On Quasar Masses and Quasar Host Galaxies

Greek mythology is an intricate and fascinating system of stories that have been passed down through generations,and they continue to captivate audiences today.It is a collection of tales that explain the origins of the world,the gods,heroes,and the natural phenomena.Here is an essay on Greek mythology that delves into its rich tapestry of narratives.Introduction to Greek MythologyGreek mythology,a cornerstone of Western literature and art,originated in ancient Greece and has been a significant influence on Western culture.It is a set of stories that were used to explain the world and its mysteries,from the creation of the universe to the behavior of natural forces.The Olympian GodsAt the heart of Greek mythology are the twelve Olympian gods and goddesses,who resided on Mount Olympus.These deities,led by Zeus,the king of the gods,were worshipped and revered by the ancient Greeks.Each god had a specific domain,such as Athena for wisdom,Apollo for the sun and music,and Aphrodite for love and beauty. Creation MythsGreek creation myths describe the birth of the universe and the first gods.According to Hesiods Theogony,Chaos was the first to exist,and from Chaos emerged Gaia Earth, Tartarus the Underworld,and Eros Love.Gaia gave birth to Uranus Sky,and together they produced the first generation of gods,the Titans.Heroes and Their AdventuresGreek mythology is also replete with stories of heroes,such as Hercules,Theseus,and Perseus.These heroes often embarked on epic quests,facing trials and tribulations that tested their courage,intelligence,and moral fortitude.Hercules,for instance,was tasked with completing the Twelve Labors as penance for a terrible crime,while Theseus navigated the labyrinth to slay the Minotaur.The Trojan WarOne of the most famous stories in Greek mythology is the Trojan War,which was sparked by the abduction of Helen,the face that launched a thousand ships.The war is recounted in Homers epic poems,the Iliad and the Odyssey.The story of the war and itsaftermath is filled with tales of valor,betrayal,and divine intervention.Mortal and Divine RelationshipsGreek myths often explore the complex relationships between mortals and deities.Gods could be capricious,intervening in human affairs for their own amusement or to further their own ends.The story of Orpheus and Eurydice,for example,shows the tragic consequences of a mortals love for a god and their attempt to defy the natural order.Moral Lessons and Cultural SignificanceGreek myths are not just entertaining stories they also serve as cautionary tales and convey moral lessons.They reflect the values and beliefs of ancient Greek society,such as the importance of hospitality,the dangers of hubris excessive pride,and the inevitability of fate.ConclusionGreek mythology continues to be a rich source of inspiration for artists,writers,and filmmakers.Its stories have been adapted and reinterpreted in countless ways, demonstrating their timeless appeal and relevance.Whether its the drama of the gods on Olympus,the bravery of legendary heroes,or the moral dilemmas faced by mortals, Greek mythology offers a window into the human condition and the enduring power of storytelling.。

a r X i v :0708.2031v 2 [a s t r o -p h ] 3 S e p 2007Dark Galaxies and Lost BaryonsProceedings IAU Symposium No.244,2008J.I.Davies &M.J.Disney,eds.c2008International Astronomical Union DOI:00.0000/X000000000000000X“Dark Galaxies”and Local Very Metal-Poor Gas-Rich Glaxies:Possible InterrelationsSimon A.PustilnikSpecial Astrophysical Observatory,Russian Academy of Sciences,Nizhnij Arkhyz,Karachai-Circassia,369167,Russiaemail:sap@sao.ru Abstract.There are only a few “dark galaxy”candidates discovered to date in the local Uni-verse.One of the most prominent of them is the SW component of a merging system HI 1225+01.On the other hand,the number of known very metal-poor gas-rich dwarfs similar to I Zw 18and SBS 0335–052E,W has grown drastically during the last decade,from a dozen and a half to about five dozen.Many of them are very gas-rich,having from ∼90to 99%of all baryons in gas.For some of such objects that have the deep photometry data,no evidences for the light of old stars are found.At least a half of such galaxies with the prominent starbursts have various evidences of interactions,including advanced mergers.This suggests that a fraction of this group objects can be a kind of very stable protogalaxies (or “dark galaxies”),which have recently expe-rienced strong disturbances from nearby massive galaxy-size bodies.Such a collision caused the gas instabilities and its collapse with the subsequent onset of starburst.We briefly discuss the morphology and gas kinematics for the subsample of the most metal-poor dwarfs that illustrate this picture.We discuss also the relation of these rare galaxies to the processes by which “dark galaxies”can occasionally transform to optically visible galaxies.Keywords.Galaxies:formation,evolution,interactions,dwarf,starburst,abundances,peculiar418S.A.PustilnikTable 1.Main parameters of candidate dark galaxies HI1225+01SW 2.8-11.2130.4-1.0<3-417-34VIRGOHI210.41000.0020.314HIJASS J1021+6824 1.5400.036 1.830HI J0325–3655 2.2<20>0.10.216Dark galaxies as XMD galaxy progenitors419 3.eXtremely Metal-Deficient(XMD)galaxies:summary ofpropertiesDue to space limitations,we only give here a very brief summary of XMD galaxy properties closely related to the further discussion.The great majority of late-type XMDgalaxies known to date(conditionally,with metallicities Z of Z⊙/34to Z⊙/10,whereZ⊙corresponds to12+log(O/H)=8.66)are classified as blue compact galaxies(BCGs) which are low-mass starbursting galaxies.They represent the very edge of the generalBCG metallicity distribution(peaked at Z∼Z⊙/5)and comprise only∼2%of all knownBCGs.Their number known to date is about a half a hundred.For“quiescent”late-type dwarfs,there exists a well known rather tight luminosity-metallicity(L–Z)relation(e.g.,Skillman et al.(1989)),which is applicable over∼7mag-nitudes in B-band and1.5dex in O/H.A couple the dimmest dI galaxies,UGCA292 and Leo A(M B∼−11.5)show Z as low as Z⊙/25(12+log(O/H)∼7.3).The origin of this L–Z relation is usually explained in terms of a slower astration in low-mass galaxiesand partlially by the elevated metal loss in the smallest galaxies.A similar L–Z relation for BCGs does exist,albeit with much larger scattering and with a shift to the higher luminosities at afixed O/H.These scattering and shift are especially large in the XMD regime(see,e.g.,a bit out-of-date Figure in Pustilnik et al.(2003)).To emphasize the large difference between XMD dIs and BCGs,we compare their baryon masses.As fol-lows from Table2,the range of these XMD BCG baryon masses M bar,accepted as M(gas)=M(HI)+M(He),equals∼(2.6–12)×108M⊙.For the most metal-poor dIs Leo A and UGCA292,the M bar are∼0.1and0.5×108M⊙,that is on average more than an order of magnitude smaller.The global parameters of XMD BCGs show very large diversity.For their small metal-licity range(a factor of∼3),their L B and M(HI)vary in the range of150and200,respec-tively.M(HI)/L B varies between<0.2to8(in solar units).For several XMD BCGs the gas mass-fraction(M gas/(M gas+M stars))is found to be as high as0.95-0.99(see summary, e.g.,in Pustilnik&Martin(2007)).Morphologies of XMD BCGs vary from regular to typical mergers.All this implies probable inhomogeniety of XMD BCGs on their evolu-tionary path-ways.An additional evidence for this are the colours of their outer parts which vary from red to very blue(in few galaxies).This implies that the majority of XMD BCGs are rather old,while a fraction of“very blue”gas-dominant XMD BCGs can be rather“young”(namely,their“first stars”ages T∗<0.5-2Gyr<<13.5Gyr).4.Interactions/mergers in XMD BCGsThe importance of interactions for BCG starbursts in general was discussed by many authors(e.g.,Pustilnik et al.(2001a)and references therein).For XMD BCGs,interaction-induced starbursts are currently known to take place in at least a half of this group.Curi-ously enough it appears that all six of the most metal-poor BCGs,with12+log(O/H)=7.12–7.29,show various signs of interactions/mergers.We summarize their parameters in Table 2.Due to lack of space we do not show the images with optical/HI morphology and kine-matics.Part of them are published,while the rest will be presented soon elsewhere.Below we give some notes on these galaxies.The unique merging XMD galaxy pair SBS0335–052E,W with gas mass-fractions of0.96and0.99provides the best polygon to confront models of very gas-rich mergers with real objects.The existence of this and another merg-ing system HI1225+01,in which the NE component is also an XMD galaxy and the SW component is a“dark galaxy”candidate,suggests that there are“special”space regions in which such atypical objects are more abundant and,thus,can be found in a mutual420S.A.PustilnikTable 2.Main parameters of six the most metal-poor BCGsSBS0335–052W7.129.0−14.737530.2DDO687.147.0−15.551100.2I Zw187.17 2.5−15.244180.1UGC7727.24 2.4−14.42014SDSS J2134–00357.26 2.0−13.858200.7SBS0335–052E7.298.0−16.932530.2Dark galaxies as XMD galaxy progenitors421 mass newly formed stars will die and the light of this“ELSB”galaxy will fade belowµ= 27.5B-mag sq.arcsec−2.The object again will be transformed to a dark galaxy.This discussion of various galaxies,which could be in principle related to a popula-tion of dark galaxies in the local Universe,shows a serious need for numerical mod-els of dark galaxy interactions.While the simulations of very gas-rich galaxy collisions have been difficult until recently due to the problem of proper accounting for various feedback processes,there has been significant progress made over the last two years. Springel&Hernquist(2005)and Robertson et al.(2006)presented N-body simulations of interacting gas-rich galaxies(with99%of baryons in gas)which reproduce the for-mation of a disk galaxy in a major merger.Up to now the models have dealt with rather massive objects.There is a need to extend them to the region of expected“dark galaxy”parametric space.This will allow one to better understand what emerges from their interactions:more or less“typical”LSBGs or something unusual.The models of “dark galaxy”mergers will elucidate whether some of XMD BCGs may be related to this process.AcknowledgementsI would like to thank my collaborators A.Kniazev,A.Moiseev,J.-M.Martin,J.Chen-galur,Ekta,A.Pramskij,L.Vanzi and A.Tepliakova,with whom the recent results on XMD BCGs have been obtained.I acknowledge partial support by the IAU travel grant and by RFBR under grant No.06-02-16617.ReferencesChengalur J.N.,Giovanelli R.,&Haynes M.P.1991,AJ109,2415Davies J.I.,Disney M.J.,Minchin R.F.,Auld R.,Smith R.2006,MNRAS368,1479Izotov Y.I.,Thuan T.X.,&Guseva N.G.2005,ApJ632,210Izotov Y.I.,Papaderos P.,Guseva N.G.,Thuan T.X.,&Fricke K.J.2006,A&A454,137 Izotov Y.I.,&Thuan T.X.2007,ApJ665,1115Klypin A.,Kravtsov A.V.,Valenzuela O.,&Prada F.1999,ApJ552,82Minchin et al.2005,arXiv astro-ph/0508153Mo H.,Mao S.&White S.1998,MNRAS295,319Moore B.,Ghigna S.,Governato F.,at al.1999,ApJ524,L19Putman M.E.,Bureau M.,Mould J.R.,Staveley-Smith L.,&Freeman K.C.1998,AJ115,2345 Pustilnik S.A.,Kniazev A.Y.,Lipovetsky V.L.,&Ugryumov A.V.2001a,A&A373,24 Pustilnik S.A.,Brinks E.,Thuan T.X.,Lipovetsky V.L.,&Izotov Y.I.2001b,AJ121,1413 Pustilnik S.A.,Kniazev A.Y.,Pramskij A.G.,Ugryumov A.V.2003,Ap&SS,284,795 Pustilnik S.A.,Kniazev A.Y.,Pramskij A.G.2005,A&A443,91Pustilnik S.A.,Engels D.,Kniazev A.Y.,et al.2006,Astron.Lett.32,228Pustilnik S.A.,&Martin J.-M.2007,A&A464,859Pustilnik S.A.,&Kniazev A.Y.2007,in:bes and J.Palous(eds.)Galaxy Evolution Across the Hubble Time,Proc.of IAU Symp.235,Cambridge:CUP,p.238Robertson B.,Bullock J.S.,Cox T.J.,Di Mateo T.,Hernquist L.,Springel V.,&Yoshida N.2006,ApJ645,986Salzer J.J.,di Serego Alighieri S.Matteucci F.,Giovanelli R.,Haynes M.1991,AJ101,1258 Schneider S.,Thuan T.X.,Magri C.,&Wadiak J.E.1991,ApJS72,245Skillman E.D.,Kennicutt R.,&Hodge P.1989,ApJ347,845Springel V.,&Hernquist L.2005,ApJ622,L9Taylor E.&Webster R.2005,ApJ634,1067Trentham N.,Moeller O.,&Ramizrez-Ruiz E.2001,MNRAS322,658van Zee L.,Westpfahl D.,Haynes M.,Salzer J.J.1998,AJ115,1000Verde L.,Peng Oh S.,&Jimenez R.2002,MNRAS336,541422S.A.Pustilnik Walter F.,Skillman E.D.,&Brinks E.2005,ApJ627,L105。

科幻作品创意说明作文英语Title: The Galactic Nexus: A Sci-Fi Concept Exploration。

In the vast expanse of the cosmos lies a phenomenon beyond comprehension—the Galactic Nexus. Imagine a network of interstellar portals, bridging distant corners of the universe in a complex web of connections. This concept delves into the intricacies of the Galactic Nexus,exploring its origins, implications, and the endless possibilities it presents.At the heart of this concept is the idea of a cosmic infrastructure, constructed by an ancient and advanced civilization eons ago. These enigmatic beings, known onlyas the Architects, possessed technology far beyond our understanding. Through the manipulation of spacetime itself, they constructed the Galactic Nexus as a means oftraversing the cosmos effortlessly.The Galactic Nexus comprises countless portalsscattered throughout the galaxy, each one acting as a gateway to distant realms. These portals are not mere doorways but intricate constructs that harness the fabric of reality to create stable wormholes. They exist in various forms, from colossal structures orbiting black holes to minuscule anomalies hidden within asteroid fields.The discovery of the Galactic Nexus heralds a new era of exploration and colonization. With these portals at humanity's disposal, the once insurmountable distances between star systems become trivial. Interstellar travel, once a daunting endeavor, now becomes as simple as stepping through a doorway.However, the Galactic Nexus is not without its dangers and mysteries. Some portals lead to uncharted regions of space, where cosmic anomalies and hostile entities lurk. Others may connect to parallel universes or alternate realities, each with its own set of laws and inhabitants. The exploration of these unknown realms is bothexhilarating and perilous, as explorers encounter phenomena beyond their wildest imaginations.Moreover, the Galactic Nexus raises profound questions about the nature of existence and the fabric of reality itself. What lies beyond the boundaries of our universe? Are there other intelligent civilizations harnessing the power of the Nexus for their own purposes? And perhaps most intriguingly, who were the Architects, and what fate befell them?The Galactic Nexus concept invites exploration not only of distant galaxies but of philosophical and existential realms as well. It challenges our understanding of the universe and invites us to ponder our place within it. Through the lens of science fiction, we can embark on a journey of discovery and contemplation, venturing into the unknown depths of space and consciousness.In conclusion, the Galactic Nexus stands as a testament to the boundless creativity of the human imagination. It is a concept that ignites the flames of curiosity and wonder, inspiring us to reach for the stars and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos. As we continue to explore thedepths of space, let us remember that the universe is vast and full of wonders, waiting to be discovered.。

托福阅读真题第190篇TheCosmologicalPrincipleParagraph 1：Cosmologists attempt to understand the origin and structure of the universe as a whole. They begin their search with an assumption about the nature of the universe —namely, that in looking out from our vantage point in the cosmos, we see essentially the same kind of universe that an observer stationed in any other part of it, no matter how remote, would see. As far as our telescopes can reach, we see galaxies and clusters of galaxies distributed in more or less the same way in every direction. This assumption that the universe is uniform ona large scale is called “the cosmological principle.”1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O Cosmologists make the assumption that the universe would appear basically the same from anywhere within it.O Cosmologists simplify their assumptions because they are basically trying to understand the whole universe.O Cosmologists make an assumption about the universe basically in an effort to avoid stationing observers in remote places.O Cosmologists incorrectly assumed the universe to be far simpler that it really is when viewed on a larger scale.Paragraph 2：One thing that is certain is that the universe is expanding. In every direction we look, distant galaxies are moving away from each other. Until the 1960s, the expansion of the universe was the primary fact of cosmological significance that cosmological theories had to accommodate. There were twogeneral classes of cosmological theories that fit with the expanding universe: the evolutionary (Big Bang) theory and the steady-state theory.2. According to paragraph 2, what is true of both the evolutionary and steady-state theories?O Both were based on the work of the same observer of the galaxies.O Both were used to overturn the theories of the early twentieth century.O Both took 30 years to become widely accepted by cosmologists.O Both accommodate the fact that the galaxies are moving apart.Paragraph 3：The essential idea of the evolutionary cosmology is that there was a beginning—a moment of creation at which the universe came into existence in a hot, violent explosion—the Big Bang. In the beginning, the universe was very hot, very dense, and very tiny. As the explosion evolved, the temperature dropped, the distribution of matter and energy thinned, and the universe expanded. From the current observed rate of expansion, we conclude that the creation event occurred between ten and twenty billion years ago.3. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT a feature of the Big Bang cosmology?O A sudden, hot explosion of the universeO A reduction in the density of matter over timeO A significant rise in temperature over timeO An expansion of the universeParagraph 4：The steady-state theory is based on an idea called the “perfect cosmological principle.” It is “perfect” inthat it maintains that the universe is uniform not only in space but in time. Thus it is the hypothesis that the large-scale universe has always been the way it is now and will be this way forever in the future. This view is consistent with philosophical approaches that reject the notion of an absolute beginning of the universe as unacceptable. The steady-state universe would have no beginning and no end.4. Why does the author state that “The steady-state universe would have no beginning and no end.”?O To present evidence against the steady-state view of the universeO To clarify why the steady-state view is attractive to certain philosophical approachesO To contrast cosmology with philosophyO To indicate that the steady-state view is the most accepted cosmologyParagraph 5：In an expanding universe, the galaxies move away from each other, spreading matter more thinly over space. On the other hand, the perfect cosmological principle requires that the density of matter in the universe remain constant over time. To make the steady-state theory compatible with the expanding universe, its proponents introduced the notion of continuous creation. As the universe expands and the galaxies move farther apart, new matter—in the form of hydrogen—is introduced into the universe. The rate at which the hypothesized new matter is created is far too small for this creation to be detected with available instruments, but continuous creation provides just enough matter to form new stars and galaxies that fill in the space left by the old ones. Thus in the steady-state universe there is evolution of stars and galaxies, but the generalcharacter and the overall density of the universe remains unchanged over time. In this special sense, the steady-state universe itself does not evolve.5. Which of the following is true of the concept of “continuous creation”?O It suggests that hydrogen for new stars is created as galaxies move farther apart.O It asserts that matter in the universe becomes denser as hydrogen is created.O It explains why the galaxies are moving away from each other.O It predicts a change in density of matter in the universe over time.6. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is characteristic of the steady-state theory?O The rate of expansion it predicts is too slow to be measured by current instruments.O New stars and galaxies are formed, but the large-scale properties of the universe remain the same.O The density of matter changes over time as the universe evolves.O The creation of new galaxies will eventually stop the universe from expanding.Paragraph 6：Both of these views—steady-state and Bing Bang—allow for cosmic expansion. However, the discovery in the 1960s of a comparatively small star-like objects called quasars tipped the scales in favor of the Big Bang cosmology. Astronomers determined that almost all quasars are very distant. Given how bright quasars appear even at such great distances, astronomers concluded that quasars typically have an output oflight that is 1,000 times greater than that of a whole spiral galaxy composed of billions of stars.7. Paragraph 6 answers which of the following questions about quasars?O What is the ratio of the number of quasars to the number of spiral galaxies?O Why was the discovery of quasars of importance for cosmologists?O Why were quasars not discovered before the 1960s?O How do quasars produce so much light?Paragraph 7：Quasars are such distant objects that the light now reaching us from quasars left them billions of years ago. This means that when we observe quasars today we are seeing that state of the universe billions of years ago. Thus the fact that almost all quasars are very far away implies that earlier in the history of the universe quasars were developing more frequently than they are now. This evolution is consistent with the Big Bang theory. But it violates the perfect cosmological principle, and so it is inconsistent with the steady-state view.8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraphs 6 and 7?O Paragraph 6 makes a claim about support for the Big Bang cosmology and paragraph 7 describes how the distribution of quasars provides that support.O Paragraph 6 describes the similarities between the steady-state and Big Bang theories, while paragraph 7 explains the differences between them.O Paragraph 6 presents a question about quasars while paragraph 7 provides several possible answers to that question.O Paragraph 6 describes the chemical composition ofquasars while paragraph 7 describes the locations of quasars.Paragraph 7：Quasars are such distant objects that the light now reaching us from quasars left them billions of years ago. This means that when we observe quasars today we are seeing that state of the universe billions of years ago. ■Thus the fact that almost all quasars are very far away implies that earlier in the history of the universe quasars were developing more frequently th an they are now. ■This evolution is consistent with the Big Bang theory. ■But it violates the perfect cosmological principle, and so it is inconsistent with the steady-state view.■9. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.In turn this means that over a period of billions of years the large-scale distribution of the kinds of galaxies the universe contains has fundamentally changed.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Evolutionary and steady-state theories have been proposed to explain the large-scale structure of the universe.Answer ChoicesO The Big Bang theory maintains that the continuous creation of matter is the explanation for why the universe is expanding at a constant rate.O While the steady-state cosmology rejects the belief that the universe has an end, it accepts the possibility that the universe had a beginning.O The distribution of quasars suggests that the large-scale structure of the universe has changed over time and thus makes the evolutionary theory more plausible than the steady-state theory.O The evolutionary theory maintains that the universe had a beginning with a high density explosion and has been expanding to yield a less dense distribution of matter ever since.O The steady-state theory maintains that the expanding universe has existed forever, with new matter being continuously created to keep the large-scale density of matter the same as we observe it today.O The extreme brightness of quasars is proof of an explosion that marked the beginning of the universe as hypothesized by the evolutionary cosmology.。

初三英语太空探索与宇宙科学阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Mars Exploration: Past, Present and FutureMars has always fascinated scientists and space enthusiasts alike. In the past, several missions have been launched to explore the Red Planet. The Viking missions in the 1970s were among the first to land on Mars and conduct scientific experiments.These early missions provided valuable insights into the Martian atmosphere, surface features, and potential for life. Since then, many more missions have been sent to Mars. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, for example, has been studying the planet from orbit, mapping its surface and looking for signs of water.Current research on Mars is focused on understanding its geology, climate, and potential habitability. Scientists are also looking for evidence of past or present life on Mars. Future plans include sending humans to Mars. This would be a major milestone in space exploration.However, there are many challenges to overcome before humans can set foot on Mars. These include the long journey time, radiation exposure, and the need for sustainable life support systems.1. The Viking missions were launched in ____.A. the 1960sB. the 1970sC. the 1980sD. the 1990s答案：B。

Chapter 66: Help from HeavenOne-Horned Buffalo went back into his cave and slammed the door shut."He stole my iron bar!" cried Wukong. "What am I going to do?"He thought for a moment. "That demon said he re_____bered me. He also _____tioned the Jade Emperor. May___ that demon escaped from Heaven."The monkey shot into the sky and soon ar____ed at the southern gate of Heaven. He told the guard everything that had happened. The guard sent a messenger to see if any spirits were missing from Heaven.The messenger returned quickly with a warrior. The warrior held a large sword."The emperor _____ me," said the _____rior. "Nobody is missing from Heaven. But I will ar_____ One-Horned Buffalo for you."Wukong returned to Earth with the warrior.The warrior banged on the cave door. "Open up, One-Horned Buffalo!"The demon came outside and eyed the warrior. "What do you want?"The warrior puffed out his ch____. "I'm here to arrest you."One-Horned Buffalo snorted. "Go away.""How dare you tell me to go away!" said the warrior. "The JadeEmperor sent me." He pointed his sword at the demon. "If you don't come with me, I'll have to—"One-Horned Buffalo held up the metal ring, and . . . whoosh! The warrior's sword flew into it.The warrior's face fell ____ he looked at his empty hand. The demon laughed and went back into his cave."That metal ring is powerful," said the warrior to Wukong. "We need mo__ help."They returned to Heaven and bowed bef____ the Jade Emperor."I'm sorry, Your Majesty," said the warrior. "But the demon stole my sword. I need more help."The Jade Emperor turned to his ___neral. "Send a fire god to Earth with the___ two."A fire god joined Wukong and the warrior. The god held a large, ___aming spear."I'll arrest the demon for you," said the god.The three of them went down to Earth and landed on the mountain.The fire god stood in fr____ of the cave door. He held up his fire spear and shouted, "Come out, One-Horned Buffalo! You are _____ arrest!"The cave door opened, and the demon stepped outside. "Who are you?""I'm a fire god, sent by the Jade Emperor," said the god.One-Horned Buffalo laughed. "I'm not afraid of you!"The fire god threw the ___aming spear ___ the demon. But _____ again the demon held up the metal ring. The spear was gone. The demon returned to his cave.Wukong shook his head. "This is bad."The three of them returned to Heaven and bowed bef____ the Jade Emperor."Your Majesty," said the fire god. "One-Horned Buffalo is very powerful. I wasn't ____ to arrest him. We need more help."The Jade Emperor sighed and turned to his ___neral. "Send a thunder god with them this ti____."Back down on Earth, Wukong watched as the thun___ god approached the cave door."Be careful," warned the warrior."Yes," said the fire god. "The demon's metal ring is very dangerous."The thunder god laughed. "Don't worry ab____ me!"He turned to the cave door and boomed, "One-Horned Buffalo! You are ___der arrest!"The cave door opened, and One-Horned Buffalo stepped outside. The thunder god in_____tly h___led his thunder___ at the demon. One-Horned Buffalo held up the metal ring and— whoosh! Thethunderbolt was gone.The demon looked around at everyone and laughed. "Thank you ____ all the weapons!" He went back into his cave and slammed the door sh___ again.。

An island,once a tranquil haven,was suddenly shaken by the tremors of a volcanic eruption.The serene landscape,with its lush greenery and pristine beaches,was transformed into a scene of chaos and destruction as the earth roared to life.The following narrative captures the essence of such an event.On a typical day,the islands inhabitants were going about their daily routines,unaware of the impending disaster.Children played by the shore,fishermen prepared their boats for the days catch,and tourists marveled at the beauty of the surroundings.The tranquility was abruptly shattered by a deep,rumbling sound that echoed across the island.The ground beneath their feet trembled,and a plume of smoke rose ominously from the heart of the island.As the volcano began to erupt,the sky turned dark with ash,casting a shadow over the island.The once clear blue waters were now obscured by the falling debris,and the air was filled with the acrid smell of sulfur.The eruption was a spectacle of natures power, with molten lava spewing from the earths core and cascading down the slopes of the volcano.The islands inhabitants,realizing the gravity of the situation,scrambled to evacuate. Emergency sirens wailed,and the local authorities coordinated a mass exodus to safer areas.Families clutched their belongings,leaving behind their homes and livelihoods in a desperate bid to escape the wrath of the volcano.The lava flows,relentless and unstoppable,consumed everything in their path.Trees, homes,and crops were engulfed in a fiery inferno,turning the once lush landscape into a barren wasteland.The heat was unbearable,and the ground cracked under the intense pressure.As the eruption continued,the island was enveloped in a blanket of ash and smoke. Visibility was reduced to mere meters,and the air was thick with the fine particles of volcanic debris.The ash rained down on the island,coating everything in a layer of gray. The once vibrant colors of the island were now muted,and the beauty that had once drawn people to the island was marred by the scars of the eruption.The aftermath of the eruption was devastating.The island,once a paradise,was now a desolate and lifeless place.The volcano had left its mark,a stark reminder of the power and unpredictability of nature.The recovery process was slow and arduous,with the islands inhabitants working tirelessly to rebuild their lives and restore their home.The eruption served as a stark reminder of the delicate balance between man and nature.While the island may have been transformed by the eruption,the resilience and determination of its people shone through.As they worked to rebuild their lives,they did so with the knowledge that the island,like the volcano,would one day awaken again,and they would be prepared for the next time natures fury was unleashed.。

Journey to the West is a classic Chinese novel that has been cherished for centuries. The story revolves around the pilgrimage of a Buddhist monk,Tang Sanzang,and his three disciples,Sun Wukong,Zhu Bajie,and Sha Wujing,to the West to obtain sacred Buddhist scriptures.The novel begins with the birth of Sun Wukong,the Monkey King,who is born from a stone and acquires supernatural powers through Taoist practices.He becomes a mischievous figure,rebelling against the celestial authorities and causing chaos in the heavenly realm.Eventually,he is subdued by the Buddha and imprisoned under a mountain for500years.Meanwhile,Tang Sanzang is chosen by the Bodhisattva Guanyin to embark on a journey to the West to retrieve the Buddhist scriptures.To assist him on this perilous journey,he is accompanied by his three disciples,each with their unique abilities and personalities.Sun Wukong,the Monkey King,is a skilled fighter with incredible strength and agility. He wields a magical staff that can change its size and is capable of fighting off demons and monsters that threaten their journey.Zhu Bajie,also known as Pigsy,is a halfhuman,halfpig creature who was once a celestial general but was banished to the mortal realm for his misconduct.Despite his gluttonous and lustful nature,he is a loyal companion and possesses great strength.Sha Wujing,or Sandy,is a former river ogre who was also punished for his misdeeds.He is a quiet and disciplined character,known for his steadfast loyalty and strength.Together,the group faces numerous challenges and adventures as they travel through various realms and encounter a host of supernatural beings.They must overcome their personal flaws and work together to defeat the demons and monsters that stand in their way.Throughout their journey,they are tested by various trials and tribulations,which serve to strengthen their resolve and deepen their understanding of Buddhism.The novel is filled with allegorical tales and moral lessons,emphasizing the importance of perseverance, humility,and compassion.Journey to the West is not only an entertaining adventure story but also a profound exploration of spirituality and selfcultivation.It has inspired countless adaptations in literature,film,and television,and continues to captivate readers with its rich narrative and timeless themes.In conclusion,the translation of this classic work into English allows a broader audience to appreciate the depth and wisdom of this Chinese literary masterpiece.It offers a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of China and provides valuable insights into the human condition,making it a timeless treasure for readers of all ages and backgrounds.。

天空造物巧安排译成英文Celestial Tapestry: The Exquisite Masterstrokes of Nature.Beneath the celestial canvas, where celestial bodies dance in a cosmic symphony, there exists a tapestry of wonders that defies human comprehension. From ethereal cloudscapes to vibrant celestial bodies, the heavens ceaselessly captivate, inspiring awe and contemplation.Celestial Choreography.The celestial ballet unfolds with the stately procession of planets, gracefully orbiting the radiant Sun. Each celestial sphere, like a celestial pearl, follows an intricate path, guided by the invisible hand of gravity. The Moon, a celestial companion to Earth, rhythmically waxes and wanes, casting its ethereal glow upon the nocturnal scene.Asteroids, celestial wanderers, traverse the cosmos, remnants of cosmic collisions. Their trajectories, like celestial breadcrumbs, hint at the chaotic origins of our solar system. Comets, celestial time travelers, blaze across the celestial abyss, their ethereal tails trailing behind like celestial banners. Meteors, shooting stars that ignite the night, are cosmic fragments that penetrateEarth's atmosphere, creating fleeting celestial fireworks.Celestial Spectacles.The heavens are not merely a stage for celestial bodies but also a venue for astronomical phenomena that dazzle and inspire. Solar eclipses, celestial curtain calls, occur when the Moon interposes itself between the Sun and Earth, casting a momentary shadow upon our planet. The Sun, a celestial spotlight, reveals its magnificent corona, a radiant halo that ordinarily remains concealed.Lunar eclipses, celestial full moons, unfold when Earth intercedes between the Sun and Moon, blocking the Sun's rays. The Moon, bathed in the Earth's shadow, acquires acoppery hue, a celestial spectacle that has captivated civilizations for millennia.Stellar Symphony.Beyond our solar system, the Milky Way, a celestial river of stars, stretches across the night sky, its countless celestial orbs forming a celestial tapestry. Stars, celestial beacons, twinkle with unwavering brilliance, their light traversing interstellar distances to reach our eyes.Binary stars, celestial partnerships, revolve around a common center of gravity, their gravitational dance a cosmic ballet. Nebulae, celestial nurseries, shimmer with ethereal beauty, their glowing gas clouds giving birth to nascent stars. Black holes, celestial enigmas, lurk in the cosmos, their gravitational pull so intense that even light cannot escape.Cosmic Tapestry.The cosmos, in all its celestial grandeur, is a profound reminder of our place within the vastness of the universe. The heavens, an eternal canvas, showcase the exquisite artistry of nature, inviting us to marvel at the cosmic ballet that unfolds above our heads.From celestial bodies to celestial phenomena, from the familiar stars to the distant galaxies, the heavens are a source of wonder, inspiration, and contemplation. As we gaze up at the celestial tapestry, we are humbled by its beauty and awed by its timeless mystery.。