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Astana -the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan (since December 10, 1997). The city's population of about 700 thousand people. The city is second in the country by population after the Alma-Ata. Located in northern Kazakhstan on the river Ishim in place of its closest approach to the river Nuroy. Astana -the coldest capital of the world, after Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia. And probably the most windy ...Astana is in a very flat, semi-desert steppe region which covers most of the country's territory. The elevation of Astana is at 347 metres (1,138 ft) above sea level. Astana is in a spacious steppe landscape, in the transient area between the north of Kazakhstan and the extremely thinly settled national center, because of the river Ishim. The older boroughs lie north of the river, whilst the new boroughs are located south of the Ishim.Astana -the capital of Kazakhstan. In 1997, Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed to move the capital from Almaty to Astana (Tselinograd). This decision was motivated by an important geopolitical location of the city -the center of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian continent -the existence of the necessary transport and communication infrastructure. In 1998, the country's leadership decided to rename the new capital -it was given the name "Astana", which in Kazakh language means "capital".Mosque Nur Astana -The mosque was designed by Lebanese architect Charles Hazifa. Height of main dome -43 meters.Premium Hotel DiplomatRiver Ishim (belongs to the basin of Ob River)Palace of Peace and Accord, the monument "Kazakh Eli" and the Palace of IndependenceThe main road bridge of the city, connecting the left and right banks of the River Ishim.Height of 142 meters. Built in 2006 in the style of Stalin's skyscrapers.Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of KazakhstanMinistry of Defence of the Republic of KazakhstanBusiness Center Astanalyk "Sarayshyk street. Bridge M-1And 38-storey residential building, one of the residential complex "Grand Alatau«View from the "Triumph of Astana '(right) Temir Joly "(Office of the railway of Kazakhstan) -On the roof stylobate is one of the fire and evacuation elevators complex (reds box). This is the first in the world of exterior fire-recovery system in which elevators are moved by rail facade.Concert Hall "Kazakhstan«-Concert Hall at 3000 seats, designed by Italian architect Nicoletti.Monument to Russian sculptor Dashi Namdakov "Jer-ana" (Earth Mother), who represents Queen Tomiris Saka, standing on a giant bull.CircusMosque Nur Astana -The mosque was designed by Lebanese architect Charles Hazifa.Height of main dome -43 meters.(right) "Tower Automotive" (Lighter) -The building houses the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Ministry of Industry and Trade. -In 2006 the building was a fire, which burnt down all the upper floors.Baiterek -a monument in the center of Astana. -Built on the sketches of the British architect Norman Foster. At the top level "ball", within which is a bar and a panoramic room.National Archives of the Republic of KazakhstanAk Orda -residence of President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The height of the building along with the spire is 80 meters Façade is made of Italian marble with thickness of 20 to 40 cmTRC "Khan Shatir" -The building is a gigantic tent 150 m high (spire), constructed from a network of steel shrouds, which enshrined a transparent polymer coating.。
哈萨克斯坦共和国（哈萨克文：Қазақстан Республикасы ），是一个位于中亚的内陆国家，也是世界上最大的内陆国。
国名来自其主体民族哈萨克族。
哈萨克斯坦原为苏联加盟共和国之一，在1991年12月16日宣布独立。
与俄罗斯、中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦等国接壤，并与伊朗、阿塞拜疆隔里海相望，国土面积排名世界第九位。
16世纪之前，哈萨克斯坦境内生活的是游牧的突厥民族，直到18世纪初期，俄罗斯帝国将哈全境吞并，哈萨克斯坦开始沦为俄罗斯帝国的殖民地。
哈萨克斯坦近年来加强了与俄罗斯等东欧各国的经济、政治、军事等方面的一体化。
哈萨克斯坦石油自独立以来，哈萨克斯坦在油气开发利用中取得的成就为其经济迅猛发展奠定了基础。
哈总统提出了建立更有效的碳氢化合物管理体系新任务，以在2050年前保持哈油气稳定开采和出口。
本文概要介绍哈油气行业从独立后13以来的有关情况。
哈具有的良好投资环境以及巨大资源潜力将全球能源市场上的巨擘吸引到其石化领域。
目前，有来自美国、俄罗斯、中国、欧盟和世界其他国家的公司在该领域成功运营。
正是由于外国大型企业的加入，在很大程度上使得哈加快了大型油气田如田吉兹和卡拉恰干纳克投入工业使用进程。
近10年来，哈石油天然气领域投资的近60%来自有外国公司参与的项目。
与此同时，当前，哈萨克斯坦政府在制定政策中希望加强哈国家在石化领域中的作用，要求外国投资者活动具有更大透明性，加强外国投资者在社会领域并提高产品服务当地占比的责任。
这些新要求使得外国企业在向哈进行投资时，要考虑哈作为石油开采国家和其长期发展目标等利益。
一、哈石油天然气蕴藏概况截至目前，哈萨克斯坦在全球碳氢化合物原料储量中占比近3%，列全球第9位，仅次于沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克、科威特、伊朗、阿联酋、委内瑞拉、俄罗斯和利比亚。
截止2013年1月1日，哈矿产蕴藏量如下：可开采石油近50亿吨，分布在244个油田；可开采游离气1.6万亿立方米，分布在220个气田（365个开采地）；可开采溶解气2.3万亿立方米，分布在180个气田（227个开采地）；可开采凝析气近3.6亿吨，分布在61个气田。
