英文版澳大利亚介绍 The Commonwealth of Australia

【英语国家概况】general survey of Australia澳大利亚概况Commonwealth of Australia? 国名:澳大利亚联邦(Commonwealth of Australia)首都:堪培拉面积:7,682,300.00 平方公里人口:2112万人(2007年10月)语言:英语，土著语言，澳大利亚的官方语言是英语。

货币:澳元民族:英国及其他欧洲国家移民后裔占95.2%，亚洲人占1.3%，土著民族占1.5%，其它民族占2%。

宗教:25%的国民没有宗教信仰，圣公会教徒占21%，罗马天主教教徒占27%，其他基督教教派占21%，其他宗教信仰者占6%。

Map of AustraliaMap of AustraliaAustralia: Flag and AnthemThe Commonwealth of Australia1. 澳大利亚一词，意即―南方大陆‖，欧洲人在,,世纪初叶发现这块大陆时，误以为这是一块直通南极的陆地，故取名―澳大利亚‖，australia 即由拉丁文terraaustralis (南方的土地)变化而来。

2. Name:澳大利亚联邦(The Commonwealth of Australia)3. National Flag:呈横长方形，长与宽之比为,?,。

旗地为深蓝色，左上方是红、白―米‖字，―米‖字下面为一颗较大的白色七角星。

旗地右边为五颗白色的星，其中一颗小星为五角，其余均为七角。

澳大利亚为英联邦成员国，英国女王为澳大利亚的国家元首。

国旗的左上角为英国国旗图案，表明澳大利亚与英国的传统关系。

一颗最大的七角星象征组成澳大利亚联邦的六个州和联邦区(北部地区和首都直辖区)。

五颗小星代表南十字星座(是南天小星座之一，星座虽小，但明亮的星很多)。

为―南方大陆‖之意，表明该国处于南半球。

4. National Anthem :澳大利亚国徽左边是一袋鼠，右边是一只鸸鹋，这两种动物均为澳大利亚所特有，是国家的标志，民族的象征，中间是一个盾，盾面上有六组图案分别象征这个国家的六个州。

澳大利亚英文介绍AustraliaThe Commonwealth of AustraliaThe name Australia derived from the Latin austral is, meaning “southern“. Since the early 20th century, the country has been referred to as Aussie is common colloquially, as an adjective and a noun referring to an Australian.Geography一.*****HYit stretch from 10 to 44 south of latitude and 113 east to 154 east of longitude. It is surrounded by the Tasman [tzm n] Sea(塔斯曼海(在澳大利亚和新西兰之间) )and the Pacific Ocean to the east, by the Indian Ocean to the west, by the Coral Sea(珊瑚海), the Arafura Sea(阿拉弗拉海)and Timor Sea(帝汶海)to the north, and the Southern Indian Ocean and the Great Australian Bight(澳大利亚海湾)to the south. the highest point: Mount Kosciusko(科西阿斯克山峰)_(2,225 meters high)1.Location and sizeolocation:Area:-----7.7 million square kilometers ----- The world's smallest continent and sixth largest country by total area, Australia C owing to its size and isolation is often dubbed the 'island continent and variably considered the world's largest island. ----Australia has 34,218 kilometers of coastline (excluding all offshore islands)2.Geographic regions---The Eastern highlands ---The Central-Eastern lowlands ---The Western Plateau ---the outback usually refer to the interior and the center of the Western Plateau and its northern plains, ---the Red Center an area with red-brown and tan soils in theheart of the country. the Great Western Plateau: a vast upland made of ancient rock; a land rather flat and about 300 meters above sea level, the interior of the plateau made up of the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson Desert, the Great Victoria Desert and the Nullarbor Plai ----- the Eastern Highlands: ----- the Great Diving Range * * * the Australian Alps, the highest plateau in Australia; *** Mount Kosciusko, the highest peak in Australia, *** The longest river in Australia: the Murray (2,520 km), form the major part of the boundary between the states of New South Wales and Victoria before it enters the sea in South Australia. -----the central Lowlands: Laky Eyre regarded as Australia's largest lake.3.Climate--- factors that affect Australia's climate (1) a hot continent (2) a dry continent (3) causes of the hot and dry climate: ---- latitude: most of Australia lies between 20 to 35 south; ---- Australia has few mountains; ----the air masses that affect Australia for most of the year are dry,sunny and high pressure cells. ----distance from the ocean also affects the weather. ----effects of the hot and dry climate:a great effect on vegetation.---It claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometers (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory ---It is influenced by ocean currents, including the India Ocean Dipole and the Southern Oscillation4.Major cities--- Canberra Sydney , Melbourne, Brisbane , Perth , Adelaide , Darwin二. *****1.It is estimated to have begun between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago --It is begin with the arrival of the Aborigines --three regions a. Northern coast b. The southeast c. Tasmania 2.Discovery and Exploration --the Dutch chartered the whole of the western and northern coastlines, named Holland, during 17th century3.European SettlementLate 18th and early 19th centuries The Industrial Revolution transformed the country from a largely rural society to a town-centered . -----The rapid population growth ------The rising crime rate ------The colonies’ establishThe first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent were attributed to the Dutch navigator Willem Jan zoon who sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula on an unknown date in early 1606. On 26 February 1606, he made landfall at the Penne father River on the western shore of Cape York, near the modern town of Weip0061During the 17th century, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines of "New Holland", but made no attempt at settlement. In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast of Australia, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great BritainCook's discoveries prepared the way for establishment of a new penal colony. The British Crown Colony of New South Wales was formed on 26 January 1788, when Captain Arthur Phillip led the First Fleet to Port Jackson. This date became Australia's national day, Australia Day Van Die men’s Land now known as Tasmania, was settled in 1803 and became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the western part of Australia in 1828T he composition of Australia‘s population(a) Aboriginals(and Torres Islander people (b) Immigrants and their descendents; (c) influence of Britain: many aspects such as their language, system of government, the Australian flag, legal system, sports, family and place names and even school system (including school uniforms) (d)population distribution: one of the most urbanized countries in the world (80% live in suburbs of coastal cities and towns, with most of these in the narrow coastal strip between Brisbane and Adelaide (e) The main reason: an environmental reason;4. colonizationa. It is traditionally believed that the British colonization of Australia is the 18th century was because the British government wanted to transport convicts there. b. In the 1850sbecame a period of great economic expansion in Australia due to gold rush.5.The road Toward Federation On January 1,1901,the commonwealth of Austria came into being. A federal government was formed to govern all Austria.6. Austria in the 20th Century a. In World War 1, Austria followed British's Lead and declared war on Germany.b. the Austria-New Zealand force called the Anzacs fought many battles and by 1916,Anzac Day was being celebrated, which remains Austria's most important holiday.c.there was optimism and economic growth in the 1920s, but inn 1929, Austria was also in serious economic and social difficulties. d. Austria joined World War Two and fought against Germany . e. From 1950 to 1966, there was a boom in economic growth under M enzies’s rule.Government and ernmen The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional democracy based on a federal division of powers. The form of government used in Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government a. the commonwealth of Austria is a federation, formed in 1901. b. Austria federation has a three-tier system of government : The federal parliament and government Six State parliaments and governments About 900 local governments c. British's monar ch is also Austria ‘s and represented by the Governor General and six State governors.2.The constitutionAustria has a written constitution . The constitution can be changed only by referendum, that is by a majority of States. The constitution is based on the principle of federalism and the principle of responsible government.3. Parliament It consists the Queen and two House of Parliament:the House of Representatives {the Lower House} and the Senate {the Upper House }. ------Each number of the House of Representatives represents a special area of Australia. ------The Senate is in Australia an elected house. 4.The Legislature------The parliament of the Commonwealth is the federal legislature of Australia. 5.The Executive a. It consists of the Prime Minister and other members of the ministry.b. The cabinet ,which is made up of the most senior and experienced ministers, is the major decision-making body in the government.6.The JudiciaryIt includes the High Court of Australia {the most superior}, the Federal Court of Australia {established in 1977 } and the Family Court of Australia dealing with marriage problems.]7.Political Parties# Three major political parties: a. the Labor Partyb. the Liberal Partyc. the National Party。

AustraliaThe basic general situation and some natural features about AustraliaThe geographical locationAustralia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, it's located on the southern hemisphere, with an area ranks sixth in the world. It is the largest country among ocean countries, but it's also the mainland of the world's smallest and the only an exclusive one continent.It is the east Pacific Ocean, west Indian Ocean, Neighboring countries include Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, V anuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. the major island with an area of 7.69million square kilometers, is the Earth’s largest island but smallest continent. It stretches about 3700 kilometers from north to south and 4000 kilometers from east to west. In area, Australia is the6thlargest nation after Russia, Canada,China, the United States and Brazil. Itis about twice the size of the EuropeanUnion or the ten nations that make upthe Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN). Its oceanterritory-the third largest in the world—spans three oceans and coversaround 12 million square kilometers.The country form and the populationFor around 40,000 years before European settlement commenced in the late 18th century, the Australian mainland and Tasmania were inhabited by around 250 individual nations of indigenous Australians. After sporadic(偶发的，偶见的) visits by fishermen from the immediate north, and European discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606,the eastern half of Australia was claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal(与刑罚有关的) transportation to the colony of New South Wales, founded on 26 January 1788. during the 19th century another five largely self-governing Crown Colonies were established. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies became a federation, and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and remains a Commonwealth realm(王国). Democratic society with a skilled workforce and a strong, competitive economy. The responsibility for governing this vast continent is shared between three levels of government—the federal（联邦的）Australian Government, the governments of the six states and two territories, and about 700 local government authorities. The population is just over 21.7 million, with approximately 60% concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide. The nation's capital city is Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and the population grew steadily in the following years. Australia has one of the most urbanized and coast-dwelling populations in the world. More than 80 percent of Australians live within 100 kilometers of the coast of Tasmania, and numerous other islands in the Indian andPacific Oceans. Australia’s multicultural society includes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants from some 200 countries. In almost 60 years of planned post-war migration, Australia has welcomed over 6 million migrants, including more than 600 000 refugees. Over this time, the population has increased from about 7 million to 20 million.Topography and ClimateAustralia's terrain is quite distinctive; the average elevation is only 330 meters, the lowest of all the continents. The western and central parts of the rugged rocky areas, the vast desert and lush mountain, Its highest point, Mount Kosciuszko, is only 2228 meters. The lack of height is more than compensated for in landscape variety. The giant monolith Uluru (formerly known as Ayers Rock)in the Northern Territory and the striking beehivemountains of Parnell (the Bungle Bungles) in WesternAustralia attract visitors from every corner of the world,as do the country’s beaches and rainforests. In the sea isthat a narrow beach gentle slope, slow ramp to the west,gradually became plain. Coastal area is full of widebeaches and lush vegetation, where the topography ofstrange things. In the west of the City of Sydney has theBlue Mountains of the cliffs, in the north Gela Si House Brisbane, tall mountains, beautiful and after the erosion of the volcanic neck, while in the south coast west of Adelaide city, is a flat plain. Murray River and Darling River is Australia's longest two rivers. These two river systems the formation of the Murray - Darling Basin, an area of about 100 million square kilometers, equivalent to 14% of the total area of mainland China. Lake Eyre is near the center of the continent a great salt lake, covering an area over 9000 square km, but the long-term status was dry. Australia is a large island continent in the southern hemisphere with a diverse range of climate zones. These vary from tropical regions in the north through the arid expanses of the interior to temperate regions in the south. Seasonal fluctuations can be great with temperatures ranging from above50℃to below0℃. Minimum temperatures are moderated by the lack of mountains and the influence of surrounding oceans. Australia is relatively arid, with 80% of the land having a rainfall less than 600 millimeters per year and 50% having even less than 300 millimeters. Most Australians live near the wetter more moderate south eastern coasts primarily in major cities. Most of Australia's land, about 70%, classified as arid or semi-arid zones, the central most areas not suitable for habitation. Australia has 11 large deserts, which account for about 20% of the area throughout the continent. As the rainfall is small, the mainland for more than one-third of the area actually covered by deserts. Australia is the world's most flat, the driest continent, the central lowland and western plateau are dry desert climate, can make animal husbandry and farming the land, only 26 million square kilometers. Coastal areas, particularly in the southeastern coastal zone, suitable for residence and cultivation. Here hilly, water-rich, fertile land. In addition to the south coast, the entire coastal strip around the continent to form a "green", it is this "green" brought up this country. However, barren arid zones of inland buried a kind ofmineral resources, including bauxite lead(铝土矿) and gold iron ore and so on, and the Australia iron ore reserves of the world's second largest, all kinds of mineral resources in Australia to bring a lot of wealth, ,.Animals and PlantsA great number of Australia’s native plants, animals and birds exist nowhere else in the world. Australia is committed to conserving its unique environment and natural heritage and has a range of protection procedures in place, including World Heritagelistings and many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.Australia can be described as a vast land with smallpopulation. Most of the population lives within 20km ofthe ocean. These urban Australians celebrate the typicalNew World values of material self-improvement throughhard work and hard play. A sunny climate also contributesto this exuberance. Kangaroo is Australia's unique mammals, mainly located in the Australian continent on the forest and grassland. Kangaroo is a plant-eating animal, hiding in the woods during the day and at night to eat grass and leaves outside. The image of the kangaroo is unique: forelimb short toe fingers Elephant Man, strong hind legs, long thick tail, kangaroo tail is a powerful tool, and they who are able to provide support for the kangaroo, kangaroo running can also change the direction of running. Kangaroo tail tapered at the end, the muscles are very strong, up to 1 meter in length. Kangaroo is the most famous living in the grasslands of the Red Kangaroo is the largest category of Kangaroo, the stronge st person. Gray kangaroo is jumping experts can jump great distances. Australian gold, about 47 kinds of kangaroo, the kangaroo in the body length 23-250 cm. Kangaroo is not due to fear, so zoologists kangaroo animals in the study encounter trouble when the relatively much smaller. Although kangaroos are not light weight, and sometimes up to 70 kilograms, but their run at an alarming rate, up to 48 kilometers per hour, and they jump up to the first 13 meters away Kangaroos originated in the Australian continent and parts of Papua New Guinea. Among them, some species unique to Australia. All Australian kangaroo, zoo and wild, except in zoos, are living in the wild. Different types of kangaroos in Australia in a variety of natural life, from the cool climate of the rainforest and the desert plains to tropical areas. Koalas, an iconic symbol of Australia, face extinction as rapid urbanization along the eastern seaboard destroys their fragile habitat, environmental activists have warned. The AustralianKoala Foundation has written to the government urging it to declare the koala a vulnerable species after a survey of 1,000 koala habitats found 30 percent no longer had a koala in them and 60 percent had suffered widespread destruction." I truly believe that in my lifetime the koala will become extinct unless we do something," Deborah Tabarat, executive director of the foundation, told reporters. Koalas are protected by law but the eucalyptus trees they call home and which provide their only source of food are not. There are about 100,000koalas in Australia, down from an estimated 7 million to 10 million at the time of white settlement in 1788. In the 1920s 3 million koalas were shot for their fur. They are so lovely and unique and attract a lot of people around the world. Australia also has a lots of unique animals and plants, such as Platypus(鸭嘴兽)and Echidna(针鼹鼠).Emu(鸸鹋),some unique plants include Eucalyptus(桉树),Acacia(合金欢)and so on, they are the symbol of Australia.Some physical feature and custom of AustraliaLanguageEnglish is the primary language used in Australia. Y et their colorful vocabulary, accent, phonetics system and slang ('Strine') can take a lot of getting used to. In 1788, there were about 250 separate Aboriginal languages spoken in Australia, plus dialects. Today, only two thirds of these languages survive and only 20 of them (eight per cent of the original 250) are still strong enough to have chance of surviving well into the next century. In addition to these there are also the languages of immigrants from Europe, the Middle East and Asia. In a global economy, language skills are a great advantage for the national workforce. Although English is the official language in Australia, more than 4.1 million Australians speak a second language. As a result, Australia offers the familiarity of a Western business culture with a workforce capable of operating in both Asian and Western business environments. In fact, Australia has a greater range of Asian language skills than any other country in Asia or the Pacific. More than 840 companies have established their regional headquarters in Australia. The language skills and other capabilities that attract foreign companies are, in part, a result of Australia’s diverse multicultural society.ClothingTraditional Australian clothing is similar to that worn in other westernized nations. Because of Australia's warm climate, common summer clothing is often comprised of shorts, sleeveless shirts and thongs (footwear which is the equivalent of American flip-flops). Hats are commonly worn as awareness of skin cancer increases, and these come in a variety of styles. "Traditional" Australian clothing could be said to be that of the swagmen and Bushmen of the past. They wore long trousers, buttoned sleeves, strong leather boots and hats, often with corks hanging from the brim to keep away the flies.FoodsAustralia's first settlers brought with them the tastesof 18th century Great Britain. Their familiar dishes suchas roast beef and Y orkshire pudding, Irish stew andsteamed pudding were, for most of the year, totallyunsuitable for the harsh climate and conditions. In the lasttwo hundred years these eating habits have graduallychanged, and continue to do so. In the Gold Rush of 1851, adventurers and speculators came from all over the world, among them thousands of Chinese who began successful market gardens, greengrocer’s shops and restaurants, thus introducing us to new tastes. From there it continued. Today, influenced by the large number of immigrants from Mediterranean, Asian and other countries, our menus nowreflect Australia's multicultural society. Once traditional dishes have been spiced up with new flavors, but when it comes to fair dinkum Aussie tucker, there are a few classic dishes that have stood the test of time and cannot be improved. (Recipes and information have been provided for traditional dishes).In colonial Australia, stockmen developed the technique of making damper out of necessity. Often away from home for weeks, with just a camp fire to cook on and only sacks of flour as provisions, a basic staple bread evolved. It was originally made with flour and water and a good pinch of salt, kneaded, shaped into a round, and baked in the ashes of the campfire or open fireplace. It was eaten with pieces of fried dried meat, sometimes spread with golden syrup, but always with Billy tea or maybe a swig of rum.Culture and EducationThe Australia culture is diversified because of the diversification of the race. Australia’s culturally diverse society includes its Indigenous peoples and settlers from countries all around the world. Immigration is an important feature of Australian society. Since 1945, over six million people from 200 countries have come to Australia as new settlers. Migrants have made a major contribution to shaping modernAustralia. People born overseas make up almostone quarter of the total population. The federalgovernment sets immigration intake numbers ona yearly basis. Australia's immigration policiesare non-discriminatory and all applicnceants tomigrate must meet the same selection criteria.The Australians are friendly to people in mostcases, and they are ready to show theirhospitality to guests. On education field, Australia’s educational institutions provide high-quality education to students from all backgrounds. Diversity and quality underpin(支撑) Australia’s education services. Schools develop students’ skill and confidence, children begin primary school at the age of five, primary school provides basic education for children up to 12 or 13 year of age, after which they transfer to a secondary school. All schools provide subjects in the eight key learning areas: English, Mathematics studies of society and the environment, Science, art, languages other than English, technology and personal development, health and physical education. Two options(选项) are open to students when they complete there or four years of high school, They may choose to receive further education at a technical or agricultural college or other training institutions. Students who choose to continue at the high school level undertake two more years of study before taking an examination coordinated by the state for the purpose of university entrance, university graduates are in many of the world’s leading research, innovation and problem solving teams, and the vocational and technical education sector is competency-based and Industry-led. Schools provide an opportunity for children to attend school and to grow up in their communities, they put into more devotion to develop the distance education and reform constantly education pattern. Australia has developed a reputation as a world leader in international education and English-language training.Custom and holidaysPeople in Australia are very unique as well. Australia is a multi-culture country which have people from many culture backgrounds. It has the most culture diversity in the world. So as we can see, Australia is a very unique country. There is so many traditional day for the Australian, for example New Y ear’s Day, Christmas, Australia Day, Anzac Day ,Boxing Day and so on.Tourism and economyAs one of Australia’s most important industries, tourism grew rapidly in the late 20th century, and it now represents one of the most dynamic sectors in the Australianeconomy, accounting for more than 500,000 jobs in thelate 1990s.International tourism received a major boostfrom the highly successful Summer Olympic Gamehosted in Sydney in 2000. The strong growth indomestic tourism has tapped the expanding range ofattractions are Queensland’s spectacular Great BarrierReef; the Northern Territory’s Kakadu National Park, and the famous beach resorts in the Brisbane Claims and Sydney regions. The Australia economy is dominated by its service sector, yet it is the agricultural and mining sectors that account for 65% of its exports. The service sector of the economy,including tourism, education, and financial services,comprises 70% of GDP. Agriculture and naturalresources comprise 3% and 5% of GDP but contributesubstantially to export performance. Australia’slargest export markets include Japan, China, the US,South Korea and New Zealand. As we all know, it isalways called” a country riding on the back of sheep”,wool has been a staple(主要产品) of the Australia economy since the colonial period, and it was important to the development of agriculture as the country’s largest industry. Australia remains the world’s largest wool producer and exporter. Although sheep are farmed Australia-wide, 36% of the flock is in New South Wales; about half of the country’s wool is produced in New South Wales and Western Australia. Meanwhile, Australia is one of the world’s leading producers of cattle and was the world’s second largest exporter of beef after Brazil. Horticulture is one of Australia’s largest industries, and produces a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, nursery products and cut flowers. Australian exports are a mix of traditional commodities, services and advanced manufacturing. The economy is open and innovative, with a commitment from the Australian Government to maintain economic growth in a competitive environment. Over the past decade, strong growth has been accompanied by low inflation and interest rates, and solid productivity. Australia’s spectacular natural environment, rich Indigenous history and culture, multicultural communities, and vibrant food and wine sector make it one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. More than 5 million people visit Australia every year, making the tourism industry the largest contributor to Australian services export earnings. The Australian Government is firmly committed tosupporting Australian innovation and excellence through an ongoing action plan called ‘Backing Australia’s Ability—Building our Future through Science and Innovation'. Tourist industry is one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. But it relies far more on international trade and tourism for growth.Australia and the world EXPO 2010Australia's World Expo in Shanghai have the park itself covers an area of over 4800 square meters to build a national pavilion, the theme is"rise to the challenge: the future of cities in Australia for the intelligent solution", through the exploration of environmental protection, as well as urbanization and globalization such as the common challenges facing humanity, and showcase Australia's natural beauty to visitors presents "the world's most desirable place of residence" - Australia How to shape urban construction and sustainable development in harmony between the natural environment. If you love animals , kangaroos and kaolas are good company to you .If you want to experience the unique tropical coastal scenery and if you want to learn about the country,so don’t forget Australia when you plan a trip!Australia, the largest country in Oceania, lies on the south coast of the Pacific. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. It has a population of over 10 million. Most of its people live in the east of the country by the sea. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city.When we talk about Australia we may all think of the series of symbols of this country: the Opera House ,Harbour Bridge, Great Barrier Reef ,Gold Coast, kangaroo, Koala and so on .And it is these things that makes Australia known to all the world The Sydney Opera House must be one of the most recognizable images of the modern world - up there with the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building , it is as representative of Australia ,the Opera House is situated on Bennelong Point.Ironic, perhaps, that this Australian icon - the Opera House with a roof evocative of a ship at full sail ,which was designed by renowned Danish architect -- Utzon.The Opera House covers 1.8 hectares of land, and offers 4.5 hectares of usable office space. It is 183 meters tall and about 120 meters wide at its widest point. It is supported on 580 concrete piers sunk up to 25 meters below sea level. It has about 1000 rooms, five theaters, five rehearsal studios, four restaurants, six bars and numerous souvenir shops.In addition to hosting the many musical, dance, and theater companies from around the world that have come to perform here, the Opera House is home to the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Opera Australia, the Australian Ballet, and the Sydney Theater.The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for 2,600 kilometers (1,616mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometers (132,974 sq mi).The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia. The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. The Great Barrier Reef supports a wide diversity of life, and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981.Australia is the habitat for kangaroos, one of the famous animals in the world. The population of kangaroo is so large that the kangaroochart even frequently appears on the Australian road. Kangaroos have a special characteristic . It's a kind of lovely animal, They have four limbs, the fore legs are short while the hind legs are strong and powerful, with which they can cover more than 10 meters with each leap. Because they are strong and because they are lovely, Australian regard them as their nation's another symbol, and draw it on their national flag!Another symbol I must talk about is the lovely koala. It is unique in Australia as like the giant panda in China. It is not only a national treasure of Australia, but also a Strange precious original arboreal animal .They have two plush velvet ears, eyes, nose, mouth very small, the nose is black, very cute! Because Koala's cute, clever and special way of life, so that Australian fell in love with it.。

澳大利亚英文简介澳大利亚联邦，世界上唯一国土覆盖一整个大陆的国家，是一个奉行多元文化的移民国家，下面是小编给大家整理的澳大利亚英文简介，供大家参阅!澳大利亚简介The Commonwealth of Australia (Australia), referred to as Australia. Its territory area of 7686850 square kilometers, surrounded by the sea, is the world's only land covering a continent of the country. Australia, which has many unique flora and fauna and natural landscapes, is a multicultural immigrant country.The term "Australia", originally intended as "the continent of the South", is made up of the Latin terraaustralis (land of the south). Europeans found the continent in the 17th century, mistakenly thought it was a piece of land through the Antarctic, hence the name "Australia".Australia is a highly developed capitalist country, the capital of Canberra. As the second most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere and the 12th largest economy in the world, the world's fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, which is also the world's largest producer of minerals, is called "the country sitting on the tub." At the same time, Australia is also the world's number of sheep and the largest number of sheep export countries, also known as "riding in the sheep back country." Australia is highly urbanized and nearly half of the country lives in two major cities in Sydney and Melbourne, where several cities have been rated as one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports power, perennial held a number of global sports events. Australia is a founding memberof the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and a member of the United Nations, the G20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum.澳大利亚历史沿革The word Australia is intended to be the "southern continent", from the Latin terraaustralis (the land of the South). As early as 40,000 years ago, indigenous people would multiply on Australia's land, with a total of 413,000 Australians (20xx census data).In 1606, the ship of the Spanish navigator, Luis Vaezde T orres, passed the strait between Australia and New Guinea. In the same year, Duyfken, the Dutchman William Chancellor, was involved in Australia and was For the first time there are recorded alien people who landed in Australia and named it here for "New Holland".In 1770, the British navigator Captain Cook (Captain James Cook) found the east coast of Australia, named it "New South Wales" and announced that this land belongs to the United Kingdom.The British first put Australia as a place where the prisoners were exiled. On January 18, 1788, a fleet of six ships, led by Captain Philip, arrived in Australia's Botany Bay, where there were 736 prisoners. Eight days later, on January 26, 1788, they officially established the first British colonial area in PortJackson, Australia, where the population grew and became the largest city in Australia, Sydney, the name is to commemorate the British Minister of the Interior Sydney (Sydney). January 26 each year to become Australia's National Day (AustraliaDay).In 1790, the first free immigrants from the United Kingdommoved to Australia, with Sydney as the center, gradually to the inland development, to 1803, the colonial area has been extended to today's Tasmania. The earliest inhabitants of Australia are indigenous.In 1900 the inhabitants of all six colonies held a one-to-one referendum, using a vote to decide whether to reorganize the six colonies into a federal state, the result of which was to be unified in six places and to establish a single Australian federation. In July, the British Parliament passed the Australian Federal Constitution and the British Dominion Ordinance.January 1, 1901, Australia's colonial areas to the state, the six colonial areas to become a federal, the establishment of the Australian Commonwealth. While passing the first constitution.In 1927, the Australian capital moved to Canberra.In 1931, the British Parliament passed the "Westminster Act", so that Australia gained internal and political autonomy, become an independent state in the Commonwealth.In 1986, the British Parliament passed the "Australian Relations Act", Australia to obtain full legislative and judicial final.In the 1850s, gold was found in New South Wales and Victoria. A large number of gold rush from Europe, the Americas and China flocked. The population of Australia surged from 400,000 in 1850 to 1.1 million in 1860. Since then many important gold mines have been discovered one by one, and found a lot of mineral deposits, these discoveries, so that Australia quickly get rich and development.澳大利亚文化the filmAustralian films are influential in the world. Before the Second World War, Australia began to produce films, many ofthem excellent works. After the Second World War the Australian film industry in a standstill. It was not until the 1970s that the Australian film development company was set up by the leader of the Labor Party, led by Labor's leader, who was renamed the Australian Film Commission (AFC). The film committee has set up the government's own film production agency, the Australian Film Board, shooting a large number of films, becoming the first round of the history of Australian film production heat. Newspaper columnist and advertising giant Philip Adams was one of the celebrities who were actively involved in the film's hot.So far, Australian producers and directors have won an indisputable position in the global film industry with their unique style, and have a strong impact on Hollywood, and many Hollywood studios indicate the need for Australian actors to star in. The Australian traveler in Hollywood is therefore known as "Eucalyptus Leaf Help", including a number of presenters, directors and actors who are now active in Hollywood. The famous directors include Baz Rulman, Alex Prius, George Miller and Wen Ziren. Famous actors include Russell Crowe, Nicole Kidman, Kate Blanchett, Hugh Jackman and Gay Pierce, etc., Heath Ledger, Sam Worthington.LiteratureIn 1973, the Australian government established the Arts Council Literary Committee, literature began to develop, local literature has a certain international influence, such as Marcus Clark in 1874 to create "life imprisonment." In the late nineteenth century, the Australian jungle poets began to get out of the shadow of British traditional culture by seeking more "Australian" sense of belonging. Since the 1920s, the outstanding Australian literature has "Koonaldu", "Kabri Connie" and "Poor fellow, myhometown".MediaAustralia has four press groups: Herald and Time magazine group, Murdoch news company, Fairfax and Parker News joint holding company. Among them, Murdoch news company developed the fastest, now also bought the British "The Times" and the United States "New York Post", has become an international newspaper group. The main newspapers are: "Australian newspaper", "Sydney Morning Herald", "Century", "Financial Review", "Canberra Times." Australia has more than 1,400 journals, "Australian Women's Weekly" is the largest circulation of publications. "Gazette" magazine (founded in 1880) is one of the oldest publications. The Australian news agency is Australia's largest news agency, headquartered in Sydney, 1964 and Reuters became associates.physical educationAustralia is a big sport, sports are quite popular. International sports arena, Australia's cricket, hockey, basket tennis, rugby and federated rugby have first-class levels; bicycles, rowing, swimming are also among the best in the world. Other domestic sports include Australian football, soccer, horse racing, racing, tennis, basketball, golf and track and field.Australia has hosted two summer Olympic Games, namely the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and the 20xx Sydney Olympics. Australia's medal in the Olympic Games has long been the top five in the world, swimming and track and field projects usually bring many medals. In addition, Australia is one of the holy places of global tennis, one of the four Grand Slam of the Australian Open in January each year in Melbourne. Melbourne's Abel Park track is the first race of Formula One racing (F1). Australia's watersports is very powerful, long-term in the Olympic Games to achieve good results, "water lion," said.FootballAustralianRulesFootball is unique to Australia and the Australian Australian Football Federation (AFL) is very popular. Now the British football is also popular, the establishment of the A-League British Football League. In recent years, the Australian national soccer team has become one of the most popular group sports teams in Australia. In 20xx, it joined the Asian Football Association and performed well in the 20xx World Cup soccer tournament. After entering the 16th, the Australian national football team lost to the world champion Football team, in 20xx is the World Cup top ten semi-finals eight unbeaten record once again into the 20xx World Cup finals in South Africa, but eventually still in the first ring was eliminated.TennisAustralia is a big tennis player, there are a number of Grand Slam tennis stars, such as Bo Kashi, Rhodes Lavo, Patrick Lough, Leiden Hewitt, Alicia Molik, Sa Mansa Stosur, Margaret Colt, John Newcomb and so on.Australia's sports clubs are scattered throughout the country, and some high school and university sports clubs produce most of the sports elite for the country. In this regard, Australia is similar to the sporting country of the United States. Australian Tennis Open (English: AustralianOpen, referred to as: Australian Open) is one of the four Grand Slam tournaments. The match is usually held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, in the last two weeks of January each year, and is one of the first to be held in the annual Grand Slam.The Australian Open was founded in 1905 and has a historyof more than 100 years. But compared with the other three Grand Slam events, the Australian Open is still the youngest. At the beginning of the competition was named the "Australasian Championship" (AustralasianChampionships); in 1969, the game into the "Open era." Since 1988, the competition has been carried out on the outdoor hard earth court in Melbourne Park.Competition with men's singles and doubles, women's singles and doubles and mixed doubles and other projects. The men's singles championship trophy is the NormanBrookesChallengeCup, the women's singles championship trophy is the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup (DaphneAkhurstMemorialCup).SwimIan James Thorpe is Australia's swimming star, has won five Olympic gold medals, is Australia's highest record so far.living habitAlthough Australia is often portrayed as a country dominated by rural areas, in fact, the dominant is the urban culture and metropolitan way of life, including the enjoyment of the world's delicacies.Australians like to drink beer, leisure time, especially the weekend, many people like friends and friends to the bar drinking chat, enjoy music, or to the park barbecue. Australia's cities give people a sense of openness, there are many open parks and green dotted the meantime. The vast majority of parks in Australia are free, the park is not even the walls, all the way out of the park path. Convenient transportation can also take people effortlessly into the national parks in the suburbs of the city.Unrestrained is the best general for Australians, Australia has a particularly strong atmosphere of freedom and freedom.People call their names every day (only called names, not names), between bosses and employees, between teachers and students. In the two cities of Sydney and Melbourne city center, usually at noon can usually see wearing a suit of white-collar workers or white-collar beauty and friends and colleagues together, sitting on the steps in front of the building to eat a simple lunch, such as sandwiches or hot dogs , White-collar people sitting on the street to eat lunch, the same is a modern metropolis, the same scene in Tokyo or Hong Kong such a place is unimaginable.Recreational activitiesAustralians love outdoor life, for example: climb the Sydney Bridge, three hundred and sixty degrees to enjoy the magnificent view of Sydney Harbor. Swim with dolphins, visit penguin paradise, come to Australia to see wild animals, ride camels walk, ride, adventure, all kinds of exciting activities everything.The Australians are both cheerful and Westerners. They are interested in sports, such as surfing, windsurfing, horse racing, fishing, bowling, Australianrulesfootball, cricket, rugby, netball and swimming There are many enthusiasts.。

关于澳大利亚的手抄报英文版AustraliaAustralia, formally known as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country located in the southern hemisphere. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Australia is famous for its stunning natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and vibrant cities.Geography: Australia is situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is surrounded by several smaller islands, including Tasmania and the Great Barrier Reef. The country is known for its varied landscapes, ranging from vast deserts, rugged mountains, tropical rainforests, and iconic beaches.Wildlife: Australia is home to some of the most unique and diverse wildlife on the planet. The country is known for its kangaroos, koalas, wombats, and the infamous Tasmanian devil. It is also home to various reptiles, including the world's deadliest snake, the inland taipan.Culture: The Australian culture is a fusion of indigenous Aboriginal traditions and influences from various immigrant settlers. The country celebrates its diversity through multicultural festivals and events. Australians are known for their laid-back and easy-going nature, often referred to as the "Aussie spirit." Tourism: Australia is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other popular attractions include the Sydney Opera House, Uluru (Ayers Rock),and the iconic beaches of Bondi and Surfers Paradise.Sports: Australians are passionate about sports, with cricket, Australian rules football, rugby, and soccer being popular nationwide. The country has a strong sporting culture and has produced legendary athletes in various disciplines, including swimming, tennis, and cricket.Economy: Australia has a highly developed market economy. It is one of the world's largest exporters of agricultural products, including wheat, beef, and wool. The country is also rich in natural resources, with significant mining and extraction sectors. Additionally, Australia has a strong service-based economy, particularly in tourism and education.Overall, Australia is a captivating country with its unique wildlife, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture. Whether you are exploring the diverse beauty of the outback or immersing yourself in the cosmopolitan cities, Australia offers a wealth of experiences for its visitors.。

Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。

86%的制造业为小企业。

Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses.在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。

它的特点包括下面几点:In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following:1)效率低Inefficiency澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。

Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing.效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。

The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries.2)高度集中Concentration在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。

Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy.整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。

澳大利亚介绍英语作文Australia, officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a vast and diverse country located in the southern hemisphere. It is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area, encompassing the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Here, I'll delve into various aspects of Australia, from its geography and wildlife to its culture and economy.Geographically, Australia boasts a wide range of landscapes, from the arid deserts of the Outback to the lush rainforests of the tropical north. The country is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, including iconic landmarks such as Uluru (Ayers Rock), the Great Barrier Reef, and the Sydney Opera House. Its diverse geography provides ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, surfing, and wildlife spotting.Speaking of wildlife, Australia is home to some of theworld's most unique and fascinating creatures. From kangaroos and koalas to platypuses and wombats, thecountry's native fauna are a major drawcard for touristsand nature enthusiasts alike. However, it's worth notingthat Australia is also known for its dangerous wildlife, including venomous snakes, spiders, and marine creatureslike box jellyfish and saltwater crocodiles.Australia's cultural landscape is as diverse as its geography. The country has a rich Indigenous history dating back tens of thousands of years, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples comprising the oldest continuous cultures on Earth. Their traditions, art, and storytelling continue to influence Australian society to this day.In addition to its Indigenous heritage, Australia is a melting pot of cultures from around the world. Immigration has played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural identity, with waves of settlers arriving from Europe, Asia, and beyond. This cultural diversity is reflected in Australia's cuisine, festivals, and arts scene, making it a vibrant and dynamic place to live.Economically, Australia is a highly developed country with a strong market economy. It is rich in natural resources such as coal, iron ore, and gold, which have historically driven its economic growth. In recent years, Australia has also emerged as a leader in sectors such as finance, technology, and education, contributing to its status as one of the wealthiest nations in the world.However, Australia faces its share of challenges, including environmental issues such as climate change and biodiversity loss, as well as social issues such as indigenous rights and immigration policy. These issues are complex and often contentious, requiring careful consideration and collaborative action to address effectively.In conclusion, Australia is a vast and diverse country with much to offer residents and visitors alike. From its stunning landscapes and unique wildlife to its rich cultural heritage and thriving economy, Australia is truly a land of opportunity and adventure.。

澳洲介绍英文作文Australia, officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a vast and diverse country located in the southern hemisphere. It is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area, covering approximately 7.7 million square kilometers. With its unique wildlife, stunning landscapes, rich indigenous culture, and vibrant cities, Australia is a fascinating destination that attractsmillions of visitors every year.One of the most iconic features of Australia is its diverse wildlife. The country is home to a wide range of unique animals, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. From kangaroos and koalas to wombats and wallabies, Australia's native fauna never fails to captivate visitors. The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, is the world's largest coral reef system and is home to an incredible array of marine life, including colorful fish, turtles, and dolphins.Australia's landscape is incredibly diverse, ranging from lush rainforests and pristine beaches to arid deserts and rugged mountains. The Outback, a vast and remote region in the center of the country, is known for its red desert sands, ancient rock formations, and unique wildlife. Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a massive sandstone monolith located in the heart of the Outback and is sacred to the indigenous Anangu people.Indigenous Australians have inhabited the continent for over 65,000 years and have a rich cultural heritage that is deeply intertwined with the land. They have a deep respect for the environment and have passed down their knowledge and traditions through generations. Today, indigenous culture plays an important role in Australian society, with many communities preserving their languages, art, and spiritual practices.Australia's cities are vibrant melting pots of cultures and cuisines, offering a diverse range of experiences for visitors. Sydney, with its iconic Opera House and Harbour Bridge, is known for its stunning waterfront location andcosmopolitan atmosphere. Melbourne, often referred to asthe cultural capital of Australia, is famous for itsthriving arts scene, world-class dining, and eclectic laneways. Other major cities such as Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide also offer their own unique attractions and experiences.In addition to its natural beauty and cultural heritage, Australia is also known for its high quality of life and strong economy. The country has a stable political system, excellent healthcare and education systems, and areputation for innovation and entrepreneurship. With its strong ties to Asia and the Pacific region, Australia iswell-positioned to continue its economic growth andcultural exchange in the years to come.In conclusion, Australia is a truly unique and diverse country that offers something for everyone. From its stunning natural landscapes to its vibrant cities and rich indigenous culture, there is no shortage of things to see and do in the land Down Under. Whether you're exploring the Outback, snorkeling on the Great Barrier Reef, or enjoyinga flat white in a bustling café, Australia is sure to leave a lasting impression on all who visit.。

澳大利亚英文简介The Commonwealth of Australia (Australia), referred to as Australia. Its territory area of 7686850 square kilometers, surrounded by the sea, is the world's only land covering a continent of the country. Australia, which has many unique flora and fauna and natural landscapes, is a multicultural immigrant country.The term "Australia", originally intended as "the continent of the South", is made up of the Latin terraaustralis (land of the south). Europeans found the continent in the 17th century, mistakenly thought it was a piece of land through the Antarctic, hence the name "Australia".Australia is a highly developed capitalist country, the capital of Canberra. As the second most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere and the 12th largest economy in the world, the world's fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, which is also the world's largest producer of minerals, is called "the country sitting on the tub." At the same time, Australia is also the world's number of sheep and the largest number of sheep export countries, also known as "riding in the sheep backcountry." Australia is highly urbanized and nearlyhalf of the country lives in two major cities in Sydney and Melbourne, where several cities have been rated as one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports power, perennial held a number of global sports events. Australia is a founding memberof the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and a member of the United Nations, the G20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum.The word Australia is intended to be the "southern continent", from the Latin terraaustralis (the land of the South). As early as 40,000 years ago, indigenous people would multiply on Australia's land, with a total of 413,000 Australians (20xx census data).In 1606, the ship of the Spanish navigator, Luis Vaezde Torres, passed the strait between Australia and New Guinea. In the same year, Duyfken, the Dutchman William Chancellor, was involved in Australia and was For the first time there are recorded alien people who landed in Australia and named it here for "New Holland".In 1770, the British navigator Captain Cook (Captain James Cook) found the east coast of Australia,。