《大学思辨英语教程写作1》练习答案-Unit 1 Life and Value

Book OneUnit One10.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato, Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(认识论) and logic，and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect(宗派).译文：苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。

大学思辨英语教程写作1练习答案 - Unit 3 Growth and Maturity一、词汇学习1. Command - Verb: to give an authoritative order. - Noun: an authoritative order.2. Accumulate - Verb: to gather or collect.3. Inevitable - Adjective: certain to happen; unavoidable.4. Rites - Noun: a religious or other solemn ceremony or act;a way of behaving or doing something that is customary.5. Entail - Verb: involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence.二、短文改写原文： Growth and maturity entail several stages and experiences that shape who we become. It is inevitable that we encounter challenges and difficulties along the way. However, it is through overcoming these obstacles that we gain maturity and wisdom.改写： Becoming mature and growing up involve a series of stages and experiences that influence our personal development. It is unavoidable that we face various challengesand hardships throughout this process. Nevertheless, it is by successfully conquering these obstacles that we acquire wisdom and maturity.三、完形填空原文： Ad vertisements in today’s society often try to 1 the idea that people can purchase happiness. They try to 2 us that buying certain products will make us happier and more fulfilled. While it is true that having some material possessions can bring us temporary joy, true happiness and fulfillment come from 3 sources.Money is a 4 tool that can be used for good or for evil. It can provide us with security and opportunities, but it can also make us 5 and lead to dissatisfaction if we become too focused on accumulating wealth. We must remember that there are certain things that money cannot 6. It cannot buy love, friendship, or personal growth, which are all essential for true happiness.In order to truly be happy and fulfilled, we must 7 on developing meaningful relationships, pursuing our passions, and 8 to become the best version of ourselves. This requires self-reflection and self-improvement. 9 happiness comes from within and is not dependent on external factors such as possessions or wealth. It comes from living a life aligned with our values and finding fulfillment in the things that truly matter to us.It is 10 to sometimes be tempted by the notion that possessions can bring us happiness. However, it is important toremember that true happiness is not something that can be bought; it is something that comes from within.完形填空： 1. A. persuade 2. B. convince 3. D. inner 4. C. neutral 5. A. greedy 6. D. acquire 7. B. focus 8. A. striving 9. C. True 10. B. natural四、阅读理解1.原文： A 2016 study found that the average person spends nearly six hours a day on their phone. For many of us, our phone has become an extension of ourselves and a constant source of entertainment and distraction. However, what are the effects of this constant screen time on our mental health?One study conducted by researchers from the University of Pittsburgh found a correlation between increased social media use and feelings of depression and loneliness. The study followed over 1,700 adults and found that those who spent more time on social media platforms were more likely to report feelings of isolation and dissatisfaction with their lives.Another study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior found that excessive smartphone use can lead to symptoms of addiction. Researchers surveyed over 300 college students and found that those who reported higher levels of dependence on their smartphones were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness.While smartphones and social media can provide us with a sense of connection and entertainment, it is important to bemindful of our usage. Excessive screen time can have negative effects on our mental health and well-being. It is essential to find a balance and engage in activities that promote our mental and emotional well-being.改写： According to a study conducted in 2016, the average person spends nearly six hours a day on their mobile phones. For many individuals, their phone has become an integral part of their lives, providing constant entertainment and distraction. However, what impact does this excessive screen time have on our mental health?Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh conducted a study that found a correlation between increased use of social media and feelings of loneliness and depression. The study, which involved over 1,700 adults, discovered that those who spent more time on social media platforms were more likely to feel isolated and dissatisfied with their lives.Another study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior revealed that excessive use of smartphones can lead to symptoms of addiction. The study surveyed more than 300 college students and found that those who reported higher levels of smartphone dependency were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness.While smartphones and social media can offer a sense of connectivity and entertainment, it is crucial to be mindful of our usage. Spending excessive time on screens can have adverse effects on our mental health and overall well-being. Striking a balance and engaging in activities that promote our mental and emotional well-being is essential.2.原文： Growth and maturity involve taking responsibility for our actions and choices. As we grow older, we gain the autonomy to make decisions that shape our lives. This freedom comes with the need to take ownership of our actions and accept the consequences that result from them.Taking responsibility requires recognizing our role in the outcomes of our choices. It means acknowledging that the decisions we make have an impact on ourselves and those around us. By taking responsibility, we demonstrate our maturity and willingness to learn from our mistakes and grow as individuals.However, taking responsibility does not mean that we are entirely to blame for every negative outcome. It means understanding that we have the power to control how we respond to situations and make choices that align with our values and goals. It also means acknowledging that we have the ability to change and improve ourselves, even in challenging circumstances.Taking responsibility is a sign of personal growth and maturity. It allows us to demonstrate integrity, accountability, and resilience. By embracing responsibility, we develop a sense of ownership over our lives and take an active role in shaping our future.改写： Developing and maturing involves assuming responsibility for our actions and decisions. As we age, we obtain the independence to make choices that impact our lives. With this freedom comes the necessity to acknowledge the consequences that arise from our actions and accept them.Assuming responsibility entails understanding our involvement in the outcomes resulting from our decisions. It means recognizing that the choices we make have an influence on ourselves and those around us. By shouldering responsibility, we exhibit our maturity and willingness to learn from our errors and evolve as individuals.However, accepting responsibility does not imply that we bear full blame for every negative consequence. It means comprehending that we possess the power to control our responses to situations and make choices that are in line with our values and aspirations. It also means acknowledging our ability to adapt and better ourselves, even in the face of challenging circumstances.Taking responsibility signifies personal growth and maturity. It enables us to demonstrate integrity, accountability, and resilience. By embracing responsibility, we foster a sense of ownership over our lives and actively shape our own future.五、写作题目： Write an essay discussing the importance of personal growth and maturity in academic and professional settings.写作： In both academic and professional settings, personal growth and maturity play an indispensable role in our success and development. They not only shape our character but also determine our ability to handle challenges and make wise decisions.First and foremost, personal growth and maturity are fundamental for academic excellence. As students, we are constantly faced with the need to acquire new knowledge and skills. It is through personal growth that we can develop a thirst for learning, curiosity, and an open mind. By cultivating these qualities, we become more receptive to new ideas and perspectives, enhancing our ability to grasp complex concepts and apply them in academic endeavors.Furthermore, personal growth and maturity enable us to take responsibility for our academic progress. They teach us to prioritize our commitments, manage our time effectively, and persevere through obstacles. As we grow and mature, we recognize that success is not solely determined by intelligence but also by discipline and hard work. This self-discipline and work ethic become the driving forces behind our academic achievements.In addition to academic pursuits, personal growth and maturity are equally critical in professional settings. As professionals, we must navigate complex work environments, collaborate with diverse individuals, and handle challenging situations. Personal growth equips us with the necessary emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills to thrive in such environments.Moreover, personal growth encourages us to strive for continuous improvement in our professional lives. By being self-aware and open to feedback, we can identify areas for growth and actively seek opportunities for development. This may involve attending workshops, exploring new roles or responsibilities, or seeking guidance from mentors. Ultimately, personal growth and maturity enable us to adapt to evolving job demands and contribute meaningfully to our organizations.In conclusion, personal growth and maturity are essential components of success in academic and professional settings. They not only enhance our ability to acquire knowledge and overcome challenges, but also equip us with the skills necessary to excel in our chosen fields. By investing in our personal growth and embracing maturity, we position ourselves for an enriching and fulfilling academic and professional journey.。

Unit 1 Thinking SociologicallyText APreparatory Work<1>Micro-level sociology: a b eMacro-level sociology: c d<2>Sociology is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Like sociology, psychology, economics, history, demography are all related to the study of society and human activities. In this way they share similarities.The differences lie in the follows:●Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind, embracing allaspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought of the human beings.●Economics focuses on the behavior and interactions of economicagents and how economies work, that is the economic activities of the human kind.●History is the study of the past events as well as the memory, discovery,collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events, particularly how it relates to humans.●Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially humanbeings. As a very general science, it can analyze any kind of dynamic living population, i.e., one that changes over time or space.<3> <open>Teaching suggestion:You can refer to the following textbooks:John J. Macionis & Nijole V. Benokraitis ed., Seeing Ourselves 7th ed. <Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007>James M. Henslin ed., Down to Earth Sociology: Introductory Readings 14th ed. <New York: Free Press, 2007><4> <open>Teaching suggestion:You can refer to the last two parts of the text: "What Work Do Sociologists Do" and "How is Sociology Useful to Me and to the World" <paragraph 19-26> for positive reasons.Negative reasons vary <why not choose a career related to sociology>, for instance, no interest <in social sciences>, character reasons <not cut out for dealing with people>, and practical reason <no high pay>.Critical ReadingI. Understanding the text1.2.<1> To emphasize the importance of sociology and arouse readers’ interest in <studying> sociology.<2>The intended audience of the essay are university and college students. The audience is young and curious about everything but needs some guide in choosing their courses in university study.<3>In Para. 7, Cargan and Ballantine try to demonstrate that sociology isbased on systematic and objective study of human behavior.<4>They illustrate the difference between individual explanation and group explanation using divorce as an example. Individual explanation considers a divorce as a personal problem caused by conflict between the husband and wife within the family. Sociology can help us move beyond "individual" explanations to consider the social surroundings that influence the situation: economic conditions, disruptions caused by changing sex roles, and pressures on the family to meet the emotional needs of its members.<5>We can see that the first list of skills <sociology trains us in> is broader and more general category, and the second list of skills <employers look for> is the overlapping or subcategory of the former list. So we can simply put the skills of the second list into its respective categories in the first list <actually, some of the skills in the second list can be put into two or more general categories in the first list>. Note: this is only one way of reorganize the two lists, and not necessarily the best one.●Ability to view the world more objectively: ability to plan effectively;self-confidence about job responsibilities; ability to listen to others;self-motivation; effective leadership skills●Tools to solve problems by designing studies, collecting data, andanalyzing results: ability to organize thoughts and information; ability to conceptualize problems clearly●Ability to understand group dynamics: ability to work with peers;self-motivation; ability to interact effectively in group situations; ability to listen to others●Ability to understand and evaluate problems: effectiveproblem-solving skills; effective leadership skills;●Ability to understand your personal problems in a broader socialcontext: willingness to adapt to the needs of the organization; ability to handle pressureII. Evaluation and exploration<1> Yes. The title is a question to the key issue of sociology, which is very clear and focused. And the text provides and elaborates the answers to the key question "why study sociology".<2> The introduction is very effective. It starts with six questions about sociology to arouse the readers’ interest or curiosity in this topic.<3> Subtitles in the text are effective and necessary in dividing the text into different but related parts so that the readers can have a clear structural framework about the organization of the text.<4> The benefits of taking sociology described in Para. 13 are grouped intoa general list of five abilities/skills in paragraph 14 and 12 skills in paragraph15. It is not necessary to use examples to illustrate every benefit mentioned in a long list. However, if the authors added some statistics to support the five categories, the argument would be more convincing.<5> The conclusion or statement that "sociology is the broadest of the socialsciences" is reasonable. Cargan and Ballantine described the wide range of areas sociology covers, and other related disciplines that sociology overlaps with, such as socialpsychology, political socioloty, anthropology, and social history.<6> Sociology not only covers vast areas of social studies, but also provides objective perspective and scientific methods in understanding the society and individuals. It also trains us in necessary life and work ability or skills in correctly dealing with issues and problems. In a word, sociology offers us a platform for critical thinking.<7> Sociologists probe into a social phenomenon/problem with scientific methods <group explanation instead of personal/individual one> that the next unit is to discuss in details <they include experiment, survey, participant observation/field work, and available data analysis>.<8> Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and social functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements, namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions.●Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology thatemphasize the social, political, or material inequality of a social group, that critique the broad socio-political system, or that otherwise detract from structural functionalism and ideological conservatism. Conflict theories draw attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies. It is therefore a macro level analysis of society. Karl Marx is the father of the social conflict theory, which is a component of the four paradigms of sociology.●Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective which developedaround the middle of the twentieth century and that continues to be influential in some areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. Symbolic interactionism is derived from the American philosophy of pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead who coined the term and put forward an influential summary: people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them, and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation.●Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moralaction is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, but is usually related to the well-being of sentient entities. Originally, Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, defined utility as the aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action.John Stuart Mill expanded this concept of utility to include not only the quantity, but quality of pleasure, while focusing on rules, instead of individual moral actions.Language EnhancementI. Words and phrases1.<1> C&D <2> A&C <3> C&D <4> A&C <5> C&D<6>C&E <7> C&D <8> B&C <9> A&E <10> C&F2.（1）单日,单一天（2）单身汉（3）挑选出（4）独立地〔只身（5）通常的,常见的（6）共同的（7）〔英国平民院〔下议院（8）宣判有……罪（9）罪犯（10）逃跑（11）分解（12）闯入（13）中断、暂停（14）爆发（15）解体3.<1> major in <2> curious about <3> interact with <4> relate to <5> engage with<6> lead to <7> specialize in <8> conform to <9> based on <10> refrain from4<1> break away from <2> convict of <3> bond with <4> engage in <5> embark on<6> profit from <7> involved in <8> focus on <9> depended on <10> encounterII. Sentences and discourse1.(1)As you learn more about sociology, you will gradually find the linksbetween its individual and separate parts and see the whole picture of sociology.(2)Sociologists’ interests will immediately aroused by seeing any two ormore people with close relationships.(3)You can ponder over the phenomenon that some societies allow andexpect premarital sex while others punish it with banishment and death.(4)Through systematic scientific study, sociologists can fully understandhuman behavior in groups, which is impossible through mere commonsense.(5)Sociology can help us explain "individual" cases more insightfully bylinking them with the crucial social conditions behind them.2.(1)He majored in chemistry when enrolled in while studying in university.(2)Terrorism poses a threat to many countries.(3)While studying overseas, you must interact more with the localpeople/natives.(4)The corruption of some of this country’s officials has sparked publicresentment and protest.(5)Due to his contribution to the company, he negotiated with his boss andrenewed his contract with better conditions.(6)At the age of 16, she published her first poem and embarked on her longjourney to literature.(7)In the process of translating the Chinese classic Journey to the West intoGerman, he encountered many difficult problems.(8)After arriving in Britain, he took a whole month to adapt to the country’srainy climate.(9)Your company should engage more actively in the environmental projectsof the government.(10)T en years ago, he was convicted of robbery.3.社会学家们的不同兴趣促使他们研究许多不同的领域。

Unit 1PART n FOCUSDeno tati on and Conno tati onSuggested an swer to the questi onIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has animplication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderlygentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-agedwoman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g.the plump goddessesof Renaissancepaintings). From this exercise we can con cludethat words that share the same deno tative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanin gs.Refere nee for the Classroom Activities1. father: the male pare nt. It conno tes support and sternn ess; it also conno tesprotect ion but in a serious fashi on.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and tough ness.b. Any way, she has the characteristics of a woma n, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeCollocati onSuggested an swers to the exercisea. do somebody a favorb. do somebody goodc. make a gestured. do evile. do harmf. make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1. 1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower , ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind ) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1. The false friends arelie meaning to keep one's body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your feverrose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ell'as eyebrowsraised.c. Jack has beenlying around all day.d. The soldierslaid aside their weapons.e. A heavy foglay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that tablestationary , or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt 'snot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intensevs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog's so thick; I can't see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundWhe n the subject expresses qua ntityRefere nee for the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the can didates who were able to carry out their campaig n pledges.He was the only one of the can didates who was able to carry out his campaig n pledges.b. What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c. There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. There are hun dredsof applica nts on the wait ing list for the job.Summary1. After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and number as the an tecede nt. (In the sec ond sentence in Pair a, the an tecede nt the only one, not the can didates)2. After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3. In the there-bestructure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number ofthe subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject whe n the first noun or nominal phrase is singular. ________________________ OthersRefere nee for the Classroom Activitiesa. Nobody in town admits seeing him.b. Does anyone want to go with me?c. Are any of you going to the exhibition?d. None works/work so hard as he does.e. Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f. The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meet ing.g. The jury is fin ally complete.h. The jury were divided in their opinions.i. New York Times is his bible.j. Sema ntics is the study of meanin gs.Summary1. In defi nite pronouns such as an ybody, anyone, each, everybody, no body, no one,and somebodyge nerally require a sin gular verb.2. The pronounsany and none take either singular or plural verbs.3. The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a unit, but a plural verb whe n the members of the class are thought of as in dividuals. 5. Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a singu arverb.6. Certa in nouns which are plural in form but sin gular in meaning gen erally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, andwhereaboutsPART IV WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. Notes are the simplest and shortest form of writte n com muni cati on and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addresse—the pers on(s) to whom the n ote is writte n;--the message;--the sen der.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, in formality in style, and dedicati on to a sin gle topic.Sample 2Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, n eed to state the hour or eve n the minu te.2. You can add the word Dear before the addresse' name and a complimentary close.3. A complime ntary close is put before your sig nature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat dow n by the oak tree, enjoying th^reezecomi ng from the lake.d. We n eed todri nk the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woma n receiveda lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our uni versity can accommodate4000 stude nts.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to coun try.2. The writer"sattitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.(2) elapsed (3) attempting (6) made (7) endeavor 4. a. The state attorney said that the man would bperosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should bdeisinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ballfarther than I can.d. We must pursue this mattefrurther.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executivebranches.h. The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done verywell in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., sheadapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-consciousof her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterestedin; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. Shefound people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually , she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expectedto reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the positionhas exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth gradewas/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milkis a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the studentswas at fault.g. He is one of the students whoplan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial. i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoningvary with each individual case.k. He believes that athleticsimproves school morale.l. Up goes the starter 's gun, and each of the runnersbecomestense.m. Either The Times or The Tribuneis a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eyeis the headlines.o. She is one of the women whohave madethis country what it is.3. (1) experienced(5) take up (4) with (8) true。

新视野大学英语1第三版读写教程答案 U1Part ll key to exercisesSection APre-reading activities11B2D3C4A5E21 In fact all the pieces of advice mentioned in the interview are very useful. But if l has to choose one as the most useful, I’d choose “keep a balance". When we were in high school, we spent almost all our time studying. There lacked a balance between social life and academic life in high school. lt's important to keep a balance between life and work because it will give us a sound mind in a sound body, Now we have much more free time, so we can join student organizations or go to different activities.2 Before l left for college my parents did have a talk with me. They told me how important college experience would be in my life. They told me about the opportunities that college education would open up to me. They told me to try to develop more interests and join some student clubs The most impressive advice they gave me was that l should not only read books about my major instead, they advised me to read as widely as possible. All these are very valuable pieces of advice.Scripts:Sarah: Hi l'm Sarah. i'm a student advisor at a university. l know the first year of college is always difficult. You have to adapt to a new environment, and learn to do everything on your own. To help make your transition just a little easier, i'm going to interview some senior students on campus let's see what advice they can give you.Sarah: Hi Jennifer. What do you think is important to a freshman? Jennifer: l think it is very important to go to class regularly. it sounds easy, but oversleeping and missing that 8 o'clock morning class is very common. Try to go to class on time and regularly. You wil learn the material in class, get to know the professors, and make friends with your classmates You will also get important information from the professors about tests and exams.Sarah: Mark, do you agree with Jennifer?Mark: Absolutely. My advice is: Find a good place to study. lt may be your dorm room or a corner of the library or a quiet classroom, but find a place that works best for you to get your work done. If you have trouble concentrating in your dorm, you need to find another place.Sarah: Nancy, what is our advice for freshmen?Nancy: "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." My advice is to get involved on campus. A big problem for a lot of new students is that they miss home and they don't have a sense of belonging. The solution is to join a student organization, or a club, or a sports team. You will make new friends, learn new skills, and feel more connected to your school Sarah: Excellent advice, Nancy. Simon, it seems you have something to say. Simon: Yes, l do. Well, l want to say you should keep a balance. College life is a mixture of social life andacademic life. Don't ioin too many student organizations or go to too many activitiesOtherwise, you won't have enough time to study. Of course, you should not become a bookworm.The key is to keep a balance between fun and study.Sarah: They all give very useful tips. But let me add a few more. Take responsibility for yourseland your actions; take advantage of the learning resources on campus; stay healthy and eat rightI hope you will get the most out of your college experience.Reading comprehensionUnderstanding the text1. The parents reminded their children to work hard and achieve the best they could.2. The president calls on the students to make the most of the great resources on campus: toexplore new subjects, to meet fascinating people, andto pursue new passions.3. By saying “sample them widely", the president mean students should try may different coursesand try something new to see what it is like.4. lf we don't challenge ourselves, we will not become broadly educated people, and we may nofind the passion that will help us shape our future.5. We can learn from the example of'Vera Wang that we should challenge ourselves and bychallenging ourselves, we are more likely to find an interest we don't know we have, and thisinterest may help us build a prosperous future.6. W should not worry, and we should learn to face this new part of our life with enthusiasm.College experiences, pleasant or unpleasant, will provide us with valuable lessons which willenrich our life.7. The expression Now it is your turn" means that now it is time for you to acquire knowledgeand to pass it on.8. The president's welcoming speech is really impressive. He mentions many important thingsabout college life , the resources available on campus, as well as the opportunities we have andthe responsibilities we should take. The speech is very inspiring.。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册课后题答案(完整版)Unit 1 – Section A●Language Focus – Words in Use1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained (confidence) and began to succeed in school.2. It is so difficult to (explore) the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex (emerged) from the water; we were quite scared.4. We often (assume) that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may (pose) a threat to social stability.6. After a(n) (comprehensive) physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural (resources) and a very big population.8. Some people believe that the earth can (yield) enough food to support at least twice its present population.9. Sam (inherited) the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.10. A bee that has found honey is able to (transmit) to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.●Word Building1.cover2.easy3.load4.apply5.resist6.account7.assistant8.simple9.note10.quality11.class 1.uncover2.uneasy3.unload4.applicant5.resistant6.accountant7.assist8.simplify9.notify10.qualify11.classify1. Despite being (classified) as a meat-eater, the panda has a diet that is overwhelmingly vegetarian.2. They have developed computerized systems which will greatly (assist) all library users so that they will not need the help of others.3. Changes have been made to the construction requirements in this city in order to make the buildings and highways more(resistant) to earthquakes.4. After a two-month inquiry, the police have (uncovered) the three men's intention to rob a bank and have arrested them.5. Consumers say they are (uneasy) about using their credit cards over the Internet because they are afraid of Interent fraud.6. A college degree and some working experience should (qualify) you for the job advertised in the newspaper.7. The British ship arrived at the port this morning and is (unloading) its contents in the harbor now.8. As a human resources manager, I see many job (applicants) who are technically skilled, but have bad attitudes.9. The teacher (simplified) his instructions so that the small children could understand him better.10. My major was literature. However, now I'm working in a firm as a(n) (accountant) , dealing with numbers every day.11. The committee's decision will be (notified) to all employees next week.●Banked ClozeUniversity students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1) (classify) them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2) (passion) for learning, those who wish to (3) (attain) a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose.Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4) (pursue) their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5) (virtually) day and night, because they find some computer programs (6) (fascinating), and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates" one day.Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7) (prosperous) future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8) (acquire) knowledge from all of the resources which are (9) (available) to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market.Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10) (sample) anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives.●Language Focus – Expressions in Use1. My family (got by) on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to (make the most of) their time on the way to work.3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeks (in advance) .4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily (over time) .5. In order to (reap the benefits of) the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.6. They all tried to talk (all at once) , but I couldn't hear anything they said.7. Yellow flowers in the field always (1)(remind) me (2)(of) my childhood in the countryside.8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should (stand a chance of) winning the game.9. Research on genes will (open the door to) exciting new medical treatments.10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I (take pleasure in) acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success.●Translation➢英译汉Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructedno philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。

Unit 11.选词填空explore(v.勘探, 探测) transmit(v.传送, 传递, 传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现, 为···所公认) yield(v.产生, 出产, 屈从, 让步) pose(v.摆姿势, 导致) assume(v.认为, 假定, 假设) confidence(n.信任信赖, 自信心) inherit(v.沿袭, 秉承, 继承) comprehensive(a.综合的, 多方面的)1.Given the chance to show his ability, he regainedconfidence and began to succeed in school.2.It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.3.It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared.4.We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.5.There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability.6.After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.7.It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population.8.Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.9.Saminherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.10.A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.2.15选10attain赢得, 获得, 得到 fascinating迷人的, 吸引人fulfill履行, 执行pursue追求, 致力于 available可获得的可利用的 qualify使合适, 合格raise提升, 增加 passion强烈的爱好, 热爱 virtually实际上classify分类归类 acquire获得, 取得, 学到 fashionable流行的especially特别的 sample样品, 标本 prosperous繁荣的University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes.However,a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2)passion for learning, those who wish to (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4)pursue their goal of learning.Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature.Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5)virtually day and night, because they find some computer programs (6)fascinating, and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates" one day. Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7)prosperous future.It seems that the majority of students fall into this group.After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8)acquire knowledge from all of the resources which are (9)available to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal.Theytake courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10)sample anything new or challenging.They have no idea what they will be doing after college.And they may end up with nothing in their lives.3.选词组open the door to 给···以机会 in advance 预先, 提前all at once 同时, 一下子 reap the benefits (of) 得享（某事物）的好处make the most of 最大限度的利用某物 over time逐渐地, 慢慢地get by过活, 活的去 stand a chance (of)有（做成某事）的希望remind ...of 使某人想起 take pleasure in乐于做某事1.My familygot by on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.2.Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most of their time on the way to work.3.In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeksin advance.4.Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily over time .5.In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.6.They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldn't hear anything they said.7.Yellow flowers in the field always remindmeof my childhood in the countryside.8.We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand a chance ofwinning the game.9.Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.10.Every one of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure in acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success.4.翻译Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying t he fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly t hrough the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of h is most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contri bution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socrat ic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of disc ussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of e pistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a stron g foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most col orful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespreadin his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he co nstructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家, 被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。

Book OneUnit One10.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato, Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(认识论) and logic，and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect(宗派).译文：苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。

大学思辨英语教程说明文写作答案Talking about English studying methodsIt’s true that to be a good English learner is every English learner’s dream. I think studying English as studying maths is a wrong mathod. If you only finish English homework every day, you must be not a good English learner. If you only write English words, sentences and paragraphs instead of reading, hearing and thinking, it is impossible to study English well. How to improve English? In my opinion, “Interest” is the key to study lessons well, so I’m sure you should be interested in English at the beginning. Of course, It’s very important also for each English learner to explore learning skills and efficient ways, because it can lead you to success in short term. In the end, I believe everybody who is good at English has a basic method, you should practice as much as possible. Before classes, we must preview the lesson by repeating after the tapes and look up the new words in the dictionaries.When in class, we ought to try all our best to answer the teachers' questions, and it's very useful to keep the texts in mind. I believe I can do it so, in the near future, I must to be a good English learner.刚刚写完，请参考使用~~~~思辨口语与写作(外语教学与研究出版社)Speculative speech and writing (foreign language teaching and Research Press)外语教学与研究出版社大学思辨口语与写作课后答案Four seasons, literary attainment. Our journey, though, we hard thorns, stormy, also want to challenge - such as helpful as resolute. Black and blue, pieces, because we understand life at least challenge is spent, at least we know only challenge to success in life. CompositionIf the time flow, like the sunshine, under trees, we grow slowly and graally mature. In the past years like a river, and the floods, open the gates to me, so that the first challenge scene again clearly emerge in front of me, like it happened yesterdayIt is just the fifth grade, I mind "ambition" can't wait to get a good result, so I try to change their learning methods, listening for each class will be clearly. However, the examination is always not satisfied, the first test scores, but my grades go down. "No doubt, it is not my work!" I think so, and I was not more effort, to work overtime everyday to make up missed lesson, also always works night, with the last rays of sunshine company, and the first rays of the morning, class is waving monkish sorts, only the "heart" learning for learning exam, even only for a time. This way of life, I can run down, but I always believed that there would be a return, paid work a harvest, I'll win the final victory. God always seemed to be against me, and the second test, I still failed. Instant, days, ash, Flowers, thanks, Tea, cold, Heart, cold! Just like a broken wing plane is helpful, could not fly. When he saw the first YouYouRan expression, relaxed, I -- vacant. There are innumerable mark in heart spun: why, why?Oh, I understand, I want a more than others, but neglect to surpass others to surmount oneself, challenge yourself. Brake, days, fine, Flowers, colourful, The rain stopped, People,! Once again I thought up ahead of the dawn, the victory finally move in the exam, I finally made outstanding achievements.At that moment, I experienced the bitterness of challenge and pleasant sensation, never lose through difficulties finally saw the sun.Like light the lamp of snowy day, challenge the deepest heart bloom in the eyes, in anticipation, naturally flush out sincere, confidence and fortitude. But at the moment, the challenge successfully boundless snowflakes into pieces, moist heart at, DiaoKu trees on the green dots, expect the spring.Facing the challenge, resolute, strong.The challenge, smiling, will every minute and second, ooze sweat and expectations,The challenge, like to break the young eagle soar, blue sky!Students will shout "hero" move to the classroom, I want to say congratulations, just discover throat has no noise.。

Unit 1PART II FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication ofa more or less dignified and imposing appearance . an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure . the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes protection butin a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery, spirit,and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities 1.2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e.spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one, s body in a flat position, and lie meaningto say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b.That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella, s eyebrows raised.c.Jack has been lying around all day.d.The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f.White stationery is always appropriate.g.Is that table stationary or can it be moved to another corner of the roomh.It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i.Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3.Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’ s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog' s so thick; I can, t see farther than about five meters. Every day she thinks further and further into depression. PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesWhen the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally tak： a singular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the re,st take a singular or pluralverb, depending on the meaning of the nou or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on the formof the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subjectnoun, the verb shouldtake a singular form though it is plural in meaning,When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out hiscampaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. There are hundreds ofapplicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that, the verb has the same person and number asthe antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pai， a, the antecedent is the only one not the candidates)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in a compoundstructure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number of thesubject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with mec.Are any of you going to the exhibitiond.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one, andsomebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a unit, but aplural verb when the members of the cla are thought of as individuals.ss5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a singular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take a singularverb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics and whereaboutsPART IV WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they are quick,easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee一the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, anddedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may, attimes, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee, s name and a complimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a.The little boy was chicken-hearted.b.The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c.We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d.We need to drink the milk before it sours.e.The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f.The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g.My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h.Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i.Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2.The writer, s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4)with(5)take up (6)made (7)endeavor (8)true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecutedb.We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterestedc.Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d.We must pursue this matter further.e.The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f.All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g.The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j.He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. Inthe proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b.The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c.Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d.Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e.Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f.The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g.He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h.The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i.Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display. j.The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k.He believes that athletics improves school morale.l.Up goes the starter, s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m.Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

《大学思辨英语教程写作1》练习答案-unit 4 truth and interpretation1、Unit 4 Truth and Interpretation Part I: Learning the Skills Activity 1 Review the texts you have read in the previous units. Discuss with your partner which point of view is employed in each text and whether you would have different feelings about these texts if different points of view were employed. Suggestions for instructors: Discuss with students how the point of view change leads to the differences in the narration. Activity 2 Read the following four excerpts and discuss with your partner 。

2、which point of view is employed in each excerpt, whether the difference gives you different feelings toward the same event and how your response is influenced by how much the narrator knows and how objective the narrator is. Activity 3 Narrate an incident in your childhood (either real or made-up) from several points of view: first from your own point of view; next from the point of view of your family; finally from the point of view of a stranger who witnessed the incident. Evaluate which point。

大学思辨英语教材答案Unit 1: Critical Thinking and ArgumentationSection 1: Introduction to Critical ThinkingCritical thinking is a crucial skill that every university student should possess. It involves analyzing and evaluating information, ideas, and arguments in a systematic and logical manner. In this section, we will explore the basics of critical thinking and how it can be applied in various contexts.Section 2: Critical Reading and WritingIn this section, we will delve into the importance of critical reading and writing skills. We will learn how to identify and analyze arguments in texts, as well as how to effectively present our own arguments through writing. Through practice exercises and examples, students will enhance their ability to critically engage with texts and express their thoughts clearly.Section 3: Logical ReasoningLogical reasoning is an essential component of critical thinking. It involves identifying and evaluating the structure of arguments, detecting fallacies, and drawing valid conclusions. In this section, we will explore different types of logical reasoning, such as deductive and inductive reasoning, and how to apply them in real-life situations.Section 4: Analyzing and Evaluating ArgumentsBeing able to analyze and evaluate arguments is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking. In this section, students will learn how to identify the mainclaims, supporting evidence, and underlying assumptions in arguments. They will also develop skills in assessing the credibility and relevance of sources, as well as identifying bias and logical flaws.Unit 2: Persuasive CommunicationSection 1: Introduction to PersuasionEffective persuasion involves the skillful use of language and rhetorical techniques to influence others' opinions or actions. In this section, students will learn about the principles of persuasive communication, such as ethos, pathos, and logos, and how to construct persuasive arguments.Section 2: Understanding AudienceTo effectively persuade others, it is important to understand the needs, values, and beliefs of the target audience. In this section, students will learn how to analyze their audience and tailor their arguments and language accordingly. They will also develop strategies for addressing counterarguments and objections.Section 3: Oral PersuasionOral persuasion plays a significant role in various contexts, such as public speaking and debates. In this section, students will learn how to deliver persuasive speeches, structure arguments effectively, and use rhetorical devices to engage and convince their audience. They will also develop critical listening skills to evaluate and respond to others' persuasive presentations.Section 4: Written PersuasionWritten persuasion is another important aspect of persuasive communication. In this section, students will learn how to craft persuasive essays and opinion pieces. They will explore different organizational patterns and persuasive techniques, such as using evidence and examples, to support their claims. Additionally, students will develop skills in editing and revising their written work for clarity and coherence.Unit 3: Critical Thinking in Everyday LifeSection 1: Critical Thinking in Decision MakingCritical thinking is essential in making informed decisions in our daily lives. In this section, students will learn how to apply critical thinking skills to various decision-making scenarios, such as choosing a major, evaluating job offers, or making ethical choices. They will explore different decision-making models and strategies to enhance their critical thinking ability.Section 2: Media LiteracyIn the era of information overload, media literacy is crucial for effectively navigating and evaluating media messages. In this section, students will learn how to critically assess media content, identify bias and propaganda techniques, and differentiate between reliable and unreliable sources. They will also explore the ethical implications of media consumption and production.Section 3: Problem SolvingCritical thinking is closely linked to problem-solving skills. In this section, students will learn different problem-solving techniques, such as brainstorming, analyzing alternatives, and evaluating potential solutions.They will also develop skills in collaborative problem-solving and decision-making, recognizing the importance of diverse perspectives.Section 4: Ethical ReasoningEthical reasoning requires critical thinking skills to evaluate moral issues and make ethical decisions. In this section, students will explore ethical theories and frameworks, such as utilitarianism and deontology, and apply them to real-life ethical dilemmas. They will develop their ability to critically analyze the consequences and ethical implications of different actions.ConclusionThe university-level critical thinking and argumentation course provides students with the necessary skills to think critically, analyze arguments, and effectively communicate their ideas. By mastering these skills, students will be equipped to succeed not only academically but also in their personal and professional lives.。

Unit3Growth and MaturityPre-class ExplorationSuggestions for instructors:Start the class with one of the pre-class activities and encourage the students to brainstorm of the setting described in the activity and the characters that are appropriate for the specific setting:What would be the key elements in those settings?What adjectives would the students use to describe a specific setting?What images or associations would that specific setting evoke?What would be some“typical”characters in these settings? Transfer to the Skills Section:(45minutes)Highlight the key points in setting section and analyze the setting in the activities.Part I:Learning the SkillsActivity1Read the following story and discuss with your partner the techniques used in developing the character Beaver.Activity2The following two passages are about two best friends,Deanna and Beverly.Read the two passages carefully and discuss with your partner the techniques the authors use to develop the characters in each passage.In Passage2,highlight those sentences that can correspond to the sentences([1],[2],[3]and[4])in Passage1and think about the impact of these differences on readers’impressions of the two characters.Activity3Read the excerpt from“Beauty and the Beast”by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and discuss the following questions with your partner:1)1)What happened to the character?He got lost in a forest and accidentally entered a splendid castle.2)How do you feel about the place that the character accidentally entered?It was like a fairy world.3)What is the role of the setting in this story?The sharp contrast between the snowy forest and the magnificence of the warm and cozy castle showed the readers a different world—a world that magic(or spell)might be working.4)What elements should be considered if you want to write a good setting?CharacterSuggestions for instructors：The settings of the merchant(Beauty’s father)were inReading the first four paragraphs,ask students to underline the words or phrases that indicate the setting such as“the forest,deep snow,bitter frost,only shelter was the hollow trunk of a great tree,howling of the wolves,falling snow covered up every path,rough,slippery”When he started to encounter the magical world:“a splendid castle,no snow had fallen in the avenue of orange trees,covered with flowers and fruits,several splendidly furnished rooms,pleasant warmth of the air,nobody in all this vast and splendid palace,deep silence reigned everywhere,empty rooms and galleries,a room where a clear fire was burning,a couch was drawn up cozily before it…”Ask the students to free write for10minutes about a setting that they are interested in and discuss with in groups about their writing before introducing how to craft an effective setting by offering sensory details.Activity4The following passage is the opening of Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes.The author’s style is very descriptive and detailed,which helps readers picture the story in their mind and fully understand what is happening.Read it and discuss the following questions with your partner: 1)What is the setting?An early morning in Boston.2)What words and phrases describe SOUNDS in this place?Sound:(gulls)scream and quarrel,(cocks)cried,(hens)clucking,(horses)whinnied,(bells) cling-clanged.3)What can you TOUCH in this place?Touch:(gulls)icy(eyes).4)What can you SEE in this place?Sight:Gulls,cocks,cats,horses,cows,the morning sunlight,bells.5)What can you TASTE in this place?Taste:salty air.6)What can you SMELL in this place?Smell:the first dead fish,first bits of garbage,all kinds of animal smells.Activity5The following passages are developed on the basis of the setting“There is an air of mystery in the house.”Read and highlight the words and phrases that describe sounds,feelings,smells and sights,and discuss with your partner how these words and phrases can help demonstrate the character’s inner world in the setting.Passage1I shivered terribly at the sight of the deserted mansion that stood on the hilltop.With much curiosity,I treaded gingerly towards the mansion.Suddenly,I heard a distant howl that pierced through the silent night.At my wit’s end,I slowly walked towards mansion.My face turned ashen and my hair stood on ends when I got a better view of the spooky mansion.The wind sent chills down my spine as I walked slowly towards the gigantic door.Passage2Behind the dark alley,it stood a deserted house.I stood meekly outside the haunted house with my jaws hung open.Suddenly,I saw a silhouette of a person in the house.Shivers ran down my spine as I approached the house cautiously.When I reached the doorstep,I was paralyzed withfear.I muttered uneasily to myself about what was going to happen next as I could feel cold air blowing towards me.My face turned ashen when the door opened itself.Passage3I crept behind the house since the door was left ajar.The whole place was covered with dust and cobwebs.I stood meekly all alone when a big strong wind caused the wooden door to slam hard.I was paralyzed with fear.I picked up my courage and continued walking until I reached a smaller silver door.An eerie scream came from the door and soon,it turned into a howl.I decided to put a brave front and walk into the room…Passage4Benjamin’s hair stood on ends as the eerie scream pierced through the still night.The howling of dogs made him stood meekly.He treaded gingerly through the dark and scary corridor.He saw a trail of bloodstains on the wall and maggots were crawling all over the place.What Benjamin saw later will be forever etched in his mind.It was the toilet’s light flickering.The continuous switching of the switch could be heard even when no visible being could be seen doing it.He then smelt a strong stench of urine coming from the toilet bowl.Activity6Read the following short story“The Flowers”by Alice Walker and discuss the following questions with your partner:1)What is the setting?What are the elements in this setting?The woods behind her house.The elements of the setting include locale of the story(near her home vs.deeper into the woods);time(summer morning);mood and atmosphere (beautiful,light,good,vs.strangeness,gloomy,damp air,close and deep silence).2)How does the setting influence the characterization and the plot?The beautiful and peaceful part of the woods Myop explored was a sharp contrast with what she found deep in the woods—a man’s skeleton,probably a black male who was lynched. 3)What does the author mean by saying“And the summer was over”?The ten-year-old black girl lost her innocence when she witnessed this harsh scene and realized the racism so close to her.Activity7Read the following excerpt from Chapter6of The Secret Garden.Mary went to live with her uncle Mr.Archibald Craven in a big house after her parents died.She was exploring the rooms in the house when she heard someone’s crying.Pay attention to how the setting adds to the mystery of the big house and thus enhances the characterization of another character in the story:Colin Craven,the son of Mr.Craven,who is going to be introduced in the following chapters.Mary spent a long time examining all those many rooms in the big house—which is like a big maze.It showed the portrait of the family members with no one living in any of those rooms.It creates a mysterious and queer feeling as Mary felt.Her wanderings in the house led to more of her discoveries.Suggestions for instructors:Broader setting background:in1803,the territory of United Stated expanded greatly through the Louisiana Purchase.To encourage people move to West,the Homestead Act of1862 guaranteed that a settler could earn farmland just by living on it for five years and improving it.A lot people headed west in their dream of searching for a better life.But it was harder than many people had expected.Part II:Case AnalysisActivity8Read Text A and consider how the author establishes the settings for the story.Task1Understanding the textFigure out the settings for the story and consider how the characters behave in each setting. Then discuss your answers with your partner.Setting1:Mary was picked up.Pa didn’t want her,but Mary stood up to him without fear.Setting2:_When Pa headed to town to get food,Mary was left to take care of the children.Setting3:When the food was all gone,Mary found some mushroom and tried herself first before letting the children eat.Task2Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences.Then discuss your answers with your partner.1)What is the personality of Mary?Independent,responsible,caring,brave,2)How do you think Mary’s character is shown through various settings:a.On prairie,she stood up to Pa without fear when she asked to travel alongb.In the mountains,she helped take care of the girls and cook________c.After Pa left,_she was in charge and risked her own life by trying the mushroom herself first before letting the children eat.3)In your opinion,did the eleven-year-old narrator become“too soon a man”as well?How did his attitude change under various circumstances?a.On prairie,he walked with his dad while his sisters could sit on the wagon.b.He worried about Mary when he understood her intentions of not allowing them to eat.4)What effect do the sentences:“Mary came out of the cabin then,walking sedately.As she came toward us,the sun began to shine”create?These sentences are symbolic,which showed the hope and the positive change in their lives.5)The text has also been published under the title“The Day the Sun Came Out.”Which title do you like better?Why?Answers may vary.6)Have you ever been given more responsibility than is usual for someone your age?Describe your experience being“too soon a woman”or“too soon a man.”How did it change you?(If you prefer,describe an experience someone you know or know about has had.)Answers may vary.Activity9Read Text B and consider the setting the author establishes for the story.What is the role of the setting in developing the story?Task1Understanding the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences.Then discuss your answers with your partner.1)When and where did this story take place?This story is set at nights and in the narrator’s home.2)What did the father do in the darkness?And what did the son do?He would sit in the dark and smoke and think.His son was quite worried about his father. 3)At what point in the story did the son begin to understand his father’s habit?When his father told him that he can’t get used to lights.4)What words or sentences in the story tell the reader that the son was needlessly worrying about his father?He kept asking his father“why don’t you go to bed?”and he was“afraid,worried,angry, curious”and felt“unless I get an answer I will go crazy”,etc.Part III:Language StudyActivity10Read Text A and Text B and find expressions related to five senses(smell,taste,touch,sound and sight)or others(such as emotion).Discuss with your partner how these words are helpful to demonstrate the characters’personalities.Text A Text BSMELL She sliced that big,solidmushroom and heated greasein a pan.The smell of itbrought the little girls out oftheir quilt,TASTE Then she fried slices of themushroom while the little girlsdanced with anxiety.Wefeasted,we three,my sistersand I,…Soon I become thirsty.(I drink a lot of water.)I go to the kitchen for a drink.TOUCH She got up and rummagedaround in the grub box.I climb the steps softly, skipping the ones that creak. He is sitting in the same chair,his elbows on his knees,his cold pipe in his teeth,his unblinking eyes staring straight ahead.SOUND It was near dark when therewas an answer to my yelling,and Mary came into theclearing.The ticking of the alarm clock on the ice box.The low hum of an automobile passing many blocks away.The swish of papers moved along the street by the breeze.A whispering rise and fall of sound,like low breathing.It is strangely pleasant.SIGHT Mary stood in thedoorway for a while,lookingout at the dripping world as ifshe found it beautiful.The dim shadow of light that comes through the window from the street lamp only makes the room seem darker.Mary roasted it in chunks over the fire,half crying with the smoke.The dryness in my throat reminds me.I step briskly into the kitchen.Activity11Read Text A and Text B.Find more examples of concrete words in describing the settings and share with your partner your comments about the effects of these concrete words on the plot of each story.Text A Text BActivity12Look carefully at the picture below and think about how you would describe the house.1)What is your impression of the house respectively when reading these two descriptions?The first is pleasant while the second is spooky.2)Write down some expressions in the two descriptions which help to create the two different atmospheres.DescriptionsDescription1Description2always very pleasant stood alonethick,cold stoneStone which kept out the cold in winter andthe heat in summerWindows shone;doors opened invitingly Roof shone blackly,freezing rain,windowsshook and rattled;doors locked with big,heavy chainsLittle white waves Waves crashed angrily against the cliffCool blue sea,sunny sky Wind blew over the empty fields。

Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom ActivitiesCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundWhen the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teachher a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

Unit 3 Growth and MaturityPre-class ExplorationSuggestions for instructors: Start the class with one of the pre-class activities and encourage the students to brainstorm of the setting described in the activity and the characters that are appropriate for the specific setting: What would be the key elements in those settings? What adjectives would the students use to describe a specific setting? What images or associations would that specific setting evoke? What would be some “typical” characters in thes e settings? Transfer to the Skills Section: (45 minutes)Highlight the key points in setting section and analyze the setting in the activities.Part I: Learning the SkillsActivity 1Read the following story and discuss with your partner the techniques used in developingthe character Beaver.Activity 2The following two passages are about two best friends, Deanna and Beverly. Read the two passages carefully and discuss with your partner the techniques the authors use to develop the characters in each passage. In Passage 2, highlight those sentences that can correspondto the sentences ([1], [2], [3] and [4]) in Passage 1 and think about the impact of these differences on readers’ impressions of the two characters.Activity 3Read the excerpt from “Beauty and the Beast” by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumontand discuss the following questions with your partner:1)1) What happened to the character?He got lost in a forest and accidentally entered a splendid castle.2)How do you feel about the place that the character accidentally entered?It was like a fairy world.3)What is the role of the setting in this story?The sharp contrast between the snowy forest and the magnificence of the warm and cozy castle showed the readers a different world—a world that magic (or spell) might be working.4)What elements should be considered if you want to write a good setting?CharacterSuggestions for instructors：The settings of the merchant (Beauty’s father) were inReading the first four paragraphs, ask students to underline the words or phrases that indicate the setting such as “the forest, deep snow, bitter frost, only shelter was the hollow trunk of a great tree, howling of the wolves, falling snow covered up every path, rough, slippery”When he started to encounter the magical world:“a splendid castle, no snow had fallen in the avenue of orange trees, covered with flowers and fruits, several splendidly furnished rooms, pleasant warmth of the air, nobody in all this vast and splendid palace, deep silence reigned everywhere, empty rooms and galleries, a room where a clear fire was burning, a couch was drawn up cozily before it…”Ask the students to free write for 10 minutes about a setting that they are interested in and discuss with in groups about their writing before introducing how to craft an effective setting by offering sensory details.Activity 4The following passage is the opening of Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes. The author’s styleis very descriptive and detailed, which helps readers picture the story in their mind and fully understand what is happening. Read it and discuss the following questions with your partner: 1)What is the setting?An early morning in Boston.2)What words and phrases describe SOUNDS in this place?Sound: (gulls) scream and quarrel, (cocks ) cried,(hens) clucking, (horses) whinnied, (bells) cling-clanged.3)What can you TOUCH in this place?Touch: (gulls) icy (eyes).4)What can you SEE in this place?Sight: Gulls, cocks, cats, horses, cows, the morning sunlight, bells.5)What can you TASTE in this place?Taste: salty air.6)What can you SMELL in this place?Smell: the first dead fish, first bits of garbage, all kinds of animal smells.Activity 5The following passages are developed on the basis of the setting “There is an air of mysteryin the house.” Read and highlight the words and phrases that describe sounds, feelings, smells and sights, and discuss with your partner how these words and phrases can help demonstrate the character’s inner world in the setting.Passage 1I shivered terribly at the sight of the deserted mansion that stood on the hilltop. With much curiosity, I treaded gingerly towards the mansion. Suddenly, I heard a distant howl that pierced through the silent night. At my wit’s end, I slowly walked towards mansion. My face turned ashen and my hair stood on ends when I got a better view of the spooky mansion. The wind sent chills down my spine as I walked slowly towards the gigantic door.Passage 2Behind the dark alley, it stood a deserted house. I stood meekly outside the haunted house with my jaws hung open. Suddenly, I saw a silhouette of a person in the house. Shivers ran down my spine as I approached the house cautiously. When I reached the doorstep, I was paralyzed withfear. I muttered uneasily to myself about what was going to happen next as I could feel cold air blowing towards me. My face turned ashen when the door opened itself.Passage 3I crept behind the house since the door was left ajar. The whole place was covered with dust and cobwebs. I stood meekly all alone when a big strong wind caused the wooden door to slam hard.I was paralyzed with fear. I picked up my courage and continued walking until I reached a smaller silver door. An eerie scream came from the door and soon, it turned into a howl. I decided to put a brave front and walk into the room…Passage 4Benjamin’s hair stood on ends as the eerie scream pierced through the still night. The howling of dogs made him stood meekly. He treaded gingerly through the dark and scary corridor. He saw a trail of bloodstains on the wall and maggots were crawling all over the place. What Benjamin saw later will be forever etched in his mind. It was the toilet’s light flickering. The continuous switching of the switch could be heard even when no visible being could be seen doing it. He then smelt a strong stench of urine coming from the toilet bowl.Activity 6Read the following short story “The Flowers” by Alice Walker and discuss the following questions with your partner:1)What is the setting? What are the elements in this setting?The woods behind her house. The elements of the setting include locale of the story (near her home vs. deeper into the woods); time (summer morning); mood and atmosphere (beautiful, light, good, vs. strangeness, gloomy, damp air, close and deep silence).2)How does the setting influence the characterization and the plot?The beautiful and peaceful part of the woods Myop explored was a sharp contrast with what she found deep in the woods—a man’s skeleton, probably a bl ack male who was lynched. 3)What does the author mean by saying “And the summer was over”?The ten-year-old black girl lost her innocence when she witnessed this harsh scene and realized the racism so close to her.Activity 7Read the following excerpt from Chapter 6 of The Secret Garden. Mary went to live with her uncle Mr. Archibald Craven in a big house after her parents died. She was exploring the rooms in the house when she heard someone’s crying. Pay attention to how the setting adds to the mystery of the big house and thus enhances the characterization of another character in the story: Colin Craven, the son of Mr. Craven, who is going to be introduced in the following chapters.Mary spent a long time examining all those many rooms in the big house—which is like a big maze. It showed the portrait of the family members with no one living in any of those rooms. It creates a mysterious and queer feeling as Mary felt. Her wanderings in the house led to more of her discoveries.Broader setting background: in 1803, the territory of United Stated expanded greatly through the Louisiana Purchase. To encourage people move to West, the Homestead Act of 1862 guaranteed that a settler could earn farmland just by living on it for five years and improving it. A lot people headed west in their dream of searching for a better life. But it was harder than many people had expected.Part II: Case AnalysisActivity 8Read Text A and consider how the author establishes the settings for the story.Task 1 Understanding the textFigure out the settings for the story and consider how the characters behave in each setting. Then discuss your answers with your partner.Setting 1: Mary was picked up. Pa didn’t want her, but Mary stood up to him without fear.Setting 2: _When Pa headed to town to get food, Mary was left to take care of the children.Setting 3: When the food was all gone, Mary found some mushroom and tried herself first before letting the children eat.Task 2 Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner.1)What is the personality of Mary?Independent, responsible, caring, brave,2)How do you think Mary’s character is shown through various settings:a.On prairie, she stood up to Pa without fear when she asked to travel alongb.In the mountains, she helped take care of the girls and cook________c.After Pa left, _she was in charge and risked her own life by trying the mushroom herself first before letting the children eat.3)In your opinion, did the eleven-year-old narrator become “too soon a man” as well? How did his attitude change under various circumstances?a.On prairie, he walked with his dad while his sisters could sit on the wagon.b.He worried about Mary when he understood her intentions of not allowing them to eat.4)What effect do the sentences: “Mary came out of the cabin then, walking sedately. As she came toward us, the sun began to shine” create?These sentences are symbolic, which showed the hope and the positive change in their lives.5)The text has also been published under the title “The Day the Sun Came Out.” Which title do you like better? Why?Answers may vary.6) Have you ever been given more responsibility than is usual for someone your age? Describe your experience being “too soon a woman” or “too soon a man.” How did it change you? (If you prefer, describe an experience someone you know or know about has had.)Answers may vary.Activity 9Read Text B and consider the setting the author establishes for the story. What is the role of the setting in developing the story?Task 1 Understanding the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner.1)When and where did this story take place?This story is set at nig hts and in the narrator’s home.2)What did the father do in the darkness? And what did the son do?He would sit in the dark and smoke and think. His son was quite worried about his father. 3)At what point in the story did the son begin to understand his fat her’s habit?When his father told him that he can’t get used to lights.4)What words or sentences in the story tell the reader that the son was needlessly worrying about his father?He kept asking his father “why don’t you go to bed?” and he was “afraid, w orried, angry, curious” and felt “unless I get an answer I will go crazy”, etc.Part III: Language StudyActivity 10Read Text A and Text B and find expressions related to five senses (smell, taste, touch, sound and sight) or others (such as emotion). Discuss with your partner how these words are helpful to demonstrate the characters’ personalities.Text A Text BSMELL She sliced that big, solidmushroom and heated greasein a pan. The smell of itbrought the little girls out oftheir quilt,TASTE Then she fried slices of the Soon I become thirsty. (I drinkmushroom while the little girls a lot of water.) I go to thedanced with anxiety. We kitchen for a drink.feasted, we three, my sistersand I, …TOUCH She got up and rummaged I climb the steps softly,around in the grub box. skipping the ones that creak.He is sitting in the same chair,。

Unit 1PART II FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly)- However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable niiddle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings- Reference for the Classroom Activities1. father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1)D2)D3)A4)B5)C6)C7)BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one's body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b.That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella's eyebrows raised.c.Jack has been lying around all day.d.The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e.A heavy fog lay over the land.f.White stationery is always appropriate.g.Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h.It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i.Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3.Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt's not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog's so thick; I can't see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb Agreement When the subject is compoundWhen the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one. andsomebody generally require a singular verb-2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as aunit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals. 5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a singularverb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, andwhereabouts.PART IV WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:—the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;—the message;—the sender.3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may,at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee's name and a complimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a.The little boy was chicken-hearted.b.The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c.We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d.We need to drink the milk before it sours.e.The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f.The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g.My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h.Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i.Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2.The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4.a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b.We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c.Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d.We must pursue this matter further.e.The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f.All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g.The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j.He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b.The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c.Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d.Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e.Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f.The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g.He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h.The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i.Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j.The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k.He believes that athletics improves school morale.L Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。

写作教程第一册部分答案(Units1~3)Unit 1Part IV Writing Notes (1)Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communicationand they are quick, easy and convenient.2.A note has three essential components:①the addressee--the person(s)to whom the note is written; ②the message; ③the sender3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, anddedication to a single topic.Part V Follow-up Exercises1.1)mouse-hearted→chicken-heart 2)politician→statesman 3)wind→breeze 4)utilize→drink 5)ascertaining→finding 6)was bombarded with→received a lot of 7）opened→drew back 8）contain→accommodate 9）habits→customs3.1) experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true4. 1) The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.2) We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.3) Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.4) We must pursue this matter further.5) The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.6) All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.7) The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.8) The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.9) (correct)10) He was awaked to the risk.Unit 2Colloquial and slangSuggested answers to the questionsThe grotesqueness of this sentence lies in the incongruity of style. The word bomb is a slang expression that is too casual to go with the subject, and the sentence can be revised into: The violin virtuoso’s performance on the cello was a big failure.The revised short paragraph: The author has made a lifetime’s study of film history, and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense of judgment. She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror films. These films, according to her, do much more than just frighten us; they enable us to forget our worries.Style and audienceSuggested answers to the questionsThe expected reader of Excerpt 1 is a pal of the person who leaves the note, so the language is colloquial.The reader of Excerpt 2 does not have an intimate relationship with the writer of the note. They might be business associates, for example. The language stands somewhere between formal and informal but more on the formal side.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy,notify us in writing as soon as possible. Y ou can give tis notice to any of our authorized agents.2.(omitted)3.The first excerpt is colloquial and the two persons may be friends orcolleagues.The second excerpt is rather formal and the two persons may be colleagues.The third is the most formal. Actually it is taken from a report and the writer may be the head of the department.Point of viewRevised version 1When people read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects them. Of course, they feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from them and because they don’t affect their own life, they are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed their own close friends, they would be more emotionally upset.Revised version 2When we read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects us. Of course, we feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from us and because they don’t affect our own life, we are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed our close friends, we would be more emotionally upset.Notice while the first version is comfortable and respectable, the second one involves the audience more effectively and directly because of the use of the pronoun we. The pronoun you can also achieve the same effect in this paragraph.Part IV WritingSample 1 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept.8Dear Aunt Jenny,Thank you so much for the lovely robot dog you give me. It is just what I’ve dreamed of for ages. Y ou really know me. Thanks again for the wonderful gift.Y ours,RoseSample 2 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept. 12Lucy,I got a ticket for you to the Arts Festival on Sept. 18 at Yifu Auditorium, as we have discussed before. I’ll arrange for a car to bring you here at 4:00 p.m. Give me a ring and tell me if you are coming or not. Thanks.JennyPart V Follow-up Exercises1.1）In this excerpt, Liza’s style is all but appropriate for the occasion.At the beginning, she chooses a formal and affected style but later slides to colloquial and finally slang expressions. The other characters at the scene use general and colloquial vocabulary that is appropriate for the context.2) No. Here the obvious switch from a formal to a highly colloquialstyle shows Liza in a transitional stage. She does not see that her learned comment on the weather is inappropriate. And when the subject changes into influenza, she forgets she is supposed to be a lady and reverts to(回归) her natural speech, which incidentally is much more expressive and colorful than her phony formality（假装正式）.2. 1) play a minor role/be a uility man 2)That’s Greek to me. 3)belated action/advice 4)Where there is smoke there’s fire. 5)an evil creature 6)walk into the trap 7)on e’s face glowing with health3. 1) We must practice economy./ We must reduce unnecessary expenditure.2) It is essential to control environmental pollution.3) We must arrive at the station on time.4) Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.5) We must speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.6) To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet twoconditions: the profits must be legal, and they must not be excessive.7) During the period of the Tenth Five-Y ear Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead, we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version: Women’s RightsIn feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair. Husban and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t do it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that, they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather thantheir appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5.1)me2) who 3)I 4)me/myself 5)me 6)each other’s 7)who 8)us9)whom 10)some 11)one’s 12)his 13)his 14)his, his6. 1) We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of ive, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.”We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher. If we seem different from the other students, we are treated differently, and these differences could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion, and so forth. Right from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.Unit 3Part IIConciseness Classroom activities2. 1) Xianming High School has a faculty that do their jobs well.2) One of the requirements is a term paper of three thousand words on asubject of your choice.3) College is difficult to adjust to because you are left on your own tosolve many problems.4) A career in the Army has both advantages and disadvantages. So doesthe return to the civilian life from the military.5) Teenage pregnancy has created a lot of controversy.Preciseness Classroom activities1. 1) Kate said she had an boring time at the homecoming party.2) I think Mr Brown is an unconvincing speaker.3) The husband gave the wife a diamond necklace for her bithday.4) There are certain traits I look for in judging a person’s character.Effectiveness Classroom activities1.1) Jo’s mouth: decidedher nose: comicalher eyes: sharp, gray, fierce, funny, thoughtfulher hair: long, thickher shoulder: roundher hands and feet: big2) Awkward colt is repetitious as the word colt carries the sense of awkwardness already. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a modifierher.Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little WomenLouisa May Alcott(1832-1888)路易莎·梅·奥尔科特是一位美国女作家。

Unit 2 Empathy and JusticePre-class exploration2. Look at the people around you. Select one of them and make a carefulobservation of this person such as his or her appearance, clothing, hairstyle, facialexpression and behavior (such as chewing gum or typing a text message). As youlook at the person, what general impression do you get? Do you like his or her lookor not? Does the person make you smile, chuckle, frown or feel annoyed? Then writedown your observations and discuss them with your partner. Suggestions for instructors: 1The in structor can ask stude nts to describe some one in class in detail and let the others guess who that person is.2The instructor can provide some pictures from newspapers or magazines so that the students can use those as discussion materials. Ask one group to describea certain character in words and another group to draw the characterbased on the description.Part I: Learning the SkillsActivity 1 Beaver Goes ShoppingRead the following story and discuss with your partner the techniques used in developing the character Beaver.What Beaver saysBeaver talked to d if fere nt animals about what food to buy. He comm un icated with several animals about his food・What Beaver doesBeaver talked and acted and kept trying d if fere nt food after listening to d iff ere nt people's advice. What Beaver thinks and feelsHe felt sad ( unhappy) when he couldn〃t find the food he wanted and happy when he got the carrots.Activity 2The following two passages are about two best friends, Deanna and Beverly. Read thetwo passages carefully and discuss with your partner the techniques the authors useto develop the characters in each passage. In Passage 2, highlight those sentences thatcan correspond tothe sentences ([1], [2], [3] and [4]) in Passage 1 and think about theimpact of these differences on readers' impressions of the two characters.The technique here is whether using show!ng or telling in character development. While the first uses telling, the second mostly used showing with spec讦ic details and dialogues・Part II: Case AnalysisActivity 3Read Text A and consider how the author keeps moving the plot of the story forward. What techniques are employed to develop the characters?Task 1 Understanding the textCharacter(s):A policeman, the man waiting for his friend.Setting:Adimly-lightedstreet corner in New York at a chilly night・Plot:Beginning: A policeman was patrolling the street.Middle: The man who was waiting for his friend talked to the policeman.Ending: The man tur ned out to be a man wan ted by the police.Point of view:Objective third point of view.Theme:Justice comes before friendship・Task 2 Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers withyour partner. 1)What had happened in the past 20 years to Jimmy and Bob?Jimmy became a policeman while Bob got rich by involving in criminal activities.2)What kind of person was Jimmy in the eyes of Bob? Could you imagine Bob'sfeeling while he was waiting for Jimmy?Jimmy was a nice and honest guy. He was excited and proud that he had been "successful".3)How did Jimmy deal with the awkward situation?He did not reveal his real identity.4)If you were Jimmy, how would you deal with the awkward situation?Answers may vary.Activity 4Read Text B and consider how the author presents the change of the Selfish Giant.What techniques are employed to develop the character Giant?Task 1 Understanding the textComplete the chronological outline of the text. Include the most important events in the story.1)Children liked to play in the Giant's garden.2)One day the Giant came back and put a sign up to keep the garden to himself •3)Then the Giant had a long winterandspringnever came・4)One morning the Giant heard some lovely music and saw a most wonderful sight.5)Every after no on, whe n school was over, the childre n came and played withthe Giant.6)Years went over, and the Giant grew very old and feeble.7)On e win ter morni ng he looked out of his win dow he found a tree covered with lovely white blossomsand underneath it stood the little boy he had loved・8)Whe n the children ran in that after no on，they found the Giant lying dead un der the tree, all covered with white blossoms.Task 2 Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner. 1)Why was the Giant unhappy to see the children playing in his garden when he cameback from his visit to his frie nd? Have you ever see n a similar phe no men on in your life?He thought the garden was his and he did not want to share it with others・2)How did the author present the Giant's realization of his selfishness?Through a monologue "my own garden is my own gardeand his action of putting a no trespassing sign.3)What did the Giant gain by allowing the children to play in his garden?He gained happiness.4)What role did the little boy play in the development of the story?The little boy changed the selfish giant into a loving giant and as a symbolic figure(angel); he was very important.Part III: Language StudyActivity 5Read Text A and Text B and find more examples of concrete language and figurative language. Then discuss their functions with your partner.Activity 6The following sentences are developed from the sentence Sheila replied, "I don't know where he/s//With different concrete details, Sheila becomes different kinds of person. Discuss with your partner your understanding of what kind of person Sheila is in each context.1)Sheila rolled her eyes and sighed loudly, then threw up her hands in exasperation and replied curtly, "I don't know where he is."Sheila was quick-tempered・2)Staring blankly out of the window, Sheila exhaled softly, closed her eyes for a moment and replied,"I dorft know where he is."Sheila was gentle・3)Sheila stared at her mother, teary-eyed, shuddering with fear, and sobbingly replied, "I don't know where he is."Sheila was timid /fearful.4)Sheila continued to pass the items over the seanner，staring down at the counter, and without eve n looki ng at the customer, replied in d iff ere ntly, "I dorft know where he is."Sheila was impolite.Activities 7-8Suggestions for instructors:These two activities would help students to practice the characterization skills as well as characterizati on through con Crete and/or figurative Ian guage.We suggest that the teacher could ask students to work on the two activities themselves first. If in class, the teacher could ask students to select one task from each activity and work in pair about 10 minutes. Then the teacher could ask students to share their work and arrange the whole class to appreciate their writing.More examples for Activity 8The old woman looked old and sad.A.Whe n I came out of the trai r\ I heard some one sobbi ng. I headed towards the directi on whereby the sobbing came from. I spotted an old woman with wrinkled skin and silver hair. She had teeth that had yellowed with age・ She also looked miserable and gloomy. The old woman was sitting in a humid corner whereby no one cared about her. As I went closer to her, I could see tears streaming down her face・ I realized that she was hunched-back・ I could tell from her appearance that she was a burden to her family.B.The frail-looking lady inched forward like she only had a limited space to move her feet. From a far distanee, I could see her wrinkled skin and her teeth that had yellowed with age・She looked cheerless with sunken eyes and cheeks・ Her sinewy hands looked like she had worked hard for many years・ She looked really feeble and seemed like she could not even swat a fly without missing it. Her silvery hair was no Ion ger bright and shiny, but in stead it was dull. Her face was gloomy and her smile was gone・ She hunched her back and took a couple of steps forward・ She looked up in dismay and sighed.If time permits, the instructor can ask students to work in groups and list five ways to show that a person is sad, or angry or happy.For example:On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I felt repe ntance and sorrow . — The Story of My LifeHe stopped, distracted, seeing that his wife was weeping. Two great tears ran slowly from the corners of her eves toward the corners of her mouth.—The Diamond Necklace。

Unit 1 Life and ValuePre-class Exploration1 Make up your own story with the following words.1) apple, 2) alligator, 3) angry, 4) ambulance, 5) apologizeWhen I was enjoying my apple pie in the park, I heard a cry for help. It looked like an angry alligator was going to attack a naughty boy who got too close, now frightened. The police and ambulance were called but fortunately the alligator swam away. The boy thanked everyone and apologized for his misbehavior.The ambulance left and the parents were still angry with the naughty boy who could have been killed by attacking the alligator with an apple core. The boy apologized to his parents that he would never do it again.2 Read the fable “Hare and the Tortoise” on Page 5 and 6 and complete the following outline.1. Introduction of characters_Hare&Tortoise ______________2. The bet_Tortoise challenged Hare to have a race.__________3. The beginning of the race_Hare raced off while Tortoise crawled slowly behind._____4. The middle of the race_Hare stopped to took a nap while Tortoise kept going._5. The end of the raceWhen Hare woke up, he ran as fast as he could, but Tortoise passed the finishing line first.__ 6. The moral of the story_Perseverance is the key to success.__________________________Part I: Learning the SkillsActivity 1Read the following passage and analyze it in terms of character(s), setting, plot, point of viewActivity 2Make notes about an important event in your life. Then discuss in small groups. Suggestions for instructors ：Students share some events in their life, discuss it and then can select the most interesting story and talk about the reason of what makes it most interesting.Activity 3The following narrative passage by Jimmy Carter describes his childhood experience-mopping cotton on his father’s farm during the 1930s. To kill insects that ate cotton plants, Carter’s family covered each cotton plant with molasses mixed with poison.Task 1 Understanding the textWrite T for true or F for false for each statement._F_ 1) Carter wore shorts when he mopped cotton._T_ 2) The poison turned from a liquid to a solid on his pants._F_ 3) Carter folded his pants every night before he went to sleep._F 4) Carter washed his pants with his other clothes.Task 2 Responding to the textAnswer the following questions in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner.1) Carter wrote “I preferred to protect my legs with long pants.” Why was this necessary?It would protect his legs from the sticky poison.2) Was this a comfortable job? Why or why not? How do you think Carter felt about it?It was very uncomfortable because the pants were sticky at first and hardened after a while and it was covered with poison. He felt “terrible” to put them back on in the morning.3) Why do you think mopping cotton was an important formative experience for Carter?It was hard work and he learned to deal with it from young.Part II: Case AnalysisActivity 4Read Text A and consider how the author presents the most important day in her life.Task 1 Understanding the textComplete the following chronological outline for the text. Include the most important events in it. Add adjectives whenever possible.1) Helen met Miss Sullivan on the third of March, 1887.2) Miss Sullivan led Helen into her room, gave Helen a doll and spelled into her hand d-o-l-l.3) Miss Su llivan put Helen’s hands under spout and spelled into her hand w-a-t-e-r.4) An awareness of the live meaning of “w-a-t-e-r” awakened Helen’s soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free!Task 2 Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner.1) Why did Helen often feel angry and bitter before she met Miss Sullivan?She could not see nor hear anything.3) What was Helen’s reaction when Miss Sullivan first spelt the word “d-o-l-l” into her hand?She was interested in this figure play and imitated it.4) What impact did this “w-a-t-e-r” incident have on Helen’s life?It is the start of her education, the life-changing event in her life.Activity 5Read Text B and think about how the story is developed.Task 1 Understanding the textComplete the following chronological outline for the text. Include the most important events in it. Add adjectives whenever possible.1) Mathilde felt sad because she was poor.2) Mathilde’s husband got a select invitation to a ball_______.3) Mathilde was irritated about the news.4) Mathilde’s husband agreed to give her _400 francs to buy a suitable gown____.5) Matilde borrowed a diamond necklace from her friend.6) Mathilde was a great success at the night of the ball.7) She left the ball about four o’clock in the morning_______.8) Mathilde found that she lost_the diamond necklace________.9) Mathilde and Loisel bought a diamond necklace, returned it to Madame Forestier _ and had a hard life since then.10) Ten years later, _Mathilde learned the diamond necklace she had borrowed was not real___.Task 2 Responding to the textWrite your answer to each question in full sentences. Then discuss your answers with your partner.1) Why was Mathilde so unhappy at the beginning of the story?Young and good-looking as she was, she yearned for a luxurious life, but she was married to a government clerk with limited income. Her life was far from her expectations.2) What was her reaction when she learned of the invitation to the ball? Why?She was frustrated as she did not have a proper gown to wear to the ball.3) How did her life change due to the loss of the necklace?She and her husband paid 3400 francs for a diamond necklace that she could return it to Madame Forestier. They had to work very hard and lead a miserable life in order to pay off the debts.4) What was the primary ca use of Mathilde’s misfortune in your view?The primary cause of Mathilde’s misfortune is her vanity and desire for a luxurious life. Unsatisfied with her plain life as a clerk’s wife, she was eager to show her beauty at the grand ball, earning admiration from others.5) How do you judge Mathilda’s behavior from an ethical perspective?Answers may vary. For example, Mathilda was honest because she bought a real diamond necklace when she thought the one she lost was real and she was willing to work hard for ten years to pay off the debt—a high price to pay for her vanity but on the other hand, it showed her courage.Part III: Language StudyActivity 7Activity 8Read Text A and Text B again, find out two more examples with concrete details from each text, and discuss your examples with your partner.Example 1:General: Do you know what it feels like if you can’t see and hear?Specific:Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.Example 2:General:I was so happy that day that I looked forward to the next day to come when I went to bed. Specific:It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close ofthe eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.Example 3:General: Madame Loisel was pretty and attracted lots of attention at the ball.Specific:The night of the ball arrived. Madame Loisel was a great success. She was prettier than any other woman present, elegant, graceful, smiling and wild with joy. All the men looked at her, asked her name, sought to be introduced. All the attaches of the Cabinet wished to waltz with her. She was remarked by the minister himself.Example 4:General: She had to do all the housework herself.Specific:She came to know what heavy housework meant and the odious cares of the kitchen. She washed the dishes, using her dainty fingers and rosy nails on greasy pots and pans. She washed the soiled linen, the shirts and the dishcloths, which she dried upon a line; she carried the slops down to the street every morning and carried up the water, stopping for breath at every landing.。

4Unit 1 Life and logic Text B 课后习题Words in usehypothesis trigger formulate threshold decay incidence obscure refute realm testimony1.Hundreds of endangered sea turtles were found dead along the coast last week, triggering concerns about pollution andlocal fishing practices.上周，数百只危海色被发现死在海岸上，这引发了人们对于环境污染和捕鱼作业的关注。

2. During World War Ⅱ, very often heavy clouds would completely obscure the target area, causing the bombs to be dropped in quite the wrong places sometimes.第二次世界大故期间，由于经常被阴云笼罩，因此変炸机看不清目标区域，导致很多炸弹被投到了错误的地点。

3. After the experiment, scientists will wait to see what will happen in these children when they grow up and to see whether the result will support their hypothesis.实验过后，科学家们继续观察这些孩子成长过程中发生的变化，看看结果是否支持他们的假设。

4. At present, it is difficult to formulate an appropriate plan that is systematic and can be widely accepted by economists in the market place.目前，很难制定出一个系统的并且被经济学家们所认可的合适的市场方案。