初中英语句式句型
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初中英语语法句型第一组:句式1.我是学生.(简单句)I’m a student.2.他在做的与我无关.(复合句)What he does is none of my business.3.我来了,但他已经走了. (并列句)I came, but he has left.4.我不知道他已经走了,但是她知道. (并列复合句)I don’t know he has left, but she does.5.你能回答我的问题吗?(疑问句)Can you answer my question?6.我在写信. (陈述句)I’m writing a letter.7.请开门.(祈使句)Please open the door.8.他是一个多聪明的男孩啊!(感叹句)What a clever boy he is!9.我非常喜欢这本书.I like the book very much.10.他昨天去哪儿了?Where did he go yesterday?第二组:词类11.你应该用正确的方法做这件事.You should do it in the right way.12.最终, 他受到了惩罚.At last, he was punished.13.他在湖里游泳.He is swimming in the lake.14.至今,我已经读了100部小说.So far, I have read 100 novels.15.我不喜欢这乐曲.I don’t like the music.16.你喜欢音乐吗?Do you like music?17.如果我是你, 我会跟他在一起.If I were you, I would stay with him.18.面对困难,一定要保持冷静.When facing difficulty, you should keep calm.19.最终,他梦想成真.At last, his dream came true.20.你所说的听起来很有道理.What you says sounds reasonable.第三组:词类21.我无法容忍你那样对母亲说话.I can’t have you speaking to mum that way.22.我看见他上学去了.I saw him going to school.23.他的演讲大大鼓舞了我们.His speech encouraged us greatly.24.使我们惊奇的是你不愿来.What surprised us was that you were unwilling to come.25.军人的天职是执行命令.It is a soldier’s duty to carry out orders.26.摇头意味着不同意. (v-ing作主语)Shaking heads means disagreement.27.将有一个更大的地震袭击这个国家.Another big earthquake will hit this country.28.我同意你所说的.(名词从句作宾语)I agreed with what you said.29. 我后悔告诉了你那件事.(双宾)I regret telling you that.30. 事实是他不相信我们. (名词从句作表语)The fact is that he doesn’t believe us.第四组:句子成分31. 楼上的那家人很外向.(adv 作定语)The family upstairs are outgoing.32. 我认识一个加TOM 的男孩 (过去分词作定语)I know a boy named Tom.33. 在有问题的地方做记号.(从句作状语)Make marks where you have questions.34. 我发现他仰卧在地上(v-ing 作宾补)I found him lying on his back on the ground.35. 他敞着窗睡觉, 醒着. ( adj.作状语)He slept with the window open, awake.36. 我发现他不在家. (adv.作宾补)I found him out.37. 这就是我过去工作过的那家工厂.This is the factory where I used to work.38. 他是一个学生, 一个受学生们欢迎的学生.(同位语—代词)He is a student, one who is popular with the students.39. 我的工作是教英语.(V-ing作表语)My job is teaching English.40. 我去看他却发现他不在家.(不定式作结果状语)I went to see him only to find him out.第五组:句子结构41. 他进来了. (主---谓)He came in.42. 我喜欢英语. (主---谓---宾)I like English.43. 他解决了这道难题.He worked out the difficult problem.44. 我给了他一本书.I gave him a book.45. 我把这些钱借给了他.I lent the money to him.46. 我们选他当班长.We made him our monitor.47. 什么让你那样想?What makes you think that way?48. 我们抓住他偷窃.We caught him stealing.49. 你穿这件外套很好看.You look nice in this coat.50. 这菜味道不错.The dish tastes great.第六组:冠词51. 这只马是动物.The horse is an animal.52. 一只马是动物.A horse is an animal.53. 马都是动物.Horses are animals.54. 我喜欢音乐.I like music.55. 我喜欢这曲音乐.I like the music.56. 请开门.Please open the door.57. 在这里演讲是一种荣幸.It’s an honor to give a speech here.58. 他历史知识丰富.He had a good knowledge of history.59. 在夏天跳进河里游泳是多么有趣啊!What fun it is to jump into the river and swim in summer.60. 汽车正以60公里的速度行使.The car is going at a speed of 60 kilometers an hour. 第七组:名词61. 他做了个竹窗帘. (名词作定语)He made a bamboo curtain.62. 我从学校走回家要10 分钟. (名词所有格)It’s ten minutes’ walk for me to come home from school.63. 这一次他真的犯了错. (固定)He really made a mistake this time.64. 他给我们提供了一些信息.He offered us some information.65. 同学们正在纠正试卷.The students are correcting the papers.66. 是中国最先造纸的.It is China that first made paper.67. 我将去拜访Smith 的家人.I will call on the Smiths.68. 我将去Smith家看看.I will call at the Smith’s.69. 这地图对你很有价值.The map is of great value to you.70. 他英语知识丰富.He has a good knowledge of English.第八组:代词71. 让我们讲清楚, 迟到的人是要受罚的.Let’s make it clear that the one who is late should be punished.72. 是在我工作的那家工厂我遇上他的. (强调)It was in the factory where I worked that I met him. 73. 请大声说, 以便别人能听清楚你.Please speak aloud so that you can make yourself heard.74. 中国人口比日本多.The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.75. 一个石头房子比木头房子坚固.A house of stone is much stronger than one of wood.76. 我们每一个人都应该听老师的话.Every one of us should listen to the teacher.77. 在路大两旁有许多树.There are many trees on both sides of the road. 78. 许多工厂在污水排出之前几乎没有采取措施.Little has been done before polluted water goes into the river from many factories.79. 我有两个妹妹, 一个是老师,而另一个是护士.I have two sisters. One is a teacher while the other is a nurse.80. 她听到一声巨响,这使她震惊不以.She heard a loud noise, which made her frightened. 第九组:形容词,副词81. 我在街上偶然遇到了一个三岁的小孩. (复合adj.)I came across a three-year-old child on the street.82. 这老人独居却不孤独.The old man lives alone but he is not lonely.83. 他进来了, 看起来精神抖擞. (系表)He came in, looking energetic.84. 费了很大力, 他推开了门.He pushed the door open with great strength.85. 他下到深深的井里救我,这使我深为感动.He went deep into the well to save me, which moved me deeply.86. 你这样做太蠢了.It’s so foolish of you to do so.87. 对于我们学英语是必要的.It’s necessary for us to learn English.88. 这个包背起来太重.The bag is too heavy to carry.89. 这个剧院大得可以容纳1000人.The theatre is big enough to seat 1000.90. 他匆匆赶回家,内心充满恐惧.He hurried home, full of fear.第十组:比较级句式91. 这个题太难,我解不出(too … to ).The problem is too difficult for me to work out. 92. 他是这们一位好老师,以致我们都喜欢他(so that ). So good a teacher is he that all of us like him. 93. 在他俩中, Tom 较高.Of the two, Tom is the taller.94. 莎士比亚比任何一个英国其他作家更有名. Shakespeare is more famous than any other writer in the UK.95. 这间房是那间三倍大( as … as ).This house is three times as big as that one.96. 这间房比那间大三倍( than ).This house is three times bigger than that one. 97. 这间房比那间大三倍( the size of )This house is three times the size of that one . 98. 冬眠不只是睡觉( more than ).Hibernation is more than sleep.99. 你跑得不如他快.(not … more than)You are not faster than him.100. 你和他都跑得不快(no … more than)You are no faster than him.第十一组:数词101. 今天他是第十三个到校的(序数词).He was the 13th to come to school today.102. 请把作业送到302房间.Please send the housework to room 302.103. 他毕业于1987年7月7日.He graduated on July 7th in 1989.104. 除了英语和日语,他又学了一门语言,法语.Besides English and Japanese he has learned a third language – French.105. 成千上万的人在地震后无家可归.Thousands of people became homeless after the earthquake.106. 据说他在20世纪晚期在美国读过书.It’s said that he studied in America in the late 20th century.107. 经理将于一.两天后回来.The manager will be back in one or two days.108. 你完成了那篇2000词的文章吧?(复合adj)Have you finished the 2000 – word article?109. 我想买那些黑色鞋中的一双.I want to buy one pair of those black shoes.110. 他50岁时去了北京.He went to Bejing in his fifties.第十二组:主谓一致111. 这些都是目前最畅销的书.(从句主谓一致).These are the books that sell well at present. 112. 中国人口众多,其中80%是农民..China has a large population, of which 80% are peasants.113. 不仅我而且他去过北京。
初中英语简单句的基本句型【句型一】主语+ 谓语(不及物动词) + (状语[副词、名词、介词短语等])His father cooks. 他父亲做饭。
The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。
He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。
The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。
They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。
上述句子虽然长短不一,但都属于这一基本句型。
【句型二】主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语( + 状语)He didn’t like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。
She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。
I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。
They decided to go hiking. 他们决定去徒步旅行。
He thought about the problem for a few moments. 他把这个问题思考了一会儿。
【点津】此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是短语动词,后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。
修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末,这些状语多数是副词或介词短语,也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。
【句型三】主语+ 系动词+ 表语Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。
The mooncake tastes very delicious. 这种月饼尝起来很可口。
The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。
In spring, the trees turn green. 春天,树变绿了。
初中英语知识点归纳常用句型及句式转换英语学习中,句型和句式是非常重要的基础知识。
掌握常用的句型和灵活运用句式可以帮助我们更好地理解英语语法和提高语言表达能力。
下面是初中英语中常见的句型和句式转换的归纳总结。
一、肯定句和否定句的转换1. 肯定句:主语 + 动词 + 其他成分否定句:主语 + 助动词 do/does/did + not + 动词 + 其他成分例句:He is a doctor.(肯定句)He is not a doctor.(否定句)2. 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间例句:They are students.(肯定句)They are not students.(否定句)3. 肯定句:主语 + 动词 + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分否定句:主语 + 助动词 do/does/did + not + 动词 + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分例句:She speaks English fluently.(肯定句)She does not speak English fluently.(否定句)二、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的转换1. 一般疑问句:肯定句:Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词 + 其他成分?否定句:Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词 + not + 其他成分?特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句的语序例句:She goes to school by bus.(一般疑问句)Does she go to school by bus?(特殊疑问句)2. 一般疑问句:肯定句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间?否定句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + not + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间?特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句的语序例句:They are students.(一般疑问句)Are they students?(特殊疑问句)3. 一般疑问句:肯定句:助动词 + 主语 + 动词 + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分?否定句:助动词 + Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词 + not + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分?特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句的语序例句:He speaks English fluently.(一般疑问句)Does he speak English fluently?(特殊疑问句)三、陈述句和祈使句的转换1. 陈述句:主语 + 动词 + 其他成分祈使句:动词 + 其他成分(一般省略主语 you)例句:They play football.(陈述句)Play football.(祈使句)2. 陈述句:主语 + am/is/are + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间祈使句:Be + 名词/形容词 + 其他成分/地点/时间例句:You are a student.(陈述句)Be a student.(祈使句)3. 陈述句:主语 + 动词 + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分祈使句:动词 + 副词/介词短语 + 其他成分例句:She speaks English fluently.(陈述句)Speak English fluently.(祈使句)通过以上的归纳总结,我们可以更好地理解和运用常用的句型和句式转换。
初中英语重点句型结构
1.主语+动词+宾语
例如:I like playing basketball.
2.主语+动词+不定式
例如:She wants to learn how to play the guitar.
3.主语+动词+形容词
例如:He is tall.
4.主语+动词+名词
例如:They enjoy swimming.
5.主语+动词+副词
例如:The dog runs quickly.
6. 主语 + be + 形容词
例如:She is happy.
7. 主语 + be + 名词
例如:He is a doctor.
8. 主语 + be + 动词 -ing
例如:They are studying.
9.一般疑问句:助动词+主语+主谓倒装
例如:Do you like ice cream?
10.特殊疑问句:疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语
例如:Where do you live?
11. 否定句:主语 + 助动词 + not + 动词
例如:She does not like swimming.
12.祈使句:动词+其他成分
例如:Shut the door.
13. There be 句型:There + be动词 + 名词例如:There is a cat.。
初中英语100个句型,对你做各个题型都有帮助,你愿意每天读一页吗1. want to do sth 想做某事I want to go to school. 我想去上学。
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事I want my son to go to school.我想让我的儿子去上学。
3. be different from 与......不同The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.北京的天气和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 与……相同His trousers are the same as mine.他的裤子和我的一样。
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.王先生对我们非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地Welcome to China.欢迎来到中国。
7. What’s the matter with sb/sth 某人/某物出什么毛病了What’s the matter with your watch你的手表怎么了8 what to do 做什么We don’t know what to do next.我们不知道接下来要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事Let him enter the room.让他进入房间。
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事Let him not stand in the rain.让他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth 你怎么不做某事呢Why don’t you play football with us你怎么不和我们踢足球呢12. why not do sth 怎么不做某事呢Why not play football with us为什么不和我们踢足球呢13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物My father made me a kite.我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
初中英语所有重要的语法规则、句型
1. 时态
- 一般现在时:表示经常性或普遍性动作,或者事实、真理等。
- 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
- 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或情况。
2. 现在进行时
- 表示正在进行的动作。
- 结构:be动词(am, is, are)+ 现在分词。
3. 一般过去时
- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
- 结构:动词的过去式。
4. 情态动词
- 表示能力、可能性、必要性等。
- 常见的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, will, would, should。
5. 被动语态
- 表示动作的承受者在句中作主语。
- 结构:be动词 + 过去分词。
6. 感叹句
- 用来表达惊讶、赞美、喜悦等强烈感情。
- 结构:How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 动词!
7. 条件句
- 表示某种条件下可能发生的情况。
- 结构:if + 条件从句,主句。
8. 祈使句
- 用于表示命令、请求、建议等。
- 结构:动词原形 + ...
9. 疑问句
- 用于提问。
- 一般疑问句结构:助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形?
10. 介词
- 用于表示关系、位置、方向等。
- 常见的介词有:in, on, at, for, with, to, from, before, after, etc.
以上是初中英语中的一些重要的语法规则和句型,希望对你有帮助!。
求初中英语基本句型,基本结构初中英语句型汇总,主要涉及以下几类重要句型:1、陈述句陈述句表达的是一般事实或真理,和平时说话的普通句子类似。
其主要特点就是句子的结构十分简单,就是主语+谓语的形式。
例:He is a student. 他是一名学生。
2、疑问句疑问句有两种,即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
一般疑问句的句式是:疑问词+一般疑问句,它的回答形式是可以是是或否。
例:Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?特殊疑问句的句式是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,它的回答形式是要把特殊疑问词的答案给出来。
例:What is your name? 你叫什么名字?3、否定句否定句用于表达拒绝、反对或拒绝承认等情况,它一般由助动词do和标志词not构成。
例:He does not like English. 他不喜欢英语。
4、感叹句感叹句是用来表达感叹、惊讶、不解等情感的句子,它的主要特点是表达的情感强烈。
例:What a beautiful day!么美好的一天啊!二、初中英语基本结构1、主谓宾结构主谓宾结构是简单句最基本的结构,也是一般句子中最常用的结构。
它的结构形式为:主语+谓语+宾语,即句子的主干部分,句子的主要意思在这部分表达出来。
例:She likes English.喜欢英语。
2、主系表结构主系表结构是将主语和系动词连在一起,以表示主语的状态或情况。
它的结构形式为:主语+系动词+表语,即以系动词作连接,表语用以表达主语的属性或情况。
例:She is a student.是一名学生。
3、主谓宾宾补结构主谓宾宾补结构又称为三宾结构,有时也可以称为四宾结构。
它的结构形式为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,即句子的主干内容有三部分,用以表达主语的动作的客观结果。
例:He made me a cup of tea. 他给我做了一杯茶。
4、主谓表结构主谓表结构是一种特殊的结构形式,它主要是用来表示一种状态,而不是表示动作。
初中英语五种基本句型五种基本句型1、主语+ 系动词+ 表语2、主语+ 不及物动词3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语4、主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语5、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语也可表示为:英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+Vi (主+谓)基本句型二:S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型三:S+LinkV+P(主+谓+表)基本句型四:S+Vt+InO +DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+Vt+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)主语+ 系动词+ 表语1. Jack is a good boy.2. The park looks beautiful in spring.3. His leg got hurt just now.4. Please keep silent!5. Tom will become a doctor next year.常见的系动词(一)be动词类:am、is 、are 、was 、were(二)表示变化类:become、get 、turn 、grow 、go(三)感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound) 鼻(smell) 舌(taste) 身(feel) (四)表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep主语+ 不及物动词(不及物动词后不能直接加宾语。
)1. My grandma is sleeping now.2. I will stay in Shanghai for a week.3. Jack is leaving for New Y ork.4. It rained hard last night.5. Lucy arrived in Beijing yesterdayNote:虽然这个结构中动词后边不加宾语,但是往往带有状语状语可由以下形式表示:● Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)●He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)●Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)●Wait a minute.(名词)主语+ 及物动词(及物动词后面可直接加宾语)+ 宾语1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps.3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us.4. I don’t know which school he is in.主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)1. His father bought him (a computer).2. I sent a birthday gift (to her) yesterday.3. My mother taught me (how to do it).4. She asked Lucy (whose pen it was).常见的可以接双宾语的动词有●tell(告诉某人……), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb)●send(送给某人……), send sb sth (send sth to sb)●give(给某人……), give sb sth (give sth to sb)●bring(带给某人……), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)●leave(留给某人……), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb)●pass(递给某人……), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)●read(给某人读……), read sb sth (read sth to sb)●write(给某人写……), write sb sth (write sth to sb)●take(给某人拿……), take sb sth (take sth to sb)●show(给某人看……), show sb sth (show sth to sb)●teach(教给某人……), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)●lend(借给某人……), lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb)●return(还给某人……) return sb sth (return sth to sb)●hand(递给某人……) hand sb sth (hand sth to sb)●throw(扔给某人……) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)●get(为某人弄到……), get sb sth (get sth for sb)●pay(支付给某人……), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb)●buy(为某人买……),buy sb sth (buy sth for sb)●do(为某人做……) do sb sth (do sth for sb)●sing(为某人唱……) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)●play(为某人演奏……) play sb sth (play sth for sb)●cook(为某人煮……) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb)●choose(为某人选择……) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb)●make(为某人做……) make sb sth (make sth for sb)●save(为某人留……) save sb sth (save sth for sb)●fetch(为某人去取……) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)主语+宾语+ 宾语补足语1. We must keep the classroom (clean.)2. They consider Jack (a brave boy).3. Let the fresh air (in).4. Lucy will make herself (known).5. I saw the little girl (dancing).Ⅰ. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make, find, consider等。
初中英语句型大全汇总及例句句型1: What is your favorite food?- My favorite food is pizza.- 我最喜欢的食物是披萨。
句型2: What did you do last weekend?- Last weekend, I went hiking with my friends.- 上个周末,我和朋友去爬山了。
句型3: How do you go to school?- I usually go to school by bus.- 我通常乘公交车上学。
句型4: Why do you like English?- I like English because it sounds beautiful.- 我喜欢英语是因为它听起来很美。
句型5: Can you tell me about your family?- Sure, I have a small family. My parents and I live together.- 当然,我家庭很小,我和父母住在一起。
句型6: What is your dream job?- My dream job is to become a doctor and help people.- 我的梦想工作是成为一名医生,帮助他人。
句型7: Have you ever been to the Great Wall?- Yes, I have been to the Great Wall. It was amazing!- 是的,我去过长城,那里很棒!句型8: What do you like to do in your free time?- In my free time, I like to read books and listen to music.- 我空闲时间喜欢读书和听音乐。
句型9: Where is your favorite place to visit?- My favorite place to visit is Paris because of its beautiful architecture.- 我最喜欢去的地方是巴黎,因为那里有美丽的建筑。
初中英语九大简单基本句型1. “主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这个句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“他们”(主语)“到了”(谓语动作)。
The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。
2. “主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这个句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“我”(主语)“学习”(谓语动作)“英语”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
3. “主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这个句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“我们的老师”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“我们”(间接宾语)“英语”(直接宾语)。
4. “主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾补”句型)这个句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“他”(主语)“要求”(谓语动作)“她”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“去那里”(补语—补充说明宾语应做什么)。
5. “主语+ have + 宾语”(即“拥有”句型)这个句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么(宾语,即有形或无形的资源)”。
例:You have a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表分析:“你”拥有一块漂亮的手表,即你拥有一个能够即时且漂亮的器具。
按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。
【名师点睛】一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1. 陈述句:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。
通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。
Tom has a new car.The flower isn’t beautiful.2. 陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.(肯定)He is not playing the guitar.(否定)We can get there before dark.(肯定)We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。
同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.(肯定)He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)She won the game.(肯定)She didn’t win the game.(否定)(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。
例如:There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. →He has not any books.(4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。
例如:There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。
朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句:(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
Be quiet.You be quiet!(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
Do come back at once!Do be careful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
Open the window, please.(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。
Let Jack wait a minute.Let’s go to school.(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和Let us是有区别的。
Let’s包括说话者,而Let us不包括听话者在内。
这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let us try again, will you?(表示向别人发出请求)2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。
其结构通常是:“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如:Don’t do that again!Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!Don’t be late next time!三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑问句:(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
Do you know Mr. Smith?Can you swim?(2)一般疑问句的否定结构①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。
但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。
在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。
Are you not a football fan?Aren’t you a football fan?Will she not like it?Won’t she like it?②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。
若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。
Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?Yes, I am.No, I am not.Won’t she like it?Yes, she will.No, she won’t.2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。
特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。
例如:Who is on duty today?How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容疑问词或句型例句回答职业,身份what What is your father? He is a doctor.姓名或关系who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother相貌特征what…like? What is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful.目的what…for? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting.原因why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend.天气howwhat…like? How is the weather today?What is the weather like today? It’s fine.颜色what color…?What dolor is her skirt? It’s red.服装尺寸what size What size does he wear? He wars 40.几点钟 what time What time is it? It’s 7:30.星期几 what day What day is today? It’s Tuesday.几号,日期what is the date…? What is the date today? It’s May 2.年龄(多大)how old How old is he? He is 38.持续多长时间(多久)how long How long have you been here?For five months.长度(多长)how long How long is the bridge? It’s 500 metres. 距离(多远)how far H ow far is it from here to the zoo? It’s 6 kilometres.频度(多经常)how often How often do you come back? Once a week.时间经过(多快)how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week.数量(多少)how many(可数名词)how much(不可数名词)How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you want? Three.Two cups.价格how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars.高度(多高)how tall(人,树)how high(山,建筑物)How tall is she?How high is the tower? She’s 1.73 metres.It’s 450 metres.3. 选择疑问句:选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。
其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。
选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。
选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。
Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。
Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。
Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.4. 反意疑问句:反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。
附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。
I am your teacher, aren’t I?He didn’t study hard, did he?(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little 等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。
如:They hardly write to each other, do they?He has found nothing, has he?Few people knew the secret, did they?(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。