对外经济贸易大学外语学院区域国别研究考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博

北大、人大、中财、北外、中传中传教授创办教授创办集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班2013年对外经济贸易大学国际法（回忆版）
专一：
简答：
法律解释原则
提存
集资诈骗罪
对外商投资企业我国公司法和外商投资企业法的适用
【育明教育解析】问题设置更加更加灵活，具有宏观性和开放性，出题更加注重对相关基础知识点的深度考查
司法独立的含义及其在中国特色社会主义法治的地位作用与意义，无效民事法律行为，累犯，英美法德对合同违约损害赔偿规定的异同
专二：
ad hoc arbitration ，
INCOTERMS
Endorsement
anticipation breach of contract
place of business
prima facie evidence
简答题
【育明教育解析】该部分较往年相比考查内容中规中距，没有较为偏僻的概念，术语解释部分不是特别难，考查的都是平时比较重要的术语，此外今年的题考查比较细，注重对基础能力的考查。

对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院考博指导与分析一、对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院考博资讯从2014年开始，除专职教师和专职科研人员外对外经济贸易大学不在招收以在职方式攻读的博士研究生，仅招收全日制脱产博士研究生，所有被录取的考生均须将档案迁入对外经济贸易大学管理。

本年度国际经济贸易学院拟录博士研究生33名，专业目录中各招生专业各方向所列招生人数均为初步意向人数，具体招生人数将根据生源状况确定，此数据仅供参考。

法经济学是该校自主设置的二级学科，属于经济学与法学的交叉学科，是北京市交叉重点学科。

本学科培养的博士生应具有相关经济领域法律的系统知识，同时针对有关法律和政策，具有一定的经济学理论分析能力。

另外，各学科1101英语考试包括基础英语（占50%）和宏、微观经济学专业英语（占50%）；2201经济学基础包括宏、微观经济理论（占70%）和数学（占30%）；3317线性代数、概率论与数理统计包括线性代数（占40%）和概率论与数理统计（占60%）；3318西方经济学的考试包括宏、微观经济学（占70%）和计量经济学（占30%）；3305法经济学基础包括法的经济学分析（占50%）和国际商法（占50%）。

（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.020202区域经济学研究方向01：区域经济学。

导师分别是洪俊杰、张宝秀（兼职）。

财经类考生考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

（2）2201经济学基础（100%）。

（3）3311区域经济学（100%）。

数理类考生考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

（2）2205经济学原理（100%）。

（3）3306应用数学（100%）。

2.020203财政学研究方向01：财政税收理论与政策研究。

导师分别是杨志勇、孔淑红、毛程连、袁东(兼职)。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

（2）2201经济学基础（100%）。

研究方向02：公共政策。

导师分别是郑俊田、彭向刚。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got whatyou paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media–such astelevision commercials and print advertisements–still play a majorrole,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create"earned"media bywillingly promoting it to friends,and a company may leverage“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site.In fact，the way consumersnow approach the process of making purchase decisions means thatmarketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyondconventional paid media.过去，市场营销的成功诀窍简而言之就是一分钱一分货。

然而时过境迁。

虽然传统的“付费”(paid)媒介，比如电视和广播广告、平面广告和路边广告牌等，仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。

比如，痴迷于某种产品的消费者，可能会乐意将之推荐给朋友，从而为企业创造因产品的优良品质带来的“无偿”(earned)媒介。

贸大考博辅导班：贸大英语学院考博资料汇集大全贸大考博辅导班：贸大英语学院考博专业目录及参考书英语学院是对外经济贸易大学历史最悠久的学院之一，英语专业成立于1951年，目前设有商务英语、翻译、英语(财经新闻)三个本科专业。

学院下设商务英语系、翻译系、语言文学系及专用英语系。

此外，还设有商务英语研究所、中欧高级译员培训中心、跨文化与文化资本研究中心、国际财经新闻研究所、翻译研究所、国际语言服务及管理研究所、英语国别文化研究所、《商务外语研究》编辑部等研究机构。

研究生教育是1981 年获英语硕士授权，2003 年获一级学科外国语言文学硕士学位授权，设有英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译硕士专业学位 3 个二级硕士点和商务外语研究二级博士点，此外，还招收本科及硕士留学生100 人。

英语学院教学和研究团队实力雄厚，现有专任教师110 余人，拥有商务英语国家级教学团队和北京市优秀教学团队，博士生导师9 人，教授17 人，多人获得国务院政府特殊津贴专家、教育部新世纪优秀人才、北京市教学名师、北京市师德先进个人等称号，66%具有副教授以上职称，65%的教师拥有博士学位，硕士生导师83 人，90%的教师在国外留学、进修或工作过。

此外还常年聘有外国专家及外籍教师、国内外知名客座和兼职教授20 多人。

近几年，商务英语、商务翻译、跨文化商务交际等研究领域在全国领先，学院共获得62 项国家级及省部级项目，其中：国家自然科学基金项目 2 项、国家社科基金项目16 项、教育部人文社科项目28 项，北京市社会科学基金项目16项;发表论文451 篇，其中：SSCI 论文45 篇、CSSCI 论文231 篇;出版专著41 部，多项成果获得教育部和北京市优秀教育教学成果奖、北京市哲学社会科学成果奖、教育部优秀科研成果奖。

二、贸大考博辅导班：贸大英语学院考博培养目标本专业旨在培养具有扎实的英语基本功和国际商务基础理论，系统掌握外国语言文学和第二阶段为复试，科目为2204 国际商务基础(英语)及3301 商务语言与文化，具体考核方式参见复试方案。

贸大考博辅导班：2019对外经济贸易大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博难度解析及经验分享下面是启道考博整理的关于对外经济贸易大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博相关内容。

一、专业介绍外国语言学及应用语言学学科，现有应用语言学、翻译理论与实践两个研究方向。

本学科培养从事英语口、英语翻译及英语教学研究和实践的高级专业人才。

外国语言学及应用语言学是外国语言文学一级学科下设的一个二级学科。

本学科以形式语言学的基本假设为理论指导，以音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得为主要教学和研究内容，同时从事应用语言学具体领域的教学与研究。

本专业是国内唯一能够覆盖形式语言学四大基础理论领域(音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得)的外国语言学及应用语言学专业。

对外经济贸易大学英语学院的外国语言学及应用语言学专业在博士招生方面，分为3个研究方向050211外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：01语用学02认知语言学03应用语言学04跨文化交际研究考试科目：第一阶段考试（初试）①1101 英语②2204二阶段专业课综合③3301 二阶段专业综合考核（复试中进行）二、考试内容对外经济贸易大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业博士研究生招生考试分为两个阶段。

其中，综合考核内容为:（一）第一阶段考试（初试）1.第一阶段考试拟定时间：2019年3月16日。

（以准考证时间为准）2.第一阶段考试科目：经管类、政治学类专业：①公共英语+②专业基础课；其他专业(法学院、英语学院、外语学院各专业)：①公共英语。

具体可查看《博士入学考试第一阶段初试科目大纲及题型结构》。

“2202经济数学综合”科目适用于国际经济贸易学院和统计学院，为可选项，考生可在“2201经济学基础”和“2202经济数学综合”中二选一，其他经济类专业基础课只考“2201经济学基础”。

3.考试地点：对外经济贸易大学校内。

（二）第二阶段考试1.第二阶段考试资格确定办法我校将根据第一阶段的考试成绩，划定进入第二阶段考核的资格线，只有达到资格线的考生方可进入第二阶段考核，请考生考后及时关注我校研究生院主页相关通知。

贸大考博辅导班：贸大外国语学院考博招生简章贸大考博辅导班：贸大外国语学院考博招生简章一、学院简介对外经济贸易大学外语学院下设日语系、阿拉伯语系、朝鲜(韩)语系、法语系、西班牙语系、俄语系、意大利语系、德语系、越南语系、葡萄牙语系、波斯语系及希腊语系等十二个学系，除葡萄牙语、波斯语和希腊语专业外，均创建于二十世纪五十年代初期。

其中日语、阿拉伯语、朝鲜(韩)语、西班牙语、意大利语、越南语等专业为国家级特色专业建设点，此外还设有校级重点研究基地区域国别研究中心等科研机构。

拥有权威学术期刊《日语学习与研究》杂志。

研究生教育拥有外国语言文学一级学科点。

学院拥有一支实力较强的教学科研队伍，现有教师78 名，其中教授19 名，副教授32 名，拥有博士学位的教师42 名，此外还常年聘有外国专家、外籍教师及国内外客座教授近20 名。

二、培养目标外语学院博士生的培养目标是：通过专业学习与科研能力的训练，培养具有精通外国语言、文化，系统掌握国际商务基础理论，具有国际视野和跨文化交际能力，熟练掌握相关学科研究方法，能够胜任高等院校和科研机构教学、科研工作，并能够在政府涉外部门、国际组织、国际商务及金融机构从事管理与研究的高级商务外语人才。

一、贸大考博辅导班：贸大外国语学院考博博士生招生途径除硕博连读考试，硕博一体化项目选拔外，我校2018年通过普通招考两段制考试和申请—审核制(试行)开展博士生生源选拔。

(一)博士研究生普通招考两段制考试改革方案为进一步做好博士研究生的招生选拔工作，不断改进和完善博士研究生考核评价机制，突出导师群体和基层学术组织在博士研究生选拔中的主导作用。

自2014年，我校决定在博士研究生普通招考中推行两段制考试改革。

1. 第一阶段考试即为资格考试，原则上设置初试科目一至两门，主要为外语(100分)和专业基础课(100分)，均为全校统一命题，专业基础课按一级学科命制，具体门数根据学科特点而定，主要考核考生是否具备攻读博士学位的基本条件和素质，达到资格线的考生方可进入第二阶段考试，其中英语学院和外语学院的“0202Z1商务外语研究”第一阶段、法学院各专业第一阶段只考公共英语一个科目。

外交学院国际关系专业考研专业课参考书讲解复习笔记-育明教育一、外交学院国际关系专业考研专业课参考书讲解（育明课程中心资料）考试科目：“711政治学综合一”参考书①《国际关系理论：思想、范式与命题》，王帆、曲博主编，世界知识出版社，2013年版（14年新加）②《权力·制度·文化》，秦亚青著，北京大学出版社，2005年版；③《政治学基础》，王浦劬等，北京大学出版社，2006年版。

（14年新加）育明教育课程中心陈老师解析《国际关系理论：思想范式与命题》这本书是2014年新增的一本参考书，在14年和15年的考试中对于这本书的考察基本都是书中的重点章节，课后的思考题需要作为复习重点。

对于大部分考生来讲阅读这本书难度并不大，最重要的是如何利用书中的知识内容来答好试题。

这本书中有很多的内容是和《权力·制度·文化》这本书相重合的，对于重合的部分建议考生以《权力·制度·文化》中的内容为主进行记忆。

《权力·制度·文化》这本书几乎囊括了秦亚青老师最重要的学术思想和研究成果，从功利的角度分析秦亚青是我们外交学院的院长，他的这边论文集基本每年都会作为出题参照的重点。

对于这本书的考察经常会出现论述题，但是作为一本论文，书中部分章节间的联系还是欠缺紧密度的，建议考生在研读这本书的时候要通过整理笔记和专题来帮助自己理清整本书的脉络。

最后关于书中两大模块：理论和方法，建议考生要侧重于“理论部分”。

《政治学基础》这本书是在2014年代替《政治科学基础》加入到指定参考书之中，更确切的说应该的“回归”到参考书之中，因为在2008年以前这本书一直是指定参考书之一。

对于大部分考生来讲《政治学基础》这本书是最难的一本，总是感觉读了好多遍还是没有吃透。

建议考生第一遍阅读之后要通过全书的目录来把脉络和框架整理清晰：书中分6篇，每篇下3章，每章一般都是3节，一节下两个小标题，每个小标题再用关键词法进行填充。

对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案Section I Use of English1、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。

根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。

Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)3、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。

_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。

需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。

A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。

因此正确答案为C。

4、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。

A 选项，表示指示器，指标。

B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士专业考研复习必备资料-育明考研考博一、对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研招生报考统计（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试科目复试科目汉语国际教育硕士年份录取人数报考人数101思想政治理论201英语一354汉语基础445汉语国际教育基础①笔试语言学综合②面试2015年24人58人2016年20人——育明考研考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士专业考研的报录比平均在3:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、以上数据录取人数包括推免人数2015年推免4人。

3、语言学综合复试笔试内容分配：现代汉语50%，对外汉语教学概论30%，古代汉语20%。

4、复试面试主要考核考生的综合素质、语言教学能力、外语口语能力及中华才艺等。

5、同等学力及跨专业复试时加试科目：语言学概论6、初试公共课拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

育明教育针对对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课课程班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。

（贸大汉语国际教育硕士考研资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）二、对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心)年份政治英语汉语基础汉语国际教育基础总分2015年44分44分66分66分327分2016年45分45分68分68分325分育明考研考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、2015年是对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士第一年进行招生。

2、对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士专业学位2016年仅招收全日制脱产学习学生。

【贸大经济学考博真题大放送】2004-2016年对外经济贸易大学2201经济学基础+英语考博真题完整版整理，了解一下！
给大家展示的是对外经济贸易大学2016年的专业课考博真题，另外还有2004年-2015年的真题，以及2004年-2016年的考博英语真题完整版，大家在我们这辅导的话都会免费的赠送给大家。

除了了解真题外，关于对外经济贸易大学考博的具体情况大家可以看文章最后给大家链接的两篇文章，有问题可以直接联系我。

12016年对外经济贸易大学2201经济学基础考博真题
其他2004年-2016年的真题截图（真实完整版）
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对外经济贸易大学2009考博英语真题及其经典解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has1across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a4to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech5of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled6one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The idea is to8a federation of private online identity systems. User could9which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace, with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a13community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure15which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has16privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with18by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet19.They argue that all Internet users should be20to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize 10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting 14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16． A.divided B.disappointedC.protected D.united 17． A.frequestly B.incidentallyC.occasionally D.eventually 18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points)Text1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outsidedirector in January2000:a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism.But by the end of2009Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm’s board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.If the sky,and the share price is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than10,000firms and more than64,000different directors between1989and2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of70.They fount that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlationbetween them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up.”Leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.21.According to Paragraph1,Ms.Simmons was criticizedfor.[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22.We learn from Paragraph2that outside directors are supposed to be.[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23.According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outsidedirector’s surprise departure,the firm is likely to.[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors.[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25.The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should thestate subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that13,500newsroom jobs have gone since2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).In Japan the proportion is35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper areleast distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26.By saying“Newspapers like…their own doom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),the author indicates that newspaper.[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because.[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer productspared with their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they.[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30.The most appropriate title for this text would be.[A]American Newspapers:Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers:Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers:A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers:A Hopeless StoryText3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth,with soldiers returning home by the millions,going off to college on the G.I.Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war,Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus,a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools.These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture,but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration,properly organized,has more impact that a lot.Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects,he employed metal,glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the1940s symbolized the future.Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around1,200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between1945 and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life -few American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core,the16countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck.It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone,but disagree about what toharmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness,barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all27members of the EU club,among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour;in the inner core alone,Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A“southern”camp headed by French wants something different:”European economic government”within an inner core of euro-zone members.Translated,that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers.Finally,figures close to the France government have murmured,curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g.,curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU.It remains the world’s largest trading block.At its best,the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of27rich and poor countries,its internal borders are far more open to goods,capital and labour than any comparable trading area.It is an ambitious attempt to blunt thesharpest edges of globalization,and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with so many problems that.[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37.The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers.[A]are competing for the leading position[B]are busy handling their own crises[C]fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D]disagree on the steps towards disintegration38.To solve the euro problem,Germany proposed that.[A]EU funds for poor regions be increased[B]stricter regulations be imposed[C]only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D]voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39.The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that____.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries ［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40.Regarding the future of the EU,the author seems to feel____.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) 46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese,write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points) Who would have thought that,globally,the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough2percent of all CO2emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.A Google search can leak between0.2and7.0grams of CO2depending on how many attempts are needed to get the“right”answer.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world,packed with powerful computers.While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be well air-conditioned,which uses even more energy.However,Google and other big tech providers monitor theirefficiency closely and make improvements.Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction,but there is much to be done,and not just by big companies.参考答案从全球范围来看，有谁会想到IT行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？它大约占总二氧化碳总排量的2%。

对外经济贸易大学2009考博英语真题及其解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage.For each numbered blank there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET l.(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico wasdeclared a global pandemic on June11,2009,in the first designationby the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in41years.The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with fluexperts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases inAustralia,and rising numbers in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the pandemic is"moderate"in severity,according to MargaretChan,the organization's director general,with the overwhelmingmajority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a fullrecovery,often in the absence of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global notice in late April2009,whenMexican authorities noticed an unusually large number ofGeng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mianfei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jiazi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.hospitalizations and deathsamong healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the heightof a panic,cases began to crop up in New York City,the southwesternUnited States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived.But in late September2009,officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has infected more than one million people,and caused more than600deaths and more than6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is available ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not recommended for pregnant women,people over50or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other problems.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people caring for infants and healthy young people.SectionⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of56works by Damien Hirst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”,at Sotheby’s in London on September15th 2008(see picture).All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last hurrah.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since2003.At its peak in2007it was worth some$65billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable,especially in New York,where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world’stwo biggest auction houses,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of1989,a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more volatile.But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive,says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market,whereas in the early1990s,when interest rates were high,there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell.Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009were still higher than in the first half of2006.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from2007to2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are____A.auction houses'favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room--a women's group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly concurred.He gestured toward his wife and said"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true"he explained."When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late'70s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book"Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed--but only a few of the men--gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year--a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands mostoften focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands.Instead they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means___.A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couples Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focuson______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Txet3over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems,like hand washing with soap,that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr.Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks, antiperspirants,colognes,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morningbeauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives,and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deepiy rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to____[A]reveal their impact on people’habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help createpeople’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to_____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in1986,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education, and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the1960s.In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the JurySelection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark1975decision Taylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”has become apopular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late1990s selling insurance.He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well.“It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably,into a lack of sales.“I was miserable,I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,‘Just wait,you’ll trun the corner,give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

对外经贸大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates,the pterosaurs,have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries.How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from8to12meters,solved the problems of powered flight,and exactly what these creatures were—reptiles or birds—are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles.Their skulls,pelvises,and hind feet are reptilian.The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds.In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane.The other fingers were short and reptilian,with sharpclaws.In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing,which consists primarily of feathers.If the pterosaurs walked on all fours,the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping.When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger,and with it the wing,could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions.This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints.Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones,a feature that represents a savings in weight.In the birds,however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles,the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats.T.H.Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism,which in turn implies a high internal temperature.Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag inflight.The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long,dense,and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs,by dropping from trees,or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves.Each hypothesis has its difficulties.The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight.The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts.The wind that made such waves however,might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）1.It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the[A]enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.[B]structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.[C]fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.[D]pterosaurs were reptiles.2.The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as[A]revolutionary.[B]unlikely.[C]unassailable.[D]probable.3.According to the text,the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the[A]size of its wingspan.[B]presence of hollow spaces in its bones.[C]anatomic origin of its wing strut.[D]presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.4.The ideas attributed to T.H.Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?[A]An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.[B]An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.[C]Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.[D]The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?[A]New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.[B]Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of specific information.[C]Three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.[D]Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题型。