英语词法名词复数及所有格
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初中英语语法一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语:是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词:说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语:在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
英语语法初中基础知识大全一、词法(一)名词1. 名词的分类普通名词:如book(书)、tree(树)、student(学生)等。
可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
专有名词:表示特定的人、地方、组织、机构等名称,如China(中国)、Tom(汤姆)、the Great Wall(长城)等。
首字母一般大写。
2. 名词的数可数名词有单数和复数形式。
规则变化:一般在词尾加s,如cat cats,dog dogs。
以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词,加es,如bus buses,box boxes,watch watches,brush brushes。
以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词,把y 改i 再加es,如city cities,factory factories;但以元音字母+ y 结尾的名词,直接加s,如boy boys,day days。
以 f 或fe 结尾的名词,把 f 或fe 改为v 再加es,如knife knives,wife wives;但也有一些直接加s,如roof roofs。
不规则变化:如man men,woman women,child children,foot feet,tooth teeth 等。
不可数名词没有复数形式,如water(水)、milk(牛奶)、bread(面包)等。
计量时要用“数词+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词”的结构,如 a glass of water(一杯水),two pieces of bread(两片面包)。
3. 名词的所有格’s 所有格:一般在名词后加’s,如Mary’s book(玛丽的书)。
以s 结尾的复数名词,直接加’,如the students’ desks(学生们的课桌)。
表示两人或多人共有某物时,只在最后一个名词后加’s;若分别拥有,则每个名词后都加’s,如Tom and Jim’s room(汤姆和吉姆共有的房间);Tom’s and Jim’s rooms(汤姆的房间和吉姆的房间)。
[英语词法总结] 名词词法总结词法总结一、名词1、可数名词复数:一般情况在词尾+S以s ,x ,ch ,sh ,结尾的词+es bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,push→pushes。
★stomach →stomachs以辅音母加y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再+esfactory→factories, country→countries,family→families。
★以元音字母加y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加s boy→boys, day→days。
以o 结尾的词多数都+es hero→heroes,negro →negroes, potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes。
★词末为两个元音字母的词只+s zoo→zoos,radio→radios,★某些外来词只+s:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
★注意:zero →zeros / zeroes - zero 既可+s,也可+es。
以f 或fe 结尾的词,多数变f 为v 再加-es ,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves,shelf →shelves , thief →thieves , 但:roof →roofs , chief →chiefs ,handkerchief →handkerchiefs少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
★man 和woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women 。
a n Englishman,two Englishmen。
★German 不是合成词,复数Germans★如:men workers, women teachers。
【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。
在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。
考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。
另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分's和of的用法。
(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。
如:month-months,bird-birds。
(2)以s,ss,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es。
如:bus-buses,boss-bosses,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。
(3)以o结尾的名词,有的加es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es。
如:factory-factories,city-cities。
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加s,如:toy-toys,day-days。
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es。
如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves(例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs),scarf-scarfs或scarves。
2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母,构成复数。
如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans)。
(2)单复数形式一样。
如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,fish-fish。
初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
初中英语语法词法部分(一)名词考点一:名词单复数(了解)名词的种类:英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:规则名词复数的变化:Tip:变fe为ves的口诀:小偷和妻子用架子上的刀结束了树叶和狼的生命。
不规则名词复数:考点二:名词所有格(了解)名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
所有格分三种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
三是双重所有格.(1)所有格的构成(2)有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
(3)of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film(4)双重所有格在意义上与"one of..."相似:名词专项训练(一)一.选择题()1、"It depends on my ______decision."the mother said and looked at her two sons.A.childrens' B.children's C.child D.child's()2、10 September is on ________Day.A TeacherB TeachersC Teacher’sD Teachers’()3、On Day, we should give our best wishes to our mothers.A WomanB Women’sC Woman’sD Women’s()4、Do you know when is Day.A FathersB Father’sC Fathers’Father()5、Fruit is good for health,so I often have breakfast with one.A.candy B.cakeC.banana D.hamburger()6、﹣The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.﹣Don't worry.You can enjoy yourself.It's my _________.A.time B.treat C.task D.taste()7、﹣Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.﹣That's true.It's an important part of Chinese____________.A.culture B.invention C.custom()8、The New Silk Road will offer a good _____ for more nations to communicate.A.chance B.habit C.question D.price()9、Each couple in China can have two_____from January 1st,2016A.boy B.girl C.children D.child()10、It's sports time.Most ________ students in Class 1are playing football on the playground.()A.boy B.boys C.boy's D.boys'()11、we should show our respects to those,they are very important to us.A woman doctorB women doctorC women doctorsD women doctor()12、Those are all from famous colleges.A man teachersB men teachersC man’s teachersD men’s teachers()13、I need to buy a pair of shoes,do you know where I can find a shop?A shoesB shoe'sC shoes’D shoe()14、Our school will have a meeting tomorrow, we are all very excited.A sportB sportsC sport’sD sports’()15、There is a new store near my home ,would you go with me ?A clothB clotheC clothesD clothes’()16、Yibin is one of the most beautiful ____in Sichuan.A.city B.cities C.citys D cityies()17、Do you know one of the name ? ()A masterB mastersC masters’D master’s()18、He is one of the best in our school. ()A studentB studentsC students’D student’s()19、﹣There are many _____ about this farm.﹣Yes,lots of _____ are planted on it.()A.photo;potato B.photos;potatosC.photos;potatoes D.photoes;potatoes()20、Tom’s familylarge , there are only four in it.A aren't ;people;B isn't ;peoplesC aren't ;peoplesD isn't ;people()21、His familyall music lovers.A isB areC beD were()22、The government going to build a dam here.A isB areC beD was()23、The government having meetings on how to solve the air problem.A areB isC wereD be()24、the police looking for him everywhere.()A areB isC amD be()25、﹣How far is your home from school?﹣About ______ ride.()A.ten minute's B.ten minutes' C.ten minutes()26、There'll be a ________meeting next week,and my parents will ______come for it.A.parents';all B.parents';bothC.parent's;all D.parent's;both()27、﹣Are you sure this is a photo _______,the famous comedy actress?﹣It surprised you,didn't it?But she was once really thin.A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling'sC.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling's()28、"John,is the book on the desk yours?""No,it's my .She left it here yesterday."A.sister's B.sister C.sisters'()29、room is big and nice.A.Kate's and Jane's B.Kate's and JaneC.Kate and Jane's()30、﹣Mike,what club do you want to join?﹣Well,I want to join the club.I love painting.A.chess B.sports C.art D.English()31、Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______A.note B.surprise C.call D.gift()32、﹣Whatdo you like?﹣I like playing tennis and running.A.subjects B.music C.sports()33、Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______.A.kitchen B.garden C.bathroom D.bedroom()34、The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it,you should be careful.A.glass B.glasses C.candle D.Candles()35、﹣Mom,I will eat less fast food this year,believe me.﹣If you make a ________,you must keep it.A.joke B.noise C.mistake D.promise()36、﹣﹣﹣Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.﹣﹣﹣They're for public.This ______ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.A.number B.pair C.kind D.piece()37、He was born in Germany,but he has made China his ______.A.family B.address C.house D.home()38、It's cold today.Take your______ with you when you go out.A.knife B.coat C.brush D.key()39、﹣Who is the person you admire the most?﹣Qian Xuesen,the Father of China's Missiles.He is the ______ of China.A.leader B.pride C.voice()40、﹣﹣﹣Why did Lucy look unhappy?﹣﹣﹣Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework.A.friends B.plans C.decisions D.mistakes()41、Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely.A.gift B.stick C.pet D.watch()42、﹣﹣﹣It's hot today.Have some ________,please.﹣﹣﹣No,thanks.I'm not thirsty at all.A.water B.potatoes C.bread D.cakes()43、When the man went through the forest alone,he lost his _______ and felt afraid.A.Task B.work C.way D.Job()44、﹣﹣Are you going out with Jade tonight?﹣﹣That's my .Mind your own!A.offer B.Business C.question D.chance()45、Your _______ is very helpful.I guess I'll take it.A.secret B.advice C.promise D.purpose名词专项训练(二)1.my cousin likes doing (体育).2.Do you know any of the (child ) name ?3.They come from . they are . (England)4.She is a good (swim).5.(swim ) in the river is dangerous.6.How many (年级) are there in your school ?7.The (主人) of the dogs look after them well.8.The (swim) are trying their best.9.This picture is my (表弟).10.These cloths are those (swim).11.One of the basketball (play) is from England.12.Do you know the (run) over there ?13.The book must be one of my (teacher).14.We have eleven tennis (play) in our new team.15.This is our (one) lesson.16.I hope Li Hua’s (dream) come true.17.The bag isn’t mine , it must be someone (else) .18.You can find Lily in the(read) room.19.Those doctors saved a lot of people, they are my (hero).20.My friends like playing (football)4.After class,children went out of their classroom to enjoy the(warm)of the sun.5.There were(thousand)of people at the concert.6.There used to be many(wolf),but only a few of them remain today.7.A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式)useful for us to understand new words.8.By the end of this month,people in Beijing will be able to brush their(tooth)with water from Hubei.9.Please accept our best w(祝愿)for your exams.10.In the famous competition,(获胜者)always get very good prize.11.Having a good is necessary for us all.(educate)12.I saw some(German)and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday.13.He Jiong,a host from Hunan TV,was very famous in his(twenty).14.Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her.(thirty)15.may live in the deep ocean some day.(human)16.The program introduced how the police dealt with two in the small town.(robbery)17.Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter.(thief)18.We had to go there on foot.After the two(hour)walk,we were tired out.19.It's lime lo have a rest.Let's go out for a(呼吸)of fresh air.20.When I was younger,my h was collecting stamps,but now I like painting.21.There is no doubt that Moyan is a great(succeed)with Nobel Prize.22.He made a(decide)not to spend too much time playing video games.23.Don't be afraid of making.They help you learn.(mistake)24.Thousands of(visitor)come to my hometown Suqian every year.25.The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of.(wooden)26.Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane.(information )27.Which team do you think will be the(win)of the 20th FIFA World Cup?28.My father's job is different from those(spaceman).29.After so many(year)practice,Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player.30.In my hometown,lots of trees are full of green all year round.(leaf)31.Thanks to your(suggest),l got to complete the job in time.32.Look at the(photo).How beautiful they are!33.Our modern times need more and more(hero)for us to learn from.34.The kangaroo comes from Australia.It eats grass and(leaf).35.It is well﹣known that there are four(季节)in a year.36.Many people do not know the(important)of the wetlands.37.The beautiful toy car is(Bob).38.(child)Day is my favourite festival in the year.39.David is good at drawing and he's going to be an(art)when he grows up.40.We do lots of outdoor(active)when spring comes.41.He is friendly to his classmates,and has made many(friend)here.42.Many new(potato)will grow from one potato planted in the ground.43.Look,Mum!All the boxes in the room are filled with(蔬菜).44.Several(foreign)came to visit our school last week.45.The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking.(dangerous)46.What a heavy!Take an umbrella when you go out.47.Now I can speak in English and keep (日记) in English.48.How many (手表) do you have ?49.What time is it ? it is a (一刻钟) past one .50.Every day ,we do morning (锻炼) at school.51.Thanks for your (祝愿).52.It’s good for our eyes to do eye (锻炼).53.Are there any in your school ? yes, we often go to read books in it.54.We enjoy watching the (firework) on New Year's Eve.1.(2016•平顶山一模)There is no enough ____ in the fridge to put the meat.()A.space B.place C.floor D.ground2.(2016•济南一模)﹣Why do you look so excited,Timmy?﹣I've just got a good________.()A.news B.job C.advice D.work3.(2016•济南一模)Mike and his friends are going to the ________to see the new movie tonight.()A.bookshop B.restaurant C.cinema D.concert二.填空题(共43小题)4.(2015•临沂)After class,children went out of their classroom to enjoy the___ (warm)of the sun.5.(2015•临沂)There were_____ (thousand)of people at the concert.6.(2015•安顺)There used to be many(wolf),but only a few of them remain today.7.(2015•上海)A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words.(改为复数形式)Dictionarie useful for us to understand new words.8.(2015•临沂)By the end of this month,people in Beijing will be able to brush their____(tooth)with water from Hubei.9.(2015•安徽)Please accept our best w (祝愿)for your exams.10.(2015•青岛)In the famous competition,(获胜者)always get very good prize.11.(2015•红河州二模)Having a good is necessary for us all.(educate)12.(2015•兴化市一模)I saw some(German)and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday.13.(2015•兴化市一模)He Jiong,a host from Hunan TV,was very famous in his______(twenty).14.(2015•青浦区二模)Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her.(thirty)15.(2015•闸北区二模)may live in the deep ocean some day.(human)16.(2015•浦东新区一模)The program introduced how the police dealt with two_______in the small town.(robbery)17.(2015•闸北区一模)Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter.(thief)18.(2015•泗阳县模拟)We had to go there on foot.After the two(hour)walk,we were tired out.19.(2014•连云港)It's lime to have a rest.Let's go out for a(呼吸)of fresh air.20.(2014•广州)When I was younger,my h was collecting stamps,but now I like painting.21.(2014•鄂州)There is no doubt that Moyan is a great(succeed)with Nobel Prize.22.(2014•西藏)He made a(decide)not to spend too much time playing video games.23.(2014•上海)Don't be afraid of making.They help you learn.(mistake)24.(2014•宿迁)Thousands of(visitor)come to my hometown Suqian every year.25.(2014•上海)The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of.(wooden)26.(2014•贵阳)Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane.(information )27.(2014•盐城)Which team do you think will be the(win)of the 20th FIFA World Cup?28.(2014•东台市二模)My father's job is different from those(spaceman).29.(2013•兰州)After so many(year)practice,Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player.30.(2012•迪庆州)In my hometown,lots of trees are full of green all year round.(leaf)31.(2012•兰州)Thanks to your(suggest),l got to complete the job in time.32.(2012•徐州)Look at the(photo).How beautiful they are!33.(2012•泰州)Our modern times need more and more(hero)for us to learn from.34.(2012•钦州)The kangaroo comes from Australia.It eats grass and(leaf).35.(2012•泰安)It is well﹣known that there are four seasons(季节)in a year.36.(2012•盐城)Many people do not know the(important)of the wetlands.37.(2012•西藏)The beautiful toy car is(Bob).38.(2012•宿迁)(child)Day is my favourite festival in the year.39.(2011•临沂)David is good at drawing and he's going to be an(art)when he grows up.40.(2011•烟台)We do lots of outdoor(active)when spring comes.41.(2011•广元)He is friendly to his classmates,and has made many(friend)here.42.(2011•西藏)Many new(potato)will grow from one potato planted in the ground.43.(2011•兰州)Look,Mum! All the boxes in the room are filled with(蔬菜).44.(2011•广西)Several(foreign)came to visit our school last week.45.(2011•昭通)The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking.(dangerous)46.(2011•吉林)What a heavy!Take an umbrella when you go out.。
英语词法一.名词英语名词是英语学习的基础,名词的词法也是最先要学会的。
名词需要掌握的有以下四个方面:1.名词的分类。
分为普通名词food,fruit;专有名词Sophie,Beijing;抽象名词time,space。
2.名词的数。
名词有可数与不可数之分,如apple可数,water不可数。
可数与不可数的区分在于是否可以量化。
可数名词又有单数与复数之分。
单数变复数有以下6种情况。
【1】一般情况下,在词尾加s,如pear-pears【2】单词以o,s,x,ch结尾的,在词尾加es。
如fox-foxes,watch-watches。
其中以o结尾的词多数都加es,但下列两类只加s:词尾为两个元音字母的词和某些外来词,还可以参考有生命的动植物加es,无生命的加s。
有极少数词例外,如kangaroo-kangaroos。
【3】单词以f,fe结尾变复数,需要去掉f,fe变成v加es。
如knife-knives,wife-wives。
【4】单词以y结尾变复数,需要把y变i加es。
如family-families,candy-candies,daisy-daisies。
【5】单复数同形。
如sheep,fish,deer,works,means,Swiss,Chinese,people。
【6】特殊情况。
如man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,child-children。
3.名词的格名词的格有两种情况,一种是名词所有格,表示所属关系。
的【1】有生命的人或物的所有格用’s表示,有时也可以用of表示。
如 a man’s voice=the voice of the man。
【2】以s结尾的单数普通名词后仍然加’s,如The boss’s son,was arrogant to all the employees.若是以s结尾的复数名词,其后则只加撇号。
如This shop sells ladies’ hats.You don’t belong in the beginners’ class.【3】若是以s结尾的专有名词,则既可以只加撇号,也可以加’s【4】若是几个人共有的,在最后一个姓名后加’s。
初中英语语法大全(学霸必备)学霸人手一份的中考提分初中英语语法大全,为初中生提供了研究英语语法的基础知识。
首先,要学好单词和短语,因为语法研究的基础是掌握单词的形态变化即词法。
之后,要掌握好九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句、定语从句及宾语从句的复合句等具体的语法研究内容。
掌握好初中语法知识,将加快英语研究的进程。
本文归纳了词法、八种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握三种基本从句,希望对广大中学生们有所帮助。
一、词法1.名词:可数不可数,复数变化规则,所有格1.1名词的可数与不可数可数名词表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,有单数与复数两种形式。
不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量,如物质名词与抽象名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,也没有复数形式。
要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。
需要注意的是,许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数,如chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
1.2名词复数的规则变化一般情况下加-s。
以s。
x。
ch。
sh,结尾的加-es。
以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。
以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。
1.3名词的所有格单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s,若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。
如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。
2.代词:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词2.1人称代词2.2 Possessive PronounsXXX possessive pronoun must always be followed by a noun。
初中英语语法归纳总结一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you,it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
英语语法体系图1 英语词法-名词 名词 可数名词及其单、复数可数名词能以数目来计算,可以分成个体,有复数形式,前面可以有不定冠词修饰。
当名词前有(a) few 、many 、several 、a(large) number of 、a good/great many 、some 、any 、lots of 、a lot of 、plenty of 、a quantity of 、massesof 等修饰时,名词用复数形式。
可数名词复数的变化规则 ① 一般在名词词尾加-s ②以-s 、-x 、-ch 、-sh 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es ③以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,一般把-f 或-fe 改为v ,再加-es;个别的直接在词尾加-s④ 以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的名词,把-y 变为-i ,再加-es;以“元音字母+-y”"结尾的名词,词尾直接加-s不可数名词 不可数名词不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体,没有复数形式,不能用不定冠词修饰; 若表示个体意义,要借助量词。
不可数名词前可以用(a) little 、much 、a good/great deal of 、a largeamount of 、a bit of 、some 、any 、lots of 、a lot of 、plenty of 、a quantity of 、masses of 等来修饰,表示量。
名词所有格 -'s 所有格① 一般在词尾加-’s② 以-s 或-es 结尾的名词加-’③ 复合名词一般在最后一词的词尾加-’s ④ 两者或多者共同拥有,在最后一个名词词尾加-’s ; 分别拥有则在每个名词词尾加-’s 。
of 所有格 of+无生命的名词(有时也可是有生命的名词)双重所有格 ① 名词+of+-’s 所有格/名词性物主代词② 表示部分概念③ 用-’s 所有格的名词须是限定的、指人的。
Quickly快速地
(形容词+ly)很大部分副词的形式都是如此,看你自己能不能举出例子
5.动词v.
cut 砍、割,初一学的have, like, eat, play, take等等这些表示动作的都是动词
6.数词
(基数词—表示具体数量one, two, three这些
序数词—表示第几first, second, third …thirtieth等等
7.冠词记住只有三个(a, an, the)
其中不定冠词两个,a和an
a/an 泛指(任一均可)
A student must go to school. 学生必须要上学。
(意思是指世界上的学生都是要上学的,一谈到世界上所有
的,也就是我们所说的泛指了)
其中an用于元音字母发音开头的名词
a university; an umbrella;an hour;
剩下的一个是定冠词the,接下来是the的用法
the 特指(特定的,不具任意性的)
(1.前文提到过,彼此都知晓的;2.或者特殊名词)
the girl in red
the police I saw yesterday.
the Great Wall;
the moon.
the Blacks.(姓氏复数形式,表示一个姓的家庭)
7.介词prep. 表示在什么时间或者在什么地点,也就分为了时间介词和方位介词,搞清楚以下这些词的意思和用法
In, on, at, from, to, under, below, above, between, among, behind,
8连词conj. 连接句子的作用
我们目前需要掌握的很少,就and, but, so. 搞清楚三个词各自表示什么关系。
英语基础语法总结英语语法可以分成为两大部分:分别为词法和句法。
词法包括各类词的形态及其变化,句法主要讲句子的种类和类型,句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。
词类句类动词动词的第三人称单数形式[1]动词的第三人称单数形式动词的-ing形式时态时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:"现在、过去、将来、过去将来"四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。
由时态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:6.例句:(1)She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。
(2) I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。
一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.标志:Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes, ,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构:(1)主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth(2)主语 + will/shall + do + do sth4.否定句:在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
{首字母大写}6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
一般过去将来时1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
全!初中必背英语语法知识汇总语法是中考英语考试必考点。
语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。
本文归纳了词法和八种基本时态,希望对广大初中学子有所帮助。
词法名词(1)名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。
不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,要表示“一个……”这一概念,须加a piece of这一类短语。
(2)可数名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-sB.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f,fe结尾,去掉f或fe,变v再加-es(3)名词的所有格①. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s如:the worker's bike,the Children’s ball②.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’s如:This is Lucy and Licy’s room.These are Kate's and jack’s rooms.③. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’books,the girls’blouses代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数you you your yours yourself复数you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数they them their theirs themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
英语词法名词复数及所有格在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。
下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下:一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s。
如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。
如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。
如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomato es西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。
如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shel f-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, cl othes, socks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。
英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag,ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white,orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second,third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on,from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
词法之名词所有格让我们开始学习吧名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三种:-'s形式的所有格、of形式的所有格和双重所有格。
一、-’s所有格2. -’s所有格的用法(1)-’s所有格大多表示有生命的名词的所有关系。
John’s clothes are made by hand in Italy.约翰的衣服是在意大利手工做的。
补充be made by sb.有某人制作be made of 由…制成(能看出材质,材质制作过程中没有发生化学变化)be made from由…制成(看不出材质,材质制作过程发生了化学变化)be made in在某地制造(2)表示两个或多人共有时,只变化最后一个词的词尾;如果为各自所有时,各个名词的词尾都要变化。
He is my father and mother’s friend.他时我父母的朋友。
(共同拥有)Frank’s and Jane’s cars are both Fiat.富兰克和简的车都是菲亚特牌的(各自拥有)(3)表示时间、距离、度量值、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以用-’s所有格。
five minutes’ walk步行5分钟的路程表路程的提问用how far,而不是how longThe boss gave me two days’ holiday because of my illness.因为我病了,老板给了我两天的假期because of 后面接名词,这句话里的because of my illness=because I was ill.(4)在表示诊所、店铺、医院、学校、住宅或公共建筑物等时,-’s常常不出现其所修饰的名词。
at the doctor’s 在诊所at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家Little Tom is being scolded at the teacher’s小汤姆在老师的办公室接受批评(5)有时为了避免重复,可以单独使用-’所有格,其作用在句子中相当于名词。
英语词法名词复数及所有格
在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。
下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下:
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。
如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, f axes
三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-d uties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。
如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。
如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: to matoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。
如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, glove s, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。
如:action movie-action mo vies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。
如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作works作品,工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水or
anges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, c hicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。
如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。
但如是缩略词则只加s。
如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。
构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。
如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是之s结尾的与单数一样处理。
如:Teac hers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。
如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)。