学术英语写作(修订版)答案

学术英语写作作业答案Certainly, here's a sample answer for an academic English writing assignment:Introduction:The advent of social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact. It has become an integral part of our daily lives, especially for the younger generation. This essay aims to explore the various impacts of social media on youth, including both its positive and negative aspects.Positive Impacts:1. Enhanced Communication: Social media platforms have madeit easier for young people to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of geographical barriers.2. Educational Resources: Many educational institutions and organizations use social media to share educational content, making learning more accessible and engaging.3. Cultural Exchange: Social media allows youth to interact with peers from different cultures, fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of diversity.Negative Impacts:1. Cyberbullying: The anonymity and reach of social media can lead to cyberbullying, which can have severe emotional andpsychological effects on young people.2. Privacy Concerns: The sharing of personal information on social media platforms can lead to privacy breaches and potential misuse of data.3. Distraction: The constant use of social media can distract youth from their studies and other important activities, impacting their academic performance and personal growth.Conclusion:While social media offers numerous benefits, it is crucialfor youth to be aware of and mitigate its potential harms. Educators, parents, and policymakers must work together to create a balanced and safe online environment for young people.Recommendations:1. Digital Literacy Programs: Implementing digital literacy programs in schools can help youth understand the responsible use of social media.2. Parental Guidance: Parents should be involved in their children's online activities to ensure they are using social media safely and appropriately.3. Regulatory Measures: Governments and regulatory bodies should enforce stricter guidelines to protect the privacy and well-being of youth on social media.This sample answer provides a structured approach to addressing the topic, with clear sections and a balanced view of the subject matter.。

高二英语英语学术论文写作单选题30题答案解析版1.In academic writing, it is important to be _______ in presenting your arguments.A.preciseB.vagueC.casualD.hasty答案：A。

在学术写作中，精确地呈现你的论点很重要。

选项B“vague”（ 模糊的）不符合学术写作要求；选项C“casual”（ 随意的）和选项D“hasty” 匆忙的）也不适合学术写作的严谨性。

2.When writing an academic paper, you should avoid using _______ language.A.colloquialB.formalC.technicalD.sophisticated答案：A。

写学术论文时，应避免使用口语化的语言。

选项B“formal”正式的）、选项C“technical”专业的）和选项D“sophisticated”（复杂的）在学术写作中有其特定用途，而口语化语言不适合学术写作。

3.A good academic paper is characterized by its _______ analysis.A.superficialB.thoroughC.hastyD.cursory答案：B。

一篇好的学术论文以其全面的分析为特点。

选项A“superficial”（ 肤浅的）、选项C“hasty”（ 匆忙的）和选项D“cursory” 粗略的）都不能体现学术论文的高质量分析。

4.In academic writing, you should use _______ sources to support your arguments.A.reliableB.dubiousC.unreliableD.questionable答案：A。

在学术写作中，你应该使用可靠的来源来支持你的论点。

学术英语写作外教社答案1、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for2、80．Thousands of ________ from other countries visit the village every year. [单选题] *A．robotsB．postcardsC．tourists(正确答案)D．bridges3、Our school is beautiful. How about _______? [单选题] *A. theirs(正确答案)B. theirC. theyD. them4、I tell my mother not ______ me.（）[单选题] *A. worry aboutB. to worry about(正确答案)C. worry withD. to worry with5、____ father is a worker. [单选题] *A.Mike's and Mary'sB. Mike and Mary's(正确答案)C. Mike's and MaryD. Mike and Marys'6、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would7、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read8、I walked too much yesterday and （）are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles9、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] * A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain10、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at11、My sister gave me a _______ at my birthday party. [单选题] *A. parentB. peaceC. patientD. present(正确答案)12、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will13、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up14、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes15、I hadn't realized she was my former teacher _____ she spoke [单选题] *A. asB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. while16、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)17、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel18、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none19、Two（）in our school were sent to a remote village to teach for a month. [单选题] *A. women teachers(正确答案)B. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher20、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance21、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared22、56．Sam is in a hurry. Maybe he has got ________ important to do. [单选题] *A．everythingB．nothingC．anythingD．something(正确答案)23、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use24、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of25、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] *A. hundreds of villagersB. hundred villagers(正确答案)C. hundreds villagersD. hundred of villagers26、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on27、—Mum, could you buy a schoolbag ______ me when you go shopping?—No problem.（）[单选题] *A. ofB. toC. inD. for(正确答案)28、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known29、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法30、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)。

《学术英语写作（本科）》章节测试题与答案第1章单元测试1、我不需要做研究，所以我不需要学习学术英语写作。

答案：错2、做旅游攻略的过程，就是一个简单的 research 过程。

答案：对3、et al 就是 and others 的意思。

答案：对4、下面哪些选项是学术英语写作的原因？答案：To report on a piece of research the writer has conducted;、To answer a question the writer has been given or chosen;、To discuss a subject of common interest and give the writer’s view;、To synthesize research done by others on a topic.5、学术英语写作中的一般文本特征包括：答案：sentence、heading、sub-title、paragraph、title、phrase第2章单元测试1、在细化主题时，需要考虑你的写作目的是什么以及预期读者是谁。

答案：对2、My Most Embarrassing Moment是一个可以写的论文题目。

答案：错3、选题不一定是自己感兴趣的和好奇的。

答案：错4、1. 在本章中，提到的四个写作技巧是：答案：Research Log、Work Schedule、Mental Inventory、Brainstorming5、计划书包含下面哪些内容？答案：your topic and your thesis、the kinds of sources you plan to consult、the problems you anticipate、any special aspects of your project第3章单元测试1、在进行互联网搜索时，需要注意的规则是：答案：to remain focused on the research topic.、to resist the temptation to be distracted by unrelated sites.、to review the source, point of view, and completeness of all documents related to the research topic.2、当你进行批判性阅读时，下面哪些是需要考虑的？答案：What are the key ideas in this?、Does the argument of the writer develop logically, step by step?、Are the examples given helpful? Would other examples be better?、Does the author have any bias (leaning to one side or the other)?、Does the evidence presented seem reliable, in my experience and using common sense?、Do I agree with the writer’s views?3、浏览和搜索的结合可以帮助你认识到你的研究主题是否过于宽泛，需要缩小范围，并且和单独的浏览或者搜索相比，它更能找到更完整的相关资源。

学术英语写作（修订版）答案Keys to Task ExtensionsUnit1Task6:Extensions6.1(for reference only)IntroductionThe purpose of this project is to find out the real situation in which the students in a particular college spend their time surfing Internet.It includes how much time they spend doing so,for what reason they work with Internet,and what impact it has on students’learning.To find out the facts about Internet,a survey will be conducted among the students,teachers,and administrative staff.The main proposed problems related to Internet at most colleges can be the overuse of it and overspending of time on it.The serious impact resulted from overdoing Internet needs to be discovered in this project.At most colleges in China,one policy is that freshmen are not allowed to possess a computer,and there are some limitations for them to surf online,which is regarded as one kind of protection to them.In this way,they will not be easily exposed to unhealthy films,pictures,or essays.Also,they can spend not so much time on it and their study will not be affected.In the information society, it is necessary to get information quickly.One of the main sources is Internet.Therefore,it would be wiser to let college students make use of Internet and offer them some guidance.Main bodyFor senior college students,overuse of Internet has become a serious problem.Some students stay up very late surfing thelnternet.Some play video games,some do a lot of chatting,and some spend more time watching films.One student said that on average he spent five hours a day surfing the lnternet.Due to the large number of hours spent on Internet,some students have,to some extent,ruined their academic study and their health.At present,the policy is flexible to the senior students at some colleges.To reserve Internet use, it would be wise for the college to set up an appropriate policy on the one hand and carry out education on the other.It will be important to let students know the passive effect the overuse of Internet might bring to them.At the same time,some rules should be set up.For example,there could be a limit on the use of Internet:after11p.m.no students are expected to surf online.ConclusionTo sum up,it is imperative for college students to obtain information they need for their academic learning through Internet,and it is also necessary to let the students know the bad impact the overuse of Internet would cause on their study and health.6.2(for reference only)IntroductionThe purpose of this project is to find out the main reasons why some families like to send their teenagers to study abroad,and what problems might be brought about to these families and the children.Several articles in various newspapers reported that it had become a social phenomenon for parents to send their children abroad to study.This phenomenon has drawn much public attention.For some families,it has become a big financial burden,and some teenagers could not manage to study and live independently in a foreign country.The project is tryingto expose a real picture about it and see how serious problems it might bring about.The project will also try to search for a better policy to help solve this problem.Keys to Task ExtensionsMain bodyIn accordance with the statistics and information gathered from various newspapers and the Internet,it has become a rather serious problem for some families in China.They sent their children to study abroad because of the following two reasons.First,some of these families are rich enough to do so and they want their children to receive better education abroad,especially language training.Second,some families thought that their children couldn’t pass the national university entrance examinations.So they sent their children abroad.For the latter reason,some families are financially not able to do so.They have to borrow money to pay for their children’s education fee abroad.As a result,some of the families ran into heavy debt.These parents can’t live a proper life because t hey have to send most of their earning to their children.For some children who are studying abroad,they can’t manage to live and study on their own well.As they are rather young,they can’t budget their time and money well without their parents’help.Therefo re,they also run into trouble.It is necessary to tell the parents about the real problems children may have in a foreign country.It is also necessary for them to know that there is a possibility for their children to receive good education at home as the enrollment of college students has already been expanded.And the middle school students have more choice than before for their further education.For these families,it will be much wiser toconsider their financial competence as to whether they will be able to bear it or not.Therefore,it is very necessary to take everything into a careful consideration before they make a final decision.ConclusionFor some well-off families with independent children,it is a good idea to send the children to study abroad.For other families,it might be wiser to let their children study at home,because their children can also receive a proper education.6.3IntroductionOver the past25years,British society has changed a great deal,but the attitudes about working-class or middle-class has not changed much.Main bodyWorking-class refers to those who do manual work.They were paid less than middle-class people.The stereotype of those people is one who would give his wife“housekeeping”,and then would go out and spend the rest on beer,smoking and betting.Nowadays,factory workers earn as much as their middle-class supervisors.Working-class people seem to be losing the feeling of inferiority.ConclusionAmong the young people the attitudes about the working-class or middle-class have changed a lot,but among the older generation the stereotyped attitudes toward working-class still exist.Unit2Task10:Extensions10.1(for reference only)I do agree with the statement that private cars should not be encouraged in big cities in China.The following examples can support my view.One example is that ten years ago it was a very quiet and smooth street in front of our house.But now it has become very crowded from morning till night.There are too many cars in the street.In the past it took only twenty minutes to get to my office,but now it takes at least forty minutes.Another example is that my neighbour bought a car and he got seriously injured several days ago.His family was shocked and very much depressed.To further support my view,I’d like to cite one more example.Due to the exhausted gas produced by the large number of cars,air in our city is not as clean as before.Some experts say that air pollution has become one of the biggest problems in our city.For what is mentioned above,I think that the government should not encourage people to buy cars blindly.10.2(for reference only)This table shows the average family income and expenses in a Chinese city in1985and1995.In 1985,the average family income was￥400,and in1995,the income was over six times as much as that in1985.In1985,the average family income was divided in the following way:65%was spent on food,5%on housing,10%on entertainment,10%was saved,and10%was used to meet other expenses.In1995,a slightly different picture emerged.Housing cost increased by5%,food cost decreased by15%,and entertainmentwent up to20%,and the savings and others remained unchanged.From this table,we can see that the people in this city earned more money in1995than in1985, and spent more on entertainment,which indicates that the people in this city wanted to enjoy themselves.In conclusion,a big change has taken place in the life of Chinese people and their living standards have been improved.10.3(for reference only)This article shows the danger of nuclear weapons to the human beings.This danger is increasing every day because nuclear weapons are possessed by more countries and they are very accurate and powerful.If there were a small accident,a nuclear war would break out.10.4This article shows that people are rejected sometimes just because they make mistakes in their resumes.The author believes that we’ll get rewarded by doing little thinys well.Keys to Task ExtensionsUnit3Task10:Extensions10.11.Topic:AIDS Infection2.Title:Sharp Rise in AIDS Infection in the Developing World3.Introduction:The World Health Organization report indicates that cases of AIDS infection areincreasing rapidly in developing countries particularly in Asia,Latin America,and Sub-Saharan Africa.Currently,the virus has infected8to10million people.The infection rate in developed countries is not increasing as rapidly as it had been,but the dramatic increase in other parts of the world indicates that AIDScases will continue to rise in rural areas of the Third World.4.Main body:The estimate about the cases of AIDS is consistent with an earlier projection by theorganization.But there is a sharp increase in Asia,Latin America,and Sub-Saharan Africa.The increases reflect the growing heterosexual transmission of the AIDS virus around the world.The new estimates about AIDS cases are based on a recently completed analysis of blood tests.The analysis showed that the rate of HIV infection is slowing in industrialized countries.But in sub-Saharan Africa,cases of HIV infection have increased at a rapid speed.Date from Southern Asia, including Thailand and India,showed marked increases in HIV infection.5.Conclusion:The cases of AIDS virus in the developing countries will continue to increase and thesepeople are in danger.10.2DESCRIPTIVE ABOUT HOW PAPER IS MADEPaper is made from wood,and many of the world’s paper mills are found in those countries that have great forests----Canada,Sweden and Finland.Paper is made in the following procedure.After the trees are felled or cut down,they are transported to the sawmill,where they are sawn into logs.Conveyed to the paper mill,the logs are placed in the shredder and cut into small chips.These small chips are mixed with water and acid before they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp.Cleaned and chemically bleached to whiten,the pulp is passed through rollers to be flattened.When the pressed sheets are dried and refined,the paper is produced.10.31)Brown,H.D.2000.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching.London:Longman.2)Cook,V.1993.Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition.London:Macmillan PublishersLtd.3)Most environmental problems are intractable and will take years to resolve,especially indeveloping countries.(Barrett,M.1999:25)4)Richards,J.1999.“Process and product in ESL”.TESOL Quarterly2:409-425.5)Once I met a young man.He gave me the impression that he was particularly successful andhappy.Unit4Task4:Extensions4.1(1)direct quotation:Regarding language and its function,Nida makes the following point:(2)paraphrase:4.2Brislin,R.W.1981.Cross-Cultural Encounters:Face to Face Interaction.New York.(No publisher) During,S.(ed.)1993.TheCultural Studies Reader.Routledge.(No place of publication) Hall,E.T.1966.Beyond Culture.New York:Doubleday.(The book is not italicised)Levine,Deena R.et al.The Culture Puzzle:Cross-Cultural Communication for English as a Second Language.Englewood Cliffs,N.J.:Prentice Hall.(No date of publication)Stewart,E.C.,and M.J.Bennett.1991.American Cultural Patterns:A Cross-Cultural Perspective.Yarmouth,Maine:Intercultural Press.(correct)4.3Answers are open.Students should have all the publishing details correct.4.4Abstract1:(1)the questions being explored(2)the method and materials being used(3)the content of the paper(4)the findings/resultAbstract2:(1)statement of the research question/issue(2)description of the research method and design(3)major content of the paper(4)major findings and their significanceKeys to Task ExtensionsUnit5Task6:Extensions6.1Answers are open.Each student is encouraged to put down as many topics of interest as possible.By discussing their possibilities as a subjectfor research,the students should help each other to decide whether the topic is too vague or too broad,too narrow or too complicated;whether there are sufficient available resources that will help finish this project.6.2Students should be clear in their minds what their own ideas on this subject are.The teacher can ask the whole class to brainstorm the possible arguments which will help them develop their project.6.3What is the credit system in China like now?What are the policies concerning China’s credit system?How is it different from the credit system in developed countries such as the United States??What are the problems?How to improve the credit system in China?Unit6Task10:Extensions10.110.210.3(1)Labour union:Labour unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers foreconomic and job benefits.They exist to create and wield political and economic power against private management and the government to achieve their goals.These goals are primarily higher wages,better working conditions,and job security.(Scott and Nigro,1982)(2)Language acquisition device:Language acquisition device(LAD)refers to the capacity toacquire one’s first language,when this capacity is pictured as a sort of mechanism or apparatus.In the1960s and1970s Chomsky and others claimed that every normal human being was born with a LAD.The LAD included basic knowledge about the nature and structure of human language.The LAD was offered as an explanation of why children develop competence in their first language in a relatively short time,merely by being exposed to it.(Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics)(3)Acrophobia:Acrophobia is an intense,unreasonable fear of high places.People withacrophobia exhibit physical symptoms in response to being at great heights.One sufferer from extreme acrophoia,Tom Smith,is unable to go above the third floor of any building without feeling enormous anxiety.(4)Boycott:A boycott is an organised refusal by a group of people to deal with another personor group to achieve a specific goal.An illustration is the famous boycott that began in1955when Mrs.Rosa Parks of Montgomery,Alabama,refused to obey a local ordinance requiring black people to sit at the back of city buses.Mrs.Parks was arrested,and that sparked off a boycott of the Montgomery bus system by blacks.Keys to Task Extensionsunit7Task7:Extensions7.11.400,0002.3,6003.more than804.no more than100,000/less than100,0005.1,800WPH6.six percent7.21.2,500c.c.2.fluids3.solid food4.lungs5.twenty6.water loss7.solid wastes8.ten7.3(for reference only)1.the changes in the numbers of people visiting a particular website between January and August2.more detailed information about the nationalities of those visitors3.the website attracted increasing numbers of visitors4.some fluctuation over the period5.the site being visited by five nationality groups6.the nationality breakdown has changed7.4(for reference only)The graph compares the rate of smoking in men and women in Someland from1960to2000.It can be clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women is currently declining and that fewer women have smoked throughout the period.In1960,600men in every1,000was smoking.This number decreased gradually to500by1975and continued to decrease but more steeply to250in2000.In contrast,the rate of smoking in women in 1960was very low at only80in every1,000.By1968this increased to170,and increased again but more steeply to320in1977.The rate of female smokers then remained stable at320until1984at which point the figures began to decline and had dropped to200by2000.In conclusion we can see that the rate of smoking in men dropped throughout the whole period but was always at a higher level than the female figures.The rate of smoking in women increased until1977 but then decreased for the rest of the period.Unit8Task6:Extensions6.1(for reference only)The optimum positioning of roadside advertisements is recognized by the industry as an important factor in attracting the attention of passing drivers.Less acknowledged is the possibility that the location of an advertisement may distractattention from vital driving-related information.This study compared street-level advertisements(SLAs)with raised-level advertisements(RLAs)of the same size that were suspended3m above the ground,on their ability to attract attention under different task conditions.Participants were split into two groups and watched video clips of driving,rating them for hazardousness while their eye movements were recorded.One of the groups was additionally primed to attend to advertisements.SLAs received the most fixations when participants were solely looking for hazards,and the fewest fixations when primed to look for advertisements.Though SLAs also had longer fixations than the RLAs,they were more poorly recognized in a subsequent memory test.We conclude that SLAs attract and hold attention at inappropriate times compared to raised-level advertisements.6.2(for reference only)This study compared street-level advertisements(SLAs)with raised-level advertisements(RLAs)of the same size that were suspended3m above the ground,on their ability to attract attention under different task conditions.The result of our experiments on32participants,who were divided into two groups,shows that SLAs attract and hold attention at inappropriate times compared to raised-level advertisements.6.3Answers are open.。

Academic Writing（学术英语写作）中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.__________ is a very unique genre in academic context for it recalls what youhave learned.答案:Reflective writing2.__________ will contain raw data and other materials not central to the mainwork.答案:Appendix3.__________are a way of combing two sentences which have a close relationshipinto one.答案:Semicolons4.What is problem in the following statement?"Many people like large families."答案:Unspecific language5.What hedgin g language is used here to show the author’s degree ofconfidence?“One of the main functions of the pancreas is to produce hormones.”答案:Adjective6.The words “this”, “which” and “likewise” can be used as __________.答案:reference7.Read the following definition and identify the problem in it."By commercial advertisements, I mean these tricks and traps manufacturers use to advocate their products in all kinds of mass media."答案:Loaded definition with negative emotions8.Which of the following is NOT true about a paragraph developed byclassification?答案:Items from different classes can be discussed here.9.Read the following sentences and decide what kind of causal analysis thesesentences follow?"What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? Firstly, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. Furthermore, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhapscenters on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides."答案:One single effect is caused by multiple causes.10.When we are planning to write an essay developed by comparison orcontrast, what should we consider as the first step?答案:Points of comparison11.Which of the following is NOT a function of the Conclusion?答案:It adds some new evidence or ideas to the essay.12.Read the following short paragraph and decide which arguing approach is used here."Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are imperfect, but they are likely to eventually become safer drivers than humans. According to data of automotive fatalities from the World Health Organization in 2018, 1.35 million humans died in car accidents, with tens of millions more injuries and disabilities (World Health Organization, 2018). Few of those deaths were the results of part failure or bad luck; the majority results from intoxication, texting while driving, and other distractions."答案:deductive13.Look at the copyright page of a book. What is the publishing house?答案: Routledge14.Look at the copyright page of a book, who is the author of the book?答案:Stephen Bailey15.In general, titles of science papers have around __________ words.答案:10-1516.When writing the Results section, we should consider the following steps__________:①summarize your findings with the relevant data②determine which results to present③present the data in an appropriate way④organize the data in order答案:②④③①17.From specific to general, a conclusion should contain: ____________,_______________, __________, _______________.①restatement of research purpose②limitation and recommendation③implications and significance④synthesis of main results答案:①④③②18.Which of the following is correct when the same author is cited for twopapers published within the same year?答案:Ellis, 2019a; Ellis, 2019b19._________ can include a general topic in the first part and a specific topic abouta distinctive feature of the study in the second part, which are oftenconnected by a colon.答案:Two-part titles20.__________ is a series of words that will often appear together.答案:Collocation21.“Replacing some of the author’s words in your text with synonyms, butmaintaining the overall structures and the vocabulary of the original” is not considered as plagiarism.答案:错误22.Academic writing is complicated.答案:错误23.In your academic writing, you should try to maximize the number of contentwords. One way to do this is to increase the number of nouns or nounphrases.答案:正确24.Many collocations in English contain function words, such as nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs.答案:错误25.Only transitional words, such as “because” and “thus”, can be regarded asgood transition to achieve coherence.答案:错误26.In an essay developed by comparison and contrast, the block pattern ispreferable in long writing in which there are numerous points underdiscussion.答案:错误27.When we write a conclusion for a process essay, we only need to repeat theinformation mentioned in the essay without providing any specific details.答案:正确28.An argumentative essay is an essay in which you agree with an issue andsupport it with evidence.答案:错误29. A thesis statement may state not only the author’s own point of view but a lsothe view from the other side.答案:正确30.An annotated bibliography include the list of all your sources and thesummary of the content of each source.答案:正确31.The following is an acceptable direct quotation:Gould and Brown (1991) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of thetree of life "to express the other form of interconnectedness–genealogicalrather than ecological” (p. 14).Reference:Gould, J. & Brown, A. (1991). The mating mind. Behavior Ecology,22(3),10-19.答案:正确32.Titles need to keep short and concise, and attracts the reader’s attention.答案:正确33.The abstract is the first thing you write.答案:错误34.An abstract should be fully understandable on its own to someone whohasn’t read your full paper or related sources.答案:正确35. A formal review of literature should be in the Introduction section of aresearch paper.答案:错误。

英语学术写作考试答案问：At the end of the film, we can see Schindler’s Jews keeping walking, walking from the distance to us. At the moment, the black-and-white image is changing into colors. The change from black-and-white to colors means all except ________.答：bad memory of the past问：In 2014, Nicholas Winton was awarded the highest honor of the Czech Republic, the Order of the White Lion by Czech President. He is often called __________.答：British Schindler问：第二次鸦片战争，战败的清王朝被迫签订了《中英天津条约》《中法北京条约》，此后不久，沙皇俄国趁火打劫强迫清政府签订了《中俄瑷珲条约》等一系列条约割占了中国大片领土。

答：正确问：抗日战争期间中国国民党军队有（）多万带着枪投靠了日本帝国主义，那就是我们经常在电视里面看到的伪军。

答：B问：Ho Feng-Shan was a Chinese ____________. When he was Consul-general in Vienna,Austriaduring World War II.答：diplomat问：Which is not the right statement about Susannah?答：She is dependent on Samuel.问：Which of the following is not right for the description of the genre of this film?答：Comedy.问：你与客户交谈中，客户把之前和你讲过的一件事，当成第一次和你讲，饶有兴致地说着，你应当（）。

PART FIVE: READINGS FOR WRITERS/ANSWER KEY 1Note: Answers, with notations as appropriate, are provided here for the reading comprehension questions that follow each of the eighteen reading selections. As well, a model thesis and support outline is provided for each reading. Numbers of relevant paragraphs from each selection are shown in parentheses for the supporting points within the outlines.ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SELF-RELIANCE”—RALPH WALDO EMERSONReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. c3. b4. d5. a6. c Paragraph 47. c Paragraph 38. False Paragraph 39. c Paragraph 710. bThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: There is a time in everyone’s life when he or she realizes that believing inhimself/herself is more important than believing what others say.1.Trust in personal thoughts and ideas (2).2.Be a nonconformist and don’t worry about what others think (3-5).3.Don’t be a fraid to change (6-7).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THREE PASSIONS”—BERTRAND RUSSELLReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. d Answer a is too narrow; answer b is unsupported; answer c is toobroad.4. a Paragraph 15. b. Paragraph 26. False Paragraph 37. c8. d9. a10. d. Answers a, b, and c are unsupported.Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Three passions have governed the author’s li fe.1. The first passion in the author’s life has been the search for love (2).2. The second passion in the author’s life has been the search for knowledge(3).3. The third and final passion in the author’s life has been a deep sense ofpity (4).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SHAME”—DICK GREGORY Reading Comprehension Questions1. a2. d3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c Paragraph 66. True Paragraph 237. a Paragraph 58. b The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund showsRichard’s pride; see also paragraph 28.9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in frontof the entire class; see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Rich ard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23. Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1.He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front ofHelene Tucker (7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money(28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “I BECAME HER TARGET”—ROGER WILKINSReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. d Answers a and c are too broad; answer b is not supported by theselection.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too broad.5. d Paragraph 36. a Paragraph 67. b Paragraph 78. b Paragraph 29. c Paragraph 610. d Paragraph 11 (We know that Miss Bean had not intended to knockthe pencil from his hand because she gasped when the pencil wentflying.)Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: A teacher helped the first black student in school to be accepted and to learnto think for himself.1. As a black newcomer to an all-white school in a bigoted neighborhoodbefore the era of civil rights, the author felt shame for being different (1-3).2. Miss Bean immediately began to give Wilkins “human dimensions” byincluding him in class discussion (4-6).3. By requiring Wilkins to give his opinion on facts learned in class, MissBean showed him “that thinking was part of education” and that he could“form opinions that had some value” (7-10).4. By (accidentally) knocking a pencil from Wilkins’s hand with a tossederaser, Miss Bean made Wilkins “just another kid in school” (11). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “STEPPING INTO THE LIGHT”—TANYA SAVORYReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. c3. c Answer a is too narrow; answers b and d are too broad.4. b5. d Paragraph 276. b Paragraph 297. a Paragraph 288. b9. d Paragraphs 29-3110. c Paragraph 32Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Over time a person can learn to accept her identity as a gay woman and to love her enemies.1. The author explains her fear of being true to herself and expressing heridentity. (14)2. The author is stunned when her father encourages her to be who she trulyis. (20)3. The author embraces the option to love others and to respond to hate withlove. (35)ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OU TLINE FOR “A HANGING”—GEORGE ORWELL Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. d3. d Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer c is toonarrow (the execution may have been legally necessary accordingto the laws of Burma at the time, but Orwell feels it is morallywrong).4. c Answers a, b, and d are ideas not suggested in the essay.5. b Paragraph 126. False Orwell does not say what crime the prisoner had been convicted of.7. a Paragraph 128. b Paragraph 109. d Paragraphs 3, 7, 1310. a Paragraphs 19, 23, 24Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: “When I saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle, I saw the mystery, theunspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide” (10).Or: Taking another person’s life is morally wrong.1. The moments leading up to the hanging are filled with a tension caused bythe enormity of the act—taking another person’s life—that is about tooccur. In particular, the dog trying to lick the condemned man’s facereminds us of the life still within him (2-9).2. The prisoner stepping aside to avoid a puddle and moving clumsily up thegallows ladder reminds the narrator of the life within the man (10-11).3. The man further asserts his life by praying loudly to his god until themoment of his death (12-13).4. The relief and laughter by the participants afterwards is also a measure ofthe momentous event—the murder of another human being—that hasoccurred (16-24).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “WHAT YOUR CLOSE T REVEALS ABOUT YOU”—AMY TANReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c4. b Answer a is too narrow; answer c is not central; answer d is too narrow5. a6. c Paragraph 17. d Paragraph 48. a Paragraph 59. d10. b Paragraph 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The items found in a person’s closet r eveal many secrets about the owner.1.Looking into the venture capitalist’s closet revealed an obsessive-compulsive womanwho was “so inflexible she allowed no wrinkles in her life” (1-4).2.The author analyzes her own closet that was a “repository of foibles and fetishes, andarchive of my personality and life history” (5-9).3.The author illustrates how the changes in her closet reflect the changes in her life (10-13).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THE PROFESSOR IS A DROPOUT”—BETH JOHNSONReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. b3. d Answers a and b are too broad; answer c is too narrow.4. c Answers a and d are too broad; answer c is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 156. d Paragraph 367. b Paragraph 178. a9. c Answers a, b, and d are unsupported10. bThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Lupe Quintanilla overcame significant cultural and linguistic obstacles to obtain an education, develop a rewarding career, and help her children achieve success.1. Lupe spends her early childhood in Mexico (3-4).2. Lupe moves to Texas with her grandparents and has difficulty in school(5-9).3. Lupe learns at home and becomes a great reader (10-11).4. Lupe marries and has five children (12).5. As Lupe’s children attend school, she has a profound revelation abouttheir schooling and about her own educational experience (13-23).6. Lupe begins college without a high school degree and makes the dean’slist during the first semester, transfers to a full university and eventuallyearns her doctorate in education (24-32).7. The author and Lupe reflect on how she managed to achieve as much asshe did while also raising her children (33-35).8. Lupe credits her accomplishments within the Hispanic community and thelarger society to her belief that everyone is the “architect of [their] owndestiny,” to her love of reading, and the importance of education (36-38).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THE CERTAINTY OF FEAR”—AUDRA KENDALLReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. a3. d Answer a is too broad; answer b is too narrow.4. c5. a Paragraph 156. b Paragraph 257. b Paragraph 248. a Paragraphs 4-69. d10. dThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: People fear different things at different stages of their lives.1. The author relates her own fears as a child (1-7).2. Young children’s fears (8-13).3. Adolescent s’ fears (14-16).4. Fears during middle age (17-21)5. Fears of the elderly (22-25)ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “WHAT’S WRONG WITH SC HOOLS? TEACHER PLAYS STUDENT, LEARNS TO LIE AND CHEAT”—CASEY BANAS Reading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. b4. d5. c Paragraph 116. False Paragraph 127. b Paragraph 78. c Paragraph 7, 8, 99. b Paragraph 1210. b Paragraph 6, 12Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: “. . . students are turned off because they have little power and responsibility fortheir own education” (2).1. Students don’t decide on or do homework; teachers assign it and then do itthemselves in class (3-4).2. Teachers take an active role in the classroom, and students, a passive one (5-7).3. Students see teachers primarily as grade-distributors and role-players, not aspeople who can teach them things (9-10).4. Teachers demand too little of students (12).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “PROPAGANDA TECH NIQUES IN TOD AY’S ADVERTISING”—ANN MCCLINTOCKReading Comprehension Questions1. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, whichappeal to the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages throughvarious propaganda techniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names orcomments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims withno explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most peoplerespect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).or making an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others aredoing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “CHIEF SEATTLE’S SPEECH OF 1854”—CHIEF SEATTLEReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. b4. c5. a6. d7. c Paragraph 58. b Paragraph 89. c10. b Paragraphs 18 and 21Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: We accept that our people will have to move to a reservation, but we need tomaintain the right, without molestation, to visit our ancestors on ancestral lands.1.Indians used to be great in number, but have since diminished, thus diminishing theirpower (3-4).2.Fighting is not the answer and will serve only to hurt us as the white ma n’s numbersare far greater (5-8).3.Our religion and culture, though different from the white man’s beliefs, are importantand should be respected (9-21).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SINGLE SEX SCHOOLS: AN OLD IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS COME”—DIANE URBINAReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c Answers a, b, and d are too narrow.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too broad.5. c Paragraph 96. b Paragraph 147. b Paragraphs 148. d9. a10. cThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Single-sex schools offer students advantages that they cannot get in coed settings.1. One advantage to single-sex schools is because girls and boys simply learndifferently (4)2. Another advantage of single-sex schools is that they take into account avery basic fact of life; boys and girls act differently in each others’presence (9).3. A final reason that single-sex schools are advantageous concerns thebehavior of teachers (12).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “HERE’S TO YOUR HEALTH”—JOAN DUNAYERReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, neverdirectly stated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcoholcan prevent success (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; thereality is that alcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; thereality is that alcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline(7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness;the reality is that alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “MAYOR OF RUST”—SUE HALPERN Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. b3. d4. b Answer c is too broad; Answers a and d are not supported.5. d Paragraph 56. d7. c8. a Paragraph 129. d10. aThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The mayor of Braddock, Pennsylvania, John Fetterman, has been working toimprove the dying town though it is still a work in progress.1.The town fell into decline when the steel mills shut down, resulting in a loss ofpopulation, loss of structures, and increased violence, but since Fetterman has beenmayor, things have begun to turn around (1-6).2.John Fetterman was introduced to Braddock when he was hired to start a program forat-risk youth, and he decided to stay and run for mayor (7-11).3.His work as mayor has not always been welcome or by-the-book, but Fetterman seeshis job as improving the town, not working for popularity (12-25).4.Although people have moved into Braddock, hoping to benefit both themselves andthe town, not everyone has had success with urban renewal (26-39).5.The Braddock story is not finished; further positive developments may (or may not)yet evolve (40).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “HOW TO MAKE IT IN COLLEGE, NOW THAT YOU’RE HERE”—BRIAN O’KEENEYReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. c3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 2 and 136. d Paragraph 237. d Paragraphs 15 through 188. a Paragraph 29. b Paragraph 910. d Paragraphs 2, 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: You can succeed in college if you follow certain guidelines.1. You can get good grades by developing good study habits (3-12).2. You can handle your various responsibilities by scheduling your timeefficiently (13-18).3. You should learn how to cope when personal problems conflict withschool work (19-23).4. You can develop a positive attitude (24-27).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “COLLEG E LECTURES: IS ANYBODY LISTENING?”—DAVID DANIELSReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a singlepoint of the selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitabilityand teachers and students find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “IS SEX ALL THAT MATTERS?”—JOYCE GARITYReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. c3. c4. d5. c Paragraphs 4 and 66. a Paragraph 57. b Paragraph 28. b9. c Paragraphs 10 and 1110. b Paragraph 10Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Nothing, not even sex education, is counteracting the numerous sexual images in our society that encourage irresponsible sex.1. A seventeen-year-old girl, Elaine, who is living temporarily with theauthor, reveals that she has gotten pregnant because birth control is not“romantic”(1-2).2. The author reflects on the effects in a ‘sex-saturated universe’ of magazineand television ads on young people (3-8).3. The author provides statistics to support her argument that “heroes” in oursociety are those who advocate sexual excess (9).4. Sex education isn’t taught in a manner that really reaches young peopleand little else is done in society to counter the emphasis on sexuality (10-11).5. The author returns to thinking about Elaine, who is now pregnant again.(12).。

Lecture11. Improve the following sentences by using nominalization.(1) We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam.(Key: An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam)(2)If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change.(Key: The addition or remove of heat may change the state of matter.)2. Identify the informal expressions in the following sentences. Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the informal expressions with a more formal equivalent.(1) You clearly can see the difference between the treated and untreated specimens.(Key: The difference between the treated and untreated specimens can be clearly seen.)(2) Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organization could make sure that all potential mothers are vaccinated in good time.(Key: Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organization could ensure that all potential mothers are vaccinated in good time.)Lecture21. (1)Key: Application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics(2) Key: Developing Computer Internet and Spreading of Culture and Information(3) Key: Monoclonal Antibodies in Nuclear Medicine(4) Key: Mechanisms of Retinal Damage：Chronic Laser Radiation(5) Key: Commercialization of the Natural Gas Vehicles(6) Key: Prediction of Wash Load Ratefrom the Bed Load Function?(7) (a good title)(8) Key: Foreign Languages Learning and Cultural Background Teaching(9)Keywords: English, V ocabulary, Tendency(10)Key: Keywords: Collocation Context Connotation （单词间隔要大点)(Using larger space between words)2. Keywords: EEG; ECG; P300; HRV; driving mental fatigue3. (1)(答案：The acceleration of gravity continually increases as the body approaches the earth, air resistance being neglected. )(2) (答案：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best.)(3) (答案：In Group 1, we have hydrogen and the alkali metals,all of low density.)(4) (答案：There are many reasons for this, among them the fact that simulation allows the assessment of the potential performance before a newly designed system is operable.)(5) (答案：Laser, its creation being thoug ht to be one of today’s wonders, i s nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights.)Lecture31. (Sentence1: background information;Sentence 2-4: research aimSentence5-8: methodologySentence9-10: resultsSentence 11: conclusion)2.(1)__c__ (2)___d___ (3)__b__ (4)__e___ (5)__a__Lecture51.[Key][Version A] plagiarism[Version B] Improper paraphrase, plagiarism[Version C] appropriate paraphrase[Version D] not plagiarism2. 1) a. Deep water exploring oil had once been impossible before, but now it becomes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much.b. Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there are developments in floating rigs.2) A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell.3) It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo bears a lot of plasticity which enables it to develop successfully even under the condition that there are a great proportion of malfunctioning genes.3. (1).According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earth's climate. He fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the sun, the source of the earth's heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic waters that flow north and cool the oceans and atmosphere ("Captain Cousteau" 17).(3). The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving the lives of hundreds of victims annually, half of whom are school children ("Bike Helmets" 348).(5). How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the present world marvel, the Sears Tower, is unknown. However, the design of one twice as tall is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories (Bachman 15). 4. Sample of a summary from the "Academic Honesty Policy”Gallaudet University's "Academic Honesty Policy" states that students need to be honest when filling out forms, taking tests, and doing writing assignments. If students are not honest, they can be severely punished. For example, if a student lies on an official form, like an application, the student can be dismissed from the university. Also, if a teacher finds that a student cheated on a test or a paper the teacher can grade the student's test or paper with an "F." The teacher can also flunk the student for the whole course, or the teacher can ask the Provost to kick the student out of school for academic dishonesty. The Provost decides if a student should be dismissed or not.Lecture 6。

学术英语写作教程答案the simulation1、The sun disappeared behind the clouds. [单选题] *A. 出现B. 悬挂C. 盛开D. 消失(正确答案)2、We _______ play basketball after school. [单选题] *A. were used toB. used to(正确答案)C. use toD. are used to3、The classmates can' t（）Alice from her twin sister. [单选题] *A. speakB. tell(正确答案)C. talkD. say4、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)5、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take6、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself7、I’ve _______ a job interview today. [单选题] *A. haveB. had(正确答案)C. hasD. have gone to8、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /9、Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see _______. [单选题] *A. herB. him(正确答案)C. itD. them10、Our teacher was very happy because _______ failed the exam. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody11、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by12、7．—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] *A．funB．chalk(正确答案)C．waterD．time13、We can see ______ stars at night if it doesn’t rain. [单选题] *A. a thousand ofB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of(正确答案)14、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for15、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading16、24．Kitty’s father ______ a policeman since 2 He loves helping people. [单选题] * A．isB．wasC．has been (正确答案)D．have been17、E-mail is _______ than express mail, so I usually email my friends. [单选题] *A. fastB. faster(正确答案)C. the fastestD. more faster18、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple19、Guilin is _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. famous for(正确答案)B. interested inC. fond ofD. careful with20、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy21、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice22、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter23、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)24、I have seldom seen my father（）pleased with my progress as he is now. [单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. veryC. tooD. rather25、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys26、—______ pencils are these?—They are Tony’s.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhereC WhoD. Whose(正确答案)27、—______ —（）[单选题] *A. How long did you stay there?B. How much did you pay for the dress?C. How many flowers did you buy?(正确答案)D. How often did you visit your grandparents?28、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few29、77．–Hey! Any idea about learning abroad? --You （)google the College Board to learn the names of college you ____ be interested in [单选题] *A. may;needB. can; might (正确答案)C. will; shouldD. shall; must30、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared。

学术英语写作_东南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of nominalization?答案:Express concrete concepts.2.Which of the following statement is TRUE?答案:The sentence nominalization formula consists of 4 steps, writing a simple sentence, nominalizing a main verb or adjective, adding a second verb and writing the additional information.3.To avoid plagiarism, graduate students can________.答案:not use exactly the same language when borrowing ideas4.Which of the following statements is TRUE in terms of paraphrasing?答案:Lexical+syntactic paraphrasing is better than separate use of lexical orsyntactic paraphrasing.5.To begin the Discussion section, you may remind readers of your ______,preferably in a single sentence.答案:goals6.Discussion sections which do not have a Conclusion may end with _________.答案:what the findings imply7.Unlike the Abstract and Introduction, the Conclusions section does not_________.答案:provide background details8.One of the key elements of the Conclusion section is a final _________ on thesignificance of the findings in terms of their implications and impact, along with possible applications to other areas.judgment9.________ answer the question “Why did the event happen?”答案:Causes10.If you can discuss a cause without having to discuss any other causes, thenvery likely it is a ______ cause.答案:direct11. A ________ means two unrelated things happening together.答案:coincidence12.If you are describing ideas and concepts, ________ language is appropriate.abstractpared with the sign ‘HOUSE FOR SALE’, ‘HOME FOR SALE’ may bepreferred for advertisement because the word ‘home’ is full of _________.答案:connotations14.Speaking of basic sentence structures we may think of all of the followingexcept ________.答案:common sentences15. A ___ thesis statement may make a claim that requires analysis to support andevolve it.答案:strong16.“Shopping malls are wonderful places.” is a weak thesis statement in that it_________.答案:offers personal conviction as the basis for the claim17. A weak thesis statement _________.答案:either makes no claim or makes a claim that does not need proving18.Which of the following words or expressions can NOT be used as a sequentialmarker？答案:although19.The authors prefer to use the adjectives such as “apparent” and “obvious”when describing the information of the graphs because they want to____ the significant data.答案:highlight20.Which of the following statements is NOT true when we describe theinformation in a graph and make some comparison?答案:We only compare the information which we are very familiar with.21.Which of the words and expressions can be used to show contrast?答案:on the contrary22.The Method Section provides the information by which the ______ andcredibility of a study can ultimately be judged.答案:validity23.Which of the statements is NOT true about the Method Section?答案:The Method Section is very important because it provides the information of data collection and data analysis.24.When referring to a figure, you can use an expression like ______.答案:As shown in Figure 1…25.To write a literature review, what should you write about after discussing thelimitations of the previous works?答案:The gap revealed by these limitations.26.If you plan to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of keyconcepts in your literature review, which of following method would youadopt to organize it?答案:Theoretical27.Which of the following tenses could be used to refer to ongoing situations, i.e.when authors are still investigating a particular field?答案:The present perfect28.______ is used for communication between the editor and authors.答案:Cover letter29.The register of the following discourse is ____.Dear Professor Adams, I’m texting you to ask for a sick leave for your class of next week. I was just diagnosed as having flu, which is contagious. Can I have your PowerPoint to make it up? Thank you very much for your understanding.答案:consultative30.The register of the following discourse is ____.I’m sick and tired of your crap!答案:personal31.For beginner writers, the title should be as short as possible.答案:错误32.If you find a book highly relevant to your essay, you don't have to search forother materials.答案:错误33. A student should choose a topic for their essay based on professors’ interest.答案:错误34.Nominalization makes writing more “written” and professional.答案:正确35.Keywords can be selected from the method used in a paper.答案:正确36.IEEE style is always used in medicine.答案:错误37.There are only two reference styles.答案:错误38.Reference is used to avoid unethical behaviors in academic writing.答案:正确39.For a paper, properly selected keywords can increase its possibilities of beingread and cited.答案:正确40.Cover letter is written to the author of a paper.答案:错误41.The contact information is unnecessary to be provided in a cover letter.答案:错误42.Acknowledgement sometimes will be omitted in a paper.答案:正确43.Acknowledgement is used to express gratitude to tutors but not fundproviders.答案:错误44.The elements included in the Method Section should be the same in differentjournals.答案:错误45.When you conduct your experiments by following other researchers’methods, you should acknowledge these researchers to avoid plagiarism.答案:正确46.We only use the past tense when writing the Method Section and the ResultsSection.答案:错误47.The purpose of writing a literature review is to produce a thesis statementbased on the current understanding about the research topic.答案:正确48.The simple literature review model not only presents the current state ofknowledge about a topic but also argues how this knowledge reasonablyleads to a problem or to a question requiring original research.答案:错误49.Your professor discussed some interesting ideas in today’s lecture on Plato. Itis not academically dishonest if you decide to use these ideas in your paper without giving the source.答案:错误50.To summarize is to give a shortened version of the written or spokenmaterial, stating the main points and leaving out anything that is notessential.答案:正确。

Academic English Writing （学术英语写作）_北京理工大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.Which of the following statements is incorrect about paraphrase?答案:Paraphrase should be as short as possible.2.What is used more in news reports where it helps create an objective orimpartial impression by distancing the reporter from the topic?答案:Passive voice3.Which of the following statements is incorrect about classification?答案:There might be more than one principle of organization in a classification essay.4.Which of the following hooks can only be used in argumentative essays?答案:turning the argument on its head5.What can be included in a conclusion?答案:All of the above6.Which is NOT one of the three pieces of information to make up a definition?答案:comparison7.He made a quick ____from his illness.答案:recovery8.____the stress of examinations is over, we can all relax.答案:Now that9.If the scheme is ____carried out without waste of time or energy, I shall becompletely satisfied.答案:efficiently10.They agreed to share in common any ____of funds after all expenses werepaid in full.答案:surplus11. A topic sentence consists of the topic and the controlling idea.答案:正确12. A concluding sentence is a repetition of the topic sentence.答案:错误13.In a process paragraph, the concluding sentence can be the last step.答案:正确14. A thesis statement only needs to present the controlling ideas of the essay.答案:错误15.“What if you were to wake up tomorrow morning and have no memory of thepast?” can be a good hook.答案:正确16.In English writing, it is acceptable to wander away from the topic.答案:错误17. A cause and effect essay normally addresses only one cause and one effect.答案:错误18.It’s acceptable to bring in a new topic in the conclusion of an essay.答案:错误19. A good argumentative essay had better include a refutation of the opposingopinion.答案:正确20.An opinion is what someone believes is true and has been proven.答案:错误21. A paragraph consists of three parts: a topic sentence, s________ sentences, aconcluding sentence.请填入完整单词。

学术英语写作答案part5PART FIVE: READINGS FOR WRITERS/ANSWER KEY 1Note: Answers, with notations as appropriate, are provided here for the reading comprehension questions that follow each of the eighteen reading selections. As well, a model thesis and support outline is provided for each reading. Numbers of relevant paragraphs from each selection are shown in parentheses for the supporting points within the outlines.ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SELF-RELIANCE”—RALPH WALDO EMERSONReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. c3. b4. d5. a6. c Paragraph 47. c Paragraph 38. False Paragraph 39. c Paragraph 710. bThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: There is a time in everyone’s life when he or she realizes that believing inhimself/herself is more important than believing what others say.1.Trust in personal thoughts and ideas (2).2.Be a nonconformist and don’t worry about what others think (3-5).3.Don’t be a fraid to change (6-7).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THREE PASSIONS”—BERTRAND RUSSELLReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. d Answer a is too narrow; answer b is unsupported; answer c is toobroad.4. a Paragraph 15. b. Paragraph 26. False Paragraph 37. c8. d9. a10. d. Answers a, b, and c are unsupported.Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Three passions have governed the author’s li fe.1. The first passion in the author’s life has been the search for love (2).2. The second passion in the author’s life has been the search for knowledge(3).3. The third and final passion in the author’s life has been a deep sense ofpity (4).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SHAME”—DICK GREGORY Reading Comprehension Questions1. a2. d3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c Paragraph 66. True Paragraph 237. a Paragraph 58. b The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund showsRichard’s pride; see also paragraph 28.9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in frontof the entire class; see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Rich ard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23. Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1.He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front ofHelene Tucker (7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money(28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “I BECAME HER TARGET”—ROGER WILKINSReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. d Answers a and c are too broad; answer b is not supported by theselection.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too broad.5. d Paragraph 36. a Paragraph 67. b Paragraph 78. b Paragraph 29. c Paragraph 610. d Paragraph 11 (We know that Miss Bean had not intended to knockthe pencil from his hand because she gasped when the pencil wentflying.)Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: A teacher helped the first black student in school to be accepted and to learnto think for himself.1. As a black newcomer to an all-white school in a bigoted neighborhoodbefore the era of civil rights, the author felt shame for being different (1-3).2. Miss Bean immediately began to give Wilkins “human dimensions” byincluding him in class discussion (4-6).3. By requiring Wilkins to give his opinion on facts learned in class, MissBean showed him “that thinking was part of education” and that he could“form opinions that had some value” (7-10).4. By (accidentally) knocking a pencil from Wilkins’s hand with a tossederaser, Miss Bean made Wilkins “just another kid in school” (11). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “STEPPING INTO THE LIGHT”—TANYA SAVORYReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. c3. c Answer a is too narrow; answers b and d are too broad.4. b5. d Paragraph 276. b Paragraph 297. a Paragraph 288. b9. d Paragraphs 29-3110. c Paragraph 32Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Over time a person can learn to accept her identity as a gay woman and to love her enemies.1. The author explains her fear of being true to herself and expressing heridentity. (14)2. The author is stunned when her father encourages her to be who she trulyis. (20)3. The author embraces the option to love others and to respond to hate withlove. (35)ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OU TLINE FOR “A HANGING”—GEORGE ORWELL Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. d3. d Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer c is toonarrow (the execution may have been legally necessary accordingto the laws of Burma at the time, but Orwell feels it is morallywrong).4. c Answers a, b, and d are ideas not suggested in the essay.5. b Paragraph 126. False Orwell does not say what crime the prisoner had been convicted of.7. a Paragraph 128. b Paragraph 109. d Paragraphs 3, 7, 1310. a Paragraphs 19, 23, 24Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: “When I saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle, I saw the mystery, theunspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide” (10).Or: Taking another person’s life is morally wrong.1. The moments leading up to the hanging are filled with a tension caused bythe enormity of the act—taking another person’s life—that is about tooccur. In particular, the dog trying to lick the condemned man’s facereminds us of the life still within him (2-9).2. The prisoner stepping aside to avoid a puddle and moving clumsily up thegallows ladder reminds the narrator of the life within the man (10-11).3. The man further asserts his life by praying loudly to his god until themoment of his death (12-13).4. The relief and laughter by the participants afterwards is also a measure ofthe momentous event—the murder of another human being—that hasoccurred (16-24).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “WHAT YOUR CLOSE T REVEALS ABOUT YOU”—AMY TAN Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c4. b Answer a is too narrow; answer c is not central; answer d is too narrow5. a6. c Paragraph 17. d Paragraph 48. a Paragraph 59. d10. b Paragraph 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The items found in a person’s closet r eveal many secrets about the owner.1.Looking into the venture capitalist’s closet revealed an obsessive-compulsive womanwho was “so inflexible she allowed no wrinkles in her life” (1-4).2.The author analyzes her own closet that was a “repository of foibles and fetishes, andarchive of my personality and life history” (5-9).3.The author illustrates how the changes in her closet reflect the changes in her life (10-13).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THE PROFESSOR IS A DROPOUT”—BETH JOHNSON Reading Comprehension Questions1. a2. b3. d Answers a and b are too broad; answer c is too narrow.4. c Answers a and d are too broad; answer c is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 156. d Paragraph 367. b Paragraph 178. a9. c Answers a, b, and d are unsupported10. bThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Lupe Quintanilla overcame significant cultural and linguistic obstacles to obtain an education, develop a rewarding career, and help her children achieve success.1. Lupe spends her early childhood in Mexico (3-4).2. Lupe moves to Texas with her grandparents and has difficulty in school(5-9).3. Lupe learns at home and becomes a great reader (10-11).4. Lupe marries and has five children (12).5. As Lupe’s children attend school, she has a profound revelation abouttheir schooling and about her own educational experience (13-23).6. Lupe begins college without a high school degree and makes the dean’slist during the first semester, transfers to a full university and eventuallyearns her doctorate in education (24-32).7. The author and Lupe reflect on how she managed to achieve as much asshe did while also raising her children (33-35).8. Lupe credits her accomplishments within the Hispanic community and thelarger society to her belief that everyone is the “architect of [their] owndestiny,” to her love of reading, and the importance of education (36-38).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “THE CERTAINTY OF FEAR”—AUDRA KENDALLReading Comprehension Questions1. a2. a3. d Answer a is too broad; answer b is too narrow.4. c5. a Paragraph 156. b Paragraph 257. b Paragraph 248. a Paragraphs 4-69. d10. dThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: People fear different things at different stages of their lives.1. The author relates her own fears as a child (1-7).2. Young children’s fears (8-13).3. Adolescent s’ fears (14-16).4. Fears during middle age (17-21)5. Fears of the elderly (22-25)ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “WHAT’S WRONG WITH SC HOOLS? TEACHER PLAYS STUDENT, LEARNS TO LIE AND CHEAT”—CASEY BANAS Reading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. b4. d5. c Paragraph 116. False Paragraph 127. b Paragraph 78. c Paragraph 7, 8, 99. b Paragraph 1210. b Paragraph 6, 12Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: “. . . students are turned off because they have little power and responsibility fortheir own education” (2).1. Students don’t decide on or do homework; teachers assign it and then do itthemselves in class (3-4).2. Teachers take an active role in the classroom, and students, a passive one (5-7).3. Students see teachers primarily as grade-distributors and role-players, not aspeople who can teach them things (9-10).4. Teachers demand too little of students (12).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “PROPAGANDA TECH NIQUES IN TOD AY’S ADVERTISING”—ANN MCCLINTOCKReading Comprehension Questions1. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, whichappeal to the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages throughvarious propaganda techniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names orcomments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims withno explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most peoplerespect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).or making an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others aredoing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “CHIEF SEATTLE’S SPEECH OF 1854”—CHIEF SEATTLEReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. a3. b4. c5. a6. d7. c Paragraph 58. b Paragraph 89. c10. b Paragraphs 18 and 21Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: We accept that our people will have to move to a reservation, but we need tomaintain the right, without molestation, to visit our ancestors on ancestral lands.1.Indians used to be great in number, but have since diminished, thus diminishing theirpower (3-4).2.Fighting is not the answer and will serve only to hurt us as the white ma n’s numbersare far greater (5-8).3.Our religion and culture, though different from the white man’s beliefs, are importantand should be respected (9-21).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “SINGLE SEX SCHOOLS: AN OLD IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS COME”—DIANE URBINAReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c Answers a, b, and d are too narrow.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too broad.5. c Paragraph 96. b Paragraph 147. b Paragraphs 148. d9. a10. cThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Single-sex schools offer students advantages that they cannot get in coed settings.1. One advantage to single-sex schools is because girls and boys simply learndifferently (4)2. Another advantage of single-sex schools is that they take into account avery basic fact of life; boys and girls act differently in each others’presence (9).3. A final reason that single-sex schools are advantageous concerns thebehavior of teachers (12).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “HERE’S TO YOUR HEALTH”—JOAN DUNAYERReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, neverdirectly stated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcoholcan prevent success (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; thereality is that alcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; thereality is that alcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline(7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness;the reality is that alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “MAYOR OF RUST”—SUE HALPERN Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. b3. d4. b Answer c is too broad; Answers a and d are not supported.5. d Paragraph 56. d7. c8. a Paragraph 129. d10. aThesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: The mayor of Braddock, Pennsylvania, John Fetterman, has been working toimprove the dying town though it is still a work in progress.1.The town fell into decline when the steel mills shut down, resulting in a loss ofpopulation, loss of structures, and increased violence, but since Fetterman has beenmayor, things have begun to turn around (1-6).2.John Fetterman was introduced to Braddock when he was hired to start a program forat-risk youth, and he decided to stay and run for mayor (7-11).3.His work as mayor has not always been welcome or by-the-book, but Fetterman seeshis job as improving the town, not working for popularity (12-25).4.Although people have moved into Braddock, hoping to benefit both themselves andthe town, not everyone has had success with urban renewal (26-39).5.The Braddock story is not finished; further positive developments may (or may not)yet evolve (40).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “HOW TO MAKE IT IN COLLEGE, NOW THAT YOU’RE HERE”—BRIAN O’KEENEYReading Comprehension Questions1. d2. c3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 2 and 136. d Paragraph 237. d Paragraphs 15 through 188. a Paragraph 29. b Paragraph 910. d Paragraphs 2, 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: You can succeed in college if you follow certain guidelines.1. You can get good grades by developing good study habits (3-12).2. You can handle your various responsibilities by scheduling your timeefficiently (13-18).3. You should learn how to cope when personal problems conflict withschool work (19-23).4. You can develop a positive attitude (24-27).ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “COLLEG E LECTURES: IS ANYBODY LISTENING?”—DAVID DANIELS Reading Comprehension Questions1. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a singlepoint of the selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitabilityand teachers and students find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14). ANSWERS AND SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR “IS SEX ALL THAT MATTERS?”—JOYCE GARITYReading Comprehension Questions1. c2. c3. c4. d5. c Paragraphs 4 and 66. a Paragraph 57. b Paragraph 28. b9. c Paragraphs 10 and 1110. b Paragraph 10Thesis-and-Support OutlineNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Thesis: Nothing, not even sex education, is counteracting the numerous sexual images in our society that encourage irresponsible sex.1. A seventeen-year-old girl, Elaine, who is living temporarily with the author, reveals that she has gotten pregnant because birth control is not “romantic”(1-2).2. The author reflects on the effects in a ‘sex-saturated universe’ of magazine and television ads on young people (3-8).3. The author provides statistics to support her argument that “heroes” in our society are those who advocate sexual excess (9).4. Sex education isn’t taught in a manner that really reaches young people and little else is done in society to counter the emphasis on sexuality (10-11).5. The author returns to thinking about Elaine, who is now pregnant again.(12).。

[Original Source] (A totalitarian) society…can never permit either the truthful recording of facts, or the emotional sincerity, that literary creation demands….Totalitarianism demands… the continuous alteration of the past, and in the long run…a disbelief in the very existence of objective truth. (written by George Orwell)[Version C] Orwell believed that totalitarian societies must suppress literature and free expression because they cannot survive the truth, and thus they claim it does not exist.(1) Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenly accessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.Deep water exploring oil had once been impossible before, but now it becomes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much.(2) A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match.肝细胞与血液细胞分工不同，而且与之匹配的蛋白质也不同。

PART TWO: PATTERNS OF ESSAY DEVELOPMENTChapter 7: Introduction to Essay DevelopmentQuestions on Scratch Outline (174)Point: Moviegoing is a problemSupport: 1) Inconvenience of going out; 2) Tempting snacks; 3) Other movie-goersChapter 8: DescriptionQuestions on the Student Essays (181-183)1. b2. “I have been suffering celiac symptoms…” This is a description of the disease;personal information is not needed and doesn’t relate to the topic.3. “My great-grandmother can’t find…” The fact that her great-grandmother can’tfind the bracelet doesn’t relate to the picture.4. “…blouse is made of heavy eggshell-colored satin and reflects the light in itsfolds and hollows. It has a turned-down collar and smocking on the shoulders andbelow the collar.”sight sight5. b. The small intestine is lined with tiny, finger-like projections called villi,sightand the villi are covered with microvilli, which look like tendrils.touch sight sightc. The blouse is made of heavy eggshell-colored satin and reflects the light insightits folds and hollows.touch sight sightd. Her brows are plucked into thin lines, which are like two pencil strokessightadded to highlight those fine, luminous eyes.6. Answers will vary7. b8. “I’ve also carefully studied . . .”9. ….intestine….symptoms/obvious symptoms10. Starts with a broad statement and narrows to the thesisQuestions on the Professional Essay (192-193)1. Lou’s coffee shop is like “a fond but dysfunctional family.” (Wording may vary.)2. d3. Lou is concerned that she is smoking rather than eating.4. Ben cooks his breakfast “side by side” with Lou.5. Paragraph 8; sight, hearing, smell6. “I get up at the crack of dawn…”7. After a moment . . .8. c9. Answers will vary10. Answers will varyChapter 9: NarrationQuestions on the Student Essays (202-204)1. My church’s “Sensitivity Sunday” introduced me to a few of the ordeals disabledpeople confront every day.2. Thanks to a new building program . . .3. Pine Street had a lot of antique stores . . .4. “A Night of Violence” “I hope my parents and I…”5. a. My pa lms reddened and my wrist and forearm…b. The club thudded loudly …6. Victor, the biggest of us . . .7. …my view was blocked…; …the church’s aisles were narrow...; …strained myneck8. a. Coping with the wheelchairb. Dealing with additional problems in the wheelchair9. After, Suddenly, When, As, Transitions of time10. Broad, general statement narrowing to a thesisQuestions on the Professional Essay (211-213)1. Answers will vary. On a very simple level, the thesis could be stated: Vingoreturned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. The young people were curious about Vingo3. The girl’s friendliness finally caused Vingo…4. b5. Answers may vary. Two examples:Vingo tells h is story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”Vingo asks his wife to leave a signal (the handkerchief) rather than confront herdirectly.6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity aboutbeing in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place Names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, the 34th Street Terminal in NewYork, WashingtonOther Transitions: In the morning, After a while, And soon, Now8. But if she didn’t . . .9. He interviewed one of the young people on the bus10. He ends with the story’s last event as experienced by the young people. Vingo’swelcome was joyous; the many yellow handkerchiefs leave no doubt about that.Hamill does not tell us about the welcome because, presumably, the young peopledid not see Vingo walk into his house.Chapter 10: ExemplificationQuestions on the Student Essays (222-224)1. Some kids can be . . .2. Paragraph 2 in “Look on the Bright Side”3. To pass time as I walk . . . The sentence has nothing to do with positive andnegative types of behavior that the writer is explaining.4. Then they did even more cruel things . . . Either add needed details or remove thesentence.5. Out of nowhere, however, came an elderly gentleman who stopped, knelt downnext to the child, and started making funny faces, despite the fact his companionwas waiting for him near the exit.6. Explore the rise of Nazi Germany; play a trivia game; hear the life story of alonely stranger7. At lunchtime last Friday, Then, As people stared, Finally8. But no part of everyday life . . .9. “Altered States”: a. Television, b. Shopping centers, c. Internet10. a. Both summary and recommendation are usedb. Starts with an idea that is opposite of one that will developQuestions on the Professional Essay (231-232)1. The relationship between…7. Malcolm found “a school fact thatcontradicted something he said.”2. c 8. a. When, The next year3. Some of my ideas began to b. toodiffer from those of my father. c. although4. putting the bicycle chain back; 9. abuilding the hamster cage; 10. cusing jigsaw to make woodenletters5. But, I said, he kept . . .6. The father gave the sonperspective on wh at’simportant in the long termChapter 11: ProcessQuestions on the Student Essays (241-242)1. Second supporting paragraph; one example of a topic sentence: A second step toincreasing enrollment is through concerted publicity.2. Partnering with local colleges’ education programs…3. One of the problems . . .4. In addition, hosting one or two major events . . .5. Paragraph 4 describes an incident with a plumber who left a bathtub dirty.6. Paragraph 3 describes an incident with a “lemon” bicycle and an incidentabout an overcharge by a department store.7. Type: Time signals Followed; also; Finally8. first . . . next9. Explains the importance of the topic10. Ends with a predictionQuestions on the Professional Essay (250-251)1. The job-interview “game” may not be 5. “…such a note could tip themuch fun, but . . . scales …”or Here are guidelines to help you 6. First of all, Then, Finallyplay . . . 7. a2. d 8. On the other hand; What“will” earn you points; But3. When discussing strengths and 9. bweaknesses, phrase your answers in a 10. Predictionway that relates to what is required bythis job.4. For men, a suit and tie; for women,a suit or conservative dressChapter 12: Cause and/or EffectQuestions on the Student Essays (259-260)1. b2. The single time . . .3. In fact, my “antique” has opened my eyes to the advantages of owning an old car:economy, reliability, and familiarity. (Wording of answer may vary slightly.)4. “…they make gargantuan efforts to re-create themselves in the Hollywood image.They follow ludicrous diets, exercise for hours each week, and drinkexpensive…”5. A logical question is why so many people spend money…6. Saves money that would have been spent on a new car; required only three majorrepairs in last several years; saves money on insurance; saves money on gas7. However, the fear that causes the greatest damage…8. Therefore; For example, they9. One; Last of all10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay (270-271)1. d2. The problem of anger is becoming worse in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of…”4. Effect: An epidemic of angerThree causes: Lack of time, technology, tension5. Ultimate cause: Technology can be frustratingProximate cause: Frustration with technology makes us feel like stupid losers.Effect: Feeling like stupid losers makes us angry.6. b7. Introduction: Paragraphs 1-5Supporting Point 1: Paragraphs 6–9Supporting Point 2: Paragraphs 10–12Supporting Point 3: Paragraphs 13Supporting Point 4: Paragraphs 14–15Supporting Point 5: Paragraphs 16–20Conclusion: Paragraph 218. To begin with, . . . . Technology is also . . . Tension, the third major culprit . . . .9. d10. The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The lastparagraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.Chapter 13: Comparison and/or ContrastQuestions on the Student Essays (283-284)1. Paragraph 3: Eating at the Chalet is . . .2. Once, I forgot . . .3. My favorite story was “Indian Education” because it actually…4. (Wording of answers may vary)a. Chalet is dimly lit; McDonald’s is bright.b. Waiters at the Chale t are formal; employees at McDonald’s are friendly.c. Food is unfamiliar at the Chalet; food is familiar at McDonald’s.5. Even the other diners . . .6. However, in Smoke Signals, based on one of the book’s short stories, “This IsWhat It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona,”…7. on the other hand8. most important9. a10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay (292-294)1. c2. a3. d4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships.5. Brain anatomy, ways of interacting with the world, ways of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point-by-point. The first point is about brain anatomy,the second is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problemsolving. For each point, she discusses women and then men.7. Introduction: Paragraphs 1–5Supporting Point 1: Paragraphs 6–7Supporting Point 2: Paragraphs 8–9Supporting Point 3: Paragraphs 10–11Conclusion: Paragraph 128. On the other hand (7), In contrast (9), But (11)9. c10. aChapter 14: DefinitionQuestions on the Student Essays (303-304)1. Paragraph 2: Football fans just plain . . .2. Baseball fans go . . .3. The special effects . . .4. The ones with iPods plugged into their . . .5. “Student Zombies”6. Should their beloved team . . .7. c8. 49. Instead, they vanish . . .10. dQuestions on the Professional Essay (311-312)1. Answers will vary. Example: Addiction to TV resembles addiction to alcohol ordrugs in several ways.2. d3. b4. b5. The heroin addict’s damaged life; the alcoholic’s narrowed and dehumanized life6. a7. 68. Finally9. c10. bChapter 15: Division-ClassificationQuestions on the Student Essays (324-325)1. Paragraph 42. Mall managers have obviously . . .3. The frogs are an example . . .4. Then, they wander . . .5. Paragraph 46. hearinga. Hearing the music of the antique carousel housed there, Jenny begs to ridesighther favorite pony with its shining golden mane.hearing sightb. Shouting “I’m starving!” Fred, Jr., drags the family toward the food court,smellwhere he detects the seductive odor of pizza.sight touchc. Mom walks through a fabric store, running her hand over the soft velvetstouchand slippery silks.7. first, Then, Finally8. A second kind of ad . . .9. d10. aQuestions on the Professional Essay (332-333)1. Answers will vary. One example: Various kinds of waiting interrupt everyone’slife.2. Answers will vary. One possibility: This is intentional; it is done for a humorouseffect.3. Watched-Pot Wait; Forced Wait4. “You have a choice” in the Forced Wait.5. He gives examples: protecting your car by not running it cold; preparing soupproperly.6. Introduction: Paragraphs 1–2Topic 1: Paragraphs 3–5Topic 2: Paragraphs 6–8Topic 3: Paragraph 9Topic 4: Paragraphs 10–11Conclusion: Paragraphs 12–137. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is . . .8. b9. d10. He uses an image in which all the waits are involved. (Wording may vary.) Chapter 16: ArgumentQuestions on the Student Essays (346-347)1. Paragraph 4. Topic sentences will vary; one example: Local news is often lackingin depth.2. Is raising taxes . . .3. Stress is probably greater . . .4. “Teenagers and Jobs”: Also, teens who have money . . .“Once Over Lightly”: They too dilute the news . . .5. Paragraph 3 . . . However6. Weatherpersons, reporters, anchorpersons7. Paragraph 3: AnotherParagraph 4: Finally8. Change-of-direction: ButIllustration: For example9. b, c10. bQuestions on the Professional Essay (353-355)1. c2. d3. a4. c5. a6. Knives promote physical fitness, don’t ricochet, don’t kill people cleaning them.No, she is not really pro-knife; her point is that guns are even more dangerousthan knives. (Answers may vary.)7. In the first place, Plus, And8. We do, however, license . . .9. c10. a。

智慧树知到《学术英语写作》章节测试答案第一章1、我不需要做研究，所以我不需要学习学术英语写作。

A:对B:错答案: 错2、做旅游攻略的过程，就是一个简单的research过程。

A:对B:错答案: 对3、et al就是and others的意思。

A:对B:错答案: 对4、下面哪些选项是学术英语写作的原因？A:To report on a piece of research the writer has conducted;B:To answer a question the writer has been given or chosen;C:To discuss a subject of common interest and give the writer’s view;D:To synthesize research done by others on a topic.答案: To report on a piece of research the writer has conducted;,To answer a question the writer has been given or chosen;,To discuss a subject of common interest and give the writer’s view;,To synthesize research done by others on a topic.5、学术英语写作中的一般文本特征包括：A:sentenceB:headingC:sub-titleD:paragraphE:titleF:phrase答案: sentence,heading ,sub-title,paragraph,title,phrase第二章1、在细化主题时，需要考虑你的写作目的是什么以及预期读者是谁。

A:对B:错答案: 对2、My Most Embarrassing Moment是一个可以写的论文题目。

英语学术写作试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 在英语学术写作中，引用他人的观点时，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 直接复制粘贴B. 用自己的话重述C. 只注明出处D. 以上都是答案：B2. 下列哪个选项不是英语学术写作中常见的段落结构？A. 主题句+支持句+例证句+结论句B. 问题句+分析句+解决方案句C. 观点句+反驳句+总结句D. 故事句+分析句+结论句答案：D3. 在英语学术写作中，以下哪个词汇是不合适的？A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. In my opinionD. Consequently答案：C4. 英语学术论文的参考文献应如何列出？A. 按照作者姓氏的字母顺序B. 按照引用的先后顺序C. 随意排列D. 按照出版年份答案：A5. 英语学术写作中，以下哪个选项是正确的论证方式？A. 只提供个人经验B. 只提供统计数据C. 结合个人经验和统计数据D. 只提供他人观点答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 在英语学术写作中，使用第一人称时，应避免使用________。

答案：I, me, we, us7. 英语学术论文的标题应该________，以吸引读者的注意。

答案：简洁明了8. 英语学术写作中，段落的开头通常使用________来引导。

答案：主题句9. 在英语学术写作中，避免使用________来表达观点。

答案：绝对化词汇，如always, never10. 英语学术写作的结论部分应该________。

答案：总结主要观点并提出未来研究方向或实践意义三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述英语学术写作中如何避免抄袭。

答案：避免抄袭的方法包括：使用引号标注直接引用的原文；对引用的内容进行适当的改写并注明出处；确保自己的论点和分析是原创的。

12. 描述英语学术写作中引用文献的步骤。

答案：引用文献的步骤包括：阅读并理解原始文献；在文中适当位置插入引用，并使用括号注明作者和出版年份；在文末提供完整的参考文献列表，包括作者、出版年份、文章标题、期刊名称、卷号、期号和页码。

Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —and completely justified —request”：the form signed by her doctor.·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers and human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:• Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:» Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union» TB in urban centers like New York City» Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from one country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '• The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:» She read articles on websites such as PubMed.» She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.» She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.» She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration ·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we can take many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensive facilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, and they are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness ·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:» Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient»Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, and will result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:»Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group» Tendency to produce comparable groups» Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:» Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole»A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue»Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups• Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:» Control group comparisons possible»Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.»Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：» Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.»Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups• Cohort studiesAdvantages:»Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome» Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure» Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:» Larger, longer, and more expensive» Prone to certain types of bias» Not practical for rare outcomes• Case-control studiesAdvantages:» The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with long periods between exposure and outcome» Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：» Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trials as it is observational in nature» Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcome• “N=1” trialsAdvantages» Easy to manage» InexpensiveLimitations：» Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population» Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、• Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:» The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)» The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：» Continuous stress» Pain» Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:» Energy and vitality» A certain zip in gait» A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:» Half-truth» Fearful fictions» Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:» Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions» Building our wellness toolbox slowly» Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:» Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change» Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit» Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotions1、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a new set of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatment choices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like a hospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor 4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than having the patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes a large part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:» Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy» Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental” with the terms “experimenta l”and “research” carelessly defined2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms . ·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seeding the benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them ·Application:» A process rather than signing a written form» Adequate information as the premise» A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: » At the individual level: fairness» At the social level: distinction between classes。

2022第一学期学术英语写作课后习题一、语音知识。

（每小题0.5分，共5分）找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的词。

1、thank A. these B. brother C. both D. without2、where A. whole B. what C. who D. whose3、look A. football B. food C. school D.tooth4、care A. here B. hear C. fair D. clear5、bread A. please B. sheep C. tea D. head6、cake A. make B. map C. sad D. cat7、music A. cut B. bus C. use D. put8、Christmas A. match B. chair C. child D. character9、now A. grow B. flower C. follow D. bowl10、helped A. played B. planned C. killed D. worked二、单项选择。

（每小题1分，共20分）1、Reading aloud is( )useful way for us to learn English well.A. aB. theC. anD. \2. My sister likes playing( )violin while my brother likes playing( )basketball.A. the ;theB. the;\C. \;theD. a; a3. My mum always gets up( )six( )Monday morning and cooks breakfast for me.A. at; onB. in ;atC. on ;atD. at ;in4. Would you like( )to drink, Joe?A. AnythingB. nothingC. somethingD. some things5. ( )Mary,( ) book is on the desk, but I can't find( ).A. Your ;yoursB. yours ;mineC. you ;meD. Your; mine6. If it( )rain tomorrow, we( )to have a picnic.A. isn't ,goB. doesn't , goC. isn't, will goD.doesn'twill go7. ( )You look beautiful in white tonight. Sally! ( )( ).A. My pleasureB. You're welcomeC. Thank youD.That's8. Though he is an American boy, he can speak Chinese( ).A. wellB. goodC. betterD. nice9.( ) the black board and listen to me carefully, boys and girls.A. lookupB. Look atC. Look downD. Look after10. It rained all day,( ) I had to stay inside.A. soB. butC. becauseD. too11. I have two friends in the new class. One is Jack, is Liu Mei.A. another oneB. the otherC. the othersD. other one12. He often( )English after( )his homework on weekends.A. study ;finishB. studied ;finishedC. studies ;finishingD. studying ;finishing13.( )( )do you go shopping every month?( )Sometimes.A. How oftenB. How manyC. How muchD. How long14.There are more than students in our school now.A. two thousandsB. two thousands ofC. two thousandD. thousand of15.They are having supper at( )now.A. the Brown'sB. the Browns'C. BrownsD. the Browns16.The stadium( )people who are watching a basketball game.A. are full ofB. fill withC. is fill withD. is full of17.He asked( ).A. when did the match beginB. when does the match beginC. when the match beganD. when the match will begin.18.The little boy( )is in( ) football.A. interest; playB. interests ; playsC. interesting; playingD. interested ;playing19.My mum( ) a book at nine o'clock last night.A. is seeingB. was readingC. is lookingD. was watching一、语音知识答案。