状诉状的制作方法；3.分组讨论和练习：让学生实际操作并根据要求制定状诉状。

六、教学评估方法评估是教学工作的重要环节，针对本课程，我们将运用以下评估方法：1.课堂测试：在每一节课的结束时，进行课堂测试，测试学生对本节课的掌握情况；2.作业：布置必要的作业，督促学生掌握和应用所学的知识；3.课程设计：最后，要为整个课程进行总体评估，考验学生的综合能力和素质。